treatments-xml/data/03/BB/9D/03BB9D1CFF8095204AC1FF2EFF46F819.xml

<document id="871A89191F09E5E27814653BF7CD2B8C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189772" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fab2e7a-134c-4f5d-b64e-55533ac796e2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189772" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461104938753" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Agolin, Mikaël, Houssin, Céline &amp; Deharveng, Louis" docDate="2009" docId="03BB9D1CFF8095204AC1FF2EFF46F819" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02208p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2208" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Superodontella gladiator Agolin, Houssin &amp; Deharveng, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF82E564FF8195254A56FFCFFFB1FFF6" masterDocTitle="Superodontella gladiator, a new species of the family Odontellidae (Collembola: Poduromorpha) from Nepal with extremely elongated mouthparts" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698592603461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="90B0EE6D46920187DBEC0351EBF65D36">Superodontella gladiator, a new species of the family Odontellidae (Collembola: Poduromorpha) from Nepal with extremely elongated mouthparts</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="427D95F22EF9A5A003C5E5C5B00776A4">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BB9D1CFF8095204AC1FF2EFF46F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219894" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219894" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB9D1CFF8095204AC1FF2EFF46F819" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB9D1CFF8095204AC1FF2EFF46F819" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244AC1FF2EFD99FF0C" blockId="1.[151,552,224,286]" box="[151,552,224,251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0E59B66FF8095244AC1FF2EFD99FF0C" bold="true" box="[151,552,224,251]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8095244AC1FF2EFD99FF0C" bold="true" box="[151,552,224,251]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8095244AC1FF2EFE72FF0D" box="[151,451,225,251]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8095244AC1FF2EFE72FF0D" bold="true" box="[151,451,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Superodontella gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2554D63FF8095244B9DFF2FFD99FF0C" box="[459,552,224,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244AC1FECBFEBAFEE8" blockId="1.[151,552,224,286]" box="[151,267,260,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244AC1FECBFEBAFEE8" box="[151,267,260,286]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId-0="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetBox-1="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." captionText-1="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs 1–13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3087F81FF8095214AC1FE9EFC51FDAD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244AC1FE9EFE59FE29" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8095244AC1FE9EFF60FE9D" box="[151,209,337,363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
material. 
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8095244B10FE9EFE02FE9D" box="[326,435,337,363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
adult or subadult (with complete chaetotaxy but the presence of a genital plate cannot be confirmed due to the position of the furca), 
<specimenCount id="9D14E783FF8095244886FEB7FC92FE64" box="[720,803,376,402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
or subadult 
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF80952449EAFEB7FB9EFE64" box="[956,1071,376,402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
mounted on the same slide as 
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8095244AC1FE51FEB5FE4E" box="[151,260,414,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 2 
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prepared for SEM, 1 
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF80952448F7FE51FCB9FE4E" box="[673,776,414,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in alcohol. Material deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90FE23FBD9FDDA" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8095244A90FE23FEB1FDF0" box="[198,256,492,518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
locality. 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8095244B3DFE23FE07FDF0" box="[363,438,492,518]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nepal</collectingCountry>
: Pulchauki, in Mahabarat range, near Godavari, alt. 
<quantity id="4CEA81EFFF8095244E43FE23FBC0FDF0" box="[1045,1137,492,518]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
., in thick humus and leaf litter of a Rhododendron forest, 
<date id="FFAC0ACAFF8095244846FDDDFD37FDDA" box="[528,646,530,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" value="1977-10-26">26 x 1977</date>
sample NEP77B-208, L. Deharveng leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90FDF6FAEDFD56" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Description. Habitus typical of adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8095244828FDF6FC81FDA4" box="[638,816,569,594]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8095244828FDF6FC81FDA4" box="[638,816,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244917FDF6FC3AFDA5" box="[833,907,569,595]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244991FDF6FC55FDA5" box="[967,996,569,595]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">11</figureCitation>
) as opposed to “large juvenile” form encountered in some species. Blue pigment sparse, more concentrated dorsally on head, Abd. V and VI, margins of other tergites—light blue color for animal in alcohol. Ventral side white. Ocular plates black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90FD62FE2AFD18" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Length of body (stylet excluded): 400-450 µm (specimens in scanning electron microscope), 700-800 µm (specimens on slides).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90FD35FD3FFC59" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Integument with roundish granules, smallest on anterior part of head and gradually bigger and coarser to Abd. V and VI (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244B09FCEEFE0BFCCD" box="[351,442,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Slightly larger on central area of head and between 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8095244E1DFCEEFBD8FCCD" box="[1099,1129,801,827]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Di</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8095244EF0FCEEFB78FCCD" box="[1190,1225,801,827]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">De</collectingCountry>
areas of thoracic tergites (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244B54FC87FEFAFC94" box="[258,331,840,866]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). A peculiar spindle-shaped patch of 10 to 15 very small granules (2 to 4 times smaller in diameter than the surrounding ones) at center of head, between eyes. Its length roughly equal to that of largest omma. Muscular insertions barely marked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90FC73FB8BFAC4" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Antennae. Antenna IV dorso-distally with small ovoid organite (or) and a short microsensillum (ms) (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244F3AFC73FF16FC0A" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); seven dorsal S-chaetae (S1, S2, S3, S4, S7, S8, S9 according to D’Haese 2003) rather long, bent, subequal, subcylindrical, and two ventro-basal chaetae akin to S-chaetae but less bent and more slender; a very long ventro-subapical blunt chaeta (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244857FBFFFD26FBBC" box="[513,663,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs 2 and 3</figureCitation>
); 15-16 long, slender, more or less blunt dorsal mou-chaetae; 10- 11 short, pointed chaetae (including dorsal chaeta i), and 9 ventral, rather long, trumpet-chaetae. Antenna IV apex with a domed swelling of integument. Apical exertile vesicle absent. No eversible sac between segments III and IV. Sensory organ on antennal segment III with two short, bent sensory rods (S2 and S3), two short, bent, slightly longer and thinner guard sensillae (S1 and S4) and fifth dorso-external microsensillum (S5). S1, S2, S3 and S4 appressed to tegument in a slight depression. S1 bent externally, S2, S3 and S4 bent internally. Antennal segments I, II and III with respectively 7, 10 and 14 ordinary chaetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90FAF1FD3EF9EC" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Head. Ocular plates with 5 omma each (A, B, C, F, G), with B the largest and G the smallest (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244F49FAF1FADBFAAE" box="[1311,1386,1342,1368]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs 4</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244AC1FAAAFF09FA89" box="[151,184,1381,1407]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">13</figureCitation>
). Each plate surrounded by a cuticular groove, circular in shape. Ocular grooves linked posteriorly by a transverse groove, anterior to c chaetae, posterior to d chaetae. Postantennal organ quadrilobed, roughly triangular owing to much smaller posterior lobe, sunk in a deep cavity in continuity with peri-ocular groove (visible on 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244B48FA16FEC4FA05" box="[286,373,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
, bottom left corner), almost entirely covered: anteriorly by rim of cuticular invagination, posteriorly by overhanging anterior omma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8095244A90F9E9FAA8F835" blockId="1.[151,1437,337,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Mouthparts. Buccal cone styliform (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244829F9E9FD7CF9B6" box="[639,717,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs 6</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244958F9E9FC9EF9B6" box="[782,815,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">10</figureCitation>
): subcylindrical, slender and very long (as long as head). Very large clypeal area. Distal perilabial chaetae shifted closer to axis and rearranged around basis of buccal cone (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244B60F9BBFECEF978" box="[310,383,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Perilabial chaetae b1 and b2 rather short, m1, b3 and b4 long and subequal. Postlabial chaeta m1 more than twice as long as b1. Chaeta p1 absent. Labium with only three small, subequal chaetae (probably E, F and G), and more distally with two small, spine-like structures. Whole labium elongated into two long, spoon-shaped lamellae forming a tube, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally at its tip. Mouthparts difficult to observe and recognize (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8095244804F8C1FD2EF8DE" box="[594,671,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Two discernible parts: one clearly visible, sclerotized part, composed of styliform heads of maxillae, articulated to another, short and straight part (probably stipes) that is much less sclerotized and difficult to observe. Faint structures postero-internal to stipes (probably fulcra) and thin bilateral structures (maybe mandibles) antero-external to stipes. Mandibular head probably imbricated with maxillae head. Labrum very difficult to observe, with distal ridge but without visible chaetae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6D7C82FF8395274AC1F8EFFE06F813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8395274AC1F8EFFE06F813" blockId="2.[151,1437,1824,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8395274AC1F8EFFEF8F8CE" bold="true" box="[151,329,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 1–9</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8395274B0EF8EEFDCEF8CE" box="[344,639,1825,1848]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8395274B0EF8EEFDCEF8CE" box="[344,639,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Superodontella gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2554D63FF83952748D1F8EFFD54F8CE" box="[647,741,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF83952748D1F8EFFD54F8CE" bold="true" box="[647,741,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S=S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl=theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9=S9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8=S1, S2, S3, S4, S7, S8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6D7C82FF8295264AC1F8BEFDFCF806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8295264AC1F8BEFDFCF806" blockId="3.[151,1436,1905,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8295264AC1F8BEFEE9F87F" bold="true" box="[151,344,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 10–13</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8295264B30F8BDFDC5F87F" box="[358,628,1906,1929]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8295264B30F8BDFDC5F87F" box="[358,628,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Superodontella gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2554D63FF829526482AF8BEFD63F87F" box="[636,722,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF829526482AF8BEFD63F87F" bold="true" box="[636,722,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90FF57FBE1FEBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
Dorsal chaetotaxy as in 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214BB7FF57FD99FF44" box="[481,552,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
. Ordinary chaetae short, subequal, smooth and pointed, longer and slightly serrated on abdomen VI. S-chaetae slightly longer, more refringent and twisted, 2,2/1,1,1,1,1 from thorax II to abdomen V (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214B60FF2AFE31FF09" box="[310,384,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Chaeta m1 present on thoracic tergites II, III and abdomen IV. On head, chaetae a0 absent, c2 and c3 present. Abdominal tergite VI plurichaetotic, with three rows of chaetae (one more than usual). Two anal spines (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214BEFFEFDFDBFFEBA" box="[441,526,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) short and pointed (probably modified granules).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90FE96FC51FDAD" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
Sternites and appendages. Leg chaetotaxy as in Table 1. Distal whorl of tibiotarsal chaetae (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214F58FE96FAE4FE85" box="[1294,1365,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) with one acuminate tenent hair. Coxal chaetae not spiniform. Unguiculus absent. Claw with one ventro-basal tooth more or less appressed to internal crest, and two small latero-basal teeth. Ventral tube with three chaetae on each side. Sternite of abdomen II with (2) 3 chaetae Ve; of abdomen III with 5-6 chaetae Ve. Dens (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214F1DFE02FA23FE11" box="[1355,1426,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) with 5 dorsal chaetae, three internal ones stronger. Mucro typical of the genus with its two intermediate lamellae, and as long as dens. Chaetotaxy of anal valves and ventral abdomen VI as in 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214EF6FDD5FB58FDC2" box="[1184,1257,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
. Lateral valves with three hr chaetae, dorsal valve with only two observable hr chaetae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214AC1FD4BFB78FCC9" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<table id="F912DEAAFF856ADA4AC1FD4BFAA7FCC9" box="[151,1302,644,831]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="35222E48FF856ADA4AC1FD4BFAA7FD6A" box="[151,1302,644,668]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F34734FF856ADA4AC1FD4BFDBBFD6A" box="[151,522,644,668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214AC1FD4BFEB9FD6A" bold="true" box="[151,264,644,668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Appendage chaetotaxy.
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35222E48FF856ADA4AC1FD7FFAA7FD31" box="[151,1302,688,711]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F34734FF856ADA4AC1FD7FFDBBFD31" box="[151,522,688,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Coxa</th>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA48CCFD7FFCBFFD31" box="[666,782,688,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Trochanter</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA49F6FD7FFC57FD31" box="[928,998,688,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Femur</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA4EF6FD7FFAA7FD31" box="[1184,1302,688,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Tibiotarsus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35222E48FF856ADA4AC1FD17FAA7FD19" box="[151,1302,728,751]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F34734FF856ADA4AC1FD17FDBBFD19" box="[151,522,728,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Leg I 3</th>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA48CCFD17FCBFFD19" box="[666,782,728,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">5</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA49F6FD17FC57FD19" box="[928,998,728,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">11</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA4EF6FD17FAA7FD19" box="[1184,1302,728,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">7+9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35222E48FF856ADA4AC1FCCFFAA7FCE1" box="[151,1302,768,791]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F34734FF856ADA4AC1FCCFFDBBFCE1" box="[151,522,768,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Leg II 7</th>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA48CCFCCFFCBFFCE1" box="[666,782,768,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">5</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA49F6FCCFFC57FCE1" box="[928,998,768,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">11</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA4EF6FCCFFAA7FCE1" box="[1184,1302,768,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">7+9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35222E48FF856ADA4AC1FCE7FAA7FCC9" box="[151,1302,808,831]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F34734FF856ADA4AC1FCE7FDBBFCC9" box="[151,522,808,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Leg III 8</th>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA48CCFCE7FCBFFCC9" box="[666,782,808,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">4</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA49F6FCE7FC57FCC9" box="[928,998,808,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">10</td>
<td id="76F34734FF856ADA4EF6FCE7FAA7FCC9" box="[1184,1302,808,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">6+9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3087F81FF8595214A90FCBDFB8AFC45" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90FCBDFB8AFC45" blockId="4.[151,1437,882,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214A90FCBDFEFAFC7A" bold="true" box="[198,331,882,908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named because of its long, thin, slightly flattened labial sheath, reminiscent of the 
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214A94FC56FEA1FC44" box="[194,272,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">spatha</emphasis>
, a straight sword with a long point wielded by the ancient gladiators.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3087F81FF8595204A90FC70FF46F819" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90FC70FC51FB1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,882,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214A90FC70FEFBFC2F" bold="true" box="[198,330,959,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Discussion</emphasis>
. The species described here is typical of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF85952149FCFC0FFBEDFC2F" box="[938,1116,960,985]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF85952149FCFC0FFBEDFC2F" box="[938,1116,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but at the same time quite peculiar. It bears all the diagnostic characters of the genus: 5+5 pigmented ommatidia, no eversible sac between Ant. III and IV, no apical vesicle on Ant. IV, strongly modified labium and mouthparts, 4-lobed postantennal organ, tibiotarsus with two whorls of chaetae (as in all other non-regressed genera), a well developed furca, dens with 5 dorsal chaetae, and a large mucro with two dorsal lobes. It belongs to Deharveng’s (1981a) group 3, with two anal spines, three of the five dental chaetae thickened and an elongated buccal cone. Furthermore, the species for which 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214934FB67FC4DFB34" author="Stach" box="[866,1020,1192,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Stach, J. (1949) The Apterygotan fauna of Poland in relation to the world-fauna of this group of insects. Families: Neogastruridae and Brachystomellidae. Acta Monographica Musei Historiae Naturalia, Krakow, 1949, 1 - 341." type="journal article" year="1949">Stach (1949)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214E88FB67FA25FB37" box="[1246,1428,1192,1217]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214E88FB67FA25FB37" box="[1246,1428,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214AC1FB00FDBBFB1E" authority="Folsom, 1916" authorityName="Folsom" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,522,1230,1256]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Odontella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ewingi">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214AC1FB00FED0FB1E" box="[151,353,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Odontella ewingi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214B3EFB01FDBBFB1E" author="Folsom" box="[360,522,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Folsom, J. W. (1916) North American Collembolous Insects of the Subfamilies Achorutinae, Neanurinae, and Podurinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 50, 477 - 525." type="journal article" year="1916">Folsom, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF859521482BFB01FD0AFB1E" box="[637,699,1230,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
, also pertains to group 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90FB3AFCCFFA5C" blockId="4.[151,1437,882,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
It is, however, peculiar, because it is the first described 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF85952149C1FB3AFBF8FAF8" box="[919,1097,1269,1294]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF85952149C1FB3AFBF8FAF8" box="[919,1097,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to exhibit such a level of mouthpart elongation, stipes modification and three rows of chaetae on the tergite of Abd. VI (although 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214AC1FA8CFDF1FAAA" authority="Deharveng, 1981" authorityName="Deharveng" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,576,1346,1372]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Odontella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214AC1FA8CFED7FAAA" box="[151,358,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Odontella setosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214B38FA8DFDF1FAAA" author="Deharveng" box="[366,576,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Deharveng, L. (1981 b) Collemboles des iles subantarctiques de l'ocean indien. Mission J. Trave 1972 - 1973. Biologie des sols, Comite National Francais des Recherches Antarctiques, 48, 33 - 108." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Deharveng, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
b also has a plurichaetotic Abd. VI). An unidentified and undescribed species from 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8595214B6CFAA6FE04FA75" box="[314,437,1385,1411]" name="Singapore" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Singapore</collectingCountry>
characterized with the mouthparts similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF85952149B6FAA6FBC1FA74" box="[992,1136,1385,1410]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF85952149B6FAA6FBC1FA74" box="[992,1136,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2554D63FF8595214E2FFAA7FB6BFA74" box="[1145,1242,1384,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214E2FFAA7FB6BFA74" bold="true" box="[1145,1242,1384,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is studied in an unpublished Bachelor of Science report by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF85952148C4FA5FFCCAFA5C" box="[658,891,1424,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Sim Jui Eng, L. (1970) Studies on the Collembola Odontellidae of Singapore. Unpublished B. Sc. Report, Department of Zoology, University of Singapore, 54 pp." type="book">Sim Jui Eng (1970)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90FA79FCB3F9B2" blockId="4.[151,1437,882,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<tableCitation id="C69019B1FF8595214A90FA79FEAEFA26" box="[198,287,1462,1488]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,345,369]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of S. gladiator sp. nov. with the other Asiatic Superodontella sporting very long beaks, regressed labial chaetotaxy, short anal spines and an apical swelling of the integument of Ant. IV. Information about S. similis, except Ant. IV S-chaetae, supplied by J. I. Arbea (in litt.)." pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Table 2</tableCitation>
gives a comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF859521486FFA78FD74FA26" box="[569,709,1463,1488]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF859521486FFA78FD74FA26" box="[569,709,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2554D63FF8595214898FA79FC9FFA26" box="[718,814,1462,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214898FA79FC9FFA26" bold="true" box="[718,814,1462,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
with the other Asiatic 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214E15FA78FB44FA26" box="[1091,1269,1463,1488]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214E15FA78FB44FA26" box="[1091,1269,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sporting very long beaks, regressed labial chaetotaxy, short anal spines and an apical swelling of the integument of Ant. IV: 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214AC1F9CBFE3FF9E8" authority="Yosii, 1954" authorityName="Yosii" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,398,1540,1566]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214AC1F9CBFEB1F9EB" box="[151,256,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. similis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214B5EF9CBFE3FF9E8" author="Yosii" box="[264,398,1540,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Yosii, R. (1954) Springschwanze des Oze-Naturschutzgebietes. Scientific Researches of the Ozegahara Moor, 777 - 830." type="book chapter" year="1954">Yosii, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8595214B83F9CBFDAAF9E8" box="[469,539,1540,1566]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214871F9CBFC9CF9E8" authority="Yosii, 1965" authorityName="Yosii" authorityYear="1965" box="[551,813,1540,1566]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214871F9CBFD2EF9EB" box="[551,671,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. cornuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF85952148F1F9CBFC9CF9E8" author="Yosii" box="[679,813,1540,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Yosii, R. (1965) On some Collembola of Japan and adjacent countries. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 19, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1965">Yosii, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8595214922F9CBFC0BF9E8" box="[884,954,1540,1566]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214990F9CBFB67F9E8" authority="Yosii, 1971" authorityName="Yosii" authorityYear="1971" box="[966,1238,1540,1566]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalica">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214990F9CBFBF9F9EB" box="[966,1096,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. nepalica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214E19F9CBFB67F9E8" author="Yosii" box="[1103,1238,1540,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Yosii, R. (1971) Collembola of Khumbu Himal, Khumbu Himal, 4 (1), 80 - 130." type="journal article" year="1971">Yosii, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF8595214F4BF9CBFAD7F9E8" box="[1309,1382,1540,1566]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214AC1F9E4FDFAF9B2" authority="Bedos &amp; Deharveng, 1990" authorityName="Bedos &amp; Deharveng" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,587,1578,1604]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciconia">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214AC1F9E4FEBBF9B2" box="[151,266,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. ciconia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214B44F9E5FDFAF9B2" author="Bedos" box="[274,587,1578,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Bedos, A. &amp; Deharveng, L. (1990) New species of Superodontella Stach (Collembola: Odontellidae) from Thailand. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 133, 17 - 26." type="journal article" year="1990">Bedos &amp; Deharveng, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3056C9AFF85952148C4F9E5FD4FF9B2" box="[658,766,1578,1604]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595214A90F99EFEEDF8F0" blockId="4.[151,1437,882,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
The 
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8595214AA8F99EFE81F99D" box="[254,304,1617,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
of mouthparts described herein, for which the term “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF85952149E8F99EFB9AF99C" box="[958,1067,1617,1642]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF85952149E8F99EFB9AF99C" box="[958,1067,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mouthparts” is coined, differs from the &quot;superodontellian&quot; 
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8595214BB5F9B7FDA7F964" box="[483,534,1656,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF859521486DF9B7FCAFF964" author="Deharveng" box="[571,798,1656,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Deharveng, L. (1981 a) La famille des Odontellidae: phylogenese et taxonomie. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 3 (1), 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Deharveng (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
and can be defined as follows: stipes and fulcrum well developed, clearly discernible and directly articulated to each other as in all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214E25F951FAA1F94E" box="[1139,1296,1694,1720]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontellidae</taxonomicName>
, sometimes lacking one of the two mandibles, and with the fulcrum postero-internal process much longer than its posteroexternal process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8595204A90F8DDFB23FED0" blockId="4.[151,1437,882,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
For the moment, without a dissection of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF859521488CF8DCFCF6F8DA" box="[730,839,1811,1836]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF859521488CF8DCFCF6F8DA" box="[730,839,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mouthparts, their organization is unclear. What is evident, however, is the presence of an unusual articulation between stipes and maxilla head (
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8595214F44F8F6FAECF8A5" box="[1298,1373,1849,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), not recorded in any other 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214BF2F8AFFDEDF88C" box="[420,604,1888,1914]" class="Entognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Poduromorpha</taxonomicName>
. This provides support for the interesting hypothesis of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8595214F51F8AFFF55F856" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" refString="Sim Jui Eng, L. (1970) Studies on the Collembola Odontellidae of Singapore. Unpublished B. Sc. Report, Department of Zoology, University of Singapore, 54 pp." type="book">Sim Jui Eng (1970)</bibRefCitation>
who, following the dissection of the mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8595214911F848FC48F856" box="[839,1017,1927,1952]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8595214911F848FC48F856" box="[839,1017,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., proposed that the stylet itself is made up of the stipes of the maxilla, the finely striated and bevelled extremity being its head. In that case, what we describe as short, sclerotized, straight stipes could in fact be the cardo. However, the original drawing of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8495204AE1FF57FE5FFF44" author="Deharveng" box="[183,494,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Deharveng, L. (1981 a) La famille des Odontellidae: phylogenese et taxonomie. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 3 (1), 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Deharveng (1981a, 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8495204BC9FF57FE53FF44" box="[415,482,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,277,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,187,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,118,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov.: 1, habitus and dorsal chaetotaxy. S = S-chaeta. Di, De and Dl = theoretical chaetal areas; 2, left Ant. IV, ventrally. 9 = S 9; 3, left Ant. II, III and IV, dorsally, S-chaetae blackened 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 = S 1, S 2, S 3, S 4, S 7, S 8; 4, right ocular plate and postantennal organ; 5, mouthparts; Fu—fulcrum, Mdmandible, St—stipes; 6, labium; dotted line at level of chaetae F indicates distal limit of primary granules on the labium; 7, left leg III, ventrally; 8, Dens and mucro, dorsally; 9, Abd. VI, ventrally with anal valves; chaetae hr around anal aperture are filled in black." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189773/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
for fresh Nepalese specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204922FF57FC4EFF47" box="[884,1023,152,177]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204922FF57FC4EFF47" box="[884,1023,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows an armature of maxillae not very different from that of other species of the genus. We were unable to discern the structures described 27 years ago, which may be due to deterioration of the preparation, or incorrect observation. The examination and dissection of fresh specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF849520481EFEC3FD63FED3" box="[584,722,268,293]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF849520481EFEC3FD63FED3" box="[584,722,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be necessary to clarify this point.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6D7C82FF8495204AC1FE96FCB0FE46" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204AC1FE96FCB0FE46" blockId="5.[151,1436,345,619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204AC1FE96FEB9FE87" bold="true" box="[151,264,345,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204BE2FE96FD80FE86" box="[436,561,345,368]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204BE2FE96FD80FE86" box="[436,561,345,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2554D63FF849520486EFE96FD3CFE87" box="[568,653,345,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF849520486EFE96FD3CFE87" bold="true" box="[568,653,345,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
with the other Asiatic 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF849520492BFE96FBAEFE86" box="[893,1055,345,368]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF849520492BFE96FBAEFE86" box="[893,1055,345,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sporting very long beaks, regressed labial chaetotaxy, short anal spines and an apical swelling of the integument of Ant. IV. Information about 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204F67FEB6FA24FE66" box="[1329,1429,377,400]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204F67FEB6FA24FE66" box="[1329,1429,377,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except Ant. IV S-chaetae, supplied by J. I. Arbea (in litt.).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204B20FE03FF1EFDD0" blockId="5.[151,1436,345,619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204B20FE03FA90FE17" box="[374,1313,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204B20FE03FE56FE17" box="[374,487,460,481]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">S. gladiator</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF849520481CFE03FD19FE17" box="[586,680,460,481]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciconia">S. ciconia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204975FE03FC37FE17" box="[803,902,460,481]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">S. cornuta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF84952049A1FE03FBD0FE17" box="[1015,1121,460,481]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalica">S. nepalica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204E9DFE03FA90FE17" authority="Spines" authorityName="Spines" box="[1227,1313,460,481]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">S. similis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Spines on Ant. I and no no yes? no II
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204AC9FDF6FF4BFD9D" blockId="5.[151,1436,345,619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Dorsal S-chaetae on 7 7 ca. 10? 5-6 Ant. IV *</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204AC9FDB1FADEFCE8" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<table id="F912DEAAFF846ADA4AC1FDB1FA2DFCCD" box="[151,1436,638,827]" gridcols="5" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<tr id="35222E48FF846ADA4AC1FDB1FA2DFD38" box="[151,1436,638,718]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA4AC1FDB1FEE4FD38" box="[151,341,638,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Postantennal organ</th>
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA4B20FDB1FD95FD38" box="[374,548,638,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">roughly triangular with short stout lobes</th>
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA481CFDB1FD46FD38" box="[586,759,638,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">roughly triangular with short stout lobes</th>
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA4975FDB1FC73FD38" box="[803,962,638,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">X-shaped with 4 slender lobes</th>
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA49A1FDB1FA2DFD38" box="[1015,1436,638,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">4 slender lobes, two roughly triangular anterior aligned with short stout lobes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35222E48FF846ADA4AC1FD2EFA2DFD00" box="[151,1436,737,758]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA4AC1FD2EFEE4FD00" box="[151,341,737,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chaetae on labium</th>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA4B20FD2EFD95FD00" box="[374,548,737,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">3</td>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA481CFD2EFD46FD00" box="[586,759,737,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">3</td>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA4975FD2EFC73FD00" box="[803,962,737,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">1-3?</td>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA49A1FD2EFA2DFD00" box="[1015,1436,737,758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">4 3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35222E48FF846ADA4AC1FCC6FA2DFCCD" box="[151,1436,777,827]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76F34734FF846ADA4AC1FCC6FEE4FCCD" box="[151,341,777,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Size of postlabial chaetae</th>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA4B20FCC6FD95FCCD" box="[374,548,777,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">b4=b3&gt;&gt;b2=b1</td>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA481CFCC6FD46FCCD" box="[586,759,777,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">b4=b3&gt;b2=b1</td>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA4975FCC6FC73FCCD" box="[803,962,777,827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">?</td>
<td id="76F34734FF846ADA49A1FCC6FA2DFCCD" box="[1015,1436,777,827]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">b4&lt;&lt;b3&gt;b1=b2 b4&lt;&lt;b3&gt;&gt;b2=b1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204AC9FC81FF5CFC5F" blockId="5.[159,1387,846,937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<typeStatus id="54A992A8FF8495204AC9FC81FF7EFC95" box="[159,207,846,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
of mouthparts 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204B20FC81FE7AFC95" box="[374,459,846,867]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
superodontellian?? superodontellian Rows of chaetae on 3 3 3 2 3 Abd. IV
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204AC1FC06FD90FBF5" blockId="5.[151,1436,969,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
* The number of S-chaetae on Ant. IV given in the literature for 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF849520491FFC06FC5DFC16" box="[841,1004,969,992]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF849520491FFC06FC5DFC16" box="[841,1004,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species should be taken with caution, as explained in the text for 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204BCAFC23FDABFBF5" box="[412,538,1004,1027]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204BCAFC23FDABFBF5" box="[412,538,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204A90FBFAFBB4FB35" blockId="5.[151,1437,1077,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Another characteristic described in Sim Jui Eng’s work and apparently shared by 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204ED0FBFAFAA0FBB8" box="[1158,1297,1077,1102]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204ED0FBFAFAA0FBB8" box="[1158,1297,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the close imbrication of mandibles, fulcra and cardos (or stipes?) at the base of the buccal cone, from where the maxillae and mandibles elongate into the labial sheath. Unfortunately, we were unable to follow the projection of the faint mandibles in this sheath, if present, even at high magnification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204A90FB1FFDBAF94C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1077,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
Our observations on the structure of the labium on the slide were confirmed by scanning electron microscope, especially its three-dimensional shape and the rotation of the two hemilabia. The three chaetae are clearly visible. We hypothesize that they are E, F and G because in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204E42FAD2FB77FAC0" box="[1044,1222,1309,1334]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204E42FAD2FB77FAC0" box="[1044,1222,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an elongated beak, they are almost always present, and the last to regress. However, on such a modified labium, there is no way we could give them a definite name. The more distal spine-like structures on the labium could not be observed by SEM, probably because they are internal. A remarkable feature of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204E3CFA5EFB44FA5C" box="[1130,1269,1425,1450]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204E3CFA5EFB44FA5C" box="[1130,1269,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mouthparts is that they emerge from the head very ventrally, almost at its center. However, the stylet is still oriented straight ahead, owing to the presence of a groove in the clypeus into which it is sunk, as shown in 
<figureCitation id="1329308FFF8495204EB2FA11FA8CFA0E" box="[1252,1341,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[229,1344,207,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1345,194,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13, Superodontella gladiator sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs: 10, labium, ventral (scale 1 µm); 11, general ventral view (scale 100 µm); 12, right, slightly ventral side of Abd. V and VI showing the furca, right anal spine (AS) and coarse tegumentary granules (scale 10 µm); 13, Ocular plate showing peri-ocular groove and sunken postantennal organ (PAO) (scale 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189774/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
. Such a structure raises many questions concerning its function. Can it be orientated? Is this stylet used to pierce and suck, and if so, what? In fact, shorter mouthparts in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF849520496FF9E3FC5AF9B3" box="[825,1003,1580,1605]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF849520496FF9E3FC5AF9B3" box="[825,1003,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species also exhibit a posterior shift, but they emergence from the head less posteriorly––a character that was overlooked in previous studies. Such unusual morphological evolutions probably have a function in the feeding habits of the species concerned, which remains to be elucidated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD2C0AFF8495204A90F909FF46F819" blockId="5.[151,1437,1077,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
We have not named the three ventral S-chaetae of the fourth antennal segment because they do not fit into D’Haese’s (2003) unified system for chaetotaxic homologies in 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF84952049CCF922FBFEF8F1" box="[922,1103,1773,1799]" class="Entognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Poduromorpha</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204E2AF922FAB8F8F0" box="[1148,1289,1773,1798]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204E2AF922FAB8F8F0" box="[1148,1289,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">S. gladiator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as in many other 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204A88F8DBFE26F8DB" box="[222,407,1812,1837]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204A88F8DBFE26F8DB" box="[222,407,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, some chaetae on Ant. IV tend to be longer, blunt and more refringent than ordinary chaetae, looking like thin S-chaetae. Intermediate stages may be observed, making it sometimes difficult to distinguish them from true S-chaetae. These chaetae include those named mou-chaetae by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8351FBFF8495204AC1F847FECAF854" author="Deharveng" box="[151,379,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Deharveng, L. (1983) Morphologie evolutive des Collemboles Neanurinae en particulier de la lignee neanurienne. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 4, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1983">Deharveng (1983)</bibRefCitation>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204BF0F847FD87F854" box="[422,566,1928,1954]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neanurinae">Neanurinae</taxonomicName>
and the conspicuous, long, subapical macrochaeta present in several 
<taxonomicName id="4C125789FF8495204AC1F860FEFEF83E" box="[151,335,1967,1992]" class="Entognatha" family="Odontellidae" genus="Superodontella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966F018FF8495204AC1F860FEFEF83E" box="[151,335,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Superodontella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and other Poduromopha. In contrast, ordinary chaetae are consistently shorter and pointed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>