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<document id="CE06C1CC9B3F6D2EF348CC7D4B508F5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="37555" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275566" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7595a203-d678-45c7-a4fd-e3a9c5ff5c0c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275566" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1481580068644" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ferris, Clifford D. &amp; Schmidt, Christian" docDate="2010" docId="03BF6D3AFFFADF6B68C410E1FCDCFB91" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02347p036.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2347" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tetracis pallulata Hulst" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF861542FFF5DF7B68531541FFC6FFC6" masterDocTitle="Revision of the North American Genera Tetracis Guenée and Synonymization of Synaxis Hulst with Descriptions of Three New Species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698433713681" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="5E80E20842967049E7B86CC797C7FA79" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="98B8281A7E64FB20F6EF541D1CFC6C28">Revision of the North American Genera Tetracis Guenée and Synonymization of Synaxis Hulst with Descriptions of Three New Species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="677E848E6430C58D1F669055715DE432">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FBA3F64A5D56B35093A0A0657F20218F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E343C4B8131736C453D0F28E8256C6DA">Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="592E09453959AFA83D1540A9B107CCA1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B1D7C8B00B4EF26C99D667E641843AAF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4D01C4086DFF77E36BCB01063EF16D47">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="44B50145050AC85B270F4DA415A5D5E0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7467F25E0AF5652BF48ED9B6599995BC">2347</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B37207804856DEC3DD8DE6388AB9BF49">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EFCDD1C59C3D77BFEF2507B229F710C0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275566</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="12BFCE9A4996FD6E54FC4FDD5C163081" type="GBIF-Dataset">7595a203-d678-45c7-a4fd-e3a9c5ff5c0c</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF6D3AFFFADF6B68C410E1FCDCFB91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6209055" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125107151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6209055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF6D3AFFFADF6B68C410E1FCDCFB91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF6D3AFFFADF6B68C410E1FCDCFB91" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFFADF7468C410E1FDE8FA1B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFFADF7468C410E1FE72FA7C" blockId="15.[151,558,1440,1501]" box="[151,436,1440,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0E16B40FFFADF7468C410E1FE72FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,436,1440,1466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFFADF7468C410E1FE72FA7C" ID-CoL="94B3Q" authority="Hulst" authorityName="Hulst" box="[151,436,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallulata">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF7468C410E1FE72FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,436,1440,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF7468C410E1FEAEFA7C" bold="true" box="[151,360,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tetracis pallulata</emphasis>
Hulst
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFFADF7468C41082FDE8FA1B" blockId="15.[151,558,1440,1501]" box="[151,558,1475,1501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF7468CC1082FF34FA1B" box="[159,242,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,197,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 11. Type specimens: 3, Tetracis j. jubararia [CM photo]; 4. Synaxis jubararia sericeata [AMNH photo]; 5. Synaxis pallulata [AMNH photo]; 6. Synaxis hirsutaria (syntype) [author photo]; 7. Metanema cervinaria dorsal (D) &amp; ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 8 Metanema aurantiacaria dorsal (D) &amp; ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 9. Tetracis australis; 10. Tetracis montanaria; 11. Tetracis pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275569/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF7468AC1082FE8DFA1B" box="[255,331,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 41" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,291,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[217,1369,271,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 41. Tetracis adults: 27 – 29. T. fuscata, 27 – 28. Albany Co., WY, 29. Mesa Co., CO; 30 – 34. T. pallulata, 30. British Columbia, 31, 34. Curry Co., OR, 32. Plumas Co., CA, 33. Clark Co., NV; 35 – 38. T. mosesiani, 35 – 36, 38. Monterey Co., CA, 37. Los Angeles Co., CA; 39 – 41. T. j. jubararia, 39. Coos Co., OR, 40 – 41. Alameda Co., CA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275571/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">30–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF7469041082FEB1FA1B" box="[343,375,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 94" captionStartId="24.