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<mods:title id="F688977BB4DAC4A50EE93EE908D2AB7B">Revision of the genus Dimophora Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F79F22AFE3D9FE730095EC02A4611D7">Omatsu, Yuji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AE9A9E3B8192C212CAAB46EA3EB3E28">y. omatsu 1998 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0002 - 9049 - 7542</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2939E1E58CE1A7F39B7639B7D8CCB0F1">Kazuhiko Konishi</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0B1E43BFF90E14539CDA2ABFE7982D6" bold="true" box="[151,484,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" reason="1">
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Genus­­­
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E14539B4A2ABFE4182D6" ID-CoL="45LM" ID-ENA="494255" authority="Forster" box="[238,476,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E14539B4A2ABFEE482D6" bold="true" box="[238,377,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Dimophora</emphasis>
­­­Förster
</taxonomicName>
­­­
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35C00DCFF90E14539CDA2EBFE788311" box="[151,485,1258,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E14539CDA2EBFE7C8311" ID-CoL="45LM" authority="Forster, 1869" authorityName="Forster" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,481,1258,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E14539CDA2EBFE918311" box="[151,268,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Dimophora</emphasis>
Förster; 1869: 155
</taxonomicName>
.
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<subSubSection id="C35C00DCFF90E14538B5A2EBFD9F8333" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" type="type_taxon">
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Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E1453BDCA2EBFC248311" ID-CoL="3679Z" authority="Brischke" authorityName="Brischke" authorityYear="1880" box="[646,953,1258,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E1453BDCA2EBFCCE8311" box="[646,851,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Dimophora robusta</emphasis>
Brischke
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E1453A81A2EBFB6C8311" ID-CoL="3679V" authority="Gravenhorst 1829 b" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[987,1265,1258,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E1453A81A2EBFB858312" box="[987,1048,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">nitens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E1453D7EA2EBFB6C8311" author="Gravenhorst, J. L. C." box="[1060,1265,1258,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" refId="ref9114" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829 b) Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars III. Sumtibus auctoris, Vratislaviae, 1097 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65750" type="book" year="1829">Gravenhorst 1829b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
], by subsequent inclusion (Brischke, 1894: 55).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35C00DCFF90E14539CDA326FEDE836F" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB567479FF90E14539CDA326FCDB832C" box="[151,838,1319,1343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE77546FF90E14539CDA326FDA0832C" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[151,573,1319,1343]" page="1356" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E14539CDA326FDA0832C" authority="Thomson, 1889: 1355 - 1356" authorityName="Thomson" authorityPageNumber="1355 - 1356" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,573,1319,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E14539CDA326FE8B832C" box="[151,278,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Dimophorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E1453846A326FDA0832C" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[284,573,1319,1343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" pagination="1354 - 1400" refId="ref9565" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1889) XL. Forsok till gruppering och beskrifning af arterna inom slagtet Porizon (Grav.). Opuscula Entomologica. Lund, 13, 1354 - 1400." type="journal article" year="1889">Thomson, 1889: 13551356</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. [Unjustfied emendation.]
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF90E14539CDA347FEDE836F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E14539CDA347FE89834D" box="[151,276,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Olidotmema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E1453844A347FE67834D" author="Cushman, R. A." box="[286,506,1350,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" pagination="251 - 292" refId="ref8903" refString="Cushman, R. A. (1920) North American Ichneumon-flies, new and described, with taxonomic and nomenclatorial notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 58, 251 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.58 - 2334.251" type="journal article" year="1920">Cushman, 1920: 280</bibRefCitation>
. Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E1453BC1A347FC55834D" authority="Cushman" authorityName="Cushman" box="[667,968,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" genus="Oligotmema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prima">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E1453BC1A347FCC2834E" box="[667,863,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Oligotmema prima</emphasis>
Cushman
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF90E1453AB2A347FA8A834D" ID-CoL="3679R" authority="Gravenhorst 1829 a" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[1000,1303,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evanialis">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E1453AB2A347FBDE834D" box="[1000,1091,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">evanialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E1453D17A347FA8A834D" author="Gravenhorst, J. L. C." box="[1101,1303,1350,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" refId="ref9074" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829 a) Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars II. Sumtibus auctoris, Vratislaviae, 989 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65750" type="book" year="1829">Gravenhorst 1829a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
], by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C00DCFF90E14539CDA3ABFA108166" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF90E14539CDA3ABFD2E808E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1450,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E14539CDA3ABFEBB83D6" bold="true" box="[151,294,1450,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Diagonosis.­­­</emphasis>
Referring to
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E14538EDA3AAFDCC83D6" author="Dasch, C. E." box="[439,593,1451,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" pagination="1 - 702" refId="ref8954" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1979) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 8. Subfamily Cremastinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 29, 1 - 702." type="journal article" year="1979">Dasch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E1453B07A3AAFD6983D6" author="Gauld, I. D." box="[605,756,1451,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" pagination="1 - 453" refId="ref9019" refString="Gauld, I. D. (2000) The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica. Vol. 3. Introduction and keys to species of the subfamilies Brachyicyrtinae, Cremastinae, Labeninae and Oxytorinae, with an appendix on the Anomaloninae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 63, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="2000">Gauld (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF90E1453A71A3AAFC4A83D6" author="Townes, H. K." box="[811,983,1451,1477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref9629" refString="Townes, H. K. (1971) The genera of Ichneumonidae, part 4. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 17, 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1971">Townes (1971)</bibRefCitation>
. Small to moderately sized species, four wing length
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. Head with occipital carina complete, or narrowly interrupted medially; frons without a median horn; mandible with upper tooth shorter than lower tooth, or teeth subequal; maxillary and labial palpi with 5 and 4 segments respectively. Mesosoma not particularly elongate; pronotum unspecialized, with epomia lacking or weak; mesoscutum with notauli quite shallowly impressed;
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF90E1453A0AA03AFCCA8046" bold="true" box="[848,855,1595,1621]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">­­­</emphasis>
scutellum weakly convex; propodeum with anterior and posterior transverse carinae present, more or less complete, lateromedian and lateral longitudinal carinae more or less complete between the transverse carinae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF90E145399DA0A6FCF980F6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1450,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Fore wing with areolet, triangular, trapezoidal or pentagonal. Hind wing with 2nd abscissas of CU and AA weak or absent, arising from below middle of nervellus when present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF90E1453995A0EEFF45813E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1450,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Legs with tarsal claws unspecialized; mid and hind tibia with two apical spurs; hind femur without a ventral tooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF90E145399DA136FA108166" blockId="1.[151,1437,1450,1909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="538">Metasoma with lower margins of T1 widely separated, the first sternite visible between them; T1 with glymma; T2 without thyridium; ovipositor usually straight or apically downcurved; genitalia simple, without lobe or tooth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C00DCFF93E14639CDA696FD39852A" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E14639CDA696FDE986A2" bold="true" box="[151,628,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Description­­­based­­­on­­­Japanese­­­species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF93E14639CDA6BAFC718506" blockId="2.[151,1443,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
Body length
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E1463845A6BAFEB986C6" bold="true" box="[287,292,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">­­­</emphasis>
about
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.
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E14638A3A6BAFDA386C6" bold="true" box="[505,574,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Head­­­</emphasis>
1.11.4 times as wide as high, face 1.72.6 times as wide as high, head 1.82.5 times as wide as face; granulate with dense setae; area between eye and antennal base flat, without protrusion; eye not covered with short setae; POL/OD=1.21.8, OOL/OD=0.81.4, wide of temple/OD=1.52.2; clypeus 1.42.2 as long as wide; malar space 0.40.9 times as long as basal mandibular width; antenna with 2435 flagellomeres; 1st fragellomere 1.01.5 times as long as 2nd, 3.24.7 as long as wide.
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E1463ADAA74AFC638776" bold="true" box="[896,1022,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Mesosoma</emphasis>
puncto-strigose with dense setae; not particularly elongate, 1.41.7 times as long as high; mesoscutum 0.91.1 times as long as wide; scutellum 0.61.1 times as long as wide; axilla with carina of posterior margin broadened to form raised subtriangular smooth area (Figs 9, 18, 24); speculum bald and glossy; propodeum with area superomedia 0.40.7 as long as area petiolaris.
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E14639CDA7DAFF7787E6" bold="true" box="[151,234,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Wings­­­</emphasis>
with densely setae, hyaline and tinged with pale brown to brown. Fore wing
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long, 2.33.0 as long as wide; stigma moderately wide, 2.12.9 times as long as wide; areolet oblique to rhombic, 0.61.0 times as long as wide. Hind wing with 5 or 6 distal hamuli.
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E1463A5CA422FC1F842E" bold="true" box="[774,898,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Metasoma</emphasis>
granulate and sparsely punctate with setae; T1
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long, 2.12.9 as long as wide, 1.32.2 times as long as T2; petiole 1.11.8 times as long as postpetiole; T2
<quantity id="4CBEFEB2FF93E146399AA46AFED48495" box="[192,329,619,646]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.40.8 mm</quantity>
long, 0.61.1 times as long as wide; from the T3 almost smooth, faintly coriaseous.
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E1463C47A46AFEB384BA" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Ovipositor­­­down-curved</emphasis>
, with a dorsal subapical notch,
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E1463BD6A48EFD0E84BA" bold="true" box="[652,659,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">­­­</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CBEFEB2FF93E1463BCEA48EFC8084B9" box="[660,797,655,682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.1">1.12.7 mm</quantity>
long, 2.22.5 times as long as hind 1st tarsomere.
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E1463C3AA48EFE9184DE" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Male­­­genitalia.­­­</emphasis>
Paramere (Figs 19, 22) with setae and a wide notch on dorso-apical margin; digitus tapering toward pointed apex; cuspis parallel sided with rounded apical margin; aedeagus (Figs 20, 23) less slender; penis valve with spines on mesad surface of subapical portion and ventral edge (Figs 21, 24).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF93E146399DA521FD39852A" blockId="2.[151,1443,151,1005]" box="[199,676,799,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E146399DA521FED8852A" box="[199,325,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Bionomics.</emphasis>
No additional records of hosts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C00DCFF93E146399DA542FE1A85FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF93E146399DA542FEB38592" blockId="2.[151,1443,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E146399DA542FEA8854E" bold="true" box="[199,309,835,862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E146399DA542FEB3854D" bold="true" box="[199,302,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="F35113C7FF93E1463803A545FE01854D" box="[345,412,836,862]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF93E14638FCA542FDBA854E" authority="Forster" box="[422,551,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E14638FCA542FDBA854E" box="[422,551,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Dimophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from other genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF93E1463D13A542FB48854E" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1097,1237,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cremastinae">Cremastinae</taxonomicName>
by having areolet on fore wing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF95357FF93E146399DA58AFE1A85FE" blockId="2.[151,1443,151,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD72EA6FF93E146399DA58AFEFF85B6" author="Dasch, C. E." box="[199,354,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" pagination="1 - 702" refId="ref8954" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1979) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 8. Subfamily Cremastinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 29, 1 - 702." type="journal article" year="1979">Dasch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
stated that “[propodeum with] lateral longitudinal carinae more or less complete between the transverse carinae”, however, posterior half of the carinae (lateral longitudinal carina in area dentipara) is missing in
<taxonomicName id="4C4628D4FF93E14639EEA5D5FE8A85FE" authorityName="Omatsu &amp; ---" authorityYear="2023" box="[180,279,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dimophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B9328F45FF93E14639EEA5D5FE8A85FE" box="[180,279,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">D. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 31).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>