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<document id="CB82C41B6FEA99196661BCD9EC82EAA4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b3345cc-8e68-4748-b17a-a4045ea624b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="288113" ID-ZooBank="3371D5F0-26A4-400A-ABD7-3CD9B4B9403E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461009626447" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carbayo, Fernando &amp; Almeida, Ana Laura" docDate="2015" docId="03BB795BFFD13D4AFF07F2C09000BE3C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03931p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3931 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cratera anamariae Carbayo, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF820123FFD63D46FF90F63F950ABB0C" masterDocTitle="Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698566275391" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="40D2F5C392F2B040A1912AB8DE2D6C9A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="738C1A38B74B691BB5CE2C7A307CEA73">
<mods:title id="5730C20F3B6F22DAAA70CF5E68506DDF">Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36FCB5486D2C57C3C47AEC0F4E1032DD">Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F78C75F41B7496847D25B2EA555953FF">Almeida, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="42F42BE51BB20F7B0C2B76E4D9193113">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="06123E578F7CE46AE9204FE6517E01C0">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DD642D27D6A5C36610AE09B499D2808F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F1E0F7ABD700D6CA5C3340527837EC5D">3931</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="37988D9802749097161C421781CEC821" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="796B026E7B52EA9857E254624F716861" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b3345cc-8e68-4748-b17a-a4045ea624b1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DEB7FACDB2F93C0A88378CDF1913ECA0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BB795BFFD13D4AFF07F2C09000BE3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122739" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127686400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122739" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB795BFFD13D4AFF07F2C09000BE3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB795BFFD13D4AFF07F2C09000BE3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD13D41FF07F2C09754BE16" box="[151,606,1279,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD13D41FF07F2C09754BE16" blockId="7.[151,606,1279,1306]" box="[151,606,1279,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0E57F21FFD13D41FF07F2C09754BE16" bold="true" box="[151,606,1279,1306]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FF07F2C09754BE16" bold="true" box="[151,606,1279,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFD13D41FF07F2C094F9BE16" ID-CoL="Z8QX" authority="Carbayo" authorityName="Carbayo" box="[151,499,1279,1306]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FF07F2C09477BE15" bold="true" box="[151,381,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Cratera anamariae</emphasis>
Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFD13D41FD90F33F9754BE16" box="[512,606,1280,1306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD13D41FF07F3799113BE8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD13D41FF07F3799113BE8F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1350,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FF07F379941CBE53" bold="true" box="[151,278,1350,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name pays homage to Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFD13D41FEE1F35594B0BE8F" box="[369,442,1386,1411]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), for her contribution to the knowledge of the triclads.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFD13D41FF57F3B1900CBCD6" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD13D41FF57F3B197DCBCBA" blockId="7.[151,1437,1350,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FF57F3B1947FBEAB" bold="true" box="[199,373,1422,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FF57F3B19408BEAB" box="[199,258,1422,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
All specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, municipality of Teresópolis/ RJ,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFD13D41FF54F38A9402BEC2" box="[196,264,1461,1486]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
by F. Carbayo
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FE28F38994FBBEC1" box="[440,497,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FE69F38A976BBEC2" box="[505,609,1461,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
PL 1567 (field number, F2557): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FC74F3899161BEC2" box="[996,1131,1458,1486]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-22.455278">S 22o27'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FBE7F3899000BEC2" box="[1143,1290,1458,1486]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-42.9975">W 42o59'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FA8FF38A9092BEC2" box="[1311,1432,1461,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2008-07-08">8/Jul/2008</date>
. Anterior end: sagittal sections on 12 slides; portion containing testes: horizontal sections on 10 slides; prepharyngeal region: transverse sections of 7 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 23 slides. Paraype PL 1566 (field number, F1337): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FDE2F01A97F2BD31" box="[626,760,1569,1597]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-22.455278">S 22o27'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FC94F01A969CBD31" box="[772,918,1569,1597]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-42.9975">W 42o59'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FC3BF01A9135BD31" box="[939,1087,1573,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2007-12-19">19/Dez/2007</date>
. Anterior end: sagittal sections on 16 slides; portion containing the ovaries: horizontal sections on 10 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections of 2 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 35 slides.
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FB14F05291ECBD89" box="[1156,1254,1645,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
PL 1571 (field number, F2605): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FEF6F0AC94E6BDA7" box="[358,492,1679,1707]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-22.455278">S 22o27'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FE6AF0AB9787BDA0" box="[506,653,1679,1708]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-42.9975">W 42o59'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FD33F0AC9621BDA0" box="[675,811,1683,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2008-07-13">13/Jul/2008</date>
. Anterior end: horizontal sections on 5 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 40 slides.
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FC9FF085967BBDDE" box="[783,881,1722,1746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
PL 1568 (field number, F2559): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FB60F085907FBDDE" box="[1264,1397,1718,1746]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-22.455278">S 22o27'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FA12F085940CBDF5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-42.9975">W 42o59'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FE8FF0DF9493BDF5" box="[287,409,1760,1785]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2008-07-08">8/Jul/2008</date>
. Copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 26 slides.
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FB89F0DE9171BDF5" box="[1049,1147,1761,1785]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
PL 1570 (field number, F2595): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FE90F137948CBC2C" box="[256,390,1796,1824]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-22.455278">S 22o27'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FE03F137972FBC2C" box="[403,549,1796,1824]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-42.9975">W 42o59'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FDAAF13897BEBC2C" box="[570,692,1799,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2008-07-08">8/Jul/2008</date>
. Copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 13 slides.
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FA81F1379079BC2C" box="[1297,1395,1800,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
PL 1572 (field number, F4190): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FE6DF1109797BC4B" box="[509,669,1835,1863]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="-22.456417">S 22o27'23.1&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FD3FF1109656BC4B" box="[687,860,1835,1863]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="-42.99514">W 42o59'42.5&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FCE5F11196FEBC4B" box="[885,1012,1838,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2010-01-06">6/Jan/2010</date>
. Pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 11 slides.
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFD13D41FE7BF1699747BC62" box="[491,589,1878,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
PL 1569 (field number, F2594): (
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FC44F16A9151BC61" box="[980,1115,1873,1901]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-22.455278">S 22o27'19&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE26AE8AFFD13D41FBF8F16991F1BC61" box="[1128,1275,1873,1901]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="15" value="-42.9975">W 42o59'51&quot;</geoCoordinate>
).
<date id="FFACEE8DFFD13D41FA81F16B9092BC61" box="[1297,1432,1876,1901]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2008-07-10">10/Jul/2008</date>
. Anterior end: sagittal sections on 32 slides; pre-pharyngeal region: transverse sections of 6 slides; pharynx and copulatory apparatus: sagittal sections on 28 slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFD13D41FF57F1FE900CBCD6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1350,2010]" box="[199,1286,1985,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFD13D41FF57F1FE946ABCD6" bold="true" box="[199,352,1985,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Type-locality</emphasis>
. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFD13D41FB2AF1FE9008BCD6" box="[1210,1282,1985,2010]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFDE3D4DFF57F6A8917EBD33" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDE3D4EFF57F6A8912CBBF4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDE3D4EFF57F6A8944BBBBC" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: yellow dorsum with two, sometimes four longitudinal dark stripes; cylindrical pharynx, with the dorsal and ventral insertion in the same transverse plane; and an anteriorly-narrowed female atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDE3D4EFF57F73B970EB930" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDE3D4EFF57F73B9489BA11" bold="true" box="[199,387,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">External aspect</emphasis>
. At rest the adults are up to
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDE3D4EFD5BF73B960EBA10" box="[715,772,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDE3D4EFC3AF73B96E9BA10" box="[938,995,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in width. The body is lanceolate, with both ends pointed. The body is about
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDE3D4EFDC3F717979DBA33" box="[595,663,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in height. When creeping its movement is smooth. The dorsum is convex, the ventral side flat. The ground color is luminous yellow or sulfur yellow, with two paramedian black stripes with 1/9th to 1/5th of the body width (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDE3D4EFD33F7509624BA84" box="[675,814,367,392]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 18 – 21" captionStart-1="FIGURES 22 – 24" captionStartId-0="7.[151,264,1120,1143]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1436,339,1099]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1057,1925]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,339,1099]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,1057,1925]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 18 – 21. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Living specimens. (18) holotype, about 30 mm in length. (19) partial view of the ventral side of the holotype. (20) dorsal view of paratype PL 1566, about 35 mm in length. (21) dorsal view of paratype PL 1568, about 35 mm in length." captionText-1="FIGURES 22 – 24. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. (22) living paratype PL 1570, about 30 mm in length. (23) wounded paratype PL 1572, as found in nature. (24) anterior end of paratype PL 1570 in ethanol." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288118/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288119/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Figs. 18–23</figureCitation>
). The stripes are thinner towards the ends of the body, joining each other anteriorly. The dorsum between these stripes may be cream colored or light pink. The margins of the anteriormost
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDE3D4EFEC6F7889492BAC3" box="[342,408,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
are black. Two submarginal, black brown stripes may also be present throughout the body. The ventral side is cream in color, becoming dark along the margins of the anteriormost
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDE3D4EFB03F7E391D3BAF8" box="[1171,1241,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. In the six fixed, mature specimens, the mouth lies at a distance from anterior tip equal to 70–80% (mean 77%) of body length; the gonopore, 84–94% (mean 89%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDE3D4EFF57F47897CBB9C1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
The eyes are of the pigmented-cup
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFDE3D4EFDF1F477979EB96C" box="[609,660,584,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
, 35 µm in diameter. They are distributed from the very anterior tip back to the very posterior end. From the very anterior end, they spread over the dorsum on a band with one third of the body width, i.e., they lie beneath the lateral dark stripes (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDE3D4EFC19F4B096EEB9A4" box="[905,996,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1057,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1057,1925]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 24. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. (22) living paratype PL 1570, about 30 mm in length. (23) wounded paratype PL 1572, as found in nature. (24) anterior end of paratype PL 1570 in ethanol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288119/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Those under pigmented stripes are surrounded by clear halos in the fixed specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDE3D4EFF57F4E89463B834" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">The sensory pits are distributed ventro-marginally in a single row from the very anterior tip of the body posteriorly to an extension of 29% of body length. The creeping sole is as wide as 90% of body width at the prepharyngeal region.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDE3D4EFF57F57B9107B8E1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
The epidermis is ciliated only in the creeping sole. In the pre-pharyngeal region the dorsal epidermis is pierced by rhabditogen cells and cells containing erythrophilic granules. The ventral epidermis is crossed by cells containing erythrophilic granules, scarce rhabditogen cells and scarce cyanophilic glands. There is a conspicuous glandular margin constituted of gland cells of three
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFDE3D4EFD47F58F961FB8C4" box="[727,789,944,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
, one containing erythrophilic granules, other xanthophilic granules, and a third one, scarce, producing amorphous erythrophilic secretion.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFDE3D4EFF07F1A596A5BCD8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288119/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1436,1057,1925]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDE3D4EFF07F1A596A5BCD8" blockId="8.[151,1435,1946,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDE3D4EFF07F1A5945EBCBC" bold="true" box="[151,340,1946,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 22–24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDE3D4EFECCF1A3972BBCBD" box="[348,545,1948,1969]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDE3D4EFECCF1A3972BBCBD" box="[348,545,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">Cratera anamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDE3D4EFDB8F1A49773BCBC" box="[552,633,1947,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDE3D4EFDB8F1A49773BCBC" bold="true" box="[552,633,1947,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(22) living paratype PL 1570, about 30 mm in length. (23) wounded paratype PL 1572, as found in nature. (24) anterior end of paratype PL 1570 in ethanol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFDF3D4FFF07F20F9021BF88" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDF3D4FFF07F20F9021BF88" blockId="9.[151,1436,1072,1156]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDF3D4FFF07F20F945EBF4A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1072,1095]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 25–28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDF3D4FFECBF20D9715BF4B" box="[347,543,1074,1095]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDF3D4FFECBF20D9715BF4B" box="[347,543,1074,1095]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Cratera anamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDF3D4FFDB7F20E9772BF4A" box="[551,632,1073,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDF3D4FFDB7F20E9772BF4A" bold="true" box="[551,632,1073,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Micrographs. (25) sagittal section a region anterior to the pharynx of paratype PL 1572. (26) general view of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region of the holotype. (27) glandular margin of the paratype PL 1569 in a transverse section. (28) sagittal section of the pharynx paratype PL 1572. Anterior to the left.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDF3D4FFF57F2939148BE91" blockId="9.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDF3D4FFF57F29394C2BFC9" bold="true" box="[199,456,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Internal morphology.</emphasis>
The cutaneous musculature comprises the three typical layers of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDF3D4FFB29F2939043BFC9" box="[1209,1353,1196,1221]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
, viz., a circular layer followed by two diagonal layers with decussate fibers, and then a longitudinal layer with fibers arranged in bundles (dorsally, 15–30 fibers each; ventrally, 25–30 fibers; (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDF3D4FFB95F2CB9199BE01" box="[1029,1171,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Micrographs. (25) sagittal section a region anterior to the pharynx of paratype PL 1572. (26) general view of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region of the holotype. (27) glandular margin of the paratype PL 1569 in a transverse section. (28) sagittal section of the pharynx paratype PL 1572. Anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Figs. 25–27</figureCitation>
). The thickness of the cutaneous muscle is 11% of body height at the pre-pharyngeal region. The three usual parenchymal muscle layers are present throughout the body: a dorsal layer of diagonal decussate fibers (15 Μm thick in the pre-pharyngeal region), a transverse supraintestinal layer (50 Μm), and a transverse subintestinal one (40 µm), the latter with its fibers more densely distributed than those of the supraintestinal layer (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDF3D4FFC3CF3BB913CBE91" box="[940,1078,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Micrographs. (25) sagittal section a region anterior to the pharynx of paratype PL 1572. (26) general view of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region of the holotype. (27) glandular margin of the paratype PL 1569 in a transverse section. (28) sagittal section of the pharynx paratype PL 1572. Anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Figs. 25–26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDF3D4FFF57F39895D4BD94" blockId="9.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
Mouth situated nearly in the middle of the pharyngeal pouch (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDF3D4FFC23F3989107BECC" box="[947,1037,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Micrographs. (25) sagittal section a region anterior to the pharynx of paratype PL 1572. (26) general view of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region of the holotype. (27) glandular margin of the paratype PL 1569 in a transverse section. (28) sagittal section of the pharynx paratype PL 1572. Anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). The pharynx is cylindrical. The pharyngeal pocket is lined with a non-ciliated epithelium. Three
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFDF3D4FFC1BF3F296CCBEE9" box="[907,966,1485,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">types</typeStatus>
of gland cells secrete through the distal pharyngeal epithelium, each producing either erythrophilic granules, or cyanophilic granules, or xanthophilic granules; the former is the most abundant. The outer and inner pharyngeal epithelia are ciliated. The outer one is underlain by a 5-µm-thick layer of longitudinal muscle fibers followed by a layer of circular fibers (5 µm). The inner epithelium is underlain by a layer of circular fibers (70 µm) followed by a layer (10 µm) of longitudinal fibers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDF3D4FFF57F09B9097BCD1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1196,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">
The testes are dorsal and located under the supraintestinal transverse muscle layer, partially interstitial to intestinal diverticula (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDF3D4FFE00F0F894FBBDEC" box="[400,497,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Micrographs. (25) sagittal section a region anterior to the pharynx of paratype PL 1572. (26) general view of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region of the holotype. (27) glandular margin of the paratype PL 1569 in a transverse section. (28) sagittal section of the pharynx paratype PL 1572. Anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
). They extend from
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDF3D4FFD4CF0F8963EBDD3" box="[732,820,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
behind the ovaries to the level of the esophagus. The sperm ducts run between the fibers of the subintestinal muscle layer, dorsad to the ovovitelline ducts (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDF3D4FFAA9F0D3909ABC09" box="[1337,1424,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 28" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1072,1095]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 28. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Micrographs. (25) sagittal section a region anterior to the pharynx of paratype PL 1572. (26) general view of a transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region of the holotype. (27) glandular margin of the paratype PL 1569 in a transverse section. (28) sagittal section of the pharynx paratype PL 1572. Anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288120/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Their distal portion is curved anteriorly to the sagittal plane to communicate with the paired branches of the prostatic vesicle. The branches run dorso-anteriorly. Subsequently, they continue as an unpaired portion running ventrally and posteriad to penetrate the penis bulb. The prostatic vesicle is clothed with a columnar, ciliated epithelium. It is wrapped by a 20-µm-thick layer of circular muscle. Gland cells containing fine erythrophilic granules discharge into the vesicle. The penis is of the protrusible
<typeStatus id="54A976EFFFDF3D4FFC1CF19E96CABCB5" box="[908,960,1953,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
. The ejaculatory duct penetrates the penis papilla medially (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDF3D4FFECEF1FB971EBCD0" box="[350,532,1988,2013]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1833,1856]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,911,934]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,409,1811]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,890]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,890]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 29 – 33. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Sagittal views. Anterior to the right. (29) diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (30) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (31) micrograph of the tip of the penis papilla of the holotype. (32) micrograph of the penis papilla of the holotype. (33) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1568." captionText-1="FIGURES 34 – 38. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Sagittal views. (34) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (35) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (36) micrograph of the female genital canal and atrium of the holotype. (37) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of paratype PL 1571. Anterior to the right. (38) micrograph of the ovary and anteriormost testis of paratype PL 1569. Anterior to the right." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288121/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288122/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="36">Figs. 29–35, 37</figureCitation>
). Near the tip of the papilla, the duct is widened so as to form a kind of cavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDC3D4CFF07F6A897D3BA68" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">The ejaculatory duct is lined with a cuboidal ciliated epithelium, grading in height from 10 µm, to 20 µm in the widened portion. The conical penis papilla points dorso-posteriorly, and is clothed with a 10–15 µm high, nonciliated epithelium. It is pierced by very numerous thick-necked gland cells (4 µm in diameter), producing erythrophilic granules. Gland cells producing reddish-purple secretion discharge through the epithelium of the proximal third of the papilla. The papilla epithelium is underlain by a layer of circular muscle (12 Μm thick), followed by a layer of longitudinal muscles (5 µm).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFDC3D4CFF07F1169458BC90" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288121/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,409,1811]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDC3D4CFF07F1169458BC90" blockId="10.[151,1436,1833,1948]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDC3D4CFF07F116945FBC33" bold="true" box="[151,341,1833,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 29–33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDC3D4CFECDF1149729BC4C" box="[349,547,1835,1856]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDC3D4CFECDF1149729BC4C" box="[349,547,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">Cratera anamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDC3D4CFDBBF1159777BC33" box="[555,637,1834,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDC3D4CFDBBF1159777BC33" bold="true" box="[555,637,1834,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="37">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Sagittal views. Anterior to the right. (29) diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (30) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (31) micrograph of the tip of the penis papilla of the holotype. (32) micrograph of the penis papilla of the holotype. (33) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1568.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6D98C5FFDD3D4DFF07F5B091B5BF0E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288122/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[151,1436,181,890]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDD3D4DFF07F5B091B5BF0E" blockId="11.[151,1436,911,1026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFF07F5B0945DB8A8" bold="true" box="[151,343,911,934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 34–38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFEF1F5AF9723B8AA" box="[353,553,912,934]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFEF1F5AF9723B8AA" box="[353,553,912,934]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Cratera anamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDD3D4DFDA2F5AF978CB8A9" box="[562,646,912,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFDA2F5AF978CB8A9" bold="true" box="[562,646,912,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Sagittal views. (34) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (35) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (36) micrograph of the female genital canal and atrium of the holotype. (37) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of paratype PL 1571. Anterior to the right. (38) micrograph of the ovary and anteriormost testis of paratype PL 1569. Anterior to the right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDD3D4DFF57F2119002BFBF" blockId="11.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
The male and female atria are embedded in a muscularis comprising inner circular muscles (male atrium 5 µm thick, female atrium 10 µm thick) external to which is a thinner layer of longitudinal muscles (male atrium 2 µm thick, female atrium 20 µm thick). The atria are delineated anatomically by folding of their communal wall resulting in an inter-atrial aperture (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDD3D4DFDB6F2A59773BFBF" box="[550,633,1178,1203]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Sagittal views. Anterior to the right. (29) diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (30) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (31) micrograph of the tip of the penis papilla of the holotype. (32) micrograph of the penis papilla of the holotype. (33) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1568." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288121/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
), the opening of which is about half their separate heights.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDD3D4DFF57F28197BBBE13" blockId="11.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Histologically the male atrium is characterized by a non-ciliated cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium. Very abundant cyanophilic secretion is discharged through the dorsal covering epithelium, whereas through the ventral one sparse erythrophilic secretion is discharged.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDD3D4DFF57F315917EBD33" blockId="11.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
The ovaries are ovoid, above the ventral nerve plate (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDD3D4DFCB3F315967FBE4F" box="[803,885,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,911,934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,890]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,890]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Sagittal views. (34) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (35) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (36) micrograph of the female genital canal and atrium of the holotype. (37) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of paratype PL 1571. Anterior to the right. (38) micrograph of the ovary and anteriormost testis of paratype PL 1569. Anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288122/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) and at a distance from the anterior end equal to 24% of body length. The ovovitelline ducts emerge from the dorso-external aspect of each ovary, pass posteriorly and in the proflex condition with dorsal approach, open into the female genital duct (
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDD3D4DFBC5F34D91BEBE87" box="[1109,1204,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,409,1813]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Sagittal views. Anterior to the right. (29) diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (30) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. (31) micrograph of the tip of the penis papilla of the holotype. (32) micrograph of the penis papilla of the holotype. (33) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1568." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288121/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1329D4C8FFDD3D4DFB2FF34D9000BE87" box="[1215,1290,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="11.[151,264,911,934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,890]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,890]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Cratera anamariae sp. nov. Sagittal views. (34) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (35) micrograph of the penis papilla of paratype PL 1566. Anterior to the left. (36) micrograph of the female genital canal and atrium of the holotype. (37) micrograph of the copulatory apparatus of paratype PL 1571. Anterior to the right. (38) micrograph of the ovary and anteriormost testis of paratype PL 1569. Anterior to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288122/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">36–37</figureCitation>
). The female atrium is ample in lateral view, but is occluded by lateral folds continued from the folding of the common atrial wall. The distal portion of ovovitelline ducts receives shell glands; the common glandular ovovitelline duct receiving these glands is markedly reduced. The female atrium is lined with a non-ciliated columnar epithelium up to
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDD3D4DFF27F03C9408BD16" box="[183,258,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
in height, with a multilayered aspect, displaying vacuolation and penetrated by gland cells secreting erythrophilic granules. The length of the female atrium to male atrium ratio is about 1:1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3089BC6FFDD3D4AFF57F0759000BE3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDD3D4DFF57F07597FCBC8F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFF57F075943EBD6F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1610,1635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
. Currently, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFDA4F0749787BD6E" box="[564,653,1611,1634]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFDA4F0749787BD6E" box="[564,653,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains six species, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFC74F074907EBD6F" authority="E. M. Froehlich, 1955" authorityName="E. M. Froehlich" authorityYear="1955" box="[996,1396,1610,1635]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crioula">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFC74F0749152BD6E" box="[996,1112,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. crioula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDD3D4DFBFAF0749061BD6F" author="Froehlich" box="[1130,1387,1610,1635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">E. M. Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFA12F0749492BD8B" authority="Froehlich, 1956" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1956" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="joia">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFA12F07495C9BD8A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. joia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDD3D4DFF45F051949ABD8B" author="Froehlich" box="[213,400,1646,1671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Froehlich, C. G. (1956) Planarias terrestres do Parana. Dusenia, 7 (4), 173 - 196." type="journal article" year="1956">Froehlich, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFE37F0509668BD8B" authority="Riester, 1938" authorityName="Riester" authorityYear="1938" box="[423,866,1646,1671]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudovaginuloides">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFE37F05097A0BD8A" box="[423,682,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. pseudovaginuloides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDD3D4DFD2CF0519653BD8B" author="Riester" box="[700,857,1646,1671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Riester, A. (1938) Beitrage zur Geoplaniden-Fauna Brasiliens. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 441, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1938">Riester, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFCE1F05091CEBD8B" authority="Rossi et al., 2014" authorityName="Rossi et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[881,1220,1646,1671]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="steffeni">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFCE1F05096EDBD8B" box="[881,999,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. steffeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDD3D4DFC62F05191CEBD8B" author="Rossi" box="[1010,1220,1646,1671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Rossi, I., Fontoura, M., Amaral, S. &amp; Leal-Zanchet, A. M. (2014) A new species of land flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from areas of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3794 (4), 514 - 524. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3794.4.2" type="journal article" year="2014">
Rossi
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFBABF0509174BD8A" box="[1083,1150,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">et al.,</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFB43F050945EBDA7" authority="E. M. Froehlich, 1955" authorityName="E. M. Froehlich" authorityYear="1955" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tamoia">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFB43F050904FBD8A" box="[1235,1349,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. tamoia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDD3D4DFAC9F0509441BDA7" author="Froehlich" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">E. M. Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFE1FF0AC97FDBDA7" authority="E. M. Froehlich, 1955" authorityName="E. M. Froehlich" authorityYear="1955" box="[399,759,1682,1707]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yara">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFE1FF0AC94E9BDA6" box="[399,483,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. yara</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDD3D4DFE63F0AC97E4BDA7" author="Froehlich" box="[499,750,1682,1707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">E. M. Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, besides
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFCCCF0AC96E8BDA6" box="[860,994,1683,1706]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFCCCF0AC96E8BDA6" box="[860,994,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. cuarassu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDD3D4DFC79F0AD9149BDA7" box="[1001,1091,1682,1707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFC79F0AD9149BDA7" bold="true" box="[1001,1091,1682,1707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Regarding the color pattern of the dorsum, the species clearly differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFD1CF08897F5BDC2" box="[652,767,1718,1742]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crioula">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFD1CF08897F5BDC2" box="[652,767,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. crioula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFC9EF0889656BDC2" box="[782,860,1719,1742]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="joia">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFC9EF0889656BDC2" box="[782,860,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. joia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFCFBF08896D0BDC2" box="[875,986,1719,1742]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tamoia">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFCFBF08896D0BDC2" box="[875,986,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. tamoia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFB83F0889162BDC2" box="[1043,1128,1719,1742]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yara">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFB83F0889162BDC2" box="[1043,1128,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that in these species the dorsum is dark excepting a narrow, pale midline. It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFC04F0E491D8BDFE" box="[916,1234,1754,1778]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudovaginuloides">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFC04F0E491D8BDFE" box="[916,1234,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Cratera pseudovaginuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFA97F0E49073BDFE" box="[1287,1401,1754,1778]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="steffeni">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFA97F0E49073BDFE" box="[1287,1401,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. steffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in that in these species the longitudinal stripes run on an orange ground color. Furthermore, in
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFB0DF0C09091BC1A" box="[1181,1435,1790,1814]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudovaginuloides">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFB0DF0C09091BC1A" box="[1181,1435,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. pseudovaginuloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the stripes are restricted to the median region, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFCA0F11C96AEBC36" box="[816,932,1826,1850]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="steffeni">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFCA0F11C96AEBC36" box="[816,932,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">C. steffeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are thin and nearly marginal. The new species also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFE22F178977DBC52" box="[434,631,1863,1886]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cuarassu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFE22F178977DBC52" box="[434,631,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Cratera cuarassu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDD3D4DFDEEF17997D2BC53" box="[638,728,1862,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFDEEF17997D2BC53" bold="true" box="[638,728,1862,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in that the ground color of the latter is only visible as a pair of submarginal light stripes on a predominant dark color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDD3D4DFF57F1B197E6BCE3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
Regarding the internal morphology, the new species differs from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDD3D4DFB3DF1B0900CBCAA" box="[1197,1286,1935,1958]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDD3D4DFB3DF1B0900CBCAA" box="[1197,1286,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely, the dorsal insertion of the penis papilla is anterior to the ventral one, so that the organ is dorso-posteriad oriented, and the anterior portion of the female atrium is narrowed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDA3D4AFF57F6A89064BA68" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
There are still 59 nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFDE8F6A8960CBBBC" box="[632,774,151,176]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
(Tyler
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFCCDF6A69692BBBC" box="[861,920,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFACEE8DFFDA3D4AFC39F6A89121BBBC" box="[937,1067,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="2006" valueMax="2013">2006–2013</date>
), the internal anatomy of which remains unknown. These species are placed under the collective genus
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFC70F68395D9BBF4" authority="Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu, 1990" authorityName="Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu" authorityYear="1990" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFC70F6839191BBD8" box="[992,1179,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Pseudogeoplana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFB36F68395D9BBF4" author="Ogren" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Ogren, R. E. &amp; Kawakatsu, M. (1990) Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. Bulletin of the Fuji Women's College, Serie II, 28, 79 - 166." type="journal article" year="1990">Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus was proposed for geoplaninid
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFD5DF6DF96BABBF4" box="[717,944,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">species inquirendae</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFC60F6DF919ABBF4" box="[1008,1168,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">nomina dubia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFB33F6DF95D9BA10" author="Ogren" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Ogren, R. E. &amp; Kawakatsu, M. (1990) Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. Bulletin of the Fuji Women's College, Serie II, 28, 79 - 166." type="journal article" year="1990">Ogren &amp; Kawakatsu, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Six species within this group show a body color pattern consisting of one or two pairs of dark stripes on a yellowish ground, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFE57F7169634BA4C" authority="Von Graff, 1897" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1897" box="[455,830,295,320]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brittlebanki">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFE57F716976DBA4C" box="[455,615,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. brittlebanki</emphasis>
(Von Graff, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFCDCF7169186BA4C" authority="Von Graff, 1899" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1899" box="[844,1164,295,320]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFCDCF71696BFBA4C" box="[844,949,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. nobilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFC55F717918FBA4C" author="Von" box="[965,1157,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Von Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola. Engelmann, Leipzig, 575 pp." type="book" year="1899">Von Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFB0AF7169004BA4C" box="[1178,1294,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. o er s t e di</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFAB1F71795D9BA68" author="Von" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Von Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola. Engelmann, Leipzig, 575 pp." type="book" year="1899">Von Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFF76F772976BBA68" authority="Von Graff, 1899" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1899" box="[230,609,332,357]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFF76F772949ABA68" box="[230,400,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. perspicillata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFE0DF7739753BA68" author="Von" box="[413,601,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Von Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola. Engelmann, Leipzig, 575 pp." type="book" year="1899">Von Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFDFCF77296BABA68" authority="Von Graff, 1899" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1899" box="[620,944,332,357]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFDFCF77297EBBA68" box="[620,737,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. rostrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFD7FF77396A3BA68" author="Von" box="[751,937,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Von Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola. Engelmann, Leipzig, 575 pp." type="book" year="1899">Von Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFC77F7729063BA68" authority="Schirch, 1929" authorityName="Schirch" authorityYear="1929" box="[999,1385,332,357]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="theresopolitana">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFC77F77291BBBA68" box="[999,1201,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. theresopolitana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFB2FF773906BBA68" author="Schirch" box="[1215,1377,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Schirch, P. (1929) Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 5, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1929">Schirch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDA3D4AFF57F74F91CBB9A4" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFF57F74F9707BA84" box="[199,525,368,392]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brittlebanki">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFF57F74F9707BA84" box="[199,525,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Pseudogeoplana brittlebanki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Tigre (near Buenos Aires,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFDA3D4AFC1CF750910ABA84" box="[908,1024,367,392]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Argentina</collectingCountry>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFBD6F74E91BABA84" box="[1094,1200,368,392]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFBD6F74E91BABA84" box="[1094,1200,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from nearby Corral (
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFDA3D4AFF0FF7AB95EBBAA1" box="[159,225,404,429]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Chile</collectingCountry>
), differ from the new species in that their paramedian black stripes are wider, 24% and 27% of the body width, respectively. Furthermore, in
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFDA0F7869792BADC" box="[560,664,440,464]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFDA0F7869792BADC" box="[560,664,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these stripes are more closely placed each other, the posterior end is red-brownish, and the ventral side presents a color pattern similar to that of the dorsum.
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFBE9F7E3909FBAF8" box="[1145,1429,476,500]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oerstedi">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFBE9F7E3909FBAF8" box="[1145,1429,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Pseudogeoplana oerstedi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Palermo (Buenos Aires,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFDA3D4AFE75F7C0975DB914" box="[485,599,511,536]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Argentina</collectingCountry>
) differs from the new species in that its ventral body margins are brownish.
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFF07F41B94E2B930" box="[151,488,548,572]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFF07F41B94E2B930" box="[151,488,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Pseudogeoplana perspicillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFDB2F41A9793B930" box="[546,665,549,572]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFDB2F41A9793B930" box="[546,665,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both from Blumenau (Santa Catarina,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFDA3D4AFBCEF41B91ADB931" box="[1118,1191,548,573]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), differ from the new species in that their lateralmost stripes are marginal and wider, and the ventral side displays a grayish lateral bands on each side of the body. Additionally, the ground color of the dorsum in
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFC77F4529198B988" box="[999,1170,620,644]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFC77F4529198B988" box="[999,1170,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. perspicillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark brown-reddish, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFE86F4AE9481B9A4" box="[278,395,657,680]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFE86F4AE9481B9A4" box="[278,395,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pair of dark bands fades before reaching the anterior end of the body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDA3D4AFF57F48B95E5BFAC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
Unlike the original descriptions of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFD42F48B9687B9C0" box="[722,909,692,716]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFD42F48B9687B9C0" box="[722,909,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Pseudogeoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed earlier,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFBF0F48A9027B9C0" box="[1120,1325,692,716]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="theresopolitana">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFBF0F48A9027B9C0" box="[1120,1325,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. theresopolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only very briefly described (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFE0BF4E89736B9FC" author="Schirch" box="[411,572,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Schirch, P. (1929) Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 5, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1929">Schirch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
). Besides, it was described from a single specimen, the anterior end of which was lacking. The original description reads &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFD1BF4C396A5B818" box="[651,943,764,788]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="theresopolitana">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFD1BF4C396A5B818" box="[651,943,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Geoplana theresopolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. spec.
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDA3D4AFBBBF4C39170B818" box="[1067,1146,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in length,
<quantity id="4CEA65A8FFDA3D4AFB61F4C39038B818" box="[1265,1330,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
in width. The cephalic end of the specimen here described is lacking. The dorsum is shiny yellow and with two black stripes with the same width. The eyes are arranged in a row, becoming scarce posteriorly. The ventral side is light, but with the help of a lens fine yellowish spots become visible. Species close to
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFC5FF5579142B88C" box="[975,1096,872,896]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFC5FF5579142B88C" box="[975,1096,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">G. rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even possibly identical. One specimen from Teresópolis&quot; (original description is in Portuguese;
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFC0CF5B39134B8A8" author="Schirch" box="[924,1086,908,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Schirch, P. (1929) Sobre as planarias terrestres do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 5, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1929">Schirch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
). Schirch did not illustrate his species, but Graff did for
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFE27F58E9726B8C4" box="[439,556,945,968]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFE27F58E9726B8C4" box="[439,556,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dorsum of the latter is very similar to that of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFA92F58F95F3B8E1" authority="Carbayo" authorityName="Carbayo" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFA92F58F9096B8CB" box="[1282,1436,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">C. anamariae</emphasis>
Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDA3D4AFE98F5EB946DB8E1" box="[264,359,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFE98F5EB946DB8E1" bold="true" box="[264,359,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
having a two-stripe color pattern. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFCC0F5EB9157B8E1" authority="Carbayo" authorityName="Carbayo" box="[848,1117,980,1005]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFCC0F5EB96E5B8E0" box="[848,1007,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">C. anamariae</emphasis>
Carbayo
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDA3D4AFBFCF5EB91C1B8E1" box="[1132,1227,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFBFCF5EB91C1B8E1" bold="true" box="[1132,1227,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
matches well the features of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFE85F5C694EBBF1C" box="[277,481,1016,1040]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="theresopolitana">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFE85F5C694EBBF1C" box="[277,481,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. theresopolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for the yellowish spots on the ventral side, that are absent in the new species, and the distribution of the eyes. In regard to the latter, we are of the opinion that distribution of the eyes might not have been precisely outlined. Schirch's description subtly implied that the eyes are marginal (&quot;arranged into a row&quot;), but he also suggests conspecificity with
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFD3CF25A96FFBF70" authority="Von Graff, 1899" authorityName="Von Graff" authorityYear="1899" box="[684,1013,1124,1149]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pseudogeoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFD3CF25A9628BF70" box="[684,802,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. rostrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83B5BCFFDA3D4AFCA0F25B96E7BF70" author="Von" box="[816,1005,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Von Graff, L. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola. Engelmann, Leipzig, 575 pp." type="book" year="1899">Von Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, whose eyes are dorsal, as in the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADC84DFFDA3D4AFF57F2939000BE3C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
While the features of
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFE2AF292978EBFC8" box="[442,644,1196,1220]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="theresopolitana">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFE2AF292978EBFC8" box="[442,644,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">P. theresopolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not exclude conspecificity with
<taxonomicName id="4C12B3CEFFDA3D4AFB84F29391A4BFC8" box="[1044,1198,1196,1220]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFB84F29391A4BFC8" box="[1044,1198,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">C. anamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255A924FFDA3D4AFB26F2939005BFC9" box="[1206,1295,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B966145FFFDA3D4AFB26F2939005BFC9" bold="true" box="[1206,1295,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, they do not confirm it, either. Further investigation of Schirch's species is impracticable as the type-specimen was not found in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ, Rio de Janeiro,
<collectingCountry id="F30588DDFFDA3D4AFCE0F2CB96B3BE01" box="[880,953,1268,1293]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), where he was employed. It is apparently lost (Guilherme Muricy, pers. comm.). Therefore, we here describe these specimens as a new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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