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[255,1335,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[233,1348,174,1660]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 94. Tetracis male genitalia with aedeagus removed and aedeagus with vesica everted. 87. T. crocallata. 88. T. cachexiata. 89. T. cervinaria. 90. T. australis. 91. T. fuscata. 92. T. pallulata. 93. T. mosesiani. 94. T. j. jubararia. Aedeagus enlarged relative to remaining structures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275575/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">92</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF7469D01082FE77FA1B" box="[387,433,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURES 102 – 117" captionStartId="26.[151,272,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1361,399,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[217,1369,381,1917]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 102 – 117. Tetracis male genitalia, domes of everted vesica. 102. T. crocallata. 103. T. cachexiata. 104. T. cervinaria. 105. T. australis. 106. T. fuscata. 107. T. pallulata. 108. T. mosesiani. 109. T. j. jubararia. 110. T. j. sericeata. 111. T. montanaria. 112. T. barnesii. 113. T. formosa. 114 – 115. T. hirsutaria. 116 – 117. T. pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275577/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">107</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF7469EE1082FE2DFA1B" box="[445,491,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 124" captionStartId="27.[151,274,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[234,1338,186,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[217,1369,176,1712]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 124. Female genitalia with enlarged view of signa. 118. T. crocallata. 119. T. cachexiata. 120. T. cervinaria. 121. T. australis. 122. T. fuscata. 123. T. pallulata. 124. T. mosesiani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275578/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">123</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF7469AB1082FDE3FA1B" box="[504,549,1475,1501]" captionStart="FIGURES 137 – 139" captionStartId="31.[151,269,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[196,1410,212,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[169,1417,194,1538]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 137 – 139. Tetracis distribution maps. 137. T. fuscata. 138. T. pallulata. 139. T. montanaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275582/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">138</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFFADF7468C4134FFC2AF943" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFFADF7468C4134FFDB7F983" blockId="15.[151,1436,1550,1669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFFADF7468C4134FFE26F9E3" authority="Hulst, 1887" authorityName="Hulst" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,480,1550,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallulata">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF7468C4134FFE93F9E3" box="[151,341,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tetracis pallulata</emphasis>
Hulst, 1887
</taxonomicName>
. New species of
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFFADF746ACD134FFC9FF9E3" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[670,857,1550,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae No.</taxonomicName>
3.
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF746B2D134FFB54F9E3" box="[894,1170,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Entomologica Americana</emphasis>
2(11): 211.
<typeStatus id="54AD628EFFFADF746D4F134FFAB9F9E3" box="[1308,1407,1550,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1017A5FFFADF746DDB134FFA5AF9E3" box="[1416,1436,1550,1573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">♂</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF74689C136FFED6F983" box="[207,272,1582,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,197,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 11. Type specimens: 3, Tetracis j. jubararia [CM photo]; 4. Synaxis jubararia sericeata [AMNH photo]; 5. Synaxis pallulata [AMNH photo]; 6. Synaxis hirsutaria (syntype) [author photo]; 7. Metanema cervinaria dorsal (D) &amp; ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 8 Metanema aurantiacaria dorsal (D) &amp; ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 9. Tetracis australis; 10. Tetracis montanaria; 11. Tetracis pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275569/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), Crater Lake,
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFFADF7469E3136FFDC6F983" box="[432,512,1582,1605]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oregon</collectingRegion>
[AMNH].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFFADF7468C4130FFC2AF943" blockId="15.[151,1436,1550,1669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFFADF7468C4130FFE12F9A3" authority="Hulst, 1896" authorityName="Hulst" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,468,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallulata">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF7468C4130FFE88F9A3" box="[151,334,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synaxis pallulata</emphasis>
Hulst, 1896
</taxonomicName>
. A classification of the Geometrina of North America, with descriptions of new genera and species.
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF746972132FFC9FF943" box="[289,857,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Transactions of the American Entomological Society.</emphasis>
23: 324, 377.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFFADF7468C413F2FC13F935" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFFADF7468C413F2FC13F935" blockId="15.[151,1437,1715,2004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF7468C413F2FEDBF90B" bold="true" box="[151,285,1715,1741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFFADF74697613F2FE3DF90A" box="[293,507,1715,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallulata">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF74697613F2FE3DF90A" box="[293,507,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tetracis pallulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally can be separated from the other group III ochreous species by the presence of pale shading distad and dark shading basad of the PM line.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFFADF6B689713BFFD65FDE1" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFFADF6B689713BFFD65FDE1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1715,2004]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,152,1111]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF74689713BFFE98F8DE" bold="true" box="[196,350,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF74693613BFFE76F8D1" box="[357,432,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Adults</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF74699313BFFDD4F8DE" box="[448,530,1790,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,197,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 11. Type specimens: 3, Tetracis j. jubararia [CM photo]; 4. Synaxis jubararia sericeata [AMNH photo]; 5. Synaxis pallulata [AMNH photo]; 6. Synaxis hirsutaria (syntype) [author photo]; 7. Metanema cervinaria dorsal (D) &amp; ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 8 Metanema aurantiacaria dorsal (D) &amp; ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 9. Tetracis australis; 10. Tetracis montanaria; 11. Tetracis pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275569/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFFADF746A4C13BFFDA8F8DE" box="[543,622,1790,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 41" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,291,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[217,1369,271,1807]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 41. Tetracis adults: 27 – 29. T. fuscata, 27 – 28. Albany Co., WY, 29. Mesa Co., CO; 30 – 34. T. pallulata, 30. British Columbia, 31, 34. Curry Co., OR, 32. Plumas Co., CA, 33. Clark Co., NV; 35 – 38. T. mosesiani, 35 – 36, 38. Monterey Co., CA, 37. Los Angeles Co., CA; 39 – 41. T. j. jubararia, 39. Coos Co., OR, 40 – 41. Alameda Co., CA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275571/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">30–34</figureCitation>
): FWL:
<quantity id="4CEE71C9FFFADF746A9C13BFFC97F8DE" box="[719,849,1790,1816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 mm</quantity>
. Antenna dorsally whitish, laminate (very slender, but densely setose ventrally) in male; female similar, but narrower. Palpi slender, slightly decurved, about 1.7x eye width, ochreous, dark brown at tip. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs ochreous, varying in hue across individuals.
<emphasis id="B962003EFFFADF74697B122FFEB6F841" box="[296,368,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wings</emphasis>
: Ochreous, varying in color across individuals. FW apex falcate. DFW irrorated with dark scales; with very dark brown (nearly black) AM and strongly-developed PM lines; PM line broadly paleshaded outwardly; the degree to which PM line angles inwardly at M3 varies across individuals; MB colored as rest of wing, or only very slightly darker. DHW with well-developed dark median line that fades out toward upper margin. Dark discal spots on FW and HW well-developed. Ventrally paler with dorsal markings lightly repeated. Some females tend to be much darker in hue than males with one brown example examined.
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6D0C15A3FF39FEE7" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE5DF6B695D1449FEB6FEE4" box="[270,368,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 94" captionStartId="24.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[255,1335,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[233,1348,174,1660]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 94. Tetracis male genitalia with aedeagus removed and aedeagus with vesica everted. 87. T. crocallata. 88. T. cachexiata. 89. T. cervinaria. 90. T. australis. 91. T. fuscata. 92. T. pallulata. 93. T. mosesiani. 94. T. j. jubararia. Aedeagus enlarged relative to remaining structures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275575/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 92</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE5DF6B692F1449FE6AFEE4" box="[380,428,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 102 – 117" captionStartId="26.[151,272,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1361,399,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[217,1369,381,1917]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 102 – 117. Tetracis male genitalia, domes of everted vesica. 102. T. crocallata. 103. T. cachexiata. 104. T. cervinaria. 105. T. australis. 106. T. fuscata. 107. T. pallulata. 108. T. mosesiani. 109. T. j. jubararia. 110. T. j. sericeata. 111. T. montanaria. 112. T. barnesii. 113. T. formosa. 114 – 115. T. hirsutaria. 116 – 117. T. pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275577/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">107</figureCitation>
): Uncus broad, slightly decurved, tapering to bluntly pointed tip. Dorso-caudal margin of gnathos concave with a robust upcurved spine at either side. Short (about 0.5x width of valve base) robust furca from middle of anellus tapers to rounded apex, enlarging slightly before apex. Valve moderately broad with even margins, tapering to narrow rounded apex with a triangular apical projection at the dorsal margin. Aedeagus with ring of spinules at posterior end at base of vesica; everted vesica with patch of sclerotized nodules on dome, denser at base of dome, becoming diffuse toward crown.
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6C551483FB0AFE1D" box="[1030,1228,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE5DF6B6C8F1483FA85FE1A" box="[1244,1347,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 124" captionStartId="27.[151,274,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[234,1338,186,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[217,1369,176,1712]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 124. Female genitalia with enlarged view of signa. 118. T. crocallata. 119. T. cachexiata. 120. T. cervinaria. 121. T. australis. 122. T. fuscata. 123. T. pallulata. 124. T. mosesiani." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275578/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
): A/P = 0..66. Long unsclerotized tubular ductus bursae (ca. 1.5x length of corpus bursae). Corpus bursae ovoid with small oval dentate signum located at middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE5DF6B68971773FC89FD8A" box="[196,847,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE5DF6B68971773FC89FD8A" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1111]" box="[196,847,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B68971773FE7CFD8A" bold="true" box="[196,442,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1017A5FFE5DF6B69911773FDA6FD8A" box="[450,608,562,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">57 specimens</specimenCount>
with 11 dissections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE5DF6B68971716FA8AFC94" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE5DF6B68971716FA8AFC94" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B68971716FEF4FDB7" bold="true" box="[196,306,599,625]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Biology:</emphasis>
Mature larva and pupa described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE5DF6B6B531719FC39FDB4" author="McGuffin, W. C." box="[768,1023,600,626]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, No. 138" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 182" part="4" refString="McGuffin, W. C. (1987) Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae 4. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, No. 138, 1 - 182." title="Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae" type="journal article" year="1987">McGuffin (1987:82)</bibRefCitation>
. Larval hosts are members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B68C4173CFEFCFD51" box="[151,314,637,663]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6926173CFE22FD51" box="[373,484,637,663]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
. Specific hosts for reared specimens that Ferris examined were
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6CB4173CFE8BFD7A" authority="Lindl. &amp; Gord." authorityName="Lindl. &amp; Gord." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6CB4173CFA5BFD50" box="[1255,1437,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Abies concolor</emphasis>
Lindl. &amp; Gord.
</taxonomicName>
(San Bernardino Co., CA),
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6AF017E3FBC8FD7A" authority="Engelmann" authorityName="Engelmann" box="[675,1038,674,700]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englemanni">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6AF017E3FCBAFD7D" box="[675,892,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Picea englemanni</emphasis>
Engelmann
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6C1917E3FEA4FD24" authority="Sargent. Jones (1951:139)" authorityName="Sargent. Jones" authorityPageNumber="139" authorityYear="1951" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6C1917E3FAF6FD7D" box="[1098,1328,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tsuga heterophylla</emphasis>
Sargent.
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE5DF6B68C41789FEA4FD24" author="Jones, J. R. J. L." bookContentInfo="148 pp." box="[151,354,712,738]" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, No. 1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Jones, J. R. J. L. (1951) An annotated check list of the Macrolepidoptera of British Columbia. Occasional Paper of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, No. 1, 148 pp." title="An annotated check list of the Macrolepidoptera of British Columbia" type="book" year="1951">Jones (1951:139)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B69E11789FCC3FD24" authority="Carr. Larval" authorityName="Carr. Larval" box="[434,773,712,738]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sitchensis">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B69E11789FDA8FD27" box="[434,622,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Picea sitchensis</emphasis>
Carr. Larval
</taxonomicName>
hosts of reared specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6CD51789FA94FD24" box="[1158,1362,712,738]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
in the CNC are:
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B694517ACFDDDFCC1" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." box="[278,539,749,775]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B694517ACFE05FCC0" box="[278,451,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Abies grandis</emphasis>
Lindl.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6A7A17ACFBDCFCC1" authority="(Mirbel) Franco" authorityName="(Mirbel) Franco" box="[553,1050,749,775]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6A7A17ACFC83FCC0" box="[553,837,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudotsuga menziesii</emphasis>
(Mirbel) Franco
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6C7B17ACFA80FCC1" authority="Carr" authorityName="Carr" box="[1064,1350,749,775]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6C7B17ACFAC5FCC0" box="[1064,1283,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tsuga canadensis</emphasis>
Carr
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6D0717ACFA5BFCC0" box="[1364,1437,749,774]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6D0717ACFA5BFCC0" box="[1364,1437,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The citations in
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE5DF6B69821653FD16FCEA" author="Parsons, M. S. &amp; Scoble, M. J. &amp; Honey, M. R. &amp; Pitkin, L. M. &amp; Pitkin, B. R." bookContentInfo="129 pp." box="[465,720,786,812]" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2 vol. 1,016 pp" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R., Pitkin, L. M. &amp; Pitkin, B. R. (1999) The Catalogue. In: M. J. Scoble (ed.). Geometrid Moths of the World: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2 vol. 1,016 pp. + 129 pp. + 129 pp." title="The Catalogue" type="book" volumeTitle="M. J. Scoble (ed.). Geometrid Moths of the World: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)" year="1999">
Parsons
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6A6F1653FDBAFCED" box="[572,636,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
(1999
</bibRefCitation>
:911) of
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6B681653FBDAFCEA" box="[827,1052,786,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6B681653FC4EFCED" box="[827,904,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rubus</emphasis>
(Rosaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and of other families in
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE5DF6B6D041653FEDFFC94" author="Jones, J. R. J. L." bookContentInfo="148 pp." journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, No. 1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Jones, J. R. J. L. (1951) An annotated check list of the Macrolepidoptera of British Columbia. Occasional Paper of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, No. 1, 148 pp." title="An annotated check list of the Macrolepidoptera of British Columbia" type="book" year="1951">Jones (1951:139)</bibRefCitation>
most probably represent misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE5DF6B6B6F1679FC0FFC97" box="[828,969,824,849]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubararia">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6B6F1679FC0FFC97" box="[828,969,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. jubararia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adults from August to October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE5DF6B6897161CFCDCFB91" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE5DF6B6897161CFCDCFB91" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,1111]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE5DF6B6897161CFEA6FCB1" bold="true" box="[196,352,861,887]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE5DF6B6922161CFE1EFCB1" box="[369,472,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 137 – 139" captionStartId="31.[151,269,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[196,1410,212,1493]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[169,1417,194,1538]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 137 – 139. Tetracis distribution maps. 137. T. fuscata. 138. T. pallulata. 139. T. montanaria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275582/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
): Southern
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6A3B161CFD27FCB1" box="[616,737,861,887]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">California</collectingRegion>
north to
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6B02161CFBE2FCB1" box="[849,1060,861,887]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, eastward to
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6C90161CFAC1FCB1" box="[1219,1287,861,887]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Idaho</collectingRegion>
(Clearwater Co.) and western
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B693616C3FE0BFC5A" box="[357,461,898,924]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Montana</collectingRegion>
(Lewis and Clark Co.) from near sea level to 7200’ (
<quantity id="4CEE71C9FFE5DF6B6C6416C3FB56FC5A" box="[1079,1168,898,924]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200m</quantity>
). Records by province/ state/county are:
<collectingCountry id="F3019CBCFFE5DF6B690D16E9FE26FC04" box="[350,480,936,962]" name="Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CANADA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B69B816E9FDB4FC04" box="[491,626,936,962]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ALBERTA</collectingRegion>
. Waterton Lakes, N.P.
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6B2816E9FB52FC04" box="[891,1172,936,962]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BRITISH COLUMBIA</collectingRegion>
. Falkland, McGillvray Creek, Trinity Valley
<collectingCountry id="F3019CBCFFE5DF6B69C7168CFDB5FC21" box="[404,627,973,999]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6A2E168CFCF5FC21" box="[637,819,973,999]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
. Alpine, Contra Costa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Glenn, Humboldt, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Monterey, Napa,
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6B6F16B3FC5CFBCA" box="[828,922,1010,1036]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nevada</collectingRegion>
, Placer, Plumas, San Bernardino, Sonoma, Tehama, Tulare, Ventura.
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B698C1159FD81FBF4" box="[479,583,1048,1074]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IDAHO</collectingRegion>
. Clearwater.
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6ABF1159FC4DFBF4" box="[748,907,1048,1074]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MONTANA</collectingRegion>
. Lewis &amp; Clark.
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B6C371159FB2EFBF4" box="[1124,1256,1048,1074]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">OREGON</collectingRegion>
. Curry, Grant, Lincoln, Klamath, Wallowa.
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE5DF6B69B9117CFD77FB91" box="[490,689,1085,1111]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">WASHINGTON</collectingRegion>
. Kittitas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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