284 lines
34 KiB
XML
284 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="426CB12B4A515E7332A22930DFDC4548" ID-CLB-Dataset="7713" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n4a7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03becb1a-f3c9-410a-997c-37416648bc7d" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597129" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615471060325" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie, Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar, Zhang, Zhaoqun, Watabe, Mahito, Kaakinen, Anu & Fortelius, Mikael" docDate="2011" docId="03F88A03B63E3C030FE7FB2EFE5D5C8F" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.33.4.709-728.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n4a7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:114CCA64FC7D8BA2E5ECF0ED28D0D884.3:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="114CCA64FC7D8BA2E5ECF0ED28D0D884" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oioceros atropatenes Rodler & Weithofer 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="720" masterDocId="FFC1F27BB6373C080D25FFEAFF805A35" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)" masterLastPageNumber="728" masterPageNumber="709" pageNumber="718" updateTime="1698933105959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7E0ABAA555E02BE0ABAC28F533FAA785">
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<mods:title id="12C4BDFE88735517DD33EA3DF2856BED">Late Miocene large mammals from Ivand (Northwestern Iran)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="33BFEFC8EF7743E7ABCF5FAB90DC99B1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="058BEF907D9B36BE1ECA4F5F4906679C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1A9367A44B593DD7D7A24D71A19E9A50">Ataabadi, Majid Mirzaie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A5ACDF22D3F015852904B9537F24C3A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FD89E4EEE31DAE312A5EF5E24760FA37">Mohammadalizadeh, Jafar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3474707C5DF2657D3258F66D6D188CAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3858AA61614F919B398DC9744352F3DC">Zhang, Zhaoqun</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="14FF6E9F50759539DE391A9913CADC1A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4C9FCF026073EAACC957806A9CD34790">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4A9617DC3FB3785A7636C84B98FDA58F">Watabe, Mahito</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7789CCFD8647EB075491BC74382BE42F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FF7FF2A01F10B65029B0E4EE826CDDB0">Kaakinen, Anu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3C4084DFB1352D33E079564C79EF599">Fortelius, Mikael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="68537AE45325497883689D595B060D93">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D28EA34DB1D5E11F8C200DC5B8A7F71">
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<mods:date id="F291AB1F05EDAF8B70CF2A2E0DD05006">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="322335CCC8469BEDF28B9140BB0229CB">2011-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F7648E5BC0C7DA9D6F8E7839FAB68C4C">33</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="922753C1AF733B8A10B0D2AB8E4C5172">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n4a7</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5989C6D218A626C896BBDB9339FF64CD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="24AF2C78D6A978567078FA8C53F1179F" type="DOI">10.5252/g2011n4a7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="515EBF8DEDDE3D03C86A2FCF89BE663B" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="279D0FC3F75ED71FA4BC2A243326DC80" type="Zenodo-Dep">4597129</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F88A03B63E3C030FE7FB2EFE5D5C8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608723" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180584421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F88A03B63E3C030FE7FB2EFE5D5C8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F88A03B63E3C030FE7FB2EFE5D5C8F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="720" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63E3C010FE7FB2EFD6B5F7A" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010FE7FB2EFB855ECA" blockId="9.[706,1225,1220,1279]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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<heading id="D0A68C79B63E3C010FE7FB2EFB855ECA" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63E3C010FE7FB2EFB495EEA" authority="Rodler & Weithofer, 1890" authorityName="Rodler & Weithofer" authorityYear="1890" box="[706,1225,1220,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atropatenes">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63E3C010FE7FB2EFC205EEA" bold="true" box="[706,928,1220,1247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Oioceros atropatenes</emphasis>
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Rodler & Weithofer, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010EAAFB0EFC7D5ECA" box="[911,1021,1252,1279]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[136,146,1435,1452]" captionTargetBox="[162,1204,247,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-89@16.[136,1232,236,1393]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7.— Gazella sp.(A-D, G, H) and Oioceros atropatenes Rodler & Weithofer,1890 (E, F) from Ivand locality (NW Iran):A, B, HMNH-IV140 in frontal (A) and lateral (B) views; C, D, HMNH-IV138 in frontal (C) and lateral (D) views; E, F, HMNH-IV200 in lateral-posterior (E) and frontal (F) views; G, H, HMNH-IV139 in lateral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bars: A, B, G, H, 20 mm; C, D, 15 mm; E, F, 25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597149/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010F9EFAF4FD6B5F7A" blockId="9.[699,1233,1309,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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LOCALITY. — Quarry 1, Ivand district, north of Tabriz,
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<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63E3C010F9EFAD2FD665F7A" box="[699,742,1336,1359]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63E3C010F9EFA82FC5B5FFA" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010F9EFA82FC5B5FFA" blockId="9.[697,1233,1383,1487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Left horn-core (
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<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B63E3C010916FA8DFB265F4A" box="[1075,1190,1383,1407]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
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200;
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<figureCitation id="136A2790B63E3C010F9CFA68FC985FAF" box="[697,792,1410,1434]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[136,146,1435,1452]" captionTargetBox="[162,1204,247,1372]" captionTargetId="figure-89@16.[136,1232,236,1393]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7.— Gazella sp.(A-D, G, H) and Oioceros atropatenes Rodler & Weithofer,1890 (E, F) from Ivand locality (NW Iran):A, B, HMNH-IV140 in frontal (A) and lateral (B) views; C, D, HMNH-IV138 in frontal (C) and lateral (D) views; E, F, HMNH-IV200 in lateral-posterior (E) and frontal (F) views; G, H, HMNH-IV139 in lateral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bars: A, B, G, H, 20 mm; C, D, 15 mm; E, F, 25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597149/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
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), right mandible with p4-m3 (
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<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B63E3C01091CFA68FB315FAF" box="[1081,1201,1410,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
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67;
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<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010F9FFA76FC815F81" box="[698,769,1436,1460]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[138,145,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the length and width (L/W) of the Bovid teeth from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Question mark (?) indicates unavailable measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB63A3C050DAFFF18FE575B2C" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB63A3C050DAFFF18FE575B2C">Table 3</tableCitation>
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), right mandible with broken m2 and complete m3 (
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<collectionCode id="ED40A3D0B63E3C010FCCFA5DFCE25FFA" box="[745,866,1463,1487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">HMNH-IV</collectionCode>
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69;
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<tableCitation id="C6D30EAEB63E3C010EA0FA5DFC4E5FFA" box="[901,974,1463,1487]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[138,145,242,259]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the length and width (L/W) of the Bovid teeth from the Ivand locality (NW Iran). Question mark (?) indicates unavailable measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2E6B9DB63A3C050DAFFF18FE575B2C" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" tableUuid="DF2E6B9DB63A3C050DAFFF18FE575B2C">Table 3</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B689EB63E3C030F9EF9E8FE5D5C8F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="720" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010F9EF9E8FCCC5C2F" blockId="9.[697,1232,1538,1722]" box="[699,844,1538,1564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63E3C010F9EF9CBFB505C8F" blockId="9.[697,1232,1538,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="718">
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The horn-core specimen is partly broken at the base and the tip. The antero-posterior diameter cannot be measured precisely due to the basal missing part on both the anterior and posterior sides. However, we estimate that it exceeds
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<quantity id="4CA996F0B63E3C010EC9F94AFBC35C8F" box="[1004,1091,1696,1722]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="718" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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. The medio-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63D3C030DABFF05FDE65B1D" blockId="10.[142,1200,239,299]" lastBlockId="11.[134,671,238,835]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="720" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">
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A M1 M2 M3 M4 M6 M7 M14 M15 M23 M25 M30 M31 M32 M33 lateral diameter is
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<quantity id="4CA996F0B63D3C020C68FA08FE345FC9" box="[333,436,1506,1532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" unit="mm" value="17.4">17.4 mm</quantity>
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. The DAP and DT at
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<quantity id="4CA996F0B63D3C020DADF9EBFF3F5C29" box="[136,191,1537,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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above the base are
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<quantity id="4CA996F0B63D3C020CB1F9EBFE795C29" box="[404,505,1537,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" unit="mm" value="12.7">12.7 mm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity id="4CA996F0B63D3C020F14F9EBFD195C29" box="[561,665,1537,1564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
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, respectively. The total preserved length is
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<quantity id="4CA996F0B63D3C020F68F9CBFD1D5C09" box="[589,669,1569,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
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from the pedicle. By the preserved part of the orbit and remnant of the frontal, the horn-core is located above the posterior part of the orbit, tilted slightly backwards with a weak curvature. The horn-core is slender with a roughly oval cross section. The antero-posterior and transverse diameters diminish slowly from the base upwards. There are two weak keels, one starting from the antero-lateral side, and the other from the postero-lateral side. These two keels enclose a slightly convex outer surface and a more rounded inner surface. The keels spiral clock- wise roughly one gyre from the base to the tip by estimation. There is also a postcornual fossa.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2E6B9DB63D3C020DADFAAEFE0D5F9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597143/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" startId="10.[136,147,1348,1365]" targetBox="[141,1217,290,1306]" targetPageId="10">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63D3C020DADFAAEFE0D5F9A" blockId="10.[136,1233,1348,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">
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FIG. 4. — Logarithmic ratio diagrams comparing the skull of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020F5CFAAEFD4A5F60" authorityName="de Christol" authorityYear="1832" box="[633,714,1348,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020F5CFAAEFD4A5F60" box="[633,714,1348,1365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">Hipparion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. Large (HMNH-IV1) from the Ivand locality to:
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020947FAAEFBEF5F60" bold="true" box="[1122,1135,1348,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C02095CFAAEFF265F5E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H. brachy pus</emphasis>
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Hensel, 1862,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020C06FAB0FE4D5F5E" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1911" box="[291,461,1370,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscideum">
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||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020C06FAB0FEB75F5E" box="[291,311,1370,1387]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H.</emphasis>
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||
cf.
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020C70FAB0FE4D5F5E" box="[341,461,1370,1387]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">proboscideum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020CD9FAB0FD735F5E" authority="Gromova, 1952" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[508,755,1370,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020CD9FAB0FDEC5F5E" box="[508,620,1370,1387]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H. giganteum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63D3C020F54FAB0FD735F5E" author="GROMOVA V." box="[625,755,1370,1387]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref11085" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - [Gippariony (rod Hipparion) po materialam Taraklii, Pavlodara i drugim]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 36: 1 - 478 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from localities in the eastern Mediterranean and northern Black Sea regions; and
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020C77FA9BFEDF5FB7" bold="true" box="[338,351,1393,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">B</emphasis>
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, “
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<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020C57FA9BFE065FB7" box="[370,390,1393,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H.</emphasis>
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î
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020CB6FA9BFDB55FB7" authority="Bernor, 1985" authorityName="Bernor" authorityYear="1985" box="[403,565,1393,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gettyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020CB6FA9BFE415FB7" box="[403,449,1393,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">gettyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63D3C020CE2FA9BFDB55FB7" author="BERNOR R. L." box="[455,565,1393,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" pagination="173 - 269" refId="ref10190" refString="BERNOR R. L. 1985. - Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (Late Miocene, Turolian age). Palaeovertebrata 15 (4): 173 - 269." type="journal article" year="1985">Bernor, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020F63FA9BFDDA5FB7" box="[582,602,1393,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H.</emphasis>
|
||
î
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020F42FA9BFD6C5FB7" authorityName="Gromova" authorityYear="1952" box="[615,748,1393,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020FA2FA9BFD6C5FB7" box="[647,748,1393,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">moldavicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020FD2FA9BFF3F5FAC" authority="Gromova, 1952 sensu Watabe & Nakaya 1991 b" authorityName="Gromova, 1952 sensu Watabe & Nakaya" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020FD2FA9BFCF55FB7" box="[759,885,1393,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H. moldavicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63D3C020E5EFA9BFC7D5FB7" author="GROMOVA V." box="[891,1021,1393,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref11085" refString="GROMOVA V. 1952. - [Gippariony (rod Hipparion) po materialam Taraklii, Pavlodara i drugim]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 36: 1 - 478 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1952">Gromova, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020926FA9BFBB45FB7" box="[1027,1076,1393,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63D3C02091FFA9BFF3F5FAC" author="WATABE M. & NAKAYA H." pageId="10" pageNumber="719" pagination="55 - 125" refId="ref11808" refString="WATABE M. & NAKAYA H. 1991 b. - Cranial skeletons of Hipparion (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Maragheh (Turolian, Late Miocene), NW Iran. Memoirs of the Faculty of Sciences, Kyoto University 56 (1 - 2): 55 - 125." type="journal article" year="1991">Watabe & Nakaya 1991b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020DE9FA62FE245FAC" authority="Bernor, 1985" authorityName="Bernor" authorityYear="1985" box="[204,420,1416,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campbelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020DE9FA62FEB35FAC" box="[204,307,1416,1433]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H. campbelli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63D3C020C1CFA62FE245FAC" author="BERNOR R. L." box="[313,420,1416,1433]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" pagination="173 - 269" refId="ref10190" refString="BERNOR R. L. 1985. - Systematic and evolutionary relationships of the hipparionine horses from Maragheh, Iran (Late Miocene, Turolian age). Palaeovertebrata 15 (4): 173 - 269." type="journal article" year="1985">Bernor, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020CE8FA62FD2F5FAC" authority="Gervais, 1849" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1849" box="[461,687,1416,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prostylum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020CE8FA62FDB75FAC" box="[461,567,1416,1433]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H. prostylum</emphasis>
|
||
Gervais, 1849
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Maragheh, NW Iran. Standard,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63D3C020EC4FA62FB4B5FAC" authority="Meyer, 1833" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1833" box="[993,1227,1416,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="primigenium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020EC4FA62FBE05FAC" box="[993,1120,1416,1433]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">H. primigenium</emphasis>
|
||
Meyer, 1833
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Höwenegg (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63D3C020DC9FA74FE045F9A" author="BERNOR R. L. & TOBIEN H. & HAYEK L. A. & MITTMANN H. W." box="[236,388,1438,1455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="719" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref10435" refString="BERNOR R. L., TOBIEN H., HAYEK L. A. & MITTMANN H. W. 1997. - The Howenegg hipparionine horses: systematic, stratigraphy, taphonomy and paleoenvironmental context. Andrias 10: 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Bernor
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63D3C020C0FFA74FED45F9A" box="[298,340,1438,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="719">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63C3C030DBAFEC4FE775976" blockId="11.[134,671,238,835]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">p4 is long and narrow. The paraconid is not separated from the parastylid. The anterior valley is wide. The metaconid is situated posterior to the protoconid. The entoconid is close to the entostylid. A wide and shallow valley separates the protoconid from the hypoconid.m1 is well worn. The parastylid is developed, and well separated from the metaconid. There is no goat fold, thus rendering the anterior border much narrower. The lingual wall is flat with weak metastylids. The entostylid is larger. There is a large basal pillar between the protoconid and the metaconid. m2 is very similar in morphology to m1, except for its larger, more convex lingual wall, and lower basal pillar. The parastylid on m3 is more pronounced and well separated from the metaconid. The basal pillar is small and low. The hypoconulid is large and postero-labially offset.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63C3C030DADFC83FE9859B4" blockId="11.[134,672,873,1722]" box="[136,280,873,899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">COMPARISON</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE3B15B63C3C030DADFC62FE5D5C8F" blockId="11.[134,672,873,1722]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">
|
||
Based on the small size, insertion above the posterior part of orbit, the clockwise torsion on the left horn-core from the base, and two keels, the horn-core IV200 from Ivand locality can readily be assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030CEEFBEDFDA55E14" authorityName="Gaillard" authorityYear="1902" box="[459,549,1031,1057]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030CEEFBEDFDA55E14" box="[459,549,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Oioceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA85B7B63C3C030F13FBEDFDE75E14" box="[566,615,1031,1057]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030D9DFBCCFE795E74" authority="Wagner, 1857" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1857" box="[184,505,1062,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antelope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030D9DFBCCFED45E75" box="[184,340,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Antelope rothii</emphasis>
|
||
Wagner, 1857
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pikermi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63C3C030DAFFBACFF585E55" box="[138,216,1094,1120]" name="Greece" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63C3C030DD5FBACFE135E55" author="GAILLARD C." box="[240,403,1094,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" pagination="69 - 103" refId="ref10953" refString="GAILLARD C. 1902. - Le belier de Mendes ou le mouton domestique de l'ancienne Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe d'Anthropologie de Lyon 20: 69 - 103." type="journal article" year="1902">Gaillard 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since then, numerous species were included or assigned to this genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63C3C030F5BFB8CFEDC5EAA" author="DE MECQUENEM R." pageId="11" pageNumber="720" pagination="135 - 160" refId="ref10673" refString="DE MECQUENEM R. 1924. - Contribution a l'etude des fossiles de Maragha. Annales de Paleontologie 13: 135 - 160." type="journal article" year="1924">De Mecquenem (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized three species from Maragheh:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030DDAFB4FFD845EF5" authority="(Wagner, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[255,516,1189,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antelope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030DDAFB4FFE935E8A" box="[255,275,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030C3AFB4FFED75E8A" box="[287,343,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">rothii</emphasis>
|
||
(Wagner, 1857)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030F28FB4FFD1D5E8A" authorityName="Rodler & Weithofer" authorityYear="1890" box="[525,669,1189,1215]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atropatenes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030F28FB4FFDA15E8A" box="[525,545,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030F08FB4CFD1D5E8A" box="[557,669,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">atropatenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030D9CFB2FFE745EEA" authority="Mecquenem, 1924" authorityName="Mecquenem" authorityYear="1924" box="[185,500,1220,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030D9CFB2FFF4D5EEA" box="[185,205,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030DF9FB2EFE9B5EEB" box="[220,283,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">boulei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63C3C030C06FB2FFE745EEA" author="DE MECQUENEM R." box="[291,500,1221,1247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" pagination="135 - 160" refId="ref10673" refString="DE MECQUENEM R. 1924. - Contribution a l'etude des fossiles de Maragha. Annales de Paleontologie 13: 135 - 160." type="journal article" year="1924">Mecquenem, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63C3C030F25FB2EFD1D5EEA" author="HEINTZ E." box="[512,669,1220,1247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" pagination="109 - 116" refId="ref11119" refString="HEINTZ E. 1963. - Complement d'etude sur Oioceros atropatenes (Rod. et Weith.), Antilope du Pontien de Maragha (Iran). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 5: 109 - 116." type="journal article" year="1963">Heintz (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030C32FB0FFEF45ECB" authorityName="Mecquenem" authorityYear="1924" box="[279,372,1252,1279]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030C32FB0FFEAB5ECA" box="[279,299,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030C12FB0EFEF45ECB" box="[311,372,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">boulei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030C88FB0FFDBD5ECB" authorityName="Rodler & Weithofer" authorityYear="1890" box="[429,573,1253,1279]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atropatenes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030C88FB0FFE415ECA" box="[429,449,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030CE8FB0FFDBD5ECB" box="[461,573,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">atropatenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on his detailed description and comparison.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63C3C030F08FAEEFF505F0B" author="ROUSSIAKIS S. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="720" pagination="717 - 735" refId="ref11586" refString="ROUSSIAKIS S. J. 2003. - Oioceros rothii (Wagner, 1857) from the Late Miocene of Pikermi (Greece): cranial and dental morphology, comparison with related forms. Geodiversitas 25 (4): 717 - 735." type="journal article" year="2003">Roussiakis (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently described in detail an almost complete skull with mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030CECFAAEFDE15F68" box="[457,609,1347,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030CECFAAEFDE15F68" box="[457,609,1347,1374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Oioceros rothii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pikermi and reviewed the generic status. Besides the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA85B7B63C3C030D97FA69FF605FA8" box="[178,224,1411,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, he listed only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030CEBFA69FD1D5FA9" authorityName="Rodler & Weithofer" authorityYear="1890" box="[462,669,1411,1437]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atropatenes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030CEBFA69FD1D5FA9" box="[462,669,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Oioceros atropatenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus. The present specimen is smaller and less laterally compressed than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030CEFFA28FDE25FE9" box="[458,610,1474,1500]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030CEFFA28FDE25FE9" box="[458,610,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Oioceros rothii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pikermi. The main keel is much weaker and the upper part of the horn-core diverges less. The size falls into the variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030CB6F9CBFDE25C0E" authorityName="Rodler & Weithofer" authorityYear="1890" box="[403,610,1569,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atropatenes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030CB6F9CBFDE25C0E" box="[403,610,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Oioceros atropatenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Maragheh,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3467B85B63C3C030C20F9ABFEB15C6E" box="[261,305,1601,1627]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC046E4B63C3C030C67F9ABFE525C69" author="HEINTZ E." box="[322,466,1601,1628]" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" pagination="109 - 116" refId="ref11119" refString="HEINTZ E. 1963. - Complement d'etude sur Oioceros atropatenes (Rod. et Weith.), Antilope du Pontien de Maragha (Iran). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 5: 109 - 116." type="journal article" year="1963">Heintz 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The morphology of the horn-core is also consistent with those from Maragheh. Hence, the horn-core specimen can be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514096B63C3C030C20F94AFE565C8F" authorityName="Rodler & Weithofer" authorityYear="1890" box="[261,470,1696,1722]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oioceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="720" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atropatenes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925E707B63C3C030C20F94AFE565C8F" box="[261,470,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="720">Oioceros atropatenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |