457 lines
50 KiB
XML
457 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="CEF596564DA4AE1D209CA4B59AC6CC15" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc964d8d-9909-4218-87ae-b0489b07dd30" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190673" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461115887240" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Forsman, Zac H. & Birkeland, Charles" docDate="2009" docId="037D8785FFFDFFA6FF7899B6FD8D6CF8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02244p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2244" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Porites randalli Forsman & Birkeland, 2009, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FF44FFFDFFFFFFA0FFEF9A37FFF86A1B" masterDocTitle="Porites randalli: a new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698595141756" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="F5C4B49FC454ECFD5E29914325C4A339" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="168EF7BC21AB0C903E791A4B0D0F25DE">
|
||
<mods:title id="D2CF2593C0755BEB0530CA87904CD89A">Porites randalli: a new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="77F686A9F9CC2BDF75624AD2E2C86853" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="58C648D92706979C799C1069ADB10C16">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="15FCD595132DCEE68AB83E2D578A8486">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DEF988240DA429F07EBB495A6430122C">Forsman, Zac H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5E549A658D0863698843C07E9207D441" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D97F91177684B155F657E9AA9225E1C1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="05E0EAA9AB0119BEB3A0CB285AA116DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="391D561471044C549B5798321B590100">Birkeland, Charles</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E568413FAF207E827966696FCEC58C4E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C61720F0B04543A2F29E9F3139B714EC" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BBCC6E5258591F45A0F449C1EE22479E">
|
||
<mods:title id="1AFDF88744DF9BB867197A388E40CCC5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="1AA5D2CC52A303485DFE6C9B1EAF116B">
|
||
<mods:date id="2464DA3A66A376E9C5FE1251AF66A225">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="025F881A25AE013514C7A21E048E73DF" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4A9D884F7B7971019043793931AF26EB">2244</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F2C255656F213AE2E611C7384AB5C8D6" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="AA55EE30C84C5D6BD64D34C767B1D9E5">51</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="74F3931F7576480E57C3F38439786346">59</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="012F5B95790C10CD92C76B705661BB3C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="63E55E046064D930AF4108BD37E02CF3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190673</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3355178FECC21F3AB9BB82F99AB419A9" type="GBIF-Dataset">fc964d8d-9909-4218-87ae-b0489b07dd30</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7844BA72A3E0DB3FD27754DE94DA5164" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8EF60C7672BEB7DE70D402423D985169" type="Zenodo-Dep">190673</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="037D8785FFFDFFA6FF7899B6FD8D6CF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222330" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119624623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222330" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:037D8785FFFDFFA6FF7899B6FD8D6CF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/037D8785FFFDFFA6FF7899B6FD8D6CF8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CE6518FFFDFFA2FF7899B6FEE969A5" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF7899B6FE2A6981" blockId="2.[151,466,896,958]" box="[151,466,896,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<heading id="D02381FFFFFDFFA2FF7899B6FE2A6981" bold="true" box="[151,466,896,923]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFDFFA2FF7899B6FE2A6981" bold="true" box="[151,466,896,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFDFFA2FF7899B6FEAB6980" ID-CoL="6VW9W" box="[151,339,897,923]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFDFFA2FF7899B6FEAB6980" bold="true" box="[151,339,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A29357FAFFFDFFA2FEB599B7FE2A6981" box="[346,466,896,922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF789993FEE969A5" blockId="2.[151,466,896,958]" box="[151,273,932,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">(figs. 1–3)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CE6518FFFDFFA2FF7899C7FD426FAF" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF7899C7FD706E29" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFDFFA2FF7899C7FE626E11" bold="true" box="[151,410,1008,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="546F8831FFFDFFA2FE4B99C6FDE56E10" box="[420,541,1009,1035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Bishop museum (SC 4161), Ofu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FC2099C6FB526E10" box="[975,1194,1009,1035]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Collector: Charles Birkeland. Colony
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFFDFFA2FE989E2FFE636E29" box="[375,411,1048,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">5 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FE4D9E2FFE256E29" box="[418,477,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(figs. 2A, 3A)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF2A9E09FBF66E64" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<typeStatus id="546F8831FFFDFFA2FF2A9E09FEC36E43" box="[197,315,1086,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: 1—Bishop museum () Ofu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FD189E09FC3E6E43" box="[759,966,1086,1112]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Collector: Daniel Barshis. Colony
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFFDFFA2FA8C9E09FA7F6E43" box="[1379,1415,1086,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">2 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FA629E09FF436E64" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
(fig. 3B-SEM image of genetic sample
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FD609E52FD4E6E64" box="[655,694,1125,1151]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">AS</collectingCountry>
|
||
13 from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFFDFFA2FCF69E52FBFE6E64" author="Forsman" box="[793,1030,1125,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Forsman, Z. H., Barshis, D., Hunter, C. L. & Toonen, R. J. (2009) Shape-shifting corals: Molecular markers show morphology is evolutionarily plastic in Porites. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Forsman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFDFFA2FC689E52FC3A6E65" box="[903,962,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF2A9EBBFDB16ED7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
2—Florida Museum of Natural History (UF Cnidaria 5429), Ofu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FC0D9EBBFB4D6EBD" box="[994,1205,1164,1190]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Collector: Charles Birkeland. Colony
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFFDFFA2FE989E85FE636ED7" box="[375,411,1202,1228]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">4 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FE4C9E85FE256ED7" box="[419,477,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(fig. 2B)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF2A9EEEFEA26F01" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
3—Museum of Tropical Queensland (G62293), Ofu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FCBD9EEEFBD06EE8" box="[850,1064,1241,1267]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Collector: Charles Birkeland. Colony
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFFDFFA2FF1A9F37FEE16F01" box="[245,281,1280,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">4 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FECF9F37FEA26F01" box="[288,346,1280,1306]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF2A9F11FD426F7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
4—Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (
|
||
<collectionCode id="EDC5AE56FFFDFFA2FC689F11FC1B6F5B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[903,995,1318,1344]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1129921), Ofu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FB569F11FA616F5B" box="[1209,1433,1318,1344]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Collector: Charles Birkeland. Colony
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFFDFFA2FDBB9F7AFD816F7C" box="[596,633,1357,1383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">2 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FD6F9F7AFD426F7C" box="[640,698,1357,1383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF2A9F43FD426FAF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
5—Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (
|
||
<collectionCode id="EDC5AE56FFFDFFA2FC689F43FC1B6F95" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[903,995,1396,1422]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1129922), Ofu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFFDFFA2FB569F43FA616F95" box="[1209,1433,1396,1422]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Collector: Charles Birkeland. Colony
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFFDFFA2FDBB9FADFD816FAF" box="[596,633,1434,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">4 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FD6F9FADFD426FAF" box="[640,698,1434,1460]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CE6518FFFDFFA2FF299FF7FD036D9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFDFFA2FF299FF7FD036D9F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1008,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFDFFA2FF299FF7FEA76FC1" bold="true" box="[198,351,1472,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The corallites averaged
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FD6B9FF6FD176FC0" box="[644,751,1473,1499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.16">1.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
(± 0.067 SE) in longest diameter to the midpoint of each wall (min 0.59, max 1.69, n=60 from 6 individuals), with an average distance between corallites of
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FADC9FDFFA646C19" box="[1331,1436,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.13">1.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
(± 0.12 SE, min 0.73, max 1.51). The corallites appear more shallow than most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFDFFA2FB649C38FB1E6C33" box="[1163,1254,1551,1576]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFDFFA2FB649C38FB1E6C33" box="[1163,1254,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tending to be hexagonal with the ring of pali sunken relative to the wall. The average distance from the center of the corallite wall to the center of the lateral pair pali was
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FCF49C6BFC7D6C6D" box="[795,901,1628,1654]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.39">0.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
(± 0.017 SE). The columella were small but generally present, with 1,2 or no radii, six pali (five large pali and a small one on the dorsal septum). The dorsal septum tended to be shorter than other septa, and the ventral triplet was either fused or irregular. The corallite walls were perforate, rising gradually next to a concentric row of denticles with 1–2 trabecular rings forming the corallite wall. The 12 wedge-shaped septa became narrow near the pali. The septa extended approximately half way from the corallite wall to the columella. Living colonies are small (typically <
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FAAA9D2AFA866D2C" box="[1349,1406,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, rarely approaching
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FDE89D73FDAD6D45" box="[519,597,1860,1886]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
) usually pale green, or occasionally brown, or blue, with a surface reticulated with small (
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FE4B9D5DFE0E6D9F" box="[420,502,1898,1924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFFDFFA2FDEA9D5DFDC76D9F" box="[517,575,1898,1924]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
) protuberances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DFAB661BFFFCFFA3FF789D9EFB686DDB" box="[151,1168,1961,1985]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190675/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[273,1313,197,1934]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFCFFA3FF789D9EFB686DDB" blockId="3.[151,1168,1961,1985]" box="[151,1168,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFCFFA3FF789D9EFEE16DDA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFCFFA3FECF9D9DFE316DDA" box="[288,457,1962,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFCFFA3FECF9D9DFE316DDA" box="[288,457,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A29357FAFFFCFFA3FE3F9D9EFDC56DDB" box="[464,573,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFCFFA3FE3F9D9EFDCE6DDA" bold="true" box="[464,566,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">spec. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A: Holotype (SC 4161); B: Paratype (USNM 1129921)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DFAB661BFFFBFFA4FF789D92FDFB6DC4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190676/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[209,1378,205,1921]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFBFFA4FF789D92FDFB6DC4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1957,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFBFFA4FF789D92FEE26DA6" bold="true" box="[151,282,1957,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFBFFA4FECE9D92FE346DA7" box="[289,460,1957,1980]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFBFFA4FECE9D92FE346DA7" box="[289,460,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A29357FAFFFBFFA4FE3B9D92FDBA6DA7" box="[468,578,1957,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFBFFA4FE3B9D92FDC36DA6" bold="true" box="[468,571,1957,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">spec. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
SEM image showing corallite details. A: Holotype (SC 4161); B: Paratype and genetic sample # AS13 ()
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DFAB661BFFFAFFA5FF789D9EFDDD6DF8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[209,1383,213,1918]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFFAFFA5FF789D9EFDDD6DF8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1961,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFAFFA5FF789D9EFEE16DDA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1961,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFAFFA5FECF9D9DFE326DDA" box="[288,458,1962,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFAFFA5FECF9D9DFE326DDA" box="[288,458,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A29357FAFFFAFFA5FE3E9D9EFDC76DDB" box="[465,575,1961,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFAFFA5FE3E9D9EFDC06DDA" bold="true" box="[465,568,1961,1985]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">spec. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: Photographs of living colonies. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFAFFA5FC2C9D9DFBCB6DDA" box="[963,1075,1962,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFAFFA5FC2C9D9DFBCB6DDA" box="[963,1075,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">P. randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left), next to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFAFFA5FB219D9DFAD26DDA" box="[1230,1322,1962,1985]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lichen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFAFFA5FB219D9DFAD26DDA" box="[1230,1322,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">P. lichen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(right). B: Close up of whole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFFAFFA5FE8F9DFBFE286DF8" box="[352,464,1996,2019]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFFAFFA5FE8F9DFBFE286DF8" box="[352,464,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">P. randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CE6518FFF9FFA6FF299AA0FEB26E84" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF299AA0FEB66BDB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF299AA0FEBE6AAA" bold="true" box="[198,326,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FEBB9AAFFDEC6AAA" box="[340,532,152,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FEBB9AAFFDEC6AAA" box="[340,532,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished in the field from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FB199AAFFAB26AAA" box="[1270,1354,152,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FB199AAFFAB26AAA" box="[1270,1354,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FECE9A88FE8E6AC3" box="[289,374,191,216]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FECE9A88FE8E6AC3" box="[289,374,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are either mound-shaped or have finger-shaped branches. When these two groups are put aside, those that are left are in a distinct third
|
||
<typeStatus id="546F8831FFF9FFA6FD379AD2FCF56AE4" box="[728,781,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of colony morphology that is nodular, with fused or anastomozing columnar knobs or nodes. All but three of these with anastomozing columns in the central Pacific are in the group
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FE409B05FDE66B50" box="[431,542,306,331]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Synaraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FE409B05FDE66B50" box="[431,542,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Synaraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with usually small corallites (
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFF9FFA6FC919B05FBE46B57" box="[894,1052,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5 – 0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) that are separated into groups by coenosteal ridges and can resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FD3C9B6EFCAD6B69" box="[723,853,345,370]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Montipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FD3C9B6EFCAD6B69" box="[723,853,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Montipora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FC189B6EFB926B69" box="[1015,1130,345,370]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Synaraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FC189B6EFB926B69" box="[1015,1130,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Synaraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed in a separate subgenus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FED79BB7FE1B6B81" author="Verrill" box="[312,483,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bull of the Mus of Comp Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 29 - 60." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill (1864)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FDCF9BB7FCD56B81" box="[544,813,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Forsman, Z. H., Barshis, D., Hunter, C. L. & Toonen, R. J. (2009) Shape-shifting corals: Molecular markers show morphology is evolutionarily plastic in Porites. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 45." type="journal article">
|
||
Forsman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FD7B9BB7FD2A6B82" box="[660,722,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed the group to be closely related and nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FF069B90FEC56BDB" box="[233,317,423,448]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF069B90FEC56BDB" box="[233,317,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF299BFAFBF26907" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF299BFAFEB96BFC" bold="true" box="[198,321,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Affinities.</emphasis>
|
||
The three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FE2A9BFAFDE26BFD" box="[453,538,461,486]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FE2A9BFAFDE26BFD" box="[453,538,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the central Pacific that have similar corallites and with colonies formed into anatomosing columnar nodules are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FD3D9BC3FC776816" box="[722,911,500,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FD3D9BC3FC776816" box="[722,911,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FC709BC3FBBD6816" box="[927,1093,500,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lichen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FC709BC3FBBD6816" box="[927,1093,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites lichen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FB6F9BC3FADD6816" box="[1152,1317,500,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FB6F9BC3FADD6816" box="[1152,1317,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FAD99BC3FA646816" box="[1334,1436,500,525]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lichen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FAD99BC3FA646816" box="[1334,1436,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. lichen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FF25982DFEC86828" box="[202,304,538,563]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF25982DFEC86828" box="[202,304,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally form larger colonies, often or usually have laminar bases.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FB8A982DFADA6828" box="[1125,1314,538,563]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FB8A982DFADA6828" box="[1125,1314,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFF9FFA6FEE39876FEB16840" box="[268,329,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
diameter and rarely as large as
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFF9FFA6FD379876FCD06840" box="[728,808,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
, nearly always with knobs rising directly from the substratum without a laminar base.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FDD6985FFD4D689A" box="[569,693,616,641]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FDD6985FFD4D689A" box="[569,693,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically has shallow corallites while the corallites of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FAD8985FFA60689A" box="[1335,1432,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. l i c h e n</emphasis>
|
||
appear to be deeper with sharper walls and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FCFE98B8FC8168B3" box="[785,889,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FCFE98B8FC8168B3" box="[785,889,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be slightly larger and separated by thickened walls. Although color is somewhat variable and may not be a reliable taxonomic character for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FF7898EBFF1668EE" box="[151,238,732,757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF7898EBFF1668EE" box="[151,238,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FF1198EBFE3868EE" box="[254,448,732,757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF1198EBFE3868EE" box="[254,448,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually a pale green (occasionally brown or blue),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FBBF98EBFB4168EE" box="[1104,1209,732,757]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lichen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FBBF98EBFB4168EE" box="[1104,1209,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. lichen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually a bright greenish or brownish yellow and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FDF19935FD7B6900" box="[542,643,770,795]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FDF19935FD7B6900" box="[542,643,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. annae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually a pale greenish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF2A991EFBAF6E30" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FEAB991EFE616959" box="[324,409,809,834]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FEAB991EFE616959" box="[324,409,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a complex history of taxonomic confusion with many synonyms. There are as many as 270 extant species named (Don Potts pers. comm.), with only about 52 currently considered valid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FABC9967FF20698B" author="Veron" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Veron, J. E. N. (2000) Corals of the world, Vol. 3. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 490 pp." type="book" year="2000">Veron 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of these species, the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FD759940FC23698B" authority="Gardiner 1898" authorityName="Gardiner" authorityYear="1898" box="[666,987,886,912]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FD759940FCDD698B" box="[666,805,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FCC19941FC23698B" author="Gardiner" box="[814,987,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Gardiner, J. S. (1898) On the perforate corals collected by the author in the South Pacific. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, (2), 257 - 276." type="journal article" year="1898">Gardiner 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(later synonymized with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FAE09940FA8A698B" box="[1295,1394,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. l i c h e n</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FF7899AAFEE769AC" author="Wells" box="[151,287,925,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Wells, J. W. (1954) Recent corals of the Marshall Islands. Professional Papers of the U. S. Geological Survey, 260 - I, 385 - 486." type="book chapter" year="1954">Wells 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), was one of the most likely candidates for close affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FC1499AAFB8E69AD" box="[1019,1142,925,950]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FC1499AAFB8E69AD" box="[1019,1142,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the color was described as deep purple and the photograph in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FD2599F3FC9369C5" author="Bernard" box="[714,875,964,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Bernard, H. M. (1905) The family Poritidae II. The genus Porites part I. Porites of the Indo-Pacific region. Catalog of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 5, 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="1905">Bernard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of one of the three existing specimens was of a colony
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFF9FFA6FF0199DDFECE6E1F" box="[238,310,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall, larger and more pointed and cone-shaped than ever observed in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FBB399DDFB266E18" box="[1116,1246,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FBB399DDFB226E18" box="[1116,1242,1002,1027]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">P. randalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The description of skeletal microstructure was also more consistent with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FCDF9E26FC696E31" box="[816,913,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. l i c h e n</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FC4B9E26FBB26E30" author="Bernard" box="[932,1098,1041,1067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Bernard, H. M. (1905) The family Poritidae II. The genus Porites part I. Porites of the Indo-Pacific region. Catalog of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History), 5, 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="1905">Bernard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF299E00FEB26E84" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF299E00FE676E4A" bold="true" box="[198,415,1079,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Previous records.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FE489E0FFE046E4A" box="[423,508,1080,1105]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FE489E0FFE046E4A" box="[423,508,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FDA59E0FFCBC6E49" author="Birkeland" box="[586,836,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Birkeland, C., Randall, R. H., Wass, R., Smith, B. D. & Wilkens, S. (1987) Biological resource assessment of the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS MEMD 3. 232 pp." type="book" year="1987">
|
||
Birkeland
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FD2A9E0FFCF86E4A" box="[709,768,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FCBF9E0FFC756E49" author="Birkeland" box="[848,909,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Birkeland, C., Randall, R. H. & Amesbury, S. S. (1994) Coral and reef-fish assessment of the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce. 126 pp." type="book" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FC759E0FFC2F6E49" author="Birkeland" box="[922,983,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Birkeland, C., Randall, R. H., Green, A. L., Smith, B. D. & Wilkins, S. (1996) Changes in the coral reef communities of Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Tutuila Island (American Samoa) over the last two decades. Report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, 225 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FC0C9E0FFBD86E49" author="Birkeland" box="[995,1056,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Birkeland, C., Randall, R. H., Green, A. L., Smith, B. D. & Wilkins, S. (2003) Changes in the coral reef communities of Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Tutuila Island (American Samoa), 1982 - 1995. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary Science, (Series 2003 - 1)." type="book chapter" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FBC39E0FFB926E49" author="Birkeland" box="[1068,1130,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Birkeland, C., Green, A. L., Mundy, C. & Miller, K. (2004) Long term monitoring of Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Tutuila Island (American Samoa) 1985 to 2001: summary of surveys conducted in 1998 and 2001. Report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, 158 pp." type="book" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FB999E0FFAC76E49" author="Craig" box="[1142,1343,1080,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Craig, P., Birkeland, C. & Belliveau, S. A. (2001) High temperatures tolerated by a diverse assemblage of shallow water corals. Coral Reefs, 20, 185 - 189." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Craig
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FB509E0FFB016E4A" box="[1215,1273,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FAA49E0FFEA46E63" author="Fisk" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Fisk, D. & Birkeland, C. (2002) Status of coral communities in American Samoa. A re-survey of long-term monitoring sites. Report to the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Government of American Samoa. 134 pp." type="book" year="2002">Fisk & Birkeland 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FE869E69FDAA6E63" author="Fenner" box="[361,594,1118,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Fenner, D., Green, A., Birkeland, C., Squair, C. & Carroll, B. (2008) Long term monitoring of Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Tutuila island, American Samoa: results of surveys conducted in 2007 / 8, including a re-survey of the historic Aua Transect. Report to the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Government of American Samoa and to the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 57 pp." type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Fenner
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FE279E68FDFF6E63" box="[456,519,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FDB09E69FCC56E63" author="Green" box="[607,829,1118,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Green, A. L., Birkeland, C. E., Randall, R. H., Smith, B. D. & Wilkins, S. (1997) 78 years of coral reef degradation in Pago Pago Harbour: a quantitative record. Proceedings of the 8 th International Coral Reef Symposium, 2,1883 - 1888." type="proceedings paper" year="1997">
|
||
Green
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FD5B9E68FD0B6E63" box="[692,755,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FCA49E69FC746E63" author="Green" box="[843,908,1118,1144]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Green, A. L., Birkeland, C. E. & Randall, R. H. (1999) Twenty years of disturbance and change in Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, American Samoa. Pacific Science 53, 376 - 400." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FC769E69FC236E63" author="Green" box="[921,987,1118,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Green, A. L., Miller, K. & Mundy, C. (2005) Long term monitoring of Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Tutuila Island, American Samoa: results of surveys conducted in 2004, including a re-survey of the historic Aua transect. Report to US Department of Commerce and American Samoa Government. 93 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FC069E69FB746E63" author="Mundy" box="[1001,1164,1118,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Mundy, C. (1996) A quantitative survey of the corals of American Samoa. Report to Department of marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Government." type="book" year="1996">Mundy 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FB769E69FA606E63" author="Forsman" box="[1177,1432,1118,1144]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Forsman, Z. H., Barshis, D., Hunter, C. L. & Toonen, R. J. (2009) Shape-shifting corals: Molecular markers show morphology is evolutionarily plastic in Porites. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Forsman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FAE29E68FAB56E63" box="[1293,1357,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FF789EB2FEBE6E84" author="McArdle" box="[151,326,1157,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="McArdle, B. (2003) Report: Statistical analyses for Coral Reef Advisory Group, American Samoa. 142 pp." type="book" year="2003">McArdle 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CE6518FFF9FFA6FF299E9CFD7C6FE0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF299E9CFE286F08" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF299E9CFEAB6EDE" bold="true" box="[198,339,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FD879E9BFD3F6EDD" box="[616,711,1196,1222]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">randalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was chosen to honor Richard H. Randall, who labeled it “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FF4B9EE4FF036EF7" box="[164,251,1235,1260]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF4B9EE4FF036EF7" box="[164,251,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2” during survey work that he has performed since 1979 on the hundreds of coral species that occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFF9FFA6FF129ECEFE346F08" box="[253,460,1273,1299]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF2A9F28FD7C6FE0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF2A9F28FE066F22" bold="true" box="[197,510,1311,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
In surveys during
|
||
<date id="FF6A1053FFF9FFA6FD359F17FC736F21" box="[730,907,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" value="1985" valueMax="1995">1985 and 1995</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FC789F17FC136F22" box="[919,1003,1312,1337]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FC789F17FC136F22" box="[919,1003,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 was the most abundant coral at many survey sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFF9FFA6FE7B9F71FD9D6F7B" box="[404,613,1350,1376]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The total number of coral colonies recorded from 140 species in the survey of 1995 was 12,640. There were 2,289 recordings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FCB29F5AFC4A6F9D" box="[861,946,1389,1414]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FCB29F5AFC4A6F9D" box="[861,946,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFF9FFA6FC0D9F5AFBF76F9C" box="[994,1039,1389,1415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
1995 which comprised over 18% of the individual colonies out of the total for 140 species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FCA89FA3FC3C6FB6" box="[839,964,1428,1453]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FCA89FA3FC3C6FB6" box="[839,964,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">P. randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A29357FAFFF9FFA6FC239FA4FBBC6FB5" box="[972,1092,1427,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FC239FA4FBC66FB6" bold="true" box="[972,1086,1427,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">spec. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occurred rather uniformly at all surveyed depths (ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C2C9B76FFF9FFA6FDDC9F8DFD5F6FCF" box="[563,679,1466,1492]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="6.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 12 m</quantity>
|
||
) in a variety of habitats that tend to have clear water, including shallow pools and fore reef environments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CE6518FFF9FFA6FF299C3FFD8D6CF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B6B3693FFF9FFA6FF299C3FFD8D6CF8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FF299C3FFE7A6C3A" ID-CoL="6VW9W" box="[198,386,1544,1569]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF299C3FFE7A6C3A" box="[198,386,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found at nearly all sites surveyed on the islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFF9FFA6FBA39C3FFAEF6C39" box="[1100,1303,1544,1570]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FAC89C3FFEEF6C53" author="Birkeland" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Birkeland, C., Randall, R. H., Wass, R., Smith, B. D. & Wilkens, S. (1987) Biological resource assessment of the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS MEMD 3. 232 pp." type="book" year="1987">
|
||
Birkeland
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FF789C18FF2A6C53" box="[151,210,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF454B62FFF9FFA6FECB9C19FE456C53" author="Mundy" box="[292,445,1582,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Mundy, C. (1996) A quantitative survey of the corals of American Samoa. Report to Department of marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Government." type="book" year="1996">Mundy 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) including Fagatele Bay, Leone, Amanave, Massacre Bay, Fagafue, Sita Bay, Cape Larsen, Fagasa, Vatia, Masefau, Aoa, Onenoa, Matuli Point, Auasi, Fagaitua, Onenoa, Leloaloa, Rainmaker Hotel, Faga’alu, Fatumafuti Rock, and Nu’uuli on Tutuila Island, Fagamalo, Faga and Lepula on Ta’u
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFF9FFA6FAA29C4BFA6F6C8D" box="[1357,1431,1660,1686]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and on Aunu’u
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C37603FFF9FFA6FEA29C95FE606CA7" box="[333,408,1698,1724]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ofu Island and Olosega Island. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD44D10FFF9FFA6FC629C94FBBF6CA7" ID-CoL="6VW9W" box="[909,1095,1699,1724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Porites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A0EA81FFF9FFA6FC629C94FBBF6CA7" box="[909,1095,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Porites randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not found at the surveys sites studied by Mayor (Aua and Utelei).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |