409 lines
61 KiB
XML
409 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="55B359033C93E9642176BF81717DDD47" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b3345cc-8e68-4748-b17a-a4045ea624b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="288113" ID-ZooBank="3371D5F0-26A4-400A-ABD7-3CD9B4B9403E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461009626447" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carbayo, Fernando & Almeida, Ana Laura" docDate="2015" docId="03BB795BFFD43D41FF07F5D396E7BA10" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03931p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3931 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cratera cuarassu Carbayo & Almeida, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FF820123FFD63D46FF90F63F950ABB0C" masterDocTitle="Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698566275391" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F94B3CC725B66DDD338E72E21013730">
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<mods:title id="5D8A2D7F229CCB69CD5F477253C6BA39">Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="28087371A50A813A5F6A347E1AC53004" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CCE471759D1183278C4F056906F5A2C9">Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FAFAABA3DCC660213BEDF24972854E00" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3559EDC14FFC58AAF1C7AC3F4EC01DAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EB958883C7881012DC1FFAEE0738DF1A">Almeida, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A946D1DC681326376120B2D4AC3AC03C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="071173E5EAAF1A4A5C0547769F2BED86">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6AEBE2EFE82CE15620F2028598D88765">
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<mods:date id="58DAF044AE70D396517A921F5931720F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1FA3EFEA724639C63A9C620B4BBE5A87">3931</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="44DEE3D22679855E6FAB7B6AC7F02B2A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F14E7AC41D7066CBE8ED94500C41AEC4" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b3345cc-8e68-4748-b17a-a4045ea624b1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7B65E90BFFE196F1CA4AEE9FD2B6095B" type="Zenodo-Dep">288113</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB795BFFD43D41FF07F5D396E7BA10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122737" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127686399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB795BFFD43D41FF07F5D396E7BA10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB795BFFD43D41FF07F5D396E7BA10" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD43D44FF07F5D394C7BF0B" box="[151,461,1004,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF07F5D394C7BF0B" blockId="2.[151,461,1004,1031]" box="[151,461,1004,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D0E57F21FFD43D44FF07F5D394C7BF0B" bold="true" box="[151,461,1004,1031]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF07F5D394C7BF0B" bold="true" box="[151,461,1004,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD43D44FF07F5D39462BF0A" ID-CoL="Z8QZ" box="[151,360,1004,1030]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF07F5D39462BF0A" bold="true" box="[151,360,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD43D44FEFFF5D294C7BF0B" box="[367,461,1005,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD43D44FF07F20B902BBF7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF07F20B902BBF7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF07F20B9414BF41" bold="true" box="[151,286,1076,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name
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<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD43D44FE32F20A970DBF40" box="[418,519,1077,1100]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FE32F20A970DBF40" box="[418,519,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">cuarassu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a free composition of the Tupi (indigenous Brazilian language) words
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FACBF20A9096BF40" box="[1371,1436,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">cuara</emphasis>
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(meaning
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FE97F267943DBF7C" box="[263,311,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">hole</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FED6F2669473BF7C" box="[326,377,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">cave</emphasis>
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) and
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FE29F26694E1BF7C" box="[441,491,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">assu</emphasis>
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(meaning
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FDF2F2679796BF7C" box="[610,668,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">large</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD43D44FD33F268966ABF7C" author="Tibirica" box="[675,864,1111,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Tibirica, L. C. (1984) Dicionario Tupi-Portugues. Traco ed., Sao Paulo, 200 pp." type="book" year="1984">(Tibiriçá, 1984))</bibRefCitation>
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. It refers to the large intra-penial cavity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD43D44FF57F243977CBDF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF57F2439775BD81" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF57F2439465BF99" bold="true" box="[199,367,1148,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FF57F2439408BF99" box="[199,258,1148,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
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material
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</emphasis>
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. All specimens were collected in areas covered with Atlantic forest in the Parque Estadual do Desengano, Santa Maria Madalena, State of Rio de Janeiro,
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<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFD43D44FC53F2A09100BFB4" box="[963,1034,1183,1208]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, by Júlio Pedroni
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FA81F29E9053BFB4" box="[1297,1369,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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(see Acknowledgements).
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FE1FF2FB94FDBFD1" box="[399,503,1220,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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PL 348 (field number, F2189): (S 2152'36'', W 4155'11'').
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<date id="FFACEE8DFFD43D44FB0BF2FB903BBFD0" box="[1179,1329,1220,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2008-03-18">18/Mar/2008</date>
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. Anterior end: sagittal sections on 5 slides; portion containing ovaries: sagittal sections on 64 slides; body region posterior to ovaries: horizontal sections on 27 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 20 slides; pharynx: sagittal sections on 40 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 76 slides.
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FC49F30F9131BE44" box="[985,1083,1328,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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PL 349 (field number, F2191): (S 2152'17'', W 4154'53'').
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<date id="FFACEE8DFFD43D44FE57F36B9754BE60" box="[455,606,1364,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2008-03-17">17/Mar/2008</date>
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. Portion containing ovaries: horizontal sections on 31 slides; body region posterior to ovaries: sagittal sections on 57 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 17 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 70 slides.
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FC91F3A29669BEB9" box="[769,867,1437,1461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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PL 350 (field number, F2192): (S 2152'36'', W 4155'11'').
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<date id="FFACEE8DFFD43D44FE82F3FF94A2BED4" box="[274,424,1472,1496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2008-03-18">18/Mar/2008</date>
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. Anterior end: horizontal sections on 3 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 12 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 82 slides.
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FBBDF3DA9185BEF1" box="[1069,1167,1509,1533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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PL 351 (field number, F2193): (S 2152'36'', W 4155'11'').
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<date id="FFACEE8DFFD43D44FDDEF03797EFBD2C" box="[590,741,1544,1568]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2008-03-18">18/Mar/2008</date>
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. Pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections on 32 slides; copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 45 slides.
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FC9FF012967BBD49" box="[783,881,1581,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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PL 809 (field number, F4074):
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<date id="FFACEE8DFFD43D44FA91F0139093BD48" box="[1281,1433,1580,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2009-08-13">13/Aug/2009</date>
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. Incompletely mature. Pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 6 slides.
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FB1FF06F91FBBD64" box="[1167,1265,1616,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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PL 805 (field number, F4006): Preserved in 80% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF57F0A891E3BDBC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" box="[199,1257,1687,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF57F0A8946ABDBC" bold="true" box="[199,352,1687,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type-locality</emphasis>
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. Parque Estadual do Desengano, municipality Santa Maria Madalena/RJ,
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<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFD43D44FB0DF0A891EFBDBC" box="[1181,1253,1687,1712]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF57F083961CBDD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" box="[199,790,1724,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF57F0839449BDD9" bold="true" box="[199,323,1724,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD43D44FEC1F08394B5BDD8" box="[337,447,1724,1748]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FEC1F08394B5BDD8" box="[337,447,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Geoplana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFD43D44FE7DF0839713BDD9" box="[493,537,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD43D44FD8FF0839618BDD8" box="[543,786,1724,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, C. T., Marques, F. P. L. Froehlich, E. M. & Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 828. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article">
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Carbayo
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FD15F08297B7BDD8" box="[645,701,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF57F0DF977CBDF4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" box="[199,630,1759,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD43D44FF57F0DF942ABDFB" box="[199,288,1760,1783]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF57F0DF942ABDFB" box="[199,288,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Cratera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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||
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFD43D44FEDDF0E09472BDF4" box="[333,376,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD43D44FEEFF0E09778BDF4" box="[383,626,1759,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, C. T., Marques, F. P. L. Froehlich, E. M. & Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 828. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article">
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Carbayo
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FE75F0DE9717BDF4" box="[485,541,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD43D40FF57F13B9638BEB7" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF57F13B975ABC84" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF57F13B944BBC11" bold="true" box="[199,321,1796,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The species is distinguished from its congeners by its black blue dorsum with submarginal zinc yellow stripe. The peculiar shape of the male organs, i.e., a very short and wide penis papilla projecting vertically downwards from the roof of the male atrium, and possessing a large intra-penial cavity, readily distinguishes this from any other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD43D44FE2AF1509741BC84" box="[442,587,1903,1928]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD43D44FF57F1AB9024BCF9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1076,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966145FFFD43D44FF57F1AB948ABCA1" bold="true" box="[199,384,1940,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">External aspect</emphasis>
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. Only the
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<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD43D44FE65F1AA975FBCA1" box="[501,597,1941,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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PL 805 was measured in life, reaching
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<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFD43D44FB9DF1AB915ABCA0" box="[1037,1104,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
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in length and
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<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFD43D44FB7EF1AB9030BCA0" box="[1262,1338,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
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in width at maximum extension (
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<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD43D44FE33F18794EEBCDC" box="[419,484,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1197,1220]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,481,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[240,1347,481,1177]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. (1) living paratype PL 805 creeping in dorsal view. About 60 mm in length. (2) living paratype PL 805 in ventral view. (3) fixed holotype on a millimetered paper after cutting off a piece of the central body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288114/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). After fixation adults measured 7 to 11 centimeters in length. Body margins parallel, anterior end rounded, posterior one pointed. Dorsum convex-flat, ventral side flat,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFD43D44FBA5F1E391B7BCF8" box="[1077,1213,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.0">1 to 1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF57F6A8968ABA10" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Dorsal color black blue with a submarginal zinc yellow stripe on each side of the body. The stripes have 1/9th of body width, running from nearly the anterior tip of the body to the posterior end. Ventral side light ivory, becoming brown beige in the anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD53D45FDE7F6E097B6BBF4" box="[631,700,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1197,1220]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,481,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[240,1347,481,1177]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. (1) living paratype PL 805 creeping in dorsal view. About 60 mm in length. (2) living paratype PL 805 in ventral view. (3) fixed holotype on a millimetered paper after cutting off a piece of the central body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288114/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). After fixation, colors of dorsal and ventral side faded and a faint graphite black dark midline of the dorsurn became visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD53D45FCBDF73B967BBA10" box="[813,881,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1197,1220]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,481,1176]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[240,1347,481,1177]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. (1) living paratype PL 805 creeping in dorsal view. About 60 mm in length. (2) living paratype PL 805 in ventral view. (3) fixed holotype on a millimetered paper after cutting off a piece of the central body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288114/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF57F717909CBAA1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
In the six, fixed mature specimens, the mouth lies at a distance from anterior tip equal to 69–76% (mean 70%) of body length; the gonopore, 78–86% (mean 82%). The eyes are of the pigmented-cup
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD53D45FB2EF77291FBBA69" box="[1214,1265,333,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, 35–40 µm in diameter, surrounded by clean halos, and arranged marginally from the very anterior tip of the body to the posterior end. They are distributed in an irregular row consisting of one to three eyes in the black-blue colored body margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFD53D45FF07F2929099BFEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288114/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[240,1347,481,1176]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF07F2929099BFEF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1197,1251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD53D45FF07F2929436BFCF" bold="true" box="[151,316,1197,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD53D45FED4F29094F3BFC8" box="[324,505,1199,1220]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD53D45FED4F29094F3BFC8" box="[324,505,1199,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD53D45FD91F290975EBFC8" box="[513,596,1199,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD53D45FD91F290975EBFC8" bold="true" box="[513,596,1199,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(1) living paratype PL 805 creeping in dorsal view. About 60 mm in length. (2) living paratype PL 805 in ventral view. (3) fixed holotype on a millimetered paper after cutting off a piece of the central body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF57F3359463BE67" blockId="3.[151,1436,1290,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD53D45FF57F33594CABE2F" bold="true" box="[199,448,1290,1315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Internal morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. The sensory pits are simple invaginations 35 µm deep, located ventro-marginally in a single row in the anterior third of the body. The width of the creeping sole is 90% of body width at the prepharyngeal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF57F34991A6BDA3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1290,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The conspicuous glandular margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD53D45FDCAF3499794BE83" box="[602,670,1398,1423]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs of the holotype. (4) micrograph of the glandular margin of holotype in a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. (5) micrograph of the ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line indicates decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (6) micrograph of a detail of ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line delimits the decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (7) micrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx of the holotype. Anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288115/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) is constituted by very abundant gland cells containing xanthophilic granules and scarce gland cells containing cyanophilic granules. The cutaneous musculature comprises the three typical layers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD53D45FEC5F38194E9BEDB" box="[341,483,1470,1495]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same way throughout the body, i.e., a subepithelial circular layer followed by two diagonal layers with decussate fibers, and then a longitudinal layer with fibers arranged in bundles of 43–73 fibers each. The longitudinal fibers lying immediately under the decussate fibers do not run in the anteroposterior axis of the body, but slightly obliquely to the body margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD53D45FCD1F01596A5BD4F" box="[833,943,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs of the holotype. (4) micrograph of the glandular margin of holotype in a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. (5) micrograph of the ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line indicates decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (6) micrograph of a detail of ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line delimits the decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (7) micrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx of the holotype. Anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288115/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The thickness of cutaneous muscle ranges from 6% to 14% (mean 10%) to body height in the pre-pharyngeal region. The three common geoplaninid parenchymal muscle layers, all well developed, are present throughout the body: a dorsal layer of diagonal decussate fibers, a transverse supraintestinal layer, and a transverse subintestinal one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD53D45FBCAF0A99194BDA3" box="[1114,1182,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs of the holotype. (4) micrograph of the glandular margin of holotype in a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. (5) micrograph of the ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line indicates decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (6) micrograph of a detail of ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line delimits the decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (7) micrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx of the holotype. Anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288115/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF57F08597B0BC33" blockId="3.[151,1436,1290,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The mouth lies in the middle of the pharyngeal pouch. The bell-shaped pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD53D45FBC8F0859191BDDF" box="[1112,1179,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1086,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs of the holotype. (4) micrograph of the glandular margin of holotype in a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. (5) micrograph of the ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line indicates decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (6) micrograph of a detail of ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line delimits the decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (7) micrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx of the holotype. Anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288115/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) occupies about 2/3 of the pharyngeal pouch. An esophagus is absent. The pouch is lined by a flat ciliated epithelium, surrounded by a thin muscle layer of longitudinal muscle. Three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD53D45FD3DF13C97E2BC17" box="[685,744,1795,1819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of glands (erythrophilic, xanthophilic and scarce cyanophilic) secrete through the distal pharyngeal epithelium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD53D45FF57F1759145BCA7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1290,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">The outer and inner pharyngeal epithelia are flat, ciliated. The outer epithelium is underlain by a layer of longitudinal muscle (15 µm) followed by a layer of circular muscle (45 µm); the inner epithelium is underlain by a layer of circular muscle (60 µm) followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle (10 µm).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFD23D42FF07F2019705BFE2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288115/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD23D42FF07F2019705BFE2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1086,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD23D42FF07F2019430BF58" bold="true" box="[151,314,1086,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FIGURES 4–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD23D42FED0F20094F8BF59" box="[320,498,1087,1109]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD23D42FED0F20094F8BF59" box="[320,498,1087,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD23D42FE68F2009742BF58" box="[504,584,1087,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD23D42FE68F2009742BF58" bold="true" box="[504,584,1087,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Micrographs of the holotype. (4) micrograph of the glandular margin of holotype in a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. (5) micrograph of the ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line indicates decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (6) micrograph of a detail of ventral cutaneous musculature tangentially cut in a horizontal section. Red line indicates longitudinal fibers; the pinkish line delimits the decussate fibers. Anterior to the bottom. (7) micrograph of a sagittal section of the pharynx of the holotype. Anterior to the right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD23D42FF57F32A9476BC9E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1301,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The testes are dorsal, located between the supraintestinal parenchymal muscle layer and the intestine, extending posteriad to ovaries (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFD23D42FE6EF3059748BE5D" box="[510,578,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD23D42FD03F30697F2BE5E" box="[659,760,1337,1362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 8% of body length) to nearly level with dorsal pharyngeal insertion. The sperm ducts run immediately above the subintestinal muscle layer. Each sperm duct communicates with the anterior tip of the respective branch of the very long, canalicular prostatic vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD23D42FB3DF3BE905FBE96" box="[1197,1365,1409,1434]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1656,1679]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1077,1100]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,445,1635]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,301,1056]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1635]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[154,1434,301,1057]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Holotype. Anterior to the right. (8 – 9) micrographs of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (10) micrograph of a detail of the large cavity within the penis papilla of the holotype. (11) micrograph of a parasagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (12) micrograph of the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium of the holotype in a sagittal section. (13) diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus of the holotype from sagittal sections." captionText-1="FIGURES 14 – 17. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs. (14) common glandular duct and female atrium of the paratype F 2192 in a sagittal section. Anterior to the right. (15) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the small cavity into which opens the ejaculatory duct. (16) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium. Anterior to the right. (17) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the paratype PL 809, incompletely developed. Anterior to the left." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288116/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288117/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figs. 8, 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||
). This vesicle runs posteriorly, gradually inclined dorsad, and subsequently penetrates the dorso-anterior aspect of the common muscle coat and continues posteriorly to nearly level with the gonopore. The epithelium of the prostatic vesicle is lined with a ciliated, columnar to cuboidal epithelium, pierced by numerous openings of gland cells containing erythrophilic granules. It is underlain by a layer of nearly longitudinal muscles. The ejaculatory duct is a sinuous, descending canal, lined with a cuboidal epithelium, opening into a small 700-µm-long proximal cavity at the base of a large, distal intra-penial cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD23D42FD06F066966FBD7E" box="[662,869,1625,1650]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1656,1679]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1077,1100]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,445,1635]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,301,1056]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1635]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[154,1434,301,1057]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Holotype. Anterior to the right. (8 – 9) micrographs of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (10) micrograph of a detail of the large cavity within the penis papilla of the holotype. (11) micrograph of a parasagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (12) micrograph of the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium of the holotype in a sagittal section. (13) diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus of the holotype from sagittal sections." captionText-1="FIGURES 14 – 17. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs. (14) common glandular duct and female atrium of the paratype F 2192 in a sagittal section. Anterior to the right. (15) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the small cavity into which opens the ejaculatory duct. (16) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium. Anterior to the right. (17) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the paratype PL 809, incompletely developed. Anterior to the left." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288116/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288117/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figs. 9–11, 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||
). This distal cavity is laterally compressed, and 4- mm long. The penis is of the protrusible
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD23D42FDCDF041979BBD9A" box="[605,657,1662,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. The proximal cavity is lined with a non-ciliated epithelium underlain by a layer of circular muscles. It is pierced by scarce gland cells producing xanthophilic granules. The distal cavity is lined with a ciliated, apically erythrophilic epithelium, the free surface of which is sinuous. This epithelium is pierced by openings of numerous gland cells containing xanthophilic granules. Additionally, two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD23D42FB69F0D5903EBC0E" box="[1273,1332,1770,1794]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of gland cells discharge their secretion into the cavity, those producing pale-cyanophilic granules pierce the intermediate portion of the epithelium; those producing cyanophilic large granules pierce the distal portion of the cavity. The epithelium of this large cavity is surrounded by a subepithelial layer of circular muscle, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD23D43FF57F1A29098BA84" blockId="4.[151,1437,1301,2010]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The penis papilla is short and much widened along the longitudinal axis of the body. It projects vertically downwards from the roof of the male atrium, even in incompletely mature specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD23D42FBF2F1FE91BFBCD6" box="[1122,1205,1985,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1077,1100]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,301,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1434,301,1057]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs. (14) common glandular duct and female atrium of the paratype F 2192 in a sagittal section. Anterior to the right. (15) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the small cavity into which opens the ejaculatory duct. (16) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium. Anterior to the right. (17) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the paratype PL 809, incompletely developed. Anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288117/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly inclined to the right. The penis papilla is covered with a nucleated, ciliated epithelium transversed by gland cells containing xanthophilic granules. It is underlain with a subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscles. The penis bulb is well muscularized, comprising decussated fibers. The penis papilla fills almost all the male atrium, this having two conspicuous, horizontal folds that encircle the papilla. Anteriorly, these folds may be divided into 3–5 minor folds. The folds are covered with a ciliated, apically erythrophilic epithelium, through which sparsely scattered xanthophilic glands discharge, and is underlain by a subepithelial thin layer of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscles. The gonopore lies in the middle of the male atrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFD33D43FF07F04797FABC06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1635]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD33D43FF07F04797FABC06" blockId="5.[151,1437,1656,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD33D43FF07F0479440BD82" bold="true" box="[151,330,1656,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">FIGURES 8–13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD33D43FEC3F0459702BD83" box="[339,520,1658,1679]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD33D43FEC3F0459702BD83" box="[339,520,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD33D43FD81F046976FBD82" box="[529,613,1657,1678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD33D43FD81F046976FBD82" bold="true" box="[529,613,1657,1678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype. Anterior to the right. (8–9) micrographs of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (10) micrograph of a detail of the large cavity within the penis papilla of the holotype. (11) micrograph of a parasagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (12) micrograph of the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium of the holotype in a sagittal section. (13) diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus of the holotype from sagittal sections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD33D40FF57F109900ABBF4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1846,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The ovaries are ellipsoid, ~300 µm in diameter. They are located immediately above the ventral nerve plate, at a distance from the anterior tip equal to 21% of body length. The ovovitelline ducts arise from the dorso-external side of the ovaries, and run backwards above the ventral nerve plate, externally to the sperm ducts. The ovovitelline ducts pass posteriorly and in the proflex condition with dorsal approach, unite with the female genital duct. The ovovitelline ducts join each other to form the common glandular ovovitelline duct. This duct opens into the genital female canal, a C-shaped duct in lateral view. It is slightly dilated in the intermediate portion; the distal portion runs forwards ventrally to open into the posterior region of the female atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFD03D40FC45F6839183BBD9" box="[981,1161,188,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1656,1679]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1077,1100]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,445,1635]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,301,1056]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1635]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[154,1434,301,1057]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 – 13. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Holotype. Anterior to the right. (8 – 9) micrographs of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (10) micrograph of a detail of the large cavity within the penis papilla of the holotype. (11) micrograph of a parasagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (12) micrograph of the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium of the holotype in a sagittal section. (13) diagrammatic reconstruction of copulatory apparatus of the holotype from sagittal sections." captionText-1="FIGURES 14 – 17. Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. Micrographs. (14) common glandular duct and female atrium of the paratype F 2192 in a sagittal section. Anterior to the right. (15) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the small cavity into which opens the ejaculatory duct. (16) sagittal section of the paratype F 2192 showing the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium. Anterior to the right. (17) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the paratype PL 809, incompletely developed. Anterior to the left." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288116/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288117/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Figs. 12–14, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The female atrium is a dorso-ventrally compressed, narrow cavity. The length of the female atrium: male atrium ratio is 1:6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFD03D40FF07F20A94DABFCB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288117/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[154,1433,301,1056]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD03D40FF07F20A94DABFCB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1077,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FF07F20A945CBF47" bold="true" box="[151,342,1077,1100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 14–17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FECEF2089719BF40" box="[350,531,1079,1100]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FECEF2089719BF40" box="[350,531,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD03D40FD8CF2099765BF47" box="[540,623,1078,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FD8CF2099765BF47" bold="true" box="[540,623,1078,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Micrographs. (14) common glandular duct and female atrium of the paratype F2192 in a sagittal section. Anterior to the right. (15) sagittal section of the paratype F2192 showing the small cavity into which opens the ejaculatory duct. (16) sagittal section of the paratype F2192 showing the genital female canal and posterior aspect of the female atrium. Anterior to the right. (17) sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the paratype PL 809, incompletely developed. Anterior to the left.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD03D40FF57F2D19638BEB7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1262,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Ovovitelline ducts and common glandular ovovitelline duct are lined with a columnar, ciliated epithelium. The female genital canal is lined with an apically erythrophilic epithelium, pierced by gland cells containing cyanophilic fine granules. It is ciliated only in the portion close to the common glandular ovovitelline duct. The epithelial cells lining the dilated portion are taller and have the free surface sinuous. The female atrium is lined with a flat, non-ciliated erythrophilic epithelium, pierced with scarce openings of glands secreting fine cyanophilic granules, and surrounded by a thin layer of circular muscle.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD03D41FF57F3F996E7BA10" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD03D40FF57F3F99457BD9F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1262,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FF57F3F9943EBED3" bold="true" box="[199,308,1478,1503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Among the geoplaninids, the external aspect of living specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FBD5F3F89001BED2" box="[1093,1291,1479,1502]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FBD5F3F89001BED2" box="[1093,1291,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD03D40FA83F3F99067BED3" box="[1299,1389,1478,1503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FA83F3F99067BED3" bold="true" box="[1299,1389,1478,1503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be confounded with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FEEDF3D59720BD0E" box="[381,554,1514,1538]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FEEDF3D59720BD0E" box="[381,554,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Imbira marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter species is widely distributed across the Atlantic forest of Southeast and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFD03D40FE83F0319450BD2B" box="[275,346,1550,1575]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FE04F0309751BD2A" box="[404,603,1551,1574]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FE04F0309751BD2A" box="[404,603,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD03D40FDF4F03197CABD2B" box="[612,704,1550,1575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FDF4F03197CABD2B" bold="true" box="[612,704,1550,1575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FD6AF03196A3BD2A" box="[762,937,1550,1574]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FD6AF03196A3BD2A" box="[762,937,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Imbira marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not sympatric.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FB19F031903DBD2A" box="[1161,1335,1550,1574]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Imbira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FB19F031903DBD2A" box="[1161,1335,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Imbira marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays several patterns in the color of the dorsum which differentiate it from that of the new species, and even in the most similar combination of color and pattern its lateral yellow stripes are half or less in width than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FAD3F06895F6BD9E" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FAD3F06895F6BD9E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD03D40FE93F0459457BD9F" box="[259,349,1658,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FE93F0459457BD9F" bold="true" box="[259,349,1658,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD03D40FF57F0A0902FBDF3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1262,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Among the current 23 genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FDA2F0A197C8BDBB" box="[562,706,1694,1719]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species matches only the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FAACF0A0909FBDBA" box="[1340,1429,1695,1718]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FAACF0A0909FBDBA" box="[1340,1429,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, excepting in one feature. The cavity into which the ejaculatory duct opens does not occupy only the apical portion of the penis papilla but extends inwards to the base of the papilla, resulting in a large intra-penial cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD03D40FF57F13591DCBC82" blockId="6.[151,1437,1262,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
This large intra-penial cavity and the remarkably vertical projection from the roof of the male atrium of the papilla are characters that distinguish the new species from the others of the genus, even from any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FF07F16D9422BC67" box="[151,296,1874,1899]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our decision about placing the species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FC9CF16D966FBC65" box="[780,869,1874,1897]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FC9CF16D966FBC65" box="[780,869,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by molecular data shown in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD03D40FAADF16D942EBC83" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, C. T., Marques, F. P. L. Froehlich, E. M. & Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 828. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FF07F14895C5BC82" box="[151,207,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; the new species forms part of a clade constituted exclusively by species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FBE6F14891C5BC82" box="[1142,1231,1911,1934]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FBE6F14891C5BC82" box="[1142,1231,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Cratera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD03D41FF57F1A596E7BA10" blockId="6.[151,1437,1262,2007]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The presumed torsion of the penis papilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FD7CF1A59672BCBE" box="[748,888,1946,1970]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FD7CF1A59672BCBE" box="[748,888,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">C. cuarassu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
results in a morphological deviation from its congeners, and thus it resembles geoplaninids of other genera, viz.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D40FC24F180902EBCDB" authority="Schirch, 1929" authorityName="Schirch" authorityYear="1929" box="[948,1316,1982,2007]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Issoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rezendei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D40FC24F180916FBCDA" box="[948,1125,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Issoca rezendei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD03D40FBE7F1819016BCDB" author="Schirch" box="[1143,1308,1982,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Schirch, P. (1929) Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 5, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1929">Schirch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD03D41FAA4F1809720BBBC" authority="Jones & Sterrer, 2005" authorityName="Jones & Sterrer" authorityYear="2005" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Gigantea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gouvernoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD03D41FAA4F180941DBBA3" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Gigantea gouvernoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FEB3F6A79720BBBC" author="Jones" box="[291,554,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Jones, H. D. & Sterrer, W. (2005) Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, with three new species) and nemertines of Bermuda. Zootaxa, 1001, 31 - 58." type="journal article" year="2005">Jones & Sterrer, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the following Peruvian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FB9AF6A79172BBBC" box="[1034,1144,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FB9AF6A79172BBBC" box="[1034,1144,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Geoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed as
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FB62F6A7946BBBD8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
|
||
incertae sedis;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FF07F683946BBBD8" box="[151,353,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cantuta">Geoplana cantuta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
du
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FE1CF68397D0BBD9" author="Bois-Reymond" box="[396,730,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. du (1951) On South American geoplanids. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 217 - 255. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988" type="journal article" year="1951">Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FD76F6839655BBD8" box="[742,863,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chalona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FD76F6839655BBD8" box="[742,863,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G. chalona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
du
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FC1CF68391D3BBD9" author="Bois-Reymond" box="[908,1241,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. du (1951) On South American geoplanids. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 217 - 255. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988" type="journal article" year="1951">Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FB76F6839072BBD8" box="[1254,1400,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gabriellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FB76F6839072BBD8" box="[1254,1400,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G. gabriellae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
du
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FF07F6E094E9BBF4" author="Bois-Reymond" box="[151,483,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. du (1951) On South American geoplanids. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 217 - 255. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988" type="journal article" year="1951">Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FE7EF6DF9760BBF4" box="[494,618,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G. l a m b a y a</emphasis>
|
||
du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1958,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FC7EF6DF916DBBF4" box="[1006,1127,224,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quichua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FC7EF6DF916DBBF4" box="[1006,1127,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G. quichua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
du
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FB01F6E095DBBA11" author="Bois-Reymond" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. du (1951) On South American geoplanids. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 16, 217 - 255. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988" type="journal article" year="1951">Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FF4DF73B9440BA10" box="[221,330,260,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="shapra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FF4DF73B9440BA10" box="[221,330,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G. shapra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
du
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FEE3F73B97B7BA11" author="Bois-Reymond" box="[371,701,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. du (1957) On Turbellaria. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 29 (1), 153 - 159." type="journal article" year="1957">Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFD13D41FD68F73B96EBBA10" author="Carbayo" box="[760,993,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Carbayo, F., Alvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, C. T., Marques, F. P. L. Froehlich, E. M. & Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508 - 828. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12019" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Carbayo
|
||
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FCCEF73A969CBA10" box="[862,918,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |