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<document id="D6DCD9EA5B140C9A42857E7CA834B36C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6659f502-4940-4db3-aeb3-0bcc1d93932b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238716" ID-ZooBank="9BCFFC47-43D1-47B8-BA56-70A129E6A63F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461265301257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Xing, Wang, Min, Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Hirowatari, Toshiya, Wu, Shipher &amp; Huang, Guo-Hua" docDate="2015" docId="03BB102DFF93CE34A2B51C7CF3A6A3D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03989p138.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3989 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Trilocha varians Walker 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF826855FFB6CE11A2221D23F769A430" masterDocTitle="The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698610489227" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8598D22FEA9ECB1235350816ED5B4AED">The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="118EE1055E50448A9830E8CE4CC30909">Wang, Xing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E90970E56A88C0C75288A023A69A023">Wang, Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="790733DECFD693C7036E678849158F63">Zolotuhin, Vadim V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEBB6BC5F28D228062ACACBD5BFF045D">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A447FF6E67E0D8BB2F16CC1E6E18221">Wu, Shipher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B6F0FA669D453B8F9B923C1431B7949">Huang, Guo-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="716D57B256AFDF14F9DA2260CC7181AE">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BB102DFF93CE34A2B51C7CF3A6A3D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115925" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119638046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB102DFF93CE34A2B51C7CF3A6A3D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB102DFF93CE34A2B51C7CF3A6A3D6" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FF93CE34A2B51C7CF42BA548" box="[151,834,351,376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51C7CF42BA548" blockId="37.[151,834,351,376]" box="[151,834,351,376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0E51657FF93CE34A2B51C7CF42BA548" bold="true" box="[151,834,351,376]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51C7CF42BA548" bold="true" box="[151,834,351,376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
21.
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2E31C7CF55CA548" ID-CoL="7D686" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[193,565,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Trilocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2E31C7CF6E9A548" bold="true" box="[193,384,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Trilocha varians</emphasis>
(Walker, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1329BDBEFF93CE34A0661C7CF58CA548" box="[580,741,351,376]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[222,1363,188,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[222,1364,186,1925]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 13. Adults, labels and male genitalia of Trilocha spp. A. T. frieldeli, male (Guangdong); B. T. frieldeli, male genitalia (Guangdong); C D. T. varians, male, [holo] type; E. T. varians, male (Guangdong); F. T. varians, male genitalia (Guangdong); G. T. varians, wing venation (Guangdong)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238729/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 13</figureCitation>
C13G)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FF93CE34A2B51C80F54DA6BF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51C80F628A5E7" blockId="37.[151,1436,418,655]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2B51C80F6A6A588" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,463,418,440]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Naprepa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51C80F629A588" box="[151,320,419,440]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Naprepa varians</emphasis>
Walker, 1855
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A3FB1C80F5C5A588" box="[473,684,419,440]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cat. Lep. Het. Br. M.</emphasis>
5: 1153. TL: [
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A1191C81F4E0A588" box="[827,905,418,440]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
] “
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A1BD1C81F480A588" box="[927,1001,418,440]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A6381C80F3FDA588" box="[1050,1172,418,440]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
”.
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FF93CE34A68A1C81F396A588" box="[1192,1279,418,440]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
: male (BMNH) [examined].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51CC3F43CA5C6" blockId="37.[151,1436,418,655]" box="[151,853,480,502]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51CC3F799A5C6" box="[151,240,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chazena</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2D41CC3F6AAA5C6" authority="Walker, 1869" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1869" box="[246,451,480,502]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Clenora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2D41CC3F65DA5C6" box="[246,308,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">velata</emphasis>
Walker, 1869
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A3EF1CC3F569A5C6" box="[461,512,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Char</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A02E1CC3F508A5C6" box="[524,609,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Undescr</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A04F1CC2F5F8A5C6" box="[621,657,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Het</emphasis>
.: 21. TL: “Limas”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51CDDF376A624" blockId="37.[151,1436,418,655]" box="[151,1055,510,533]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2B51CDDF6AEA624" authority="Kirby, 1892" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,455,510,533]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Trilocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51CDDF656A625" box="[151,319,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Trilocha varians</emphasis>
: Kirby, 1892
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A3F01CDCF4BBA625" box="[466,978,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
A synonymic catalogue of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A0FF1CDDF4BBA625" authority="Heterocera" authorityName="Heterocera" box="[733,978,510,533]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera Heterocera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
1: 718.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51F3DF453A603" blockId="37.[151,1436,418,655]" box="[151,826,541,563]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2B51F3DF6C8A603" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" box="[151,417,541,563]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Ocinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velata">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51F3DF659A603" box="[151,304,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ocinara velata</emphasis>
: Hampson
</taxonomicName>
, [1893],
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A3D91F3DF5C5A603" box="[507,684,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Fauna Brit.
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A0551F3EF5C5A603" box="[631,684,541,563]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Moths 1: 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51F1FF54DA6BF" blockId="37.[151,1436,418,655]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2B51F1FF6DDA662" authority="Hampson" authorityName="Hampson" box="[151,436,572,594]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Ocinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51F1FF629A662" box="[151,320,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ocinara varians</emphasis>
: Hampson
</taxonomicName>
, [1893],
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A0301F1EF5A0A662" box="[530,713,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Fauna Brit.
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A0B61F1FF5A0A662" box="[660,713,572,594]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 35; Strand, 1922,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A1B61F1EF4C1A662" box="[916,936,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">in</emphasis>
Seitz,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A1D01F1EF237A662" box="[1010,1374,572,594]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde</emphasis>
: 437; Roepke, 1924,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A3421F79F6DBA640" box="[352,434,602,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Tijdschr</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A39D1F78F68BA640" box="[447,482,603,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ent</emphasis>
., 67: 170; Grünberg, 1911,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A0DE1F78F479A640" box="[764,784,603,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">in</emphasis>
Seitz,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A1741F78F3D5A640" box="[854,1212,602,624]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde</emphasis>
2: 170; Chu &amp; Wang, 1996,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A3241F59F6B4A6BF" box="[262,477,634,655]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Fauna
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A36C1F59F6E4A6BF" box="[334,397,634,655]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Trilocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica">Sinica</taxonomicName>
Insecta
</emphasis>
, 5: 38.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FF93CE34A2B51F95F62BA30F" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2B51F95F476A725" blockId="37.[151,1437,694,2022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51F95F678A6FF" bold="true" box="[151,273,694,719]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A0481F94F5BFA6FF" box="[618,726,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Trilocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="friedeli">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A0481F94F5BFA6FF" box="[618,726,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. friedeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by the following characters: forewing with a kidney-shaped spot in the discal cell; saccus basally constricted; aedeagus slightly bent near the apex; long processes on anterior margin of 8th sternite closer together
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2E51E3EF45AA204" blockId="37.[151,1437,694,2022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2E51E3EF6AFA706" bold="true" box="[199,454,797,822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
[
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A3F11E3DF52FA706" box="[467,582,798,822]" name="Taiwan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
] Taitung County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A1301E3DF409A706" box="[786,864,797,822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A14E1E3DF4CCA706" box="[876,933,797,822]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
west of Hungyeh village,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A6EC1E3EF271A705" box="[1230,1304,797,822]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A7011E3EF2F1A706" box="[1315,1432,797,822]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1996-11-05">5.XI.1996</date>
, 22˚28N, 120˚52E, T.Csovari &amp; C.Szaboky leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A1101E1CF4E5A767" box="[818,908,830,855]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Chihpen Hot Springs,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A6B41E1CF389A767" box="[1174,1248,831,855]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A6CF1E1CF2FEA767" box="[1261,1431,831,855]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1997-06-10" valueMax="1997-06-11" valueMin="1997-06-10">1011.VI.1997</date>
, T.Herczig and L. Ronkay leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A0441E43F5DFA749" box="[614,694,864,889]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A0E61E42F596A749" box="[708,767,864,889]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
E of Taimali,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A18B1E43F49CA748" box="[937,1013,864,888]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="710.0">710 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A6211E43F3C7A748" box="[1027,1198,864,888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1997-06-11" valueMax="1997-06-12" valueMin="1997-06-11">1112.VI.1997</date>
, 22˚41N, 120˚56E, T.Szaboky &amp; I.Soos leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A0131EA1F5EAA7AA" box="[561,643,897,922]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A0B11EA2F5B9A7AA" box="[659,720,897,922]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
W Chipen,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A1411EA2F4D9A7A9" box="[867,944,897,922]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A1E21EA2F336A7AA" box="[960,1119,897,922]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1997-05-15" valueMax="1997-05-16" valueMin="1997-05-15">1516.V.1997</date>
, M.Laszlo &amp; G.Laszlo leg. (MWM); Hualien County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A3EC1E80F576A78B" box="[462,543,930,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A00F1E80F500A78B" box="[557,617,930,955]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
W Hua-Juan,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A1311E81F436A78A" box="[787,863,930,955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A14F1E81F483A78B" box="[877,1002,930,955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1996-07-02">2.VII.1996</date>
, T.Csorba &amp; L.Nemeth leg. (MWM); Pingtung County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A34F1EE7F6D6A7ED" box="[365,447,964,989]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Hengchun,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A0771EE7F5A3A7EC" box="[597,714,964,988]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2000-05-27">27.V.2000</date>
, Daniel Anstine leg. (TFRI); Yunlin County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A6C71EE7F25EA7ED" box="[1253,1335,964,989]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Douliu,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B51EC6F66DA7CE" box="[151,260,997,1022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1992-01-25">25.I.1992</date>
, Yi-Bin Fan leg. (TFRI); Taipei City (Taipei Botanic Garden):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A1EE1EC5F373A7CE" box="[972,1050,997,1022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A6041EC5F3C2A7CE" box="[1062,1195,998,1022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1983-11-20">20.XI-1983</date>
, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A2DA1924F621A02F" box="[248,328,1030,1055]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A3741924F6A4A02F" box="[342,461,1031,1055]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1991-02-20">20.II.1991</date>
, Yi-Bin Fan leg. (TFRI);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A0DB1924F43CA02F" box="[761,853,1030,1055]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A1411925F48DA02F" box="[867,996,1030,1055]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1963-11-28">28.XI.1963</date>
, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A7651924F2F1A02F" box="[1351,1432,1030,1055]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B5190BF666A071" box="[151,271,1064,1089]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1964-10-22">22.X.1964</date>
, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI); Hsinchu City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A115190BF4FFA071" box="[823,918,1064,1089]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A18B190BF35AA070" box="[937,1075,1064,1088]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1984-12-24">24.XII.1984</date>
, Yu-Chen Chang leg. (TFRI); [GUANGDONG] Guangzhou City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A0161969F5ECA052" box="[564,645,1097,1122]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, campus of South
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A17E196AF4F6A052" box="[860,927,1097,1122]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
Agricultural University,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A69D1969F24EA052" box="[1215,1319,1098,1122]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2003-05-09">9.V.2003</date>
, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (SCAU);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A3A41948F6BCA0B3" box="[390,469,1130,1155]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Baiyunshan Garden,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A0EF1948F42BA0B3" box="[717,834,1131,1155]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2004-05-21">21.V.2004</date>
, larva collected and reared by Guo-Hua Huang, adult eclosed on
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A33619AEF603A094" box="[276,362,1164,1188]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2014-06">June 14</date>
(SCAU);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A3FE19AFF543A095" box="[476,554,1164,1189]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, campus of South
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A0D519AFF453A095" box="[759,826,1164,1189]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
Agricultural University,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A67019AFF3A7A095" box="[1106,1230,1164,1189]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2005-12-01">1.XII.2005</date>
, Hai-Ying Ou fed. (SCAU);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A321198EF632A0F6" box="[259,347,1197,1222]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, campus of South
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A00A198EF502A0F6" box="[552,619,1197,1222]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
Agricultural University,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A1A1198EF483A0F6" box="[899,1002,1197,1222]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2006-05-03">3.V.2006</date>
, Jing Gong fed. (SCAU); Foshan City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A2B519ECF669A0D7" box="[151,256,1230,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Foshan Garden,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A3F019ECF53AA0D7" box="[466,595,1231,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2003-06-23">23.VI.2003</date>
, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (SCAU); Qujiang County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A6BD19ECF386A0D7" box="[1183,1263,1230,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A70D19ECF2F1A0D7" box="[1327,1432,1230,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Qujiang Service Area,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A3B419D3F571A138" box="[406,536,1264,1288]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2003-06-23">23.VI.2003</date>
, Guo-Hua Huang leg. (SCAU); [GUANGXI] Jingxi County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A6E719D3F27AA139" box="[1221,1299,1264,1289]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Renzhuang Village,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2DD1831F6E2A11A" box="[255,395,1298,1322]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2007-07-31">31.VII.2007</date>
, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (SCAU); [HAINAN] Wuzhishan City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A6AE1831F38DA11A" box="[1164,1252,1297,1322]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Mt. Atuoling,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B51811F666A17B" box="[151,271,1330,1355]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2006-10-23">23.X.2006</date>
, Min Wang, Zhen Li &amp; Guo-Hua Huang leg. (HUNAU);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A1B71811F486A17B" box="[917,1007,1330,1355]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, Wuzhishan Mts., 18˚53N, 109˚43E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B51877F630A15C" box="[151,345,1364,1388]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2001-02-20" valueMax="2001-04-10" valueMin="2001-02-20">20.II10.IV.2001</date>
, local collector leg. (MWM); Baisha County (Yinggeling National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A6A51877F389A15D" box="[1159,1248,1364,1389]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Daoyin Village,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B51856F67DA1BE" box="[151,276,1397,1422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2005-12-04">4.XII.2005</date>
, Min Wang &amp; Wei Xiong leg. (SCAU); Wenchang County (Bawangling National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A7611855F2F1A1BE" box="[1347,1432,1397,1422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B518B5F665A19F" box="[151,268,1430,1455]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2006-05-25">25.V.2006</date>
, Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (HUNAU); [YUNNAN] Mojiang County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A1CE18B4F352A19F" box="[1004,1083,1430,1455]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Tongguan Town,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A72F18B5F2F1A19F" box="[1293,1432,1430,1455]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2006-12-29">29.XII.2006</date>
, Min Wang leg. (SCAU); Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A191189BF368A1E1" box="[947,1025,1464,1489]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Puwen,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A64A189BF3D9A1E1" box="[1128,1200,1464,1489]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
SSW Simao,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A76C189BF2FEA1E0" box="[1358,1431,1464,1488]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A2B518FAF60BA1C2" box="[151,354,1497,1522]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2000-03-16" valueMax="2000-04-10" valueMin="2000-03-16">16.III10.IV.2000</date>
, 22˚30N, 100˚02E, Brechlins local collector leg. (MWM); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FF93CE34A7AC18F9F7B9A223" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A2C318D8F644A223" box="[225,301,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
west Yunxian/ Daxing,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A07318D8F5C5A223" box="[593,684,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
west of Dali city, Lincang district,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFF93CE34A67C18D8F3D2A222" box="[1118,1211,1531,1555]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFF93CE34A6EF18D9F2F1A223" box="[1229,1432,1530,1555]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="2000-03-16" valueMax="2000-04-10" valueMin="2000-03-16">16.III10.IV.2000</date>
, 24˚30N, 100˚01E, Brechlins local collector leg. (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2E51B1EF62BA30F" blockId="37.[151,1437,694,2022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2E51B1EF623A266" bold="true" box="[199,330,1597,1622]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bionomics.</emphasis>
The larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A0181B1DF434A266" authority="Linn., 1753" authorityName="Linn." authorityYear="1753" box="[570,861,1597,1622]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A0181B1DF5A2A265" box="[570,715,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ficus carica</emphasis>
Linn., 1753
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A14E1B1DF3AEA266" authority="Linn., 1781" authorityName="Linn." authorityYear="1781" box="[876,1223,1597,1622]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A14E1B1DF35FA265" box="[876,1078,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ficus microcarpa</emphasis>
Linn., 1781
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A6F51B1EF259A266" box="[1239,1328,1597,1622]" class="Globothalamea" family="Rotaliidae" genus="Streblus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A6F51B1EF259A266" box="[1239,1328,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Streblus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A2B51B7CF555A247" authority="Lam., 1789" authorityName="Lam." authorityYear="1789" box="[151,572,1630,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllus">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2B51B7CF6DAA247" box="[151,435,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Artocarpus heterophyllus</emphasis>
Lam., 1789
</taxonomicName>
(all
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A0521B7CF58DA247" box="[624,740,1631,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
). Adults are on the wing throughout the year in
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A7231B7DF23AA247" box="[1281,1363,1630,1655]" name="Taiwan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Plate 5B5E) and Guangdong (Plate 5F). Lin (2005) recorded that young larvae are gray with large subdorsal black spots on A2, and a short fleshy curved horn on A8. Mature larvae were dull brown, mottled paler dorsally and dark brown laterally, and with a purplish-brown double dorsal hump on A2 and a similar but smaller one on A5 (Plate 5G). The cocoon is boat-shaped, closely woven with white or yellow, rather-papery silk (Plate 5H). The pupa is pale yellow and thinly chitinized (Holloway, 1987). The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FF93CE34A1A41A25F49FA32D" box="[902,1014,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Ocinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A1A41A25F49FA32D" box="[902,1014,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. varians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often parasitized by tachinid flies (Plate 6A6D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FF93CE34A2E51A6BF208A3B2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2E51A6BF208A3B2" blockId="37.[151,1437,694,2022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2E51A6BF609A351" bold="true" box="[199,352,1864,1889]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mainland
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A3FC1A6BF548A351" box="[478,545,1864,1889]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
(Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan),
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A1841A6BF491A351" box="[934,1016,1864,1889]" name="Taiwan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and Hainan Islands, southern
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A7771A6AF2F1A350" box="[1365,1432,1865,1888]" name="Japan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A2B51A4AF671A3B2" box="[151,280,1897,1922]" name="Philippines" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A3011A4AF6E5A3B2" box="[291,396,1897,1922]" name="Malaysia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A3B51A4AF56EA3B2" box="[407,519,1897,1922]" name="Indonesia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A0301A4AF51DA3B2" box="[530,628,1897,1922]" name="Vietnam" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A05D1A4AF58CA3B2" box="[639,741,1897,1922]" name="Thailand" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A0D21A4AF45FA3B2" box="[752,822,1897,1922]" name="Nepal" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A1631A4AF412A3B2" box="[833,891,1897,1922]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">India</collectingCountry>
including the Andaman islands,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFF93CE34A6CE1A4AF234A3B2" box="[1260,1373,1897,1922]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FF93CE34A2E51AA9F3A6A3D6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFF93CE34A2E51AA9F3A6A3D6" blockId="37.[151,1437,694,2022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A2E51AA9F652A393" bold="true" box="[199,315,1930,1955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
Holloway (1987) reported that this species was widely distributed in the Oriental Region. It is an important pest of ornamental plants (Huang
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A0AA1A8EF5A9A3F5" box="[648,704,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002; Rajavel &amp; Shanthi, 2007), and so its biological characters and control have been the subject of several recent works (Ou
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A1701AEDF4E3A3D6" box="[850,906,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006; Hussain
<emphasis id="B9667D29FF93CE34A6621AEDF311A3D6" box="[1088,1144,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>