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<document id="4DA77B2A66660A32DC395B3D8E60C44A" ID-CLB-Dataset="7257" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4952.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a18cb04d-1682-4a00-b261-32b692ddcaf1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4690672" ID-ZooBank="51457299-2BF2-4B1B-B13A-EB09DF29C3A2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618448145509" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zheng, Yuchen &amp; Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2021" docId="03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4952.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4952 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="555" masterDocId="FFD6FF8B91151A07E226041DEF43CA76" masterDocTitle="The rare antlion genus Thaumatoleon Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontinae) newly recorded from mainland China, with first male description" masterLastPageNumber="560" masterPageNumber="551" pageNumber="552" updateTime="1698936727738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DFCB2C18EA85FE36DFE02A7690D2E4F5">The rare antlion genus Thaumatoleon Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontinae) newly recorded from mainland China, with first male description</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE4C721C290757AEE65749E3CFDEE05A">Zheng, Yuchen</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0B1818991141A06E2B100D9ECC7CEAA" bold="true" box="[151,900,1220,1247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691141A06E2B100D9EDA7CEA8" ID-CoL="565C3" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1921" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,740,1220,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E2B100D9EE92CEA9" bold="true" box="[151,465,1220,1247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Thaumatoleon splendidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491141A06E3FE00D8EDA7CEA8" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[472,740,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" pagination="127 - 128" refId="ref4121" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Description of a new genus and species of Myrmeleonidae from Japan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kobenhaven, 72, 127 - 128." type="journal article" year="1921">Esben-Petersen, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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华Lj•蚁Þ
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(
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E2B900F5EE51CF75" box="[159,274,1256,1283]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 48" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStart-3="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1237,1261]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1394,1173,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1412,389,1213]" captionTargetBox-3="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId-0="figure-510@2.[151,1436,1173,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetId-2="figure-105@4.[151,1436,381,1213]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 13. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. 1. photo of a living female from Mt. Huanglianshan, Yunnan (photo by Jianyun Wang); 2. female habitus; 3. male habitus. Scale bar: 10.0 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, female, wings. Abbreviations: C: costa; Sc: subcosta; RA: radius anterior; RP: radius posterior; MA: media anterior; MP: media posterior; CuA: cubitus anterior; CuP: cubitus posterior; A: anal veins. Scale bar: 10.0 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690674" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690678" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4690674/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4690678/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 119</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E33800F4EEA7CF75" box="[286,484,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURES 2029" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,209,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2029. Morphological comparison of genitalia and tarsomere 5 between Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867) (Figs. 20, 22, 25, 27, 29) and Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Figs. 21, 2324, 26, 28). 2021. male genitalia, ventral view; 2223. male genitalia, dorsolateral view; 2425. hind leg pretarsal claw; 2627. female genitalia, lateral view; 2829. female genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: tbs: thickened setal brush. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690682/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">21, 2324, 26, 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E3D600F4ED4ECF75" box="[496,525,1257,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,921,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-330@7.[151,1436,910,1768]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution map of Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690684/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">30</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE710F491141A06E2B10135EDEECF36" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[151,685,1320,1344]" page="128" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" year="1921">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691141A06E2B10135EDEECF36" ID-CoL="565C3" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1921: 128" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,685,1320,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E2B10135EED8CF36" box="[151,411,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Thaumatoleon splendidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491141A06E3860135EDEECF36" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[416,685,1320,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" pagination="127 - 128" refId="ref4121" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Description of a new genus and species of Myrmeleonidae from Japan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kobenhaven, 72, 127 - 128." type="journal article" year="1921">Esben-Petersen, 1921: 128</bibRefCitation>
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(
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E09C0135EC05CF49" bold="true" box="[698,838,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">type locality:</emphasis>
“Formosa, Horisha” [=
<collectingCountry id="F351767591141A06E6090135EB31CF36" box="[1071,1138,1320,1344]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F351767591141A06E65F0135EB85CF36" box="[1145,1222,1320,1344]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4982F80791141A06E6E90135EA28CF36" box="[1231,1387,1320,1344]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Nantou County</collectingRegion>
, Puli Town];
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in ZMUC);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE710F491141A06E3D7015BEDAECF28" author="Krivokhatsky, V. A." box="[497,749,1350,1374]" page="635" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491141A06E3D7015BEDAECF28" author="Krivokhatsky, V. A." box="[497,749,1350,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" pagination="631 - 640" refId="ref4155" refString="Krivokhatsky, V. A. (1997) New and little known species of ant-lions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) from Indo-China. Entomological Review, 76, 631 - 640." type="journal article" year="1997">Krivokhatsky, 1997: 635</bibRefCitation>
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(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691141A06E0DB015BECCCCF28" ID-CoL="646JR" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[765,911,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E0DB015BECCCCF28" box="[765,911,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Thaumatoleon</emphasis>
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);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE710F491141A06E183015BEBDACF28" author="Stange, L. A. &amp; Miller, R. B. &amp; Wang, H. Y." box="[933,1177,1350,1374]" page="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491141A06E183015BEBDACF28" author="Stange, L. A. &amp; Miller, R. B. &amp; Wang, H. Y." box="[933,1177,1350,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" refId="ref4717" refString="Stange, L. A., Miller, R. B. &amp; Wang, H. Y. (2003) Identification and biology of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) in Taiwan. I-Lan County Museum of Natural History, Taipei, Taiwan, 160 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Stange
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E1D7015AEB5CCF28" box="[1009,1055,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">et al</emphasis>
., 2003: 103
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(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691141A06E68E015BEA79CF28" ID-CoL="646JR" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[1192,1338,1350,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E68E015BEA79CF28" box="[1192,1338,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Thaumatoleon</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE710F491141A06E777015BEE6ECF0B" author="Stange, L. A." page="221" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" year="2004">
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(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691141A06E31A0178EE8DCF0B" ID-CoL="646JR" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[316,462,1381,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E31A0178EE8DCF0B" box="[316,462,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Thaumatoleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE710F491141A06E3C20178EDAECF0B" author="Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[484,749,1381,1405]" page="446" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491141A06E3C20178EDAECF0B" author="Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[484,749,1381,1405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref4188" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
Machado
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E06E017BED36CF0B" box="[584,629,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">et al</emphasis>
., 2019: 446
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(synoptic data on the extant antlion and owlfly genera of the world,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691141A06E2E10199EE1ACFEA" ID-CoL="646JR" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[199,345,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E2E10199EE1ACFEA" box="[199,345,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Thaumatoleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
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<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E2B101D9EE51CFA8" bold="true" box="[151,274,1476,1502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body generally brown. Antennae more than 3x longer than pronotum. Thorax dorsally with a longitudinal brown to black stripe. Legs long and slender; tibial spurs short (as long as basal tarsomere); tarsomere 5 with nearly tapered thickened setae brush ventrally (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E0F90211EC70CC51" box="[735,819,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 2029" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,209,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2029. Morphological comparison of genitalia and tarsomere 5 between Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867) (Figs. 20, 22, 25, 27, 29) and Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Figs. 21, 2324, 26, 28). 2021. male genitalia, ventral view; 2223. male genitalia, dorsolateral view; 2425. hind leg pretarsal claw; 2627. female genitalia, lateral view; 2829. female genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: tbs: thickened setal brush. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690682/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
); pretarsal claws straight but strongly curved backward (opposable) (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E30A022DEED1CC3C" box="[300,402,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 68</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E386022CEE83CC3D" box="[416,448,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 2029" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,209,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2029. Morphological comparison of genitalia and tarsomere 5 between Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867) (Figs. 20, 22, 25, 27, 29) and Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Figs. 21, 2324, 26, 28). 2021. male genitalia, ventral view; 2223. male genitalia, dorsolateral view; 2425. hind leg pretarsal claw; 2627. female genitalia, lateral view; 2829. female genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: tbs: thickened setal brush. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690682/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">24</figureCitation>
). Wings (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E00B022DED31CC3D" box="[557,626,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1237,1261]" captionTargetBox="[159,1412,389,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-105@4.[151,1436,381,1213]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, female, wings. Abbreviations: C: costa; Sc: subcosta; RA: radius anterior; RP: radius posterior; MA: media anterior; MP: media posterior; CuA: cubitus anterior; CuP: cubitus posterior; A: anal veins. Scale bar: 10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690678/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) elongate and narrow, with various brownish markings; Banksian lines absent; hind wing nearly falcate, longer than forewing. Male gonocoxite 9 (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E1FB0249EB1FCC19" box="[989,1116,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 1216</figureCitation>
) with anterior part separated into two lobes; a pair of long setal tufts present on membranous part of gonocoxites 9 anteriorly. Female gonocoxites 8 (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E2900281EE7BCCC1" box="[182,312,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 1819</figureCitation>
) elongate, digitiform, covered with many long setae directed medially; gonocoxite 9 (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E7340281EAD7CCC1" box="[1298,1428,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 1819</figureCitation>
) spoon-shaped, covered with stout digging setae; ectoprocts truncated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591141A06E2E102F9EE53CD55" blockId="1.[151,1437,1476,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E2E102F9EE3DCC88" bold="true" box="[199,382,1764,1790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Re-description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E3A202F8EEF2CC89" box="[388,433,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Size</emphasis>
. Head width:
<quantity id="4CBE9B0091141A06E06B02F9EDB1CC89" box="[589,754,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" metricValueMax="3.76" metricValueMin="3.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="3.69" valueMax="3.76" valueMin="3.62">3.623.76 mm</quantity>
; forewing length:
<quantity id="4CBE9B0091141A06E19D02F9EB3FCC89" box="[955,1148,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7535" metricValueMax="4.786" metricValueMin="4.721" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="47.535" valueMax="47.86" valueMin="47.21">47.2147.86 mm</quantity>
; hind wing length:
<quantity id="4CBE9B0091141A06E76902F9EE4FCD55" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1145" metricValueMax="5.273" metricValueMin="4.956" pageId="1" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="51.144999999999996" valueMax="52.73" valueMin="49.56">49.56 52.73 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591141A06E2E10331ECB5CD8C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1476,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791141A06E2E10331EE47CD30" box="[199,260,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Head</emphasis>
. Vertex brown, slightly domed, with a blackish brown transverse band posteriorly, posterior margin dark brown (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091141A06E2D6034DEE1ACD1D" box="[240,345,1872,1899]" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="552">Figs 45</figureCitation>
). Antennae more than 3x longer than pronotum; scape dark brown dorsally but paler ventrally; pedicel generally brown; non-intumescent flagellomeres brown, gradually pale; intumescent part of flagellum generally pale brown, distally dark brown. Frons dark brown to brown. Clypeus yellowish brown with a few setae. Labrum brown. Maxillary palpus pale brown, with tip darker. Labial palpus pale brown, not intumescent, with tip dark brown. Mandibles yellowish brown with distal half dark reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591171A05E2E1048AEC31CB13" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E2E1048AEE5BCAC7" box="[199,280,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Thorax</emphasis>
. Brown, with dark markings (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E054048AEDFACAC7" box="[626,697,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Pronotum slightly broader than long; covered with black setae, setae on lateral-posterior margin relatively long; a longitudinal brownish stripe present medially. Mesonotum covered with black setae on anterior margin, while short brownish setae present on posterolateral margin; a broad longitudinal black stripe present medially, and a pair of black markings at scutum laterally. Metanotum covered with a few brownish setae; anterior margin yellow, with a medial broad black stripe, and a pair of lateral reddish brown markings. Pleurae with a broad black stripe; sternum pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591171A05E2E10572EA55C8BB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E2E10572EFBFCBFE" box="[199,252,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Legs</emphasis>
. Long and slender, with many black and dark brown spots (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E18D0572EB51CBFC" box="[939,1042,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Figs 68</figureCitation>
). All legs with tibial spurs slightly curved; tarsomeres 14 generally pale brown; tarsomere 5 pale brown with distal half dark brown, as long as entire length of tarsomeres 24, with a ventral setal brush of tapered and thickened setae (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E61605AAEBC3CBA7" box="[1072,1152,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 2029" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,209,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,1436,181,1845]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2029. Morphological comparison of genitalia and tarsomere 5 between Paraglenurus japonicus (McLachlan, 1867) (Figs. 20, 22, 25, 27, 29) and Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921 (Figs. 21, 2324, 26, 28). 2021. male genitalia, ventral view; 2223. male genitalia, dorsolateral view; 2425. hind leg pretarsal claw; 2627. female genitalia, lateral view; 2829. female genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: tbs: thickened setal brush. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690682/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) (thickened setae on hind leg sparser than on fore- and midleg); pretarsal claws nearly straight and strongly curved backward (opposable). Foreleg (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E2DC05E2EE7DC86C" box="[250,318,511,538]" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): Coxa brown, with a dark brown marking; femur generally brown; tibia pale brown, with many black dots, setae on distal part short, generally yellowish brown; tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 2. Midleg (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E76C063EEACDC84B" box="[1354,1422,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): coxa pale brown; femur mostly black, pale brown basally and distally, some pores prominent; tibia pale brown, with many black spots, ventrally with a few short spinous setae; tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 2. Hind leg (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E7490676EFE4C8DF" captionStart="FIGURES 48" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 48. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, male. 4. head and thorax, dorsal view; 5. head, frontal view; 6. foreleg; 7. midleg; 8. hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): Coxa pale brown; femur pale brown with black markings; tibia pale yellowish brown, with many black spots; tibial spurs reaching subdistal portion of tarsomere 1; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591171A05E2E106CAEA05CE0B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E2E106CAEE48C886" box="[199,267,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Wings</emphasis>
. Elongate, with various brownish markings (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091171A05E12006CAEC09C887" box="[774,842,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1237,1261]" captionTargetBox="[159,1412,389,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-105@4.[151,1436,381,1213]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921, female, wings. Abbreviations: C: costa; Sc: subcosta; RA: radius anterior; RP: radius posterior; MA: media anterior; MP: media posterior; CuA: cubitus anterior; CuP: cubitus posterior; A: anal veins. Scale bar: 10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690678/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Banksian lines absent. Hind wing longer than forewing. Pterostigma pale. Forewing with apex slightly pointed; costal space distally with indistinct brown marking; poststigmal area mostly transparent; both ends of hypostigmatic cell with a dark brown spot; radial area with scattered brownish markings, a brownish band present on margin; mediocubital area with a few dark brown spots; rhegma present as elongate ovate dark brown marking; cubital area with scattered brownish markings, with a curved band basally; posterior area with some continuous brownish spots; costal crossveins mostly simple; RP origin beyond CuA fork; presectoral area with 1517 crossveins, sometimes with about 24 biareolate cells; RP with 1213 branches. Hind wing with basal 2/3 transparent; posterodistal margin slightly concaved and brown, with a large brownish mark; costal space with indistinct brown mark posteriorly; both ends of hypostigmatic cell with a dark brown spot; a hook-like brownish mark present along distal margin, which is expanded into an ovoid marking on distal portion of radial area; radial area with indistinct brown marks posteriorly; rhegma present as a large ovate dark brown mark; costal crossvein mostly simple; presectoral area with 1 crossvein; RP origin basal to MP fork.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39666D91171A05E2B1038AEC91CDA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4690674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690674/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" startId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[151,1394,1173,1919]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BF936E591171A05E2B1038AEC91CDA4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E2B1038AEE78CDD9" bold="true" box="[151,315,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">FIGURES 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691171A05E367038AEC6FCDD9" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1921" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[321,812,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E367038AED05CDD9" box="[321,582,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">Thaumatoleon splendidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491171A05E06B038AEC6FCDD9" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[589,812,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553" pagination="127 - 128" refId="ref4121" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Description of a new genus and species of Myrmeleonidae from Japan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kobenhaven, 72, 127 - 128." type="journal article" year="1921">Esben-Petersen, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E113038AEC0BCDD9" bold="true" box="[821,840,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">1.</emphasis>
photo of a living female from Mt. Huanglianshan, Yunnan (photo by Jianyun Wang);
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E38203A6EEF4CDA5" bold="true" box="[420,439,1979,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">2.</emphasis>
female habitus;
<emphasis id="B932EAF791171A05E07903A6ED31CDA5" bold="true" box="[607,626,1979,2003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="553">3.</emphasis>
male habitus. Scale bar: 10.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF39666D91161A04E2B10144EDF7CFE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4690676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" startId="3.[151,264,1369,1393]" targetBox="[175,1414,206,1325]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BF936E591161A04E2B10144EDF7CFE3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1369,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E2B10144EE78CF07" bold="true" box="[151,315,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">FIGURES 48.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691161A04E3640144EC6FCF07" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1921" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[322,812,1369,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E3640144ED04CF07" box="[322,583,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Thaumatoleon splendidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B1491161A04E0680144EC6FCF07" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[590,812,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" pagination="127 - 128" refId="ref4121" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Description of a new genus and species of Myrmeleonidae from Japan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kobenhaven, 72, 127 - 128." type="journal article" year="1921">Esben-Petersen, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male.
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E1530144ECCBCF07" bold="true" box="[885,904,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">4.</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E6E50144EB95CF07" bold="true" box="[1219,1238,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">5.</emphasis>
head, frontal view;
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E2B10160EFE9CFE3" bold="true" box="[151,170,1405,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">6.</emphasis>
foreleg;
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E3200160EE5ACFE3" bold="true" box="[262,281,1405,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">7.</emphasis>
midleg;
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E3550160EEC6CFE3" bold="true" box="[371,389,1405,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">8.</emphasis>
hind leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591161A04E2E101DEED5ECD1F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1475,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E2E101DEEE72CFAB" box="[199,305,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Generally dark brown in dorsal and ventral parts, lateral part mostly brown, covered with short setae; tergum 1 pale brown anteriorly.
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E02201FAEDEACC77" box="[516,681,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091161A04E09E01FAEC7FCC74" box="[696,828,1511,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Figs 1017</figureCitation>
). Tergum 9 subtrapezoid in lateral view, covered with short setae. Sternum 9 subtrapezoid in ventral view, covered with long setae. Gonocoxites 9 elongate, medially curved internally; posterior part strongly sclerotized and scaly, concaved in lateral view; anterior part bilobed (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091161A04E7490232EFF5CC18" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); a pair of tufts of long setae present on membranous part of gonocoxites 9 anteriorly in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091161A04E71D024EEACCCC18" box="[1339,1423,1619,1646]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxites 11 narrowly arched, both sides half with a round projection, median part prominent, subtriangular. Gonapophyses 11 weakly developed. Ectoproct semicircular in lateral view, covered with long setae.
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E72E0286EF89CCAF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091161A04E2FC02A2EE1ECCAC" box="[218,349,1727,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Figs 1819</figureCitation>
). Sternum 7 covered with many long setae (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091161A04E16B02A2ECE2CCAC" box="[845,929,1727,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 1019" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[263,1325,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1019. Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921. Male genitalia: 10. lateral view; 11. ventral view; male genitalia: 12. ventral view; 13. anteroventral view; 14. lateral view; 15. dorsal view; 16. dorsolateral view, pale blue lines indicate bilobed part; 17. caudal view; female terminalia: 18. lateral view; 19. ventral view. Abbreviations: ect: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxites, gp: gonapophyses, pp: pregenital plate, S: sternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690680/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Pregenital plate small, triangluar. Tergum 8 wide, subrectangular in lateral view; gonocoxites 8 elongate, digitiform, slightly curved, covered with many long setae directed medially; gonapophyses 8 narrow, ribbon-shaped. Tergum 9 covered with long setae on ventral side; gonocoxite 9 swollened posteriorly, covered with stout digging setae. Ectoproct truncated distally, covered with stout digging setae on ventral side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C656E91161A03E2E10369EC32CA8F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF936E591161A04E2E10369EE41CDC4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1475,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E2E10369EE34CDFB" bold="true" box="[199,375,1907,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891161A04E3A6036EEE41CDC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395305" collectingDate="1916-10-05" collectionCode="ZMUC" country="China" county="Formosa" location="Puli Town" municipality="Horisha" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nantou" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54FD884791161A04E3A6036EEEABCDFB" box="[384,488,1907,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D40FD6C91161A04E3D70369ED57CDF8" box="[497,532,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, “
<collectingCounty id="62984E6991161A04E0080369EDD5CDF8" box="[558,662,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Formosa</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DAC9F91161A04E085036EEDBFCDFB" box="[675,764,1907,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Horisha</collectingMunicipality>
[=
<collectingCountry id="F351767591161A04E101036EEC2DCDFB" box="[807,878,1907,1933]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCountry id="F351767591161A04E15C036EEC8CCDFB" box="[890,975,1907,1933]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4982F80791161A04E1FB0369EBCFCDF8" box="[989,1164,1908,1934]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Nantou County</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E99603E91161A04E6BF036EEA57CDF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13:8E99603E91161A04E6BF036EEA57CDF8" box="[1177,1300,1907,1934]" country="China" county="Formosa" municipality="Horisha" name="Puli Town" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" stateProvince="Nantou">Puli Town</location>
],
<date id="FFF8102591161A04E70E036EEAD1CDF8" box="[1320,1426,1907,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="1916-10-05">
<collectingDate id="EFBCE9CD91161A04E70E036EEAD1CDF8" box="[1320,1426,1907,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" value="1916-10-05">5.X.1916</collectingDate>
</date>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED57AE2091161A04E2B90385EFB5CDC4" box="[159,246,1944,1970]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936E591161A03E2E103A6EC32CA8F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1475,2042]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,358]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E2E103A6ED7CCDA3" bold="true" box="[199,575,1979,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891161A04E06A03A1EAD4CD8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395303" country="China" county="Lvchun County" elevation="1925" location="Mt. Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve" municipality="Honghe" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<specimenCount id="9D40FD6C91161A04E06A03A1ED2CCDA0" box="[588,623,1980,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F351767591161A04E0A503A6ED89CDA3" box="[643,714,1979,2005]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4982F80791161A04E0FF03A1EC71CDA0" box="[729,818,1980,2006]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DAC9F91161A04E16403A6ECDECDA3" box="[834,925,1979,2005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Honghe</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62984E6991161A04E18803A6EB20CDA0" box="[942,1123,1979,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">Lvchun County</collectingCounty>
[
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E65F03A1EB8ECDA5" bold="true" box="[1145,1229,1980,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">fife</emphasis>
],
<location id="8E99603E91161A04E6CC03A1EEAFCD8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13:8E99603E91161A04E6CC03A1EEAFCD8C" country="China" county="Lvchun County" municipality="Honghe" name="Mt. Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" stateProvince="Yunnan">Mt. Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve</location>
[
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E3D903FDEC70CD81" bold="true" box="[511,819,2016,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">黄κ山βτá自然ff护区</emphasis>
],
<location id="8E99603E91161A04E16D03C2EBC5CD8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13:8E99603E91161A04E16D03C2EBC5CD8F" box="[843,1158,2015,2042]" country="China" county="Lvchun County" municipality="Honghe" name="Yakou Management Station" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" stateProvince="Yunnan">Yakou Management Station</location>
[
<emphasis id="B932EAF791161A04E6BF03FDEA66CD81" bold="true" box="[1177,1317,2016,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="554">丫口Wª站</emphasis>
],
<quantity id="4CBE9B0091161A04E71803C2EAD4CD8C" box="[1342,1431,2015,2042]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1925.0">
<elevation id="006BD1D691161A04E71803C2EAD4CD8C" box="[1342,1431,2015,2042]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" pageId="3" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1925.0">1925 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<date id="FFF8102591111A03E2B1048AEE48CAC4" box="[151,267,151,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" value="2015-06-09">
9.
<collectionCode id="ED57AE2091111A03E28F048AEF89CAC4" box="[169,202,151,178]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">VI</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891111A03E2EF048AEE48CAC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395307" box="[201,267,151,178]" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Ziqiang Sun &amp; Hangrui Liu" location="Jianyun Wang" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">.2015</materialsCitation>
</date>
,
<location id="8E99603E91111A03E331048AEEFBCAC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13:8E99603E91111A03E331048AEEFBCAC4" box="[279,440,151,178]" name="Jianyun Wang" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Jianyun Wang</location>
,
<collectorName id="26B3533391111A03E3E5048AED0ECAC7" box="[451,589,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Ziqiang Sun</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B3533391111A03E056048AEDB9CAC7" box="[624,762,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Hangrui Liu</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED57AE2091111A03E12F048AEC09CAC7" box="[777,842,151,177]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">CAU</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D40FD6C91111A03E17B048AECC1CAC7" box="[861,898,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891111A03E1A8048AED0ACAA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395301" country="China" county="Yingjiang County" elevation="1200" location="Xima Town" municipality="Dehong" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingCountry id="F351767591111A03E1A8048AEC96CAC7" box="[910,981,151,177]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4982F80791111A03E1F90485EB7BCAC4" box="[991,1080,152,178]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DAC9F91111A03E664048AEBDDCAC7" box="[1090,1182,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Dehong</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62984E6991111A03E68E048AEA2CCAC7" box="[1192,1391,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Yingjiang County</collectingCounty>
[
<emphasis id="B932EAF791111A03E7A60485EF8CCAA5" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Ɨ 江e</emphasis>
],
<location id="8E99603E91111A03E2CF04A6EE2CCAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13:8E99603E91111A03E2CF04A6EE2CCAA0" box="[233,367,187,214]" country="China" county="Yingjiang County" municipality="Dehong" name="Xima Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" stateProvince="Yunnan">Xima Town</location>
[
<emphasis id="B932EAF791111A03E3A404A1EE95CAA5" bold="true" box="[386,470,188,211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">AƼNJ</emphasis>
],
<quantity id="4CBE9B0091111A03E3D604A6ED0ACAA0" box="[496,585,187,214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="006BD1D691111A03E3D604A6ED0ACAA0" box="[496,585,187,214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891111A03E07104A6ECBFCAA3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395304" box="[599,1020,187,214]" collectingDate="2019-07" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Weizong Yang" country="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<date id="FFF8102591111A03E07104A6EDFCCAA3" box="[599,703,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" value="2019-07">
<collectingDate id="EFBCE9CD91111A03E07104A6EDFCCAA3" box="[599,703,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" value="2019-07">VII.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B3533391111A03E0EA04A6EC32CAA0" box="[716,881,187,214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Weizong Yang</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED57AE2091111A03E1A504A6EC87CAA3" box="[899,964,187,213]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">CAU</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D40FD6C91111A03E1FC04A6ECBFCAA3" box="[986,1020,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891111A03E62B04A6EE9CCA8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395306" country="China" county="Yingjiang County" elevation="1000" location="Xima Town" municipality="Dehong" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<collectingCountry id="F351767591111A03E62B04A6EB17CAA3" box="[1037,1108,187,213]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4982F80791111A03E64604A1EBFACAA0" box="[1120,1209,188,214]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9DAC9F91111A03E6E004A6EA61CAA3" box="[1222,1314,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Dehong</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62984E6991111A03E70804A6EFA8CA8F" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Yingjiang County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8E99603E91111A03E2D004C2EE3ECA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87F391141A03E2B100D9EB36CB13:8E99603E91111A03E2D004C2EE3ECA8C" box="[246,381,223,250]" country="China" county="Yingjiang County" municipality="Dehong" name="Xima Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" stateProvince="Yunnan">Xima Town</location>
,
<quantity id="4CBE9B0091111A03E3AE04C2EE9CCA8C" box="[392,479,223,250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="006BD1D691111A03E3AE04C2EE9CCA8C" box="[392,479,223,250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
,
<date id="FFF8102591111A03E3CD04C2ED24CA8F" box="[491,615,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" value="2020-05-21">
21.
<collectionCode id="ED57AE2091111A03E02D04C2ED61CA8F" box="[523,546,223,249]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="3B2E3CB891111A03E00404C2ED24CA8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080395302" box="[546,615,223,249]" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Weizong Yang" country="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">. 2020</materialsCitation>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B3533391111A03E05404C2EC56CA8C" box="[626,789,223,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Weizong Yang</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED57AE2091111A03E10504C2EC27CA8F" box="[803,868,223,249]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">CAU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C656E91111A03E2E1051EEC32CB68" box="[199,881,259,286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF936E591111A03E2E1051EEC32CB68" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,358]" box="[199,881,259,286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791111A03E2E1051EEE22CB6B" bold="true" box="[199,353,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F351767591111A03E341051EEEE9CB6B" box="[359,426,259,285]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F351767591111A03E39F051EED53CB6B" box="[441,528,259,285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, Yunnan);
<collectingCountry id="F351767591111A03E0A1051EEDA5CB6B" box="[647,742,259,285]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4982F80791111A03E0D2051EEC25CB68" box="[756,870,259,286]" country="Vietnam" name="Kon Tum" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Kon Tum</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C656E91111A03E2E1053AEB36CB13" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF936E591111A03E2E1053AEB36CB13" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791111A03E2E1053AEE78CB37" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Remarks.</emphasis>
All known collecting sites of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D6691111A03E0A30535EC54CB37" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1921" box="[645,791,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Thaumatoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="555" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">
<emphasis id="B932EAF791111A03E0A30535EC54CB37" box="[645,791,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">T. splendidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the habitats of tropical or subtropical rainforests, but they are distantly apart from each other in a broad range of the Oriental region (
<figureCitation id="137D2A6091111A03E6320556EB2BCB13" box="[1044,1128,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,921,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-330@7.[151,1436,910,1768]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution map of Thaumatoleon splendidus Esben-Petersen, 1921." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4690684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4690684/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="555">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>