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<mods:title id="4781E9AECF67F3D2D9F9EFA25AB463BD">Tirons of the world: a review of ‘ tironid’ amphipods, description of new genera and species, and establishment of a new subfamily Tironinae Stebbing, 1906 stat. nov. (Crustacea, Synopiidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BF0417FFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE791F8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6827605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197509196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6827605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF0417FFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE791F8CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF0417FFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE791F8CD" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE453FDB9" box="[151,793,510,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE453FDB9" blockId="6.[151,793,510,537]" box="[151,793,510,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0E1026DFFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE453FDB9" bold="true" box="[151,793,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE453FDB9" bold="true" box="[151,793,510,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FF1A8ECCE698FDB9" authority="Stebbing, 1906" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,466,510,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tironinae">
Tironinae
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FE948ECCE698FDB9" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[281,466,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 806" refId="ref50350" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1906) Amphipoda I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich, 21, 1 - 806." type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stat. nov. (new subfamily)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF1A8D71E48CFDFA" blockId="6.[151,966,579,603]" box="[151,966,579,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FF1A8D71E6D9FDFA" authority="Stebbing 1906" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,403,579,603]" class="Malacostraca" family="Tironidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Tironidae
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FF728D71E6D9FDFA" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[255,403,579,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 806" refId="ref50350" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1906) Amphipoda I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich, 21, 1 - 806." type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(syn. of
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FE618D71E590FDFA" ID-CoL="7NL87" authority="Dana, 1853" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1853" box="[492,730,579,603]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Synopiidae
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FDE88D76E590FDFA" author="Dana, J. D." box="[613,730,579,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="689 - 1618" refId="ref48889" refString="Dana, J. D. (1853) Crustacea. Part II. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1830, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N., 13 (2), 689 - 1618." type="journal article" year="1853">Dana, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FCA18D71E4F1FDFA" author="Barnard, J. L." box="[812,955,579,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="3 - 46" refId="ref48341" refString="Barnard, J. L. (1964) Deep-Sea Amphipoda (Crustacea) Collected by the R / V Vema in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 127, 3 - 46." type="journal article" year="1964">Barnard 1964</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFFD7FF17FF1A8DBBE50EFCF6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF1A8DBBE78FFCB1" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF1A8DBBE658FD02" bold="true" box="[151,274,649,675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FE948DBBE6DDFD02" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1853" box="[281,407,649,675]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Synopiidae</taxonomicName>
with accessory eyes*. Gnathopods 1 and 2 simple with slender, long carpus and propodus. Pereopods 3–7 short, dactylus/unguis short, stubby (
<figureCitation id="132DA984FFD7FF17FD658D9FE472FD66" box="[744,824,685,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,179,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1436,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Representative habitus illustrations of tironin genera. Tiron spiniferus (from Sars, 1895 pl. 140, ♀ 8 mm); Pseudotiron miratus sp. nov. (this paper, ♀, 4.5 mm); Tironella pervicax comb. nov. (from J.L. Barnard, 1967 fig. 84, ♂ 4.7 mm); Glandulotiron pilocaputis sp. nov. (this paper, ♀, 6.3 mm); Metatiron tropakis (from J.L. Barnard, 1967 fig. 45, ♀, 4.9 mm); Minitiron bellairsi comb. nov. (from Just, 1981 fig. 1, ♀ 2.4 mm). a and b, dactylus and unguis of pereopods 3–7: a, stubby; b, pre-stubby." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6572025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6572025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
), or pre-stubby (
<figureCitation id="132DA984FFD7FF17FC758D9FE303FD69" box="[1016,1097,685,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,179,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1436,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Representative habitus illustrations of tironin genera. Tiron spiniferus (from Sars, 1895 pl. 140, ♀ 8 mm); Pseudotiron miratus sp. nov. (this paper, ♀, 4.5 mm); Tironella pervicax comb. nov. (from J.L. Barnard, 1967 fig. 84, ♂ 4.7 mm); Glandulotiron pilocaputis sp. nov. (this paper, ♀, 6.3 mm); Metatiron tropakis (from J.L. Barnard, 1967 fig. 45, ♀, 4.9 mm); Minitiron bellairsi comb. nov. (from Just, 1981 fig. 1, ♀ 2.4 mm). a and b, dactylus and unguis of pereopods 3–7: a, stubby; b, pre-stubby." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6572025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6572025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
) with short, hooked claw and curved counter-seta on dactylus. Uropod 3 longer than uropods 1 and 2, at least as long as elongate, fully split telson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8C2BE50EFCF6" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FF568C28E6F6FC95" authority="Dana, 1852" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[219,444,793,820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Synopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF568C28E67FFC95" box="[219,309,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Synopia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FEB18C28E6F6FC95" author="Dana, J. D." box="[316,444,793,820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="297 - 316" refId="ref48851" refString="Dana, J. D. (1852) On the classification of the Crustacea Choristopoda or Tetradecapoda. American Journal of Sciences and Arts, Series 2, 14 (appendix), 297 - 316." type="journal article" year="1852">Dana, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FE7C8C2BE47EFC92" authority="Karaman, 1986" authorityName="G. Karaman" authorityYear="1986" box="[497,820,793,820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Telsosynopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FE7C8C2BE5C8FC92" box="[497,642,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Telsosynopia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FD058C28E47EFC92" author="Karaman, G. S." box="[648,820,793,820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="117 - 166" refId="ref49642" refString="Karaman, G. S. (1986) Several poorly known or new species of families Synopiidae and Phoxocephalidae from the Mediterranean Sea (Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 158). The Montenegrian Academy of Science and Arts Glasnik of the Section of Natural Sciences, 5 (114), 117 - 166." type="journal article" year="1986">Karaman, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also have accessory eyes, but otherwise differ in all the diagnostic characters of the
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FE5C8C0FE50BFCF6" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[465,577,829,855]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Tironinae">Tironinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30CE68AFFD7FF17FF4A8C53E791F8CD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8C53E51EFCDD" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" box="[199,596,865,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A8C53E607FCDA" bold="true" box="[199,333,865,891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="54AD0BA3FFD7FF17FF4A8C53E648FCDA" box="[199,258,865,891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
genus
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FED18C50E51EFCDD" ID-CoL="7Q4JD" authority="Lilljeborg, 1865" authorityName="Lilljeborg" authorityYear="1865" box="[348,596,865,892]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Tiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FED18C50E6D2FCDA" box="[348,408,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tiron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FE128C53E51EFCDD" author="Lilljeborg, W." box="[415,596,865,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref49856" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1865) On the Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, and on the Crustacea of the suborder Amphipoda and subfamily Lysianassina found an [sic] the coast of Sweden and Norway. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series 3, 61, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6806" type="journal article" year="1865">Lilljeborg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8CB7E47EFC62" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A8CB7E6E0FC3E" bold="true" box="[199,426,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Component genera</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FE3A8CB7E51CFC3E" ID-CoL="640b402c-4f44-4af1-8867-47395b969df2" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[439,598,901,927]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Glandulotiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FE3A8CB7E51CFC3E" box="[439,598,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Glandulotiron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251D468FFD7FF17FDD18CB7E58FFC01" box="[604,709,901,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FDD18CB7E5F5FC3E" bold="true" box="[604,703,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">gen. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FD5E8CB4E36CFC3E" ID-CoL="7PHFY" authority="Rabindranath, 1972" authorityName="Rabindranath" authorityYear="1972" box="[723,1062,901,927]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Metatiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FD5E8CB4E408FC3E" box="[723,834,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metatiron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FCCA8CB7E36CFC3E" author="Rabindranath, P." box="[839,1062,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="84 - 97" refId="ref50147" refString="Rabindranath, P. (1972) Three species of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) from the Trivandrum Coast, India. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 188, 84 - 97." type="journal article" year="1972">Rabindranath, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FBBD8CB4E3D0FC3E" ID-CoL="726af9b7-74a3-4474-b21a-2a14ffcd70d3" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[1072,1178,902,927]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Minitiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FBBD8CB4E3D0FC3E" box="[1072,1178,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Minitiron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FB2D8CB7E242FC3E" bold="true" box="[1184,1288,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251D468FFD7FF17FB2D8CB7E242FC3E" box="[1184,1288,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FA998CB7E607FC65" ID-CoL="7PWR8" authority="Chevreux, 1895" authorityName="Chevreux" authorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Pseudotiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FA998CB7E2D6FC3E" box="[1300,1436,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudotiron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FF1A8C9BE607FC65" author="Chevreux, E." box="[151,333,937,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref48758" refString="Chevreux, E. (1895) Sur un Amphipode, Pseudotiron bouvieri, nov. gen. et sp., de la Famille des Syrrhoidae nouvelle pour la Fauna Mediterranenne. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 165 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29691" type="journal article" year="1895">Chevreux, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FED58C98E519FC65" ID-CoL="7Q4JD" authority="Lilljeborg, 1865" authorityName="Lilljeborg" authorityYear="1865" box="[344,595,937,964]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Tiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FED58C98E6DEFC62" box="[344,404,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tiron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87C8F0FFD7FF17FE168C9BE519FC65" author="Lilljeborg, W." box="[411,595,937,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref49856" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1865) On the Lysianassa magellanica H. Milne Edwards, and on the Crustacea of the suborder Amphipoda and subfamily Lysianassina found an [sic] the coast of Sweden and Norway. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series 3, 61, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6806" type="journal article" year="1865">Lilljeborg, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FDD38C9BE58EFC62" ID-CoL="c0232f91-9131-4991-9914-c5741a73edc3" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[606,708,937,963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Tironella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FDD38C9BE58EFC62" box="[606,708,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tironella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FD468C9BE47EFC62" bold="true" box="[715,820,937,963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251D468FFD7FF17FD468C9BE47EFC62" box="[715,820,937,963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8CFFE43AFAA6" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A8CFFE5DDFC46" bold="true" box="[199,663,973,999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Additional characters of the
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FD978CFFE5DBFC46" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[538,657,973,999]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Tironinae">Tironinae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FD108CFFE5BCFC46" box="[669,758,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitus</emphasis>
. The
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FCB98CFFE420FC46" box="[820,874,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">head</emphasis>
short to slightly forward projecting, evenly downward curved or rounded angularly curved, with downward pointing acute or blunt rostrum.
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FB368CC0E791FB8E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eyes and accessory lenses</emphasis>
are occasionally reported as absent. In many species of the present study eyes and accessory lenses are clearly scattered, retracted, and fading. In some specimens, especially smaller ones, visual elements cannot be seen at all. Where lack of visual elements has been reported only a single specimen was described. It is often difficult to ascertain the number of accessory lenses, even in specimens undoubtedly of the same species. I agree with Jazdzewski (1990, p. 118) that this character should be avoided in keys due to the uncertainty involved. However, there is little reason to believe that there are truly blind
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FDFB8BFBE5AFFB42" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[630,741,1225,1251]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Tironinae">Tironinae</taxonomicName>
, and the data given in descriptions and illustrations below are from particularly well-preserved adult or nearly adult specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8A23E228FA8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" box="[199,1378,1297,1324]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A8A23E7B7FA8A" box="[199,253,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gills</emphasis>
are simple sacks.
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FE478A20E50AFA8D" box="[458,576,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oostegites</emphasis>
on pereonites 2–7 are long narrow straps with few long marginal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8A04E59FFA7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A8A04E637FAF1" box="[199,381,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ornamentations</emphasis>
are present in most, if not all, tironins in the form of crenulation or small spines or denticles posterodorsally and some way down the sides on the posterior margin of some pereonites and pleonites. Difficulties in interpretation due to allometric and sexual differences make these character problematic in the identification of similar species and is therefore not used consistently in keys or in descriptions below. A large dorsoposterior spine is ubiquitous on urosomites 1 and 2 and often on 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A8AD8E684F95E" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A8AD8E641F9A5" box="[199,267,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Setae.</emphasis>
Species of tironins are adorned with a wide variety of pectinate and moderately plumose setae on most appendages. For example, the long dorsal setae on uropod 3 inner ramus are finely plumose, but for ease of clarity they, and other similar setae, are generally illustrated as simple setae. Exceptions are the stout, pectinate setae on the posterior margin of gnathopod 1 propodus and occasionally on gnathopod 2; the unusually dense plumosity of
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FF3B894BE6F7F932" ID-CoL="a9bcf688-fb53-46e2-b7b7-b4a94c95d5a9" authority="Just, 2022" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="2022" box="[182,445,1657,1683]" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Glandulotiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griffithsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF3B894BE6F7F932" box="[182,445,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Glandulotiron griffithsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251D468FFD7FF17FE48894BE56AF935" box="[453,544,1657,1684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FE48894BE550F932" bold="true" box="[453,538,1657,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
setae on the posterior margin of merus and carpus of gnathopod 2; the anterior margins of the basis, ischium and merus of pereopods 5 and
<quantity id="4CEE18E4FFD7FF17FCCB89ACE438F916" box="[838,882,1693,1720]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
some species, and penicillate setae on the antennae. Robust setae on maxilla 1, gnathopods, pereopods, uropods and telson are important for identification, and are therefore clearly illustrated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9B501FFD7FF17FF4A883BE791F8CD" blockId="6.[151,1437,649,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF4A883BE6D4F882" box="[199,414,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Uropod 3 peduncle</emphasis>
is at most as long as urosomite 3, rami exceed the length of uropods 1 and 2 and the telson.
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FF1A881FE646F8E6" box="[151,268,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The telson</emphasis>
is elongate, split nearly to base, with robust setae dorsally (with the possible exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C16CE82FFD7FF17FA99881FE780F8CA" ID-CoL="6WHY9" authorityName="J. L. Barnard" authorityYear="1967" class="Malacostraca" family="Synopiidae" genus="Pseudotiron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coas">
<emphasis id="B9626913FFD7FF17FA99881FE780F8CA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudotiron coas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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