120 lines
13 KiB
XML
120 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac041" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381236" approvalRequired="21" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="21" checkinTime="1669808169041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Casali, Daniel M, Boscaini, Alberto, Gaudin, Timothy J & Perini, Fernando A" docDate="2022" docId="03EF87B8FFF2FF96FC94FAECC5AA9584" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac041.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1505/6617197" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Megalonychinae Trouessart 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1527" masterDocId="FFD6FFC0FFE7FF80FFAFFFC3C1119741" masterDocTitle="Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models" masterLastPageNumber="1551" masterPageNumber="1505" pageNumber="1526" updateTime="1669985971716" updateUser="diego">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Casali, Daniel M</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Boscaini, Alberto</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gaudin, Timothy J</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Perini, Fernando A</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2022-12-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>196</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1505</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>1551</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1505/6617197</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac041</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7381236</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87B8FFF2FF96FC94FAECC5AA9584" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87B8FFF2FF96FC94FAECC5AA9584" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1527" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[827,1028,1327,1351]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1028,1327,1351]" box="[827,1028,1327,1351]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1904" box="[827,1028,1327,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megalonychinae">Megalonychinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1527" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,1368,1881]" box="[827,1280,1368,1390]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">PP = 100, age = 10.82 Mya (8.60–13.21).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,1368,1881]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">
|
||
This clade is composed of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Megalonychini)" baseAuthorityName="Megalonychini" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1314,1443,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
(Megalonychini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hirschfeld & Webb" authorityYear="1968" box="[1091,1276,1429,1450]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliometanastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1276,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Pliometanastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus a clade uniting
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Antillean" authorityName="Antillean" box="[931,1230,1460,1482]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[931,1091,1460,1481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Pliomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
, Antillean
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
megalonychines and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Choloepodini)" baseAuthorityName="Choloepodini" box="[889,1232,1491,1513]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,1023,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
(Choloepodini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a clade of intertropical megalonychids (Ahytheriini). Alternative arrangements were observed for the relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[919,1051,1583,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[919,1051,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hirschfeld & Webb" authorityYear="1968" box="[1070,1258,1583,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliometanastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1070,1258,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Pliometanastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other megalonychines: as successive sister taxa, diverging earlier than all other megalonychines—
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1315,1443,1644,1665]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1315,1443,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
earliest (H models EW and IW100, par_EW and par_ IW100),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hirschfeld & Webb" authorityYear="1968" box="[929,1108,1705,1726]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliometanastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[929,1108,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Pliometanastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
earliest (UN and A models, especially those including ACRV);
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1258,1388,1736,1757]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1258,1388,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hirschfeld & Webb" authorityYear="1968" box="[827,1004,1767,1788]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliometanastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1004,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1526">Pliometanastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister taxa to each other, and this clade sister to all other megalonychines (A models with equal rates, excepting A1_e); or as sister to Ahytheriini (H models IW10 and IW5, par_IW10 and par_IW5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,761,197,1905]" lastBlockId="22.[809,1425,197,709]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1904" box="[169,361,197,219]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megalonychinae">Megalonychinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was supported by 59 synapomorphies (24 for both methods and 35 exclusively for BI): Cf1 and cf1 strongly depressed relative to molariforms; Cf1 smaller than smallest molariform (BI); long axis of molariforms oblique to toothrow along its entire length; trapezoidal Mf2 and Mf3 cross-section; trapezoidal mf2 cross-section; trigonal Mf4 cross-section; mandibular horizontal ramus length less than two times its depth (BI); ascending ramus of mandible completely covers the posterior teeth in lateral view (BI); three processes of ascending mandibular ramus equidistant (BI); absence of a medial ridge running along anterior edge of coronoid process (BI); maximum height of coronoid process shorter than its anteroposterior length (BI); intermediate development of angular process; symphysial spout much shorter than the length of molariform toothrow (BI); posterior external opening of mandibular canal opens laterally on horizontal ramus (BI); low and broad braincase (BI); reflexed basicranial/basifacial axis; nuchal crest continuous with dorsal edge of zygomatic process of squamosal (BI); premolariform portion of palate roughly equal to, or longer than molariform toothrow (BI); presence of fossa at the anterior edge of maxilla, lateral to external nares (BI); presence of ventral extension in maxilla for dental alveoli (BI); ventral extension in maxilla for dental alveoli only posteriorly (BI); jugal does not participate in rim of maxillary foramen (BI); absence of dorsal process of premaxilla; presence of a crest at median suture of palatine (BI); presence of alisphenoid-parietal contact (BI); anteroventrally inclined zygomatic process of squamosal; absence of a marked postorbital constriction (BI); postorbital process well anterior to maxillary foramen; semicircular occiput, in posterior view (BI); hypoglossal foramen smaller than jugular foramen (BI); basioccipital narrow and convex mediolaterally (BI); median fusion of posterior alae of vomer; ectotympanic fused dorsally; carotid foramen fully exposed in ventral view (BI); anteroposteriorly oriented entotympanic (BI); dorsal edge of entotympanic with a strong concave curvature in lateral view, with dorsal projection at anterior end (BI); lateral process of entotympanic extending above anterior portion of tympanic, forming a portion of the roof of tympanic cavity (BI); bulbous, mediolaterally expanded paroccipital process; absence of paroccipital process foramen (BI); nuchal and exoccipital crests diverge proximally and converge distally (BI); posteroventrolateral stylomastoid canal; entotympanic, ectotympanic and pterygoid composing eustachian tube opening (BI); hypoglossal foramen recessed dorsally, lies at same level as jugular foramen; presence of a groove connecting the internal opening of the posterior lacerate foramen to foramen magnum; glenoid fossa ventral to superficies meatus; mediolaterally widened glenoid fossa (BI); smooth posterior surface of glenoid; glenoid fossa wellseparated from porus acusticus (BI); laterally directed root of zygoma; deltoid crest faces anteriorly, reaching the medial side of the humerus in anterior view (BI); strongly marked brachiocephalicus crest of humerus (BI); quadrangular laterodistal corner of scaphoid, in dorsal view (BI); fusion of trapezium and metacarpal I, forming the carpal-metacarpal complex; absence of a strong concavity between greater trochanter and the head of femur (BI); moderately developed lesser trochanter of femur, with a laminar projection; femoral patellar trochlea isolated or only abuts the condylar surfaces; medial trochlear ridge protruded anteriorly to lateral trochlear ridge (BI); distal epiphyses of femur twisted with respect to the main axis; and an obtuse (around 120°) angle formed by facets for cuboid and metatarsal IV, in metatarsal V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |