189 lines
22 KiB
XML
189 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="619B781A11379A03FA3D2D47CA8EC0DC" ID-CLB-Dataset="4732" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930110052463" ID-GBIF-Dataset="49960699-495a-4910-bdf5-ce616eea71bc" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5298706" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629994576800" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cook, P. L. & Bock, P. E." docDate="2002" docId="03D1686A5A44A058E3E4D344FDD7909E" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.36.13.1601-1619.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (13)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930110052463" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482.2:JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="C540815C53297EEE0623138269730482" docStyleName="JNatHist.2000-2002.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Riscodopa Gordon 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="1603" masterDocId="FFE810125A47A05CE238D271FFD59023" masterDocTitle="Notes on astogeny of some Petraliellidae (Bryozoa) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1619" masterPageNumber="1601" pageNumber="1603" updateTime="1699145546688" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0D49EB76AF857FEB5C8739534D573031">Notes on astogeny of some Petraliellidae (Bryozoa) from Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D8827D377943F6479C2F1FFFA7CA68E">Cook, P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F53C5577C63143A8A286A5460D498C23">Bock, P. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1113B63D5ADB2D90638873CCAA08E086">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7780F578AA9AF5921E69D71B4F439089">
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<mods:date id="A759C565DC753F86861546424209B382">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C979DB854BE8F6C3EDB3A5B316EE5844">2002-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A39A1B6B8DCD518A43EFA8B27B16D33D">36</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D1686A5A44A058E3E4D344FDD7909E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5305765" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185131623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5305765" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1686A5A44A058E3E4D344FDD7909E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1686A5A44A058E3E4D344FDD7909E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1603" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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<paragraph id="8BC7D97C5A44A05FE3E4D344FD23916E" blockId="3.[140,758,309,365]" box="[476,758,309,333]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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<heading id="D08F6E105A44A05FE3E4D344FD23916E" box="[476,758,309,333]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE3E4D344FD23916E" ID-CoL="84T9W" authority="Gordon, 1989" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[476,758,309,333]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE3E4D344FD98916E" bold="true" box="[476,589,309,333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Riscodopa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE06FD344FD23916E" author="GORDON, D. P." box="[599,758,309,333]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref8194" refString="GORDON, D. P., 1989, The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata (Cheilostomida Ascophorina) from the western South Island continental shelf and slope, New Zealand Oceanographi c Institute Memoir, 97, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3628AF75A44A058E2B4D329FDD7909E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1604" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC7D97C5A44A05FE2B4D329FD89914E" blockId="3.[140,758,309,365]" box="[140,604,343,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE2B4D329FEDF914E" box="[140,266,344,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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||
<typeStatus id="54C367DE5A44A05FE2B4D329FF6B914E" box="[140,190,344,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE320D326FD80914E" authority="Gordon, 1989" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[280,597,343,365]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parva">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE320D326FE6B914E" box="[280,446,343,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Riscodopa parva</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE3FFD326FD80914E" author="GORDON, D. P." box="[455,597,343,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref8194" refString="GORDON, D. P., 1989, The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata (Cheilostomida Ascophorina) from the western South Island continental shelf and slope, New Zealand Oceanographi c Institute Memoir, 97, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7D97C5A44A05FE2B4D3ECFEDF9197" blockId="3.[140,1094,413,628]" box="[140,266,413,436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE2B4D3ECFEDF9197" box="[140,266,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7D97C5A44A05FE28BD3CDFDCB9250" blockId="3.[140,1094,413,628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Colony discoid, free living, budded radially, anchored by rhizoids originating from basal septular pores. Ancestrula either tatiform or similar to succeeding zooids. Zooid ori ces with oral spines, paired lateral denticles and a proximal lyrula. Avicularia lateral and oral, sometimes proximal and associated with a mucro. Ovicell hyperstomial, prominent, with numerous small pores or tubercles, known or inferred not to be closed by the operculum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7D97C5A44A05FE2B4D0D2FF3A9298" blockId="3.[140,1095,675,1687]" box="[140,239,675,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE2B4D0D2FF3A9298" box="[140,239,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC7D97C5A44A058E28BD0B2FDD7909E" blockId="3.[140,1095,675,1687]" lastBlockId="4.[140,1094,133,189]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1604" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">
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Species here assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE3D9D0B2FD8792F8" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[481,594,707,731]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE3D9D0B2FD8792F8" box="[481,594,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Riscodopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fall into two groups; the Recent species, which have a tatiform ancestrula, and the fossil species, which do not. Genera which include species with diVerent kinds of ancestrula have been documented (Cook, 1985: 51), and the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE3FAD152FDAC9318" authorityName="Stach" authorityYear="1936" box="[450,633,803,827]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Mucropetraliella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE3FAD152FDAC9318" box="[450,633,803,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Mucropetraliella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is usually characterized by the presence of a proximal mucro and avicularium, does include some species in which these do not occur (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE35DD112FD339358" author="COOK, P. L. & CHIMONIDES, P. J." box="[357,742,867,891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="97 - 134" refId="ref8006" refString="COOK, P. L. and CHIMONIDES, P. J., 1981 a, Morphology and systematics of some rooted cheilostome Bryozoa, Journal of Natural History, 15, 97 - 134." type="journal article" year="1981">Cook and Chimonides, 1981a: 117</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE0C7D112FC079358" author="GORDON, D. P." box="[767,978,867,891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref8194" refString="GORDON, D. P., 1989, The marine fauna of New Zealand: Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata (Cheilostomida Ascophorina) from the western South Island continental shelf and slope, New Zealand Oceanographi c Institute Memoir, 97, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1989">Gordon (1989: 57)</bibRefCitation>
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stipulated that there was ‘no suboral aviculiferous mucro’ in
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE0F6D1F2FCEA93B8" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[718,831,899,923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE0F6D1F2FCEA93B8" box="[718,831,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Riscodopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A mucro occurs in
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE614D1F5FF0B9399" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biincisa">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE614D1F5FF0B9399" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. biincisa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE318D1D2FE649399" authorityName="Cook & Bock" authorityYear="2002" box="[288,433,931,954]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paucipora">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE318D1D2FE649399" box="[288,433,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. paucipora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but is absent from
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE092D1D2FCD99399" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[682,780,931,954]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parva">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE092D1D2FCD99399" box="[682,780,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. parva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE127D1D2FC529399" baseAuthorityName="Cook and Chimonides" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[799,903,930,954]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cotyla">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE127D1D2FC529399" box="[799,903,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. cotyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE1F1D1D2FBEB9399" authorityName="Cook & Bock" authorityYear="2002" box="[969,1086,930,954]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE1F1D1D2FBEB9399" box="[969,1086,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. hyalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the similarities in colony form and basal septular pores suggest that all the species described here may be contained within the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE146D193FC3A93D9" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[894,1007,994,1018]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE146D193FC3A93D9" box="[894,1007,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Riscodopa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In all species, the ancestrula is surrounded by a circlet of ve or six primary autozooids. These appear to be budded as a distal pair or triad, followed by a proximal triad, which may be derived equally from the lateral zooids as well as from the ancestrula.
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE2B4D610FE9F945A" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1989" box="[140,330,1121,1145]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="parva">
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||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE2B4D610FE9F945A" box="[140,330,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Riscodopa parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE3A9D613FE29945A" baseAuthorityName="Cook and Chimonides" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[401,508,1121,1145]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cotyla">
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<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE3A9D613FE29945A" box="[401,508,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. cotyla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
live, anchored by basal rhizoids, on particulate substrata in deep water (477–4059 and
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||
<quantity id="4C8074995A44A05FE057D6F0FD3F94BA" box="[623,746,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" unit="m" value="490.0" valueMax="660.0" valueMin="320.0">320–660 m</quantity>
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||
, respectively), from the
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<collectingCountry id="F36F99EC5A44A05FE62AD6F3FF3D949A" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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||
shelf;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE305D6D3FE67949A" authorityName="Cook & Bock" authorityYear="2002" box="[317,434,1185,1209]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hyalina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE305D6D3FE67949A" box="[317,434,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. hyalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs oV the coast of
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||
<collectingRegion id="49BC179E5A44A05FE0E1D6D3FC7E949A" box="[729,939,1185,1209]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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||
from
|
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<quantity id="4C8074995A44A05FE1C4D6D0FF0494FA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" metricValueMax="5.029999999999999" metricValueMin="4.29" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" unit="m" value="466.0" valueMax="503.0" valueMin="429.0">
|
||
429 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7E12F55A44A05FE2B4D6B0FF0494FA" box="[140,209,1217,1241]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" type="generic">503 m</specimenCount>
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||
</quantity>
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||
. The numerous other fossil bryozoan species associated with
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<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE1A4D6B3FBC494FA" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[924,1041,1217,1241]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="biincisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE1A4D6B3FBC494FA" box="[924,1041,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. biincisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE2B4D693FECC94DA" authorityName="Cook & Bock" authorityYear="2002" box="[140,281,1250,1273]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petraliidae" genus="Riscodopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="paucipora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE2B4D693FECC94DA" box="[140,281,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">R. paucipora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Tertiary samples from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BC179E5A44A05FE05CD690FD1594DA" box="[612,704,1249,1273]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
suggest, in contrast, that although similar kinds of particulate sea-bottom occurred in Australian Tertiary seas, it is very unlikely that any of these fossil forms lived in deep water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE14AD750FBE7951A" author="WASS, R. E. & CONOLLY, J. R. & MACINTYRE, R. J." box="[882,1074,1313,1337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="63 - 73" refId="ref8810" refString="WASS, R. E., CONOLLY, J. R. and MACINTYRE, R. J., 1970, Bryozoan carbonate sand continuous along southern Australia, Marine Geology, 9, 63 - 73." type="journal article" year="1970">
|
||
Wass
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE18DD753FC32951A" box="[949,999,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1970
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similar apparent discrepancies between the known depth range of Recent species, and the depths inferred for their fossil congeners, occur among several groups of species in the Australian Tertiary, and have been noted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE10DD7F0FEC9959A" authority="(Bock and Cook, 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Bock and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Eurystomellidae" genus="Selenariopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE10DD7F0FC1195BA" box="[821,964,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Selenariopsis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE1E1D7F0FEDA959A" author="BOCK, P. E. & COOK, P. L." pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="23 - 31" refId="ref7653" refString="BOCK, P. E. and COOK, P. L., 1996, The genus Selenariopsis Maplestone, 1913 (Bryozoa, Ascophorina), Records of the South Australian Museum, 29 (1), 23 - 31." type="journal article" year="1996">Bock and Cook, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE312D7D0FD09959A" authority="(Bock and Cook, 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Bock and Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[298,732,1441,1465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Siphonicytaridae" genus="Siphonicytara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE312D7D0FE17959A" box="[298,450,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Siphonicytara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE9A48D5A44A05FE3EFD7D0FD04959A" author="BOCK, P. E. & COOK, P. L." box="[471,721,1441,1465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" pagination="307 - 322" refId="ref7697" refString="BOCK, P. E. and COOK, P. L., 2001, A review of Australian Siphonicytara Busk (Bryozoa - Cheilostomatida), Records of the Western Australian Museum, 20, 307 - 322." type="journal article" year="2001">Bock and Cook, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C78A2FF5A44A05FE178D7D0FC1B959A" authorityName="Stach" authorityYear="1935" box="[832,974,1441,1465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Petalostegidae" genus="Chelidozoum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90C056E5A44A05FE178D7D0FC1B959A" box="[832,974,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Chelidozoum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other species (Bock and Cook, in press). One possible explanation is that the hydrodynami c conditions of the shelf environments of the mid-Tertiary were much less agitated by wave activity than the modern shelf of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F99EC5A44A05FE0EBD471FCEE963B" box="[723,827,1536,1560]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This in turn, may be related to the narrower zone of open ocean that existed between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F99EC5A44A05FE1A0D451FBC5961B" box="[920,1040,1568,1592]" name="Antarctica" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36F99EC5A44A05FE2B4D431FF21967B" box="[140,244,1600,1624]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="1603">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, or that the severe storms in this zone were less frequent or less intense during this interval of milder climate. The lack of strong bottom current or wave activity is also re ected in the presence of clay-rich sediments over large intervals and areas in the Tertiary, whereas clay-rich sediments are generally little-represented on the modern continental shelf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |