216 lines
19 KiB
XML
216 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="E266E373E88C29C2BE375A5C125B187E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6659f502-4940-4db3-aeb3-0bcc1d93932b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238716" ID-ZooBank="9BCFFC47-43D1-47B8-BA56-70A129E6A63F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461265301257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Xing, Wang, Min, Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Hirowatari, Toshiya, Wu, Shipher & Huang, Guo-Hua" docDate="2015" docId="03BB102DFFC5CE64A2B51B14F317A5CE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03989p138.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3989 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Theophoba pendulans Mell 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="FF826855FFB6CE11A2221D23F769A430" masterDocTitle="The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1698610489227" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B789F3AF0A7F116CF88599F8E2D48025">
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<mods:title id="E40A0EF3518AB1B8452C99FA2E6B43D2">The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="832BC2AAA6941D1D13B76EB59C0E0BA1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6D1A9EFE5F3C69166828C5ADB861BB53">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2F027D0438D710FCEC482D230E169BDC">Wang, Xing</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8421FC8181C909B6E89092BF3A875F2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="990EFB1266A45E2C30F397A37D83A131">Wang, Min</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F07398C7484D659468631AE2171A7D37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9EAF183A5E07F7CD1F8CAF1079D4A2E3">Zolotuhin, Vadim V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="62651BECCA6373192A987A141E30F28C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C4731BECF5A85E7B16BFF9BAAC4441A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0687AB85A6E3A48047258CD72383A812">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B6883B4C354F854AAFD33442A45B9D05" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6634A882ABAA0473810477DA2463AB32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D1BC6D118D66B5F3068D577FBB798FFA">Wu, Shipher</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A1AA536C8250956B5DA25ECA86E193DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A966C832267C8CD2265CD4E9352CA306">Huang, Guo-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B1C372BF10EF78974D8DDDA8E94017BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="48F766901951FDBD3FFC4594DDB714E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A3DC037E34B4213B93CCE355A1529F10">
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<mods:date id="EE2277105972370512EFBF8C02D6874E">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8AD891BDCEAC1AE290A3A8F791FFFF4E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="65A6F44EADC3173471B208DB97F4F797">3989</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:classification id="A50CE3A39FA9FA608BBB620CBF15FF44">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EA2F5F20E39C682A454346AF1949B4DF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A38CC2943869E9EE8202F79C35417886" type="GBIF-Dataset">6659f502-4940-4db3-aeb3-0bcc1d93932b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E659C48001915B67E4705B3AB73164E9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA463468E6A99174EC30FE89B346D88D" type="Zenodo-Dep">238716</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB102DFFC5CE64A2B51B14F317A5CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6116033" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6116033" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB102DFFC5CE64A2B51B14F317A5CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB102DFFC5CE64A2B51B14F317A5CE" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFC5CE62A2B51B14F439A260" box="[151,848,1591,1616]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC5CE62A2B51B14F439A260" blockId="115.[151,848,1591,1616]" box="[151,848,1591,1616]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D0E51657FFC5CE62A2B51B14F439A260" bold="true" box="[151,848,1591,1616]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC5CE62A2B51B14F439A260" bold="true" box="[151,848,1591,1616]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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77.
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<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFC5CE62A2E31B14F52FA260" authority="Mell, 1958" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1958" box="[193,582,1591,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Theophoba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendulans">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC5CE62A2E31B14F6AAA260" bold="true" box="[193,451,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Theophoba pendulans</emphasis>
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Mell, 1958
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1329BDBEFFC5CE62A0761B14F59CA260" box="[596,757,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="116.[151,250,1687,1709]" captionTargetBox="[153,1421,272,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@116.[151,1436,195,1661]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="FIGURE 46. Adults and male genitalia of Theophoba pendulans Mell, 1958. A. Male (Guangxi); B. Male (Guangdong), holotype; C. Female (Yunnan); D. Male (Taiwan); E. Male genitalia (Guangdong)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238760/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">FIGURES 46</figureCitation>
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A–46E)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFC5CE62A2B51B59F52FA29E" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC5CE62A2B51B59F52FA29E" blockId="115.[151,1437,1658,1710]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFC5CE62A2B51B59F54BA2A0" authority="Dt." authorityName="Dt." authorityYear="1958" box="[151,546,1658,1680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Theophoba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendulans">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC5CE62A2B51B59F610A2A0" box="[151,377,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Theophoba pendulans</emphasis>
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Mell, 1958,
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC5CE62A0201B58F54BA2A0" box="[514,546,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Dt.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ent. Z.
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC5CE62A0571B59F5E8A2BF" bold="true" box="[629,641,1658,1679]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">5</emphasis>
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: 207, figs 8, 10. TL: “Lungtaoshan, Kwangtung” [Guangdong prov.]
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<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC5CE62A77B1B59F2F0A2A0" box="[1369,1433,1658,1680]" name="China" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFC5CE62A2E51BBBF640A29E" box="[199,297,1688,1710]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male (ZMHU) [examined].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFC5CE64A2B51BFBF681A524" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC5CE62A2B51BFBF578A365" blockId="115.[151,1436,1752,1877]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC5CE62A2B51BFBF678A2C1" bold="true" box="[151,273,1752,1777]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Easily distinguished by the following characters: forewing with apex hooked; uncus short, pyramidal, with an apical bifurcation; costal process of valva apically swollen; external margin of valva with protruded ventrocaudal angle; aedeagus apically flattened and broadened, with a ventral rounded plate bearing two large teeth and one or two small marginal thorns.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6DF1B3FFC2CE65A2B51BB4F4B3A2FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238760/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" targetBox="[153,1421,272,1660]" targetPageId="116">
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC2CE65A2B51BB4F4B3A2FF" blockId="116.[151,1436,1687,1743]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC2CE65A2B51BB4F64AA29C" bold="true" box="[151,291,1687,1709]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
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Adults and male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFC2CE65A0461BB4F4A0A29D" authority="Mell, 1958" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1958" box="[612,969,1687,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Theophoba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendulans">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC2CE65A0461BB4F5BFA29D" box="[612,726,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Theophoba</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC2CE65A0C21BB4F421A29D" box="[736,840,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">pendulans</emphasis>
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Mell, 1958
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</taxonomicName>
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. A. Male (Guangxi); B. Male (Guangdong), holotype; C. Female (Yunnan); D. Male (Taiwan); E. Male genitalia (Guangdong).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC2CE65A2E51A3EF276A3EC" blockId="116.[151,1436,1821,2013]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC2CE65A2E51A3EF6A1A306" bold="true" box="[199,456,1821,1846]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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[SHANGHAI]
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<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC2CE65A0A21A3DF58EA306" box="[640,743,1821,1846]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, Miss.-Mus. Steyl. (ZFMK); [GUANGDONG] Lungtaoshan (Lianping County):
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<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC2CE65A35A1A1CF6AEA367" box="[376,455,1854,1879]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFC2CE65A3F61A1DF55FA367" box="[468,566,1854,1879]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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deposited in ZMHU with the label “[
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<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC2CE65A1FE1A1DF34FA367" box="[988,1062,1854,1879]" name="China" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">China</collectingCountry>
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, Guangdong] Lungtaoshan, ex p.
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<date id="FFAC87FBFFC2CE65A2B51A7CF79BA348" box="[151,242,1887,1912]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="1919-10-25">25.X.19</date>
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??, leg. R. Mell ”; [GUANGXI] Dayao Shan (Jingxiu County):
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<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC2CE65A1E41A43F37FA348" box="[966,1046,1887,1912]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFC2CE65A6011A43F310A348" box="[1059,1145,1887,1912]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
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SE of Liuzhou, 23˚45’N, 109˚45’E,
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<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFC2CE65A3321AA2F606A3A9" box="[272,367,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="1200.0">1.200 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFAC87FBFFC2CE65A35F1AA2F692A3AA" box="[381,507,1921,1946]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="2005-04">April 2005</date>
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, Sinjaev & his team leg. (MWM); [YUNNAN] Weibaoshan (Weishan County):
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<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC2CE65A7AC1AA2F7B9A38B" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFC2CE65A2FE1A80F652A38A" box="[220,315,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="2800.0">2.800 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFAC87FBFFC2CE65A3651A81F56BA38B" box="[327,514,1954,1979]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="2002-09">September 2002</date>
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, Ying
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC2CE65A06E1A87F5EDA38B" box="[588,644,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
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leg. (SMFL); Puwen (Xishuangbanna Dai Auton. Pref.):
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<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC2CE65A72D1A80F21DA38B" box="[1295,1396,1954,1979]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFC2CE65A7A21A80F7D2A3ED" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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SSW Simao,
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<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFC2CE65A37A1AE7F6C8A3EC" box="[344,417,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
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, 22˚30’N, 100˚02’E,
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<date id="FFAC87FBFFC2CE65A0B31AE7F435A3ED" box="[657,860,1988,2013]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="2000-03-16" valueMax="2000-04-10" valueMin="2000-03-16">16.III–10.IV.2000</date>
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, Brechlin’s local collector leg. (MWM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC3CE64A2E51DB4F681A524" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,510]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC3CE64A2E51DB4F623A480" bold="true" box="[199,330,151,176]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Bionomics.</emphasis>
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The larval host and preimaginal stages are unknown, although the
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<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFC3CE64A6721DB4F3DBA480" box="[1104,1202,151,176]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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was hatched from a cocoon found in the wild. The shape of the cocoon is strongly dissimilar to those of other
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<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFC3CE64A6A61D9AF27DA4E2" box="[1156,1300,185,210]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombycidae</taxonomicName>
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, resembling rather the saddle-shaped cocoon of
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<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFC3CE64A0101DF9F43AA4C3" box="[562,851,218,243]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Trabala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC3CE64A0101DF9F5E2A4C3" box="[562,651,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Trabala</emphasis>
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(Lasiocampidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but has a very long thread connecting the cocoon with a substratum (Plate 11F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFC3CE64A2E51C3EF619A567" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC3CE64A2E51C3EF619A567" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,510]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC3CE64A2E51C3EF609A506" bold="true" box="[199,352,285,310]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Mainland
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<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A3C51C3EF543A506" box="[487,554,285,310]" name="China" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">China</collectingCountry>
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(Shanghai, Guangdong, Guangxi,
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<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A1E81C3DF37DA506" box="[970,1044,286,310]" name="Greece" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Yunan</collectingCountry>
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) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A67C1C3EF3DAA506" box="[1118,1203,285,310]" name="Taiwan" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A7131C3EF2FEA506" box="[1329,1431,285,310]" name="Thailand" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A2DE1C1CF602A567" box="[252,363,319,343]" name="Myanmar" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFC3CE64A2E51C7CF317A5CE" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFC3CE64A2E51C7CF317A5CE" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,510]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC3CE64A2E51C7CF652A548" bold="true" box="[199,315,351,376]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the most widespread species of the genus, being known from southern and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A2B51CA2F7B4A5AA" box="[151,221,385,410]" name="China" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A3711CA2F6DEA5AA" box="[339,439,385,410]" name="Thailand" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and nothern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A0731CA1F5A9A5AA" box="[593,704,386,410]" name="Myanmar" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The same species is probably also native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A6EE1CA2F277A5AA" box="[1228,1310,385,410]" name="Taiwan" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC3CE64A7111CA2F2F1A5AA" box="[1331,1432,385,410]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, Chunyang, Jenai, Nantou County,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A03F1C81F51BA58B" box="[541,626,418,443]" name="Taiwan" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, C.S. Lin leg. [http://digimuse.nmns.edu.tw] and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFC3CE64A6811C80F260A58B" box="[1187,1289,418,443]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, Lushan spa, Nantou Hsien,
|
||
<date id="FFAC87FBFFC3CE64A31D1CE7F6DFA5ED" box="[319,438,452,477]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" value="1983-02-26">26.II.1983</date>
|
||
, H. Yoshimoto leg.) (Kishida, 1984). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFC3CE64A1551CE7F4A5A5ED" box="[887,972,452,477]" name="Taiwan" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we found specimens were almost always incorrectly identified as the endemic Javanese species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFC3CE64A1221CC6F313A5CE" authority="Moore, 1859" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1859" box="[768,1146,485,510]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Bombyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horsfieldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFC3CE64A1221CC6F4A5A5CE" box="[768,972,485,510]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Bombyx horsfieldi</emphasis>
|
||
(Moore, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |