269 lines
36 KiB
XML
269 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="06C406B1BAF78675BB175CE792D7BD07" ID-CLB-Dataset="37555" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275566" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7595a203-d678-45c7-a4fd-e3a9c5ff5c0c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275566" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1481580068644" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ferris, Clifford D. & Schmidt, Christian" docDate="2010" docId="03BF6D3AFFE4DF6968C41676FB65FDE1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02347p036.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2347" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tetracis jubararia subsp. jubararia Hulst" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF861542FFF5DF7B68531541FFC6FFC6" masterDocTitle="Revision of the North American Genera Tetracis Guenée and Synonymization of Synaxis Hulst with Descriptions of Three New Species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698433713681" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D3B677AA5AAAC14BA0CB12B10FB0F088" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="41BE443C5F1AACBA3468F993E6865879">
|
||
<mods:title id="B565C00BF0EC1CF22B1ED76212D5E334">Revision of the North American Genera Tetracis Guenée and Synonymization of Synaxis Hulst with Descriptions of Three New Species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="80B22F7E3910C9C5D4D24058D6B9DBD3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="67705DDAD083D8ED77F3B63D1DA038D2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="489BF73351611F99BB624003F52DD85F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BCF09C3AC78B6947BB97867F3CAB7FFA">Ferris, Clifford D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C6DB9D428572FB4D3849AE2E95BAB274" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="441BE8EA2FB75DB2E02C792893051471">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ADEB0252A8AE2B272095B7AE1C3A24FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D891C1D3E2FA4B370722B102009B84D0">Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CF853A8D88D7831AB3A3F96CBBC4E47A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9FAD5E4DD3BFBAB190EC1D968293F648" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DD55E09EE67AAC8E0B57A6B3C8526ECA">
|
||
<mods:title id="F7D9690B79D6F927C4003E108E7C336F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F9325BDAB287BE7E502221F8FBCB5446">
|
||
<mods:date id="23E15FCA84FAE6F06C13B123E96B5325">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FDD44EA7220E5AEB29BE8D0B4F70879E" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="BB536DAB860322B70AA2B6D6BBFC2491">2347</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A911A211691C4EA525B615C64AAD8140" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="28DED5447FB22D4271B7094AE435CD30">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="10A4E3932DC2F0610CB5042CE84C4349">36</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BFB33F60902E631FE1F9B175C64845F1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0A6EEA17043DBC305F8ECEFD73128B16" type="CLB-Dataset">37555</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="30F083802418E91B04FBBCCD1D46A470" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275566</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="713EF7288542E8387511BBBBFAB9BD60" type="GBIF-Dataset">7595a203-d678-45c7-a4fd-e3a9c5ff5c0c</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6A09BEFE644FE88B5CCDF8EC8CA85D3D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6F25C957CF6AEFD3F1A6CF27425359F2" type="Zenodo-Dep">275566</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03BF6D3AFFE4DF6968C41676FB65FDE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6209059" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125107160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6209059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF6D3AFFE4DF6968C41676FB65FDE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF6D3AFFE4DF6968C41676FB65FDE1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE4DF6A68C41676FDE8FCB1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE4DF6A68C41676FDF2FC97" blockId="17.[151,564,823,887]" box="[151,564,823,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<heading id="D0E16B40FFE4DF6A68C41676FDF2FC97" bold="true" box="[151,564,823,849]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A68C41676FDF2FC97" ID-CoL="94B3P" authority="Hulst" authorityName="Hulst" box="[151,564,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="jubararia" subSpecies="jubararia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A68C41676FDF2FC97" bold="true" box="[151,564,823,849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A68C41676FE2EFC97" bold="true" box="[151,488,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tetracis jubararia jubararia</emphasis>
|
||
Hulst
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE4DF6A68C4161CFDE8FCB1" blockId="17.[151,564,823,887]" box="[151,558,861,887]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A68CC161CFF34FCB1" box="[159,242,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,197,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 11. Type specimens: 3, Tetracis j. jubararia [CM photo]; 4. Synaxis jubararia sericeata [AMNH photo]; 5. Synaxis pallulata [AMNH photo]; 6. Synaxis hirsutaria (syntype) [author photo]; 7. Metanema cervinaria dorsal (D) & ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 8 Metanema aurantiacaria dorsal (D) & ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 9. Tetracis australis; 10. Tetracis montanaria; 11. Tetracis pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275569/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A68AC161CFE8DFCB1" box="[255,331,861,887]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27 – 41" captionStart-1="FIGURES 42 – 56" captionStartId-0="13.[151,269,1828,1852]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,269,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1369,291,1788]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1369,214,1725]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[217,1369,271,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[217,1369,194,1730]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 27 – 41. Tetracis adults: 27 – 29. T. fuscata, 27 – 28. Albany Co., WY, 29. Mesa Co., CO; 30 – 34. T. pallulata, 30. British Columbia, 31, 34. Curry Co., OR, 32. Plumas Co., CA, 33. Clark Co., NV; 35 – 38. T. mosesiani, 35 – 36, 38. Monterey Co., CA, 37. Los Angeles Co., CA; 39 – 41. T. j. jubararia, 39. Coos Co., OR, 40 – 41. Alameda Co., CA." captionText-1="FIGURES 42 – 56. Tetracis adults: 42 – 45. T. j. jubararia, 42. Marin Co., CA, 43. Elmore Co., ID, 44. Boise Co., CA, 45. Monterey Co., CA; 46 – 53. T. j. sericeata, Albany Co., WY; 54 – 56. T. montanaria, Graham Co., AZ, paratypes." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/275571/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/275572/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">39–45</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A6904161CFEB1FCB1" box="[343,375,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 94" captionStartId="24.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[255,1335,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[233,1348,174,1660]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 94. Tetracis male genitalia with aedeagus removed and aedeagus with vesica everted. 87. T. crocallata. 88. T. cachexiata. 89. T. cervinaria. 90. T. australis. 91. T. fuscata. 92. T. pallulata. 93. T. mosesiani. 94. T. j. jubararia. Aedeagus enlarged relative to remaining structures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275575/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">94</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A69D0161CFE77FCB1" box="[387,433,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 102 – 117" captionStartId="26.[151,272,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1361,399,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[217,1369,381,1917]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 102 – 117. Tetracis male genitalia, domes of everted vesica. 102. T. crocallata. 103. T. cachexiata. 104. T. cervinaria. 105. T. australis. 106. T. fuscata. 107. T. pallulata. 108. T. mosesiani. 109. T. j. jubararia. 110. T. j. sericeata. 111. T. montanaria. 112. T. barnesii. 113. T. formosa. 114 – 115. T. hirsutaria. 116 – 117. T. pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275577/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">109</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A69EE161CFE2DFCB1" box="[445,491,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="28.[151,273,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[227,1365,399,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[217,1369,391,1927]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Female genitalia with enlarged view of signa. 125. T. j. jubararia. 126. T. j. sericeata. 127. T. montanaria. 128.? T. montanaria, Apache Co., AZ. 129. T. barnesii. 130. T. formosa. 131. T. hirsutaria (2 preparations) 132. T. pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275579/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">125</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A69AB161CFDE3FCB1" box="[504,549,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 142" captionStartId="32.[151,269,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,202,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[165,1422,194,1855]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 142. Tetracis distribution maps. 140. T. mosesiani. 141. T. jubararia. 142. T. barnesii." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275583/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">141</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE4DF6A68C416E9FCEEFC39" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE4DF6A68C416E9FCEEFC39" blockId="17.[151,1436,936,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A68C416E9FE22FC79" authority="Hulst, 1886" authorityName="Hulst" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,484,936,959]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubararia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A68C416E9FE9DFC79" box="[151,347,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tetracis jubararia</emphasis>
|
||
Hulst, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. New species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A6AF316E9FCA7FC79" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[672,865,936,959]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae, No.</taxonomicName>
|
||
2.
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6BD516E9FB5FFC79" box="[902,1177,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Entomologica Americana</emphasis>
|
||
2(6):120.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD628EFFE4DF6A6D5E16E9FAB6FC79" box="[1293,1392,936,959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1017A5FFE4DF6A6D2A16E9FA4BFC79" box="[1401,1421,936,959]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A689C1689FEC8FC19" box="[207,270,968,991]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,197,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 11. Type specimens: 3, Tetracis j. jubararia [CM photo]; 4. Synaxis jubararia sericeata [AMNH photo]; 5. Synaxis pallulata [AMNH photo]; 6. Synaxis hirsutaria (syntype) [author photo]; 7. Metanema cervinaria dorsal (D) & ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 8 Metanema aurantiacaria dorsal (D) & ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 9. Tetracis australis; 10. Tetracis montanaria; 11. Tetracis pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275569/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) Seattle, Wash[ington] [CM]. HT figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE4DF6A6AA11689FBA0FC19" author="Holland, W. J." bookContentInfo="479 pp." box="[754,1126,968,991]" journalOrPublisher="Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York, xxiv" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Holland, W. J. (1904) The Moth Book. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York, xxiv + 479 pp." title="The Moth Book" type="book" year="1904">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE4DF6A6AA11689FC8EFC19" box="[754,840,968,991]" country="Netherlands" name="Zuid-Holland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3019CBCFFE4DF6A6AA11689FC8EFC19" box="[754,840,968,991]" name="Netherlands" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1904, Plate XLV, fig. 20)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A68C416A9FDF3FC39" authority="McDunnough, 1938" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,565,1000,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubararia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A68C416A9FE93FC39" box="[151,341,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synaxis jubararia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE4DF6A690F16A9FDF3FC39" author="McDunnough, J." bookContentInfo="272 pp." box="[348,565,1000,1023]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, vol. 1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="McDunnough, J. (1938) Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. part 1, Macrolepidoptera, Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, vol. 1, 272 pp." title="Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. part 1, Macrolepidoptera" type="book" year="1938">McDunnough, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, page 173, entry 5189.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE4DF6A68C4116CFC45FB1A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE4DF6A68C4116CFC45FB1A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1069,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A68C4116CFEDCFB81" bold="true" box="[151,282,1069,1095]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A6998116CFD12FB80" box="[459,724,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="jubararia" subSpecies="jubararia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6998116CFD12FB80" box="[459,724,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. jubararia jubararia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A6B4D116CFC75FB80" box="[798,947,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mosesiani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6B4D116CFC75FB80" box="[798,947,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. mosesiani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in coastal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE4DF6A6C66116CFB6BFB81" box="[1077,1197,1069,1095]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
counties is difficult and positive identification is by genitalia (see “Diagnosis” for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A6B2F1112FBC8FBAA" box="[892,1038,1107,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mosesiani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6B2F1112FBC8FBAA" box="[892,1038,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. mosesiani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Over the remainder of its range (inland and northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE4DF6A69DC1139FDC0FB54" box="[399,518,1144,1170]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
north to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE4DF6A6A211139FC85FB54" box="[626,835,1144,1170]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
), the absence of pale shading distad of the PM line separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A695911DCFEBDFB70" box="[266,379,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubararia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A695911DCFEBDFB70" box="[266,379,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">jubararia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from similarly colored examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A6B7F11DCFC50FB70" box="[812,918,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tetracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6B7F11DCFC50FB70" box="[812,918,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">pallulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE4DF6A6BF611DCFB6DFB70" box="[933,1195,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synaxis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="jubararia" subSpecies="jubararia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6BF611DCFB6DFB70" box="[933,1195,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. jubararia jubararia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not exhibit the buff (pale yellow-ochre) color found in its subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6B421182FCBAFB1A" box="[785,892,1219,1244]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sericeata</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE4DF6A689711A6FD65F865" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE4DF6A689711A6FD65F865" blockId="17.[151,1437,1069,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A689711A6FE98FAC7" bold="true" box="[196,350,1255,1281]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A693611A9FE76FAC7" box="[357,432,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Adults</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A699311A9FDD4FAC4" box="[448,530,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,197,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[217,1369,197,1733]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 11. Type specimens: 3, Tetracis j. jubararia [CM photo]; 4. Synaxis jubararia sericeata [AMNH photo]; 5. Synaxis pallulata [AMNH photo]; 6. Synaxis hirsutaria (syntype) [author photo]; 7. Metanema cervinaria dorsal (D) & ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 8 Metanema aurantiacaria dorsal (D) & ventral (V) [composite of MCZ photos, used by permission]; 9. Tetracis australis; 10. Tetracis montanaria; 11. Tetracis pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275569/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A6A4C11A9FDABFAC4" box="[543,621,1256,1282]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27 – 41" captionStart-1="FIGURES 42 – 56" captionStartId-0="13.[151,269,1828,1852]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,269,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1369,291,1788]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1369,214,1725]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[217,1369,271,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[217,1369,194,1730]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 27 – 41. Tetracis adults: 27 – 29. T. fuscata, 27 – 28. Albany Co., WY, 29. Mesa Co., CO; 30 – 34. T. pallulata, 30. British Columbia, 31, 34. Curry Co., OR, 32. Plumas Co., CA, 33. Clark Co., NV; 35 – 38. T. mosesiani, 35 – 36, 38. Monterey Co., CA, 37. Los Angeles Co., CA; 39 – 41. T. j. jubararia, 39. Coos Co., OR, 40 – 41. Alameda Co., CA." captionText-1="FIGURES 42 – 56. Tetracis adults: 42 – 45. T. j. jubararia, 42. Marin Co., CA, 43. Elmore Co., ID, 44. Boise Co., CA, 45. Monterey Co., CA; 46 – 53. T. j. sericeata, Albany Co., WY; 54 – 56. T. montanaria, Graham Co., AZ, paratypes." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/275571/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/275572/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">39–45</figureCitation>
|
||
): FWL:
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE71C9FFE4DF6A6A9D11A9FC89FAC4" box="[718,847,1256,1282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="17.0">17–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Antenna pale ochreous to whitish dorsally, nearly filiform, ventrally densely setose with gaps between segments (laminate), narrower in females. Palpi moderately broad, porrect or slightly upcurved, about
|
||
<date id="FFA8FAECFFE4DF6A6B621073FC89FA8A" box="[817,847,1330,1356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2x</date>
|
||
eye width, dark ochreous with dark brown tips. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs ochreous, varying in hue across individuals. Legs and ventral abdomen flecked with scattered brown scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A69A9103CFD85FA50" box="[506,579,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: Base color generally tan and dark brown-tan (males) and orange-tan (females). FW apex falcate. AM and PM lines brown; PM line narrow, sinuate, sometimes with very narrow pale outer edge, bending basad at vein M3; MB colored as rest of wing, often with a diffuse darker central patch; submarginal area dark diffuse banding frequently present. Additional patchy markings may be present producing a “dead-leaf” aspect. DHW with poorly-developed median line that fades out toward upper margin. Dark discal spots on FW and HW. Ventrally paler with dorsal markings repeated; wing surfaces with widelyscattered dark scales suggesting a “dead-leaf” pattern.
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A6B6F131FFC36F9B1" box="[828,1008,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A6C52131FFBAFF9BE" box="[1025,1129,1630,1656]" captionStart="FIGURES 87 – 94" captionStartId="24.[151,270,1683,1707]" captionTargetBox="[255,1335,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[233,1348,174,1660]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 87 – 94. Tetracis male genitalia with aedeagus removed and aedeagus with vesica everted. 87. T. crocallata. 88. T. cachexiata. 89. T. cervinaria. 90. T. australis. 91. T. fuscata. 92. T. pallulata. 93. T. mosesiani. 94. T. j. jubararia. Aedeagus enlarged relative to remaining structures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275575/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A6C24131FFB6CF9BE" box="[1143,1194,1630,1656]" captionStart="FIGURES 102 – 117" captionStartId="26.[151,272,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[223,1361,399,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[217,1369,381,1917]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 102 – 117. Tetracis male genitalia, domes of everted vesica. 102. T. crocallata. 103. T. cachexiata. 104. T. cervinaria. 105. T. australis. 106. T. fuscata. 107. T. pallulata. 108. T. mosesiani. 109. T. j. jubararia. 110. T. j. sericeata. 111. T. montanaria. 112. T. barnesii. 113. T. formosa. 114 – 115. T. hirsutaria. 116 – 117. T. pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275577/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">109</figureCitation>
|
||
): Uncus of medium width, slightly decurved, tapering to bluntly pointed tip. Dorso-caudal margin of gnathos concave with a robust narrow tapering upcurved spine at either side. Robust furca from middle of anellus tapers to rounded apex, enlarging only slightly before apex. Valve moderately broad with even margins, tapering to rounded apex with a small triangular apical projection at the dorsal margin. Aedeagus with an incomplete ring of spinules at posterior end at base of vesica; everted vesica with patch of scattered sclerotized nodules on dome.
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A68C4127FFEAEF891" box="[151,360,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE4DF6A692A127FFE21F89E" box="[377,487,1854,1880]" captionStart="FIGURES 125 – 132" captionStartId="28.[151,273,1948,1972]" captionTargetBox="[227,1365,399,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[217,1369,391,1927]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 125 – 132. Female genitalia with enlarged view of signa. 125. T. j. jubararia. 126. T. j. sericeata. 127. T. montanaria. 128.? T. montanaria, Apache Co., AZ. 129. T. barnesii. 130. T. formosa. 131. T. hirsutaria (2 preparations) 132. T. pallidata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275579/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
|
||
): A/P = 0.46. Long unsclerotized tubular ductus bursae expanding slightly at junction with corpus bursae, obscuring junction (ca.
|
||
<date id="FFA8FAECFFE4DF6A6B5C1222FCEAF8BB" box="[783,812,1891,1917]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2x</date>
|
||
length of corpus bursae). Corpus bursae ovoid with small oval dentate signum located at middle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE4DF6A689712EFFC99F80E" box="[196,863,1966,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE4DF6A689712EFFC99F80E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1069,1992]" box="[196,863,1966,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE4DF6A689712EFFE7CF80E" bold="true" box="[196,442,1966,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1017A5FFE4DF6A699112EFFDA9F80E" box="[450,623,1966,1992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">138 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
with 17 dissections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE7DF69689715D6FA56FE81" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE7DF69689715D6FA56FE81" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,551]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF69689715D6FEF2FF77" bold="true" box="[196,308,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Full description of early stages by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87A1DDFFE7DF696AAA15D9FC38FF74" author="McGuffin, W. C." box="[761,1022,152,178]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, No. 138" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 182" part="4" refString="McGuffin, W. C. (1987) Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae 4. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, No. 138, 1 - 182." title="Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae" type="journal article" year="1987">McGuffin (1987:81)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Adults from mid-August to late November, depending upon locality and elevation. Reported larval hosts include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696CD715FCFB0CFF10" box="[1156,1226,189,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696CD715FCFB0CFF10" box="[1156,1226,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696C8915FCFAECFF10" box="[1242,1322,189,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696C8915FCFAECFF10" box="[1242,1322,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Betula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696D6815FCFA53FF10" box="[1339,1429,189,214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696D6815FCFA53FF10" box="[1339,1429,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cornus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF6968C415A3FF3FFF3D" box="[151,249,226,251]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF6968C415A3FF3FFF3D" box="[151,249,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF69695B15A3FE8CFF3D" box="[264,330,226,251]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF69695B15A3FE8CFF3D" box="[264,330,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ribes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among others;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696A5D15A3FC3FFF3A" authority="Benth. in Modoc Co." authorityName="Benth. in Modoc Co." box="[526,1017,226,252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subcordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696A5D15A3FD37FF3D" box="[526,753,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prunus subcordata</emphasis>
|
||
Benth. in Modoc Co.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696C5415A3FB46FF3A" box="[1031,1152,226,252]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(label data from reared museum specimen). Host records for reared specimens in the CNC are: alder,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696C7A1449FBA2FEE7" box="[1065,1124,264,289]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696C7A1449FBA2FEE7" box="[1065,1124,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696C211449FA88FEE4" authority="Voss" authorityName="Voss" box="[1138,1358,264,290]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696C211449FACAFEE7" box="[1138,1292,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Picea glauca</emphasis>
|
||
Voss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696D0A1449FEAEFE81" authority="Parry" authorityName="Parry" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696D0A1449FEE6FE80" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Picea engelmanni</emphasis>
|
||
Parry
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696920146CFDBBFE80" box="[371,637,301,326]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696920146CFDBBFE80" box="[371,637,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pseudotsuga menziesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16A7AFFFE7DF696ADF146CFD16FE80" box="[652,720,301,326]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF696ADF146CFD16FE80" box="[652,720,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thuja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (numerous records from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696C71146CFB2BFE81" box="[1058,1261,301,327]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696D75146CFA45FE81" box="[1318,1411,301,327]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C8FA7FFE7DF6968971413FB65FDE1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9DC2CFFE7DF6968971413FB65FDE1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,551]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962003EFFE7DF6968971413FEA2FEAA" bold="true" box="[196,356,338,364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DC0A9FFE7DF6969251413FE26FEAA" box="[374,480,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 142" captionStartId="32.[151,269,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,202,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[165,1422,194,1855]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 142. Tetracis distribution maps. 140. T. mosesiani. 141. T. jubararia. 142. T. barnesii." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275583/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
|
||
): Southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696A201413FD36FEAA" box="[627,752,338,364]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
northward to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696BCC1413FBB2FEAA" box="[927,1140,338,364]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and eastward to central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF6968C41439FE86FE54" box="[151,320,376,402]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF6969BE1439FDF4FE54" box="[493,562,376,402]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and White Pine Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696B601439FC4BFE54" box="[819,909,376,402]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
at elevations from 490–7400’ (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE71C9FFE7DF696CAE1439FA56FE54" box="[1277,1424,376,402]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2025" metricValueMax="2.255" metricValueMin="0.15" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1202.5" valueMax="2255.0" valueMin="150.0">150–2255m</quantity>
|
||
). Records by province/state/county are:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3019CBCFFE7DF696A2214DCFD31FE71" box="[625,759,413,439]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696B5014DCFBE0FE71" box="[771,1062,413,439]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BRITISH COLUMBIA</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Nanaimo.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3019CBCFFE7DF696CE114DCFA5FFE71" box="[1202,1433,413,439]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF6968C41483FE8BFE1A" box="[151,333,450,476]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CALIFORNIA</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Alameda, Contra Costa, Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Modoc, Monterey, Napa, Orange, Placer, Plumas, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tulare,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF6968C4174CFF3FFDE1" box="[151,249,525,551]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IDAHO</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Boise, Elmore.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF6969E9174CFDFEFDE1" box="[442,568,525,551]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">OREGON</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Baker, Coos, Lake.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D212CEFFE7DF696B79174CFC37FDE1" box="[810,1009,525,551]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">WASHINGTON</collectingRegion>
|
||
. King, Kittitas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |