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<mods:title id="6ADEB532497D0EAEFC1934DC677F9F31">Geographic variation of chromosomes and somatic morphology in the Japanese polymorphic species Leiobunum hiraiwai (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CFE5B3B0AFE00" bold="true" box="[264,513,465,491]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Leiobunum hiraiwai</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="13213AE1854CFFA6E60CFE7E3877FDE5" box="[264,380,500,526]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 A – L" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 A – Q" captionStart-10="FIGURES 12 A – F" captionStart-11="FIGURES 13 A – G" captionStart-12="FIGURES 14 A – F" captionStart-13="FIGURES 15 A – G" captionStart-14="FIGURE 16" captionStart-15="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURES 3 A – I" captionStart-3="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStart-4="FIGURES 6 A – E" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStart-6="FIGURES 8 A – E" captionStart-7="FIGURES 9 A – E" captionStart-8="FIGURES 10 A – E" captionStart-9="FIGURES 11 A – F" captionStartId-0="3.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,383,1619,1643]" captionStartId-10="14.[264,383,1404,1428]" captionStartId-11="15.[264,383,1573,1597]" captionStartId-12="16.[264,383,1504,1528]" captionStartId-13="17.[264,383,1373,1397]" captionStartId-14="18.[264,368,1505,1529]" captionStartId-15="30.[264,368,1837,1861]" captionStartId-2="5.[264,383,1182,1206]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,383,1214,1238]" captionStartId-4="8.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionStartId-5="9.[264,368,1342,1366]" captionStartId-6="10.[264,383,1171,1195]" captionStartId-7="11.[264,383,1595,1619]" captionStartId-8="12.[264,381,1774,1797]" captionStartId-9="13.[264,383,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox-0="[272,1269,576,1331]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1322,712,1618]" captionTargetBox-10="[369,1216,595,1394]" captionTargetBox-11="[278,1300,770,1511]" captionTargetBox-12="[368,1229,768,1484]" captionTargetBox-13="[281,1294,642,1372]" captionTargetBox-14="[305,1263,604,1487]" captionTargetBox-15="[291,1292,1234,1786]" captionTargetBox-2="[298,1295,481,1162]" captionTargetBox-3="[304,1281,488,1194]" captionTargetBox-4="[302,1287,682,1315]" captionTargetBox-5="[422,1153,311,1333]" captionTargetBox-6="[331,1283,344,1097]" captionTargetBox-7="[370,1212,467,1510]" captionTargetBox-8="[399,1184,902,1773]" captionTargetBox-9="[372,1210,806,1713]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[264,1322,560,1353]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[264,1322,681,1618]" captionTargetId-10="figure@14.[350,1242,581,1397]" captionTargetId-11="figure@15.[264,1322,750,1539]" captionTargetId-12="figure@16.[342,1250,743,1501]" captionTargetId-13="figure@17.[280,1313,630,1372]" captionTargetId-14="figure@18.[264,1322,586,1506]" captionTargetId-15="figure@30.[264,1322,1229,1821]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[264,1322,466,1174]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[273,1314,466,1202]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[279,1308,668,1332]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[422,1178,299,1336]" captionTargetId-6="figure@10.[274,1315,320,1129]" captionTargetId-7="figure@11.[340,1248,442,1547]" captionTargetId-8="figure@12.[397,1191,886,1777]" captionTargetId-9="figure@13.[354,1236,779,1739]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-10="14" captionTargetPageId-11="15" captionTargetPageId-12="16" captionTargetPageId-13="17" captionTargetPageId-14="18" captionTargetPageId-15="30" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionTargetPageId-9="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 A – L. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). A – B. Eye tubercle of male, lateral view. C – F. Genital operculum (C – D male, E – F female). G – H. Labrum of female, lateral view. I­K. Chelicera of male, mesal view. L. Body of female, dorsal view. Localities (numerals in parentheses denote code numbers given in Fig. 7): A. Mt Bunagatake (10 — Kinki race). B, J. Mt Utsukushigahara (42 — Utsukushigahara race). C. Mt Hyônosen (8 — Kinki race). D, K. Mt Amagi (40 — Izu race). E, G, L. Kisokoma­kôgen (15 — Kinki race). F, H. Togakushi (50 — Western Kantô race). I. Mt Hiko (2 — Kyushu­Hiroshima race)." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 A – Q. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). Labrum of male, lateral (above) and ventral (below) views. Races: A. Tsushima race. B – D. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. E – G. Kinki race. H – I. Kamikôchi race. J – K. Fuji race. L – M. Izu race. N – O. Utsukushigahara race. P – Q. Western Kantô race. Localities: A. Mt Ariake (1). B. Mt Hiko (2). C. Yoshiwa­mura (4). D. Sandankyô (5). E. Mt Hyônosen (8). F. Mt Bunagatake (10). G. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). H. Suzuran (25). I. Kamikôchi (26). J. Lake Kawaguchi (31). K. Tanzawa (35). L. Mt Takanosu (36). M. Mt Amagi (40). N. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). O. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake (48). P. Kurumasaka­tôge Pass (51). Q. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-10="FIGURES 12 A – F. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right). Races: A – D. Kamikôchi race. E – F. Fuji race. Localities: A. Sakai­tôge Pass (24). B. Suzuran (25). C. Kamikôchi (26). D. Ariake Spa (29). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Tanzawa (35). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-11="FIGURES 13 A – G. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right). Races: A – C. Izu race. D – G. Utsukushigahara race. Localities: A. Mt Takanosu (36). B. Mt Amagi (40). C. Amagi­tôge Pass (41). D – E. Umegashima Spa (49). F. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake (48). G. Mt Kitadake, Hirogawara (47). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-12="FIGURES 14 A – F. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right), Utsukushigahara race. Localities: A. Yashajin­tôge Pass (46). B – D. Mt Kirigamine, Kowashimizu, 1660 m alt. (45). E. Tobira Pass (43). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-13="FIGURES 15 A – G. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right), Western Kantô race. Localities: A. Togakushi­Chûsha (50). B. Kurumasaka Pass (51). C. Mt Haruna (52). D. Mt Hiuchi (53). E. Yumoto Spa (54). F. Nippara (56). G. Mt Bushu­Mitake (57). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-14="FIGURE 16. Summary of geographic variation in penis morphology of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Localities: 1. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima. 2. Mt Hiko. 3. Mt Azuma. 4. Mt Bunagadake. 5. Mt Hakusan. 6. Kôzenji Temple, Komagane. 7. Kamikôchi. 8. Lake Kawaguchi. 9. Mt Amagi, Izu. 10. Umegashima Spa. 11. Kowashimizu, Mt Kirigamine (Kowashimizu population). 12. Mt Bushû­ Mitake, Tokyo. 13. Yumoto Spa, Nikko. Populations circumscribed by the same enclosure represents a race. Arrow head denotes barbs on the alate part of the penis." captionText-15="FIGURE 18. Diagrams illustrating the possible evolution of the races in Leiobunum hiraiwai. Details in the text." captionText-2="FIGURES 3 A – I. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki), palp of male, mesal view. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B – C. Kinki race. D. Kamikôchi race. E. Fuji race. F. Utsukushigahara race. G – H. Western Kantô race. I. Izu race. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). D. Kamikôchi (26). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). G. Kurumasaka­tôge (51). H. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). I. Mt Amagi (40). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-3="FIGURES 5 A – E. Male karyotypes of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B – C. Kinki race. D – E. Intermediate populations. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2 n = 18). B. Mt Bunagatake (2 n = 20). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge Pass (2 n = 20). D. Todai (2 n = 20). E. Mt Nyûgasa (2 n = 20)." captionText-4="FIGURES 6 A – E. Male karyotypes of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Races: A. Kamikôchi race. B – C. Utsukushigaraha race. D. Western Kantô race. E. Izu race. Localities: A. Ariake Spa (2 n = 20). B. Mt Utsukushigahara (2 n = 20). C. Kowashimizu, 1630 m alt., Mt Kirigamine (2 n = 20). D. Mt Bushû­Mitake (2 n = 22). E. Mt Amagi (2 n = 22)." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Distribution and chromosome numbers of eight races of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Localities: 1. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima. 2. Mt Hikosan. 3. Is. Miyajima. 4. Yoshiwa­mura. 5. Sandankyô. 6. Mt Shiraki. 7. Mt Azuma. 8. Mt Hyônosen. 9. Mt Hieizan. 10. Mt Bunagatake. 11. Mt Ibuki. 12. Mt Gozaisho. 13. Mt Hakusan. 14. Mt Hoko. 15. Kisokoma­kôgen. 16. Kôzenji, Kisofukushima. 17. Mt Ontake. 18. Narai. 19. Mt Kokuzô. 20. Kôzenji, Komagane. 21. Ina­Takatô. 22. Tsuetsuki­tôge Pass. 23. Mt Kirigamine, Ikenokurumi. 24. Sakai­tôge Pass. 25. Suzuran, Mt Norikura. 26 – 28. Kamikôchi (26 Konashidaira, 27 Myôjin, 28 Yokoo Hütte). 29. Ariake Spa. 30. Nakabusa Spa. 31. Lake Kawaguchi. 32. Lake Yamanaka. 33. Fuji­Yoshida. 34. Mt Kintoki, Hakone. 35. Yabitsu­tôge Pass. 36. Mt Takanosu, Hakone. 37. Lake Ashinoko, Hakone. 38. Mt Yahazu. 39. Mt Tôgasa. 40. Mt Amagi. 41. Amagi­tôge Pass. 42. Mt Utsukushigahara. 43. Tobira­tôge Pass. 44 – 45. Mt Kirigamine, Kowashimizu, populations at 1630 – 1660 m. 46. Yashajin­tôge Pass. 47. Hirogawara, Mt Kitadake. 48. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake. 49. Umegashima Spa. 50. Togakushikôgen. 51. Kurumasaka­tôge Pass. 52. Mt Haruna, Haruna Shrine. 53. Mt Hiuchi­ga­take. 54. Yumoto Spa, Nikko. 55. Daibosatsu­tôge Pass. 56. Nippara, Okutama. 57. Mt Bushû­Mitake. Dotted line indicates distribution areas of cool temperate broad­leaved forest (mainly beech)." captionText-6="FIGURES 8 A – E. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right). Races: A. Tsushima race. B – E. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. Localities: A. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima (1). B. Mt Hikosan (2). C. Yoshiwa­mura (4). D. Sandankyô (5). E. Mt Azuma (7). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-7="FIGURES 9 A – E. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right), Kinki race. Localities: A. Mt Hyônosen (8). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Mt Ibuki (11). D. Mt Gozaisho (12). E. Mt Hakusan (13). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-8="FIGURES 10 A – E. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral view (left) and tip of penis, lateral view (right), Kinki race. Localities: A. Mt Hoko (14). B. Kisokoma­kôgen (15). C. Mt Ontake (17). D. Narai (18). E. Mt Kokuzô (19). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-9="FIGURES 11 A – F. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and tip of penis, lateral view (right). Races: A – D. Kinki race. E – F. Intermediate populations. Localities: A. Komagane­Kôzenji (20). B. Takatô (21). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge Pass (22). D. Ikenokurumi (23). E. Todai (59). F. Mt Nyûgasa (58). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174046/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174047/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/174056/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/174057/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/174058/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/174059/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/174060/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/174061/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174048/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/174049/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/174050/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/174051/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/174052/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/174053/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/174054/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/174055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Figs 1–18</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CFAC138CDFA88" bold="true" box="[264,454,1355,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">FIGURES 1A–L</emphasis>
. 
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(Sato &amp; Suzuki)
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. A–B. Eye tubercle of male, lateral view. C–F. Genital operculum (C–D male, E–F female). G–H. Labrum of female, lateral view. I­K. Chelicera of male, mesal view. L. Body of female, dorsal view. Localities (numerals in parentheses denote code numbers given in Fig. 7): A. Mt Bunagatake (10 — Kinki race). B, J. Mt Utsukushigahara (42 — Utsukushigahara race). C. Mt Hyônosen (8 — Kinki race). D, K. Mt Amagi (40 — Izu race). E, G, L. Kisokoma­kôgen (15 — Kinki race). F, H. Togakushi (50 — Western Kantô race). I. Mt Hiko (2 — Kyushu­Hiroshima race).
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, figs 3–4. (
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locality: Mt Hikosan, Kyushu, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D66F4854CFFA6E3C7F9D33C0EF99B" box="[1219,1285,1625,1648]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Japan</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854CFFA6E60CF9F03D3DF97B" blockId="3.[264,1324,1625,1904]" box="[264,1078,1657,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854CFFA6E60CF9F03B67F97B" authority="Suzuki 1953" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityYear="1953" box="[264,620,1657,1681]" class="Arachnida" family="Leiobunidae" genus="Liobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CF9F038DEF97A" box="[264,469,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Liobunum hiraiwai</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E6E7F9F33B67F97B" author="Suzuki" box="[483,620,1657,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" refString="Suzuki, S. (1953) Studies on the Japanese harvesters. VI. Some new and little known species of the genus Liobunum C. L. Koch from Japan, with special reference to the comparative study of penis. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 14, 173 - 200." type="journal article" year="1953">Suzuki 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 4–5; 1957: 109, figs 9–12, 15, 18, 21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854CFFA6E60CF9103DBCF93B" blockId="3.[264,1324,1625,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854CFFA6E60CF9103DBCF93B" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854CFFA6E60CF9103BA0F95B" ID-CoL="7WWDC" authority="Suzuki 1966: 160" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1966" box="[264,683,1689,1713]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CF91038EBF95A" box="[264,480,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Leiobunum hiraiwai</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E6EAF9133BA0F95B" author="Suzuki" box="[494,683,1689,1712]" page="160" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E6EAF9133B7CF95B" author="Suzuki" box="[494,631,1689,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" refString="Suzuki, S. (1966) Two new species of the genus Leiobunum (Leiobunidae, Opiliones) from East Asia. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 39, 160 - 168." type="journal article" year="1966">Suzuki 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 160
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 2F, H: 3F; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E452F9133D8FF95B" author="Tsurusaki" box="[854,1156,1689,1712]" page="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E452F9133D56F95B" author="Tsurusaki" box="[854,1117,1689,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Tsurusaki, N. &amp; Sasaji, H. (1991) Opiliones of Fukui Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan. Entomological Journal of Fukui, 8, 2 - 20." type="journal article" year="1991">Tsurusaki &amp; Sasaji 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 16
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 7C; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E3E2F91338D3F93B" author="Tsurusaki" page="214" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E3E2F91338A8F93B" author="Tsurusaki" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Tsurusaki, N. (1993) Leiobunum montanum and L. hiraiwai. In: Ehara, S. &amp; Tsurusaki, N. (Eds), Tottori's outstanding nature, animals and their conservation. Tottori Prefecture, Tottori, 214 - 215. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1993">Tsurusaki 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 214
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E6E7F9333A11F93B" author="Tsurusaki" box="[483,794,1721,1744]" page="73" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E6E7F9333BF8F93B" author="Tsurusaki" box="[483,755,1721,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Tsurusaki, N. &amp; Okada, S. (2000) IV. Animals. In: Landscape and Nature Division of Tottori Prefecture (Ed.), Report of the scientific surveys on natural environment of Mt. Kenashi and Mt. Hobutsu. Landscape of Nature Division of Tottori Prefecture, 59 - 92. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2000">Tsurusaki &amp; Okada 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 73
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 
<date id="FFA400A4854CFFA6E454F9333A86F93B" box="[848,909,1721,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" value="1911-04">IV­11</date>
(left); 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E4D3F9333DB8F93B" author="Tsurusaki" box="[983,1203,1721,1744]" page="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E4D3F9333D80F93B" author="Tsurusaki" box="[983,1163,1721,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Tsurusaki, N. (2002 a) Leiobunum hiraiwai. In: Tsurusaki, N. (Ed.), Threatened wildlife of Tottori Prefecture, Animals. Tottori Prefecture, Tottori, 168. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Tsurusaki 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854CFFA6E60CF9503C0DF91B" blockId="3.[264,1324,1625,1904]" box="[264,1286,1753,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854CFFA6E60CF9503C0DF91B" box="[264,1286,1753,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854CFFA6E60CF9503A04F91B" ID-CoL="7ZC24" authority="Suzuki 1976: 237" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="237" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,783,1753,1777]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraiwai" subSpecies="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CF9503B48F91A" box="[264,579,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Leiobunum hiraiwai hiraiwai</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E554F9533A04F91B" author="Suzuki" box="[592,783,1753,1776]" page="237" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E554F9533BD1F91B" author="Suzuki" box="[592,730,1753,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 237
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 48–50, 110–111, 252–254, 269, 345–347.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854CFFA6E60CF9703A4FF8DB" blockId="3.[264,1324,1625,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854CFFA6E60CF9703A4FF8DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854CFFA6E60CF9703A12F8FB" ID-CoL="7ZC25" authority="Suzuki, 1976: 239" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,793,1785,1809]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraiwai" subSpecies="izuense">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CF9703B34F8FA" box="[264,575,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Leiobunum hiraiwai izuense</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E54EF9733A12F8FB" author="Suzuki" box="[586,793,1785,1808]" page="239" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E54EF9733BD4F8FB" author="Suzuki" box="[586,735,1785,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 51–52, 112, 256–257, 270–274, 348–350. (
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854CFFA6E63BF893387DF8DB" box="[319,374,1817,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Mt Yahazu­yama, Shizuoka Pref.)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854CFFA6E60CF8B03BA4F89B" blockId="3.[264,1324,1625,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854CFFA6E60CF8B03BA4F89B" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854CFFA6E60CF8B03BD3F8BB" ID-CoL="7ZC23" authority="Suzuki, 1976: 241" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="241" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,728,1849,1873]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraiwai" subSpecies="fuji">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854CFFA6E60CF8B03B07F8BA" box="[264,524,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Leiobunum hiraiwai fuji</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854CFFA6E517F8B33BD3F8BB" author="Suzuki" box="[531,728,1849,1872]" page="241" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854CFFA6E517F8B33BA8F8BB" author="Suzuki" box="[531,675,1849,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 241
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 53­58, 113­115, 277­280, 351­352. (
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854CFFA6E392F8B33DC6F8BB" box="[1174,1229,1849,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Lake Yamanaka, Yamanashi Pref.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854BFFA1E60CFE963A80FE98" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854BFFA1E60CFE963A80FE98" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854BFFA1E60CFE963A21FED8" ID-CoL="7ZC27" authority="Suzuki, 1976: 244" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,810,284,307]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraiwai" subSpecies="shiranense">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E60CFE963B56FED8" box="[264,605,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Leiobunum hiraiwai shiranense</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854BFFA1E560FE963A21FED8" author="Suzuki" box="[612,810,284,307]" page="244" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854BFFA1E560FE963BFEFED8" author="Suzuki" box="[612,757,284,307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 244
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 59–60, 116, 255, 275–276. (
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E397FE963DC6FED8" box="[1171,1229,284,307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Type</typeStatus>
: ď 
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E3F6FE96386DFEB8" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 1φ 
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E6BBFEB63B16FEB8" box="[447,541,316,339]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, Shiranesanzan, from Mt Aino­dake to Mt Nôtori­dake, Yamanashi Pref., Z. Ôshimo leg., 
<date id="FFA400A4854BFFA1E6E1FED63B92FE98" box="[485,665,348,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" value="1953-08-27">27. August 1953</date>
, in ZLHU, examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854BFFA1E60CFEF63A00FE58" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854BFFA1E60CFEF63A00FE58" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854BFFA1E60CFEF63A12FE78" ID-CoL="7ZC26" authority="Suzuki, 1976: 244" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,793,380,403]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraiwai" subSpecies="longum">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E60CFEF63B4BFE78" box="[264,576,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Leiobunum hiraiwai longum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854BFFA1E548FEF63A12FE78" author="Suzuki" box="[588,793,380,403]" page="244" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854BFFA1E548FEF63BEBFE78" author="Suzuki" box="[588,736,380,403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 244
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 61–64, 117, 261–263, 281–284, 353–355. (
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E63BFE16387DFE58" box="[319,374,412,435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Mt Hyônosen, Tottori Pref.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854BFFA1E60CFE363A0DFE18" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854BFFA1E60CFE363A0DFE18" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854BFFA1E60CFE363BA2FE38" authority="Suzuki, 1957: 113" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1957" box="[264,681,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Leiobunidae" genus="Liobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamanum">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E60CFE3638D6FE38" box="[264,477,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Liobunum tamanum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854BFFA1E6E1FE363BA2FE38" author="Suzuki" box="[485,681,444,467]" page="113" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854BFFA1E6E1FE363B7EFE38" author="Suzuki" box="[485,629,444,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" refString="Suzuki, S. (1957) On the three closely related forms of the genus Liobunum (Phalangiidae, Opiliones). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, VI, Zoology, 13, 109 - 117." type="journal article" year="1957">Suzuki, 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 113
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1–3, 5–8, 16, 19, 22, 24–25. (
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E319FE363D5FFE38" box="[1053,1108,444,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Mt Bushû­ Mitake, Tokyo Pref.). NEW SYNONYMY.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854BFFA1E60CFE7638A1FDD8" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854BFFA1E60CFE7638A1FDD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854BFFA1E60CFE763BBDFDF8" ID-CoL="7WWFZ" authority="Suzuki 1976: 232" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,694,508,531]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamanum">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E60CFE7638E2FDF8" box="[264,489,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Leiobunum tamanum</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854BFFA1E6FCFE763BBDFDF8" author="Suzuki" box="[504,694,508,531]" page="232" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854BFFA1E6FCFE763B8AFDF8" author="Suzuki" box="[504,641,508,531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 72–73, 124, 239–244, 340–341; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854BFFA1E34DFE7638ADFDD8" author="Tsurusaki" page="509" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854BFFA1E34DFE76387AFDD8" author="Tsurusaki" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" refString="Tsurusaki, N. &amp; Hayashi, T. (1985) Opiliones of Gumma Prefecture, central Honshu. In: Gumma Prefectural Board of Senior High School Education (Ed.), Fauna of Gumma Prefecture. Gumma Prefecture, Maebashi, 505 - 511. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1985">Tsurusaki &amp; Hayashi 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 509
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA52664854BFFA1E60CFDB63B56FD78" blockId="4.[264,1323,283,659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A014A854BFFA1E60CFDB63B56FD78" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854BFFA1E60CFDB63BD8FDB8" ID-CoL="7WWG4" authority="Suzuki, 1976: 234" authorityName="Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1976" box="[264,723,572,595]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsushimense">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E60CFDB63B0CFDB8" box="[264,519,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Leiobunum tsushimense</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB0075854BFFA1E50AFDB63BD8FDB8" author="Suzuki" box="[526,723,572,595]" page="234" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854BFFA1E50AFDB63B95FDB8" author="Suzuki" box="[526,670,572,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1976) The genus Leiobunum C. L. Koch of Japan and adjacent countries (Leiobunidae, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University (B- 1), 26, 187 - 260." type="journal article" year="1976">Suzuki, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 234
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 65–66, 245–251, 342–344. (
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E333FDB63D7AFDB8" box="[1079,1137,572,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Type</typeStatus>
: ♂ 
<typeStatus id="54A198C6854BFFA1E397FDB63DFBFDB8" box="[1171,1264,572,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Mt Ariake­yama, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 
<date id="FFA400A4854BFFA1E438FDD63AC8FD98" box="[828,963,604,627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" value="1973-07-07">7. July 1973</date>
, S. Suzuki leg., in ZLHU, examined). NEW SYNONYMY.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6576EC854BFFA1E60CF9D93DF6F8B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174047/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" targetBox="[266,1322,712,1618]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA52664854BFFA1E60CF9D93DF6F8B6" blockId="4.[264,1323,1619,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E60CF9D938D8F980" bold="true" box="[264,467,1619,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">FIGURES 2A–Q.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854BFFA1E6DBF9D93A88F981" authority="Sato &amp; Suzuki" authorityName="Sato &amp; Suzuki" box="[479,899,1619,1642]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854BFFA1E6DBF9D93BB6F981" box="[479,701,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Leiobunum hiraiwai</emphasis>
(Sato &amp; Suzuki)
</taxonomicName>
. Labrum of male, lateral (above) and ventral (below) views. Races: A. Tsushima race. B–D. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. E–G. Kinki race. H–I. Kamikôchi race. J–K. Fuji race. L–M. Izu race. N–O. Utsukushigahara race. P–Q. Western Kantô race. Localities: A. Mt Ariake (1). B. Mt Hiko (2). C. Yoshiwa­mura (4). D. Sandankyô (5). E. Mt Hyônosen (8). F. Mt Bunagatake (10). G. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). H. Suzuran (25). I. Kamikôchi (26). J. Lake Kawaguchi (31). K. Tanzawa (35). L. Mt Takanosu (36). M. Mt Amagi (40). N. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). O. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake (48). P. Kurumasaka­tôge Pass (51). Q. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30075EF854AFFA0E60CFE9138F1FE45" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA52664854AFFA0E60CFE9138F1FE45" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854AFFA0E60CFE913883FEDE" bold="true" box="[264,392,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Characterized by the unique shape of the penis shaft with laterally expanded projections (winglets); winglets often barbed (Nos 
<quantity id="4CE28B81854AFFA0E45EFECE3AAFFEB5" box="[858,932,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="0.508" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.0">2–9 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E4AEFECE3D0AFEB5" box="[938,1025,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[264,368,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,604,1487]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[264,1322,586,1506]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Summary of geographic variation in penis morphology of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Localities: 1. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima. 2. Mt Hiko. 3. Mt Azuma. 4. Mt Bunagadake. 5. Mt Hakusan. 6. Kôzenji Temple, Komagane. 7. Kamikôchi. 8. Lake Kawaguchi. 9. Mt Amagi, Izu. 10. Umegashima Spa. 11. Kowashimizu, Mt Kirigamine (Kowashimizu population). 12. Mt Bushû­ Mitake, Tokyo. 13. Yumoto Spa, Nikko. Populations circumscribed by the same enclosure represents a race. Arrow head denotes barbs on the alate part of the penis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174060/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Palps of both males and females often darkened (This character state is only shared by 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854AFFA0E4D9FEE63C2DFE6D" authority="Roewer, 1910" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1910" box="[989,1318,364,390]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipalpe">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854AFFA0E4D9FEE63D71FE6E" box="[989,1146,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">L. curvipalpe</emphasis>
Roewer, 1910
</taxonomicName>
; see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B95854AFFA0E631FE1E38E6FE45" author="Tsurusaki" box="[309,493,404,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" refString="Tsurusaki, N. (1990) Taxonomic revision of the Leiobunum curvipalpe group (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangiidae). III. Leiobunum curvipalpe subgroup. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 58, 761 - 780." type="journal article" year="1990">Tsurusaki 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6576EC854AFFA0E60CFB143A1CFA99" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" targetBox="[298,1295,481,1162]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA52664854AFFA0E60CFB143A1CFA99" blockId="5.[264,1323,1182,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854AFFA0E60CFB1438C8FB5D" bold="true" box="[264,451,1182,1206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">FIGURES 3A–I</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE7854AFFA0E6D2FB153A71FB5E" authority="Sato &amp; Suzuki" authorityName="Sato &amp; Suzuki" box="[470,890,1182,1206]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854AFFA0E6D2FB153BBFFB5D" box="[470,692,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Leiobunum hiraiwai</emphasis>
(Sato &amp; Suzuki)
</taxonomicName>
, palp of male, mesal view. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B–C. Kinki race. D. Kamikôchi race. E. Fuji race. F. Utsukushigahara race. G–H. Western Kantô race. I. Izu race. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). D. Kamikôchi (26). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). G. Kurumasaka­tôge (51). H. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). I. Mt Amagi (40). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30075EF854AFFA2E63CFA5B3B72FE45" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA52664854AFFA0E63CFA5B386CF8B8" blockId="5.[264,1323,1489,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854AFFA0E63CFA5B38DBFA00" bold="true" box="[312,464,1489,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96EFA76854AFFA0E6D9FA5B3B12FA01" box="[477,537,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Male</emphasis>
. With medium to large­sized body (3.3–5.9 mm long). Genital operculum as shown in 
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E546FA733BC5F9F8" box="[578,718,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – L" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[272,1269,576,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,560,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – L. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). A – B. Eye tubercle of male, lateral view. C – F. Genital operculum (C – D male, E – F female). G – H. Labrum of female, lateral view. I­K. Chelicera of male, mesal view. L. Body of female, dorsal view. Localities (numerals in parentheses denote code numbers given in Fig. 7): A. Mt Bunagatake (10 — Kinki race). B, J. Mt Utsukushigahara (42 — Utsukushigahara race). C. Mt Hyônosen (8 — Kinki race). D, K. Mt Amagi (40 — Izu race). E, G, L. Kisokoma­kôgen (15 — Kinki race). F, H. Togakushi (50 — Western Kantô race). I. Mt Hiko (2 — Kyushu­Hiroshima race)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174046/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Figs 1C–D</figureCitation>
, boundary between operculum and 3rd sternite somewhat obscure. Labrum as in 
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E5BEF9AB3A03F9D0" box="[698,776,1569,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 A – Q" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1619,1643]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,712,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1322,681,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 A – Q. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). Labrum of male, lateral (above) and ventral (below) views. Races: A. Tsushima race. B – D. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. E – G. Kinki race. H – I. Kamikôchi race. J – K. Fuji race. L – M. Izu race. N – O. Utsukushigahara race. P – Q. Western Kantô race. Localities: A. Mt Ariake (1). B. Mt Hiko (2). C. Yoshiwa­mura (4). D. Sandankyô (5). E. Mt Hyônosen (8). F. Mt Bunagatake (10). G. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). H. Suzuran (25). I. Kamikôchi (26). J. Lake Kawaguchi (31). K. Tanzawa (35). L. Mt Takanosu (36). M. Mt Amagi (40). N. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). O. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake (48). P. Kurumasaka­tôge Pass (51). Q. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174047/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
, club­shaped, laterally with numerous dark tubercles. Chelicera as in 
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E556F9C33BDAF988" box="[594,721,1609,1635]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – L" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[272,1269,576,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,560,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – L. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). A – B. Eye tubercle of male, lateral view. C – F. Genital operculum (C – D male, E – F female). G – H. Labrum of female, lateral view. I­K. Chelicera of male, mesal view. L. Body of female, dorsal view. Localities (numerals in parentheses denote code numbers given in Fig. 7): A. Mt Bunagatake (10 — Kinki race). B, J. Mt Utsukushigahara (42 — Utsukushigahara race). C. Mt Hyônosen (8 — Kinki race). D, K. Mt Amagi (40 — Izu race). E, G, L. Kisokoma­kôgen (15 — Kinki race). F, H. Togakushi (50 — Western Kantô race). I. Mt Hiko (2 — Kyushu­Hiroshima race)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174046/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
Figs 
<date id="FFA400A4854AFFA0E596F9C33BACF988" box="[658,679,1609,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">1I</date>
–K
</figureCitation>
, second segment with a few black teeth on its distomesal surface. Palp as shown in 
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E40CF9FB3A50F960" box="[776,859,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – I" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[298,1295,481,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1322,466,1174]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – I. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki), palp of male, mesal view. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B – C. Kinki race. D. Kamikôchi race. E. Fuji race. F. Utsukushigahara race. G – H. Western Kantô race. I. Izu race. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). D. Kamikôchi (26). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). G. Kurumasaka­tôge (51). H. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). I. Mt Amagi (40). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
; femur moderately curved ventrad, distolaterally with a few teeth; patella distally widened, with a small but distinct apophysis on mesal distal margin; tibia proximally swollen, ventromesally with numerous dark teeth in distal third; tarsus with a distinct ventromesal row of teeth. Palps often completely (
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E3F2F9633841F8C0" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – I" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[298,1295,481,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1322,466,1174]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – I. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki), palp of male, mesal view. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B – C. Kinki race. D. Kamikôchi race. E. Fuji race. F. Utsukushigahara race. G – H. Western Kantô race. I. Izu race. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). D. Kamikôchi (26). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). G. Kurumasaka­tôge (51). H. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). I. Mt Amagi (40). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Figs 3C–F</figureCitation>
) or partially (
<figureCitation id="13213AE1854AFFA0E6FDF89B3B5CF8C0" box="[505,599,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – I" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1182,1206]" captionTargetBox="[298,1295,481,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1322,466,1174]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – I. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki), palp of male, mesal view. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B – C. Kinki race. D. Kamikôchi race. E. Fuji race. F. Utsukushigahara race. G – H. Western Kantô race. I. Izu race. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge (22). D. Kamikôchi (26). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). G. Kurumasaka­tôge (51). H. Mt Bushû­Mitake (57). I. Mt Amagi (40). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) darkened; degree of the melanism varying geographically (Fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA526648549FFA3E63CFE963A4BFE6D" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
Penis as in 
<figureCitation id="13213AE18549FFA3E6B8FE963B3FFEDD" box="[444,564,284,310]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 8 A – E" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 A – E" captionStart-2="FIGURES 10 A – E" captionStart-3="FIGURES 11 A – F" captionStart-4="FIGURES 12 A – F" captionStart-5="FIGURES 13 A – G" captionStart-6="FIGURES 14 A – F" captionStart-7="FIGURES 15 A – G" captionStart-8="FIGURE 16" captionStartId-0="10.[264,383,1171,1195]" captionStartId-1="11.[264,383,1595,1619]" captionStartId-2="12.[264,381,1774,1797]" captionStartId-3="13.[264,383,1767,1791]" captionStartId-4="14.[264,383,1404,1428]" captionStartId-5="15.[264,383,1573,1597]" captionStartId-6="16.[264,383,1504,1528]" captionStartId-7="17.[264,383,1373,1397]" captionStartId-8="18.[264,368,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox-0="[331,1283,344,1097]" captionTargetBox-1="[370,1212,467,1510]" captionTargetBox-2="[399,1184,902,1773]" captionTargetBox-3="[372,1210,806,1713]" captionTargetBox-4="[369,1216,595,1394]" captionTargetBox-5="[278,1300,770,1511]" captionTargetBox-6="[368,1229,768,1484]" captionTargetBox-7="[281,1294,642,1372]" captionTargetBox-8="[305,1263,604,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[274,1315,320,1129]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[340,1248,442,1547]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[397,1191,886,1777]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[354,1236,779,1739]" captionTargetId-4="figure@14.[350,1242,581,1397]" captionTargetId-5="figure@15.[264,1322,750,1539]" captionTargetId-6="figure@16.[342,1250,743,1501]" captionTargetId-7="figure@17.[280,1313,630,1372]" captionTargetId-8="figure@18.[264,1322,586,1506]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionTargetPageId-6="16" captionTargetPageId-7="17" captionTargetPageId-8="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 8 A – E. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right). Races: A. Tsushima race. B – E. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. Localities: A. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima (1). B. Mt Hikosan (2). C. Yoshiwa­mura (4). D. Sandankyô (5). E. Mt Azuma (7). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 A – E. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right), Kinki race. Localities: A. Mt Hyônosen (8). B. Mt Bunagatake (10). C. Mt Ibuki (11). D. Mt Gozaisho (12). E. Mt Hakusan (13). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-2="FIGURES 10 A – E. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral view (left) and tip of penis, lateral view (right), Kinki race. Localities: A. Mt Hoko (14). B. Kisokoma­kôgen (15). C. Mt Ontake (17). D. Narai (18). E. Mt Kokuzô (19). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-3="FIGURES 11 A – F. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and tip of penis, lateral view (right). Races: A – D. Kinki race. E – F. Intermediate populations. Localities: A. Komagane­Kôzenji (20). B. Takatô (21). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge Pass (22). D. Ikenokurumi (23). E. Todai (59). F. Mt Nyûgasa (58). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-4="FIGURES 12 A – F. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right). Races: A – D. Kamikôchi race. E – F. Fuji race. Localities: A. Sakai­tôge Pass (24). B. Suzuran (25). C. Kamikôchi (26). D. Ariake Spa (29). E. Lake Kawaguchi (31). F. Tanzawa (35). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-5="FIGURES 13 A – G. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right). Races: A – C. Izu race. D – G. Utsukushigahara race. Localities: A. Mt Takanosu (36). B. Mt Amagi (40). C. Amagi­tôge Pass (41). D – E. Umegashima Spa (49). F. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake (48). G. Mt Kitadake, Hirogawara (47). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-6="FIGURES 14 A – F. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right), Utsukushigahara race. Localities: A. Yashajin­tôge Pass (46). B – D. Mt Kirigamine, Kowashimizu, 1660 m alt. (45). E. Tobira Pass (43). F. Mt Utsukushigahara (42). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-7="FIGURES 15 A – G. Leiobunum hiraiwai, penis, ventral (left) and lateral view (right), Western Kantô race. Localities: A. Togakushi­Chûsha (50). B. Kurumasaka Pass (51). C. Mt Haruna (52). D. Mt Hiuchi (53). E. Yumoto Spa (54). F. Nippara (56). G. Mt Bushu­Mitake (57). Numerals in parentheses denote code numbers of localities given in Fig. 7." captionText-8="FIGURE 16. Summary of geographic variation in penis morphology of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Localities: 1. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima. 2. Mt Hiko. 3. Mt Azuma. 4. Mt Bunagadake. 5. Mt Hakusan. 6. Kôzenji Temple, Komagane. 7. Kamikôchi. 8. Lake Kawaguchi. 9. Mt Amagi, Izu. 10. Umegashima Spa. 11. Kowashimizu, Mt Kirigamine (Kowashimizu population). 12. Mt Bushû­ Mitake, Tokyo. 13. Yumoto Spa, Nikko. Populations circumscribed by the same enclosure represents a race. Arrow head denotes barbs on the alate part of the penis." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174052/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174053/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/174054/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/174055/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/174056/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/174057/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/174058/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/174059/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/174060/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Figs 8–16</figureCitation>
; shape and size variable among populations; shaft widest at base and gradually narrowing toward apex but expanded distally; lateral projections at distal end of shaft ventrally forming a pair of pouches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA526648549FFA3E63CFE1E3D23FE3D" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B96EFA768549FFA3E63CFE1E389BFE46" box="[312,400,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Female</emphasis>
. Labrum as shown in 
<figureCitation id="13213AE18549FFA3E592FE1E3A10FE45" box="[662,795,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – L" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[272,1269,576,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,560,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – L. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). A – B. Eye tubercle of male, lateral view. C – F. Genital operculum (C – D male, E – F female). G – H. Labrum of female, lateral view. I­K. Chelicera of male, mesal view. L. Body of female, dorsal view. Localities (numerals in parentheses denote code numbers given in Fig. 7): A. Mt Bunagatake (10 — Kinki race). B, J. Mt Utsukushigahara (42 — Utsukushigahara race). C. Mt Hyônosen (8 — Kinki race). D, K. Mt Amagi (40 — Izu race). E, G, L. Kisokoma­kôgen (15 — Kinki race). F, H. Togakushi (50 — Western Kantô race). I. Mt Hiko (2 — Kyushu­Hiroshima race)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174046/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Figs 1G–H</figureCitation>
, gradually tapering. Genital operculum (
<figureCitation id="13213AE18549FFA3E3FDFE1E3843FE3D" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – L" captionStartId="3.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox="[272,1269,576,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,560,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – L. Leiobunum hiraiwai (Sato &amp; Suzuki). A – B. Eye tubercle of male, lateral view. C – F. Genital operculum (C – D male, E – F female). G – H. Labrum of female, lateral view. I­K. Chelicera of male, mesal view. L. Body of female, dorsal view. Localities (numerals in parentheses denote code numbers given in Fig. 7): A. Mt Bunagatake (10 — Kinki race). B, J. Mt Utsukushigahara (42 — Utsukushigahara race). C. Mt Hyônosen (8 — Kinki race). D, K. Mt Amagi (40 — Izu race). E, G, L. Kisokoma­kôgen (15 — Kinki race). F, H. Togakushi (50 — Western Kantô race). I. Mt Hiko (2 — Kyushu­Hiroshima race)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174046/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Figs 1E–F</figureCitation>
) with posterior margin weakly delimited and sharply rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA526648549FFA3E697FA863D2EFA7F" blockId="6.[264,1323,1292,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
Frequencies of dark­colored and light­colored palps in males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE78549FFA3E34EFA863C2FFAC8" box="[1098,1316,1292,1315]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA768549FFA3E34EFA863C2FFAC8" box="[1098,1316,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Leiobunum hiraiwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The upper left box shows different grades of melanism for palpal patella (Pa) and tibia (Ti) in lateral view, which corresponds to the shading of the circles. 1. Light colored. 2–3. Intermediate condition (corresponding to stippled section of circles). 4–5. Dark colored.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA526648549FFA3E63CFA643868F93B" blockId="6.[264,1325,1518,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B96EFA768549FFA3E63CFA6438C2F9E3" bold="true" box="[312,457,1518,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Karyotypes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13213AE18549FFA3E6DCFA643B48F9E3" box="[472,579,1518,1544]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6 A – E" captionStartId-0="7.[264,383,1214,1238]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,383,1355,1379]" captionTargetBox-0="[304,1281,488,1194]" captionTargetBox-1="[302,1287,682,1315]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[273,1314,466,1202]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[279,1308,668,1332]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 5 A – E. Male karyotypes of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Races: A. Kyushu­Hiroshima race. B – C. Kinki race. D – E. Intermediate populations. Localities: A. Mt Hikosan (2 n = 18). B. Mt Bunagatake (2 n = 20). C. Tsuetsuki­tôge Pass (2 n = 20). D. Todai (2 n = 20). E. Mt Nyûgasa (2 n = 20)." captionText-1="FIGURES 6 A – E. Male karyotypes of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Races: A. Kamikôchi race. B – C. Utsukushigaraha race. D. Western Kantô race. E. Izu race. Localities: A. Ariake Spa (2 n = 20). B. Mt Utsukushigahara (2 n = 20). C. Kowashimizu, 1630 m alt., Mt Kirigamine (2 n = 20). D. Mt Bushû­Mitake (2 n = 22). E. Mt Amagi (2 n = 22)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/174049/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/174050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B958549FFA3E55CFA643BF5F9E3" author="Suzuki" box="[600,766,1518,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1980) A taxonomic revision of some geographic forms of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, Circular, 53, 13. (Abstract of the 16 th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology). [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Suzuki (1980)</bibRefCitation>
briefly reported the existence of three different karyotypes in “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A5DE78549FFA3E6B9F99D3B4AF9DB" box="[445,577,1559,1584]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Leiobunum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraiwai">
<emphasis id="B96EFA768549FFA3E6B9F99D3B4AF9DB" box="[445,577,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">L. hiraiwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, which were easily separable by the number of chromosomes (2n = 18, 20 and 22, respectively). To ascertain this, a total of 99 individuals collected from 19 populations were karyologically analyzed by two methods (squash and airdrying). Provenance of material and the results obtained are synoptically presented in 
<tableCitation id="C69813DF8549FFA3E60CF93C3857F93B" box="[264,348,1718,1744]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,352,283,307]" captionTargetBox="[269,1308,340,659]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Chromosome numbers in various populations of Leiobunum hiraiwai." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6576EC854DFFA7E60CFE913D61FED8" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" tableUuid="DF6576EC854DFFA7E60CFE913D61FED8">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA526648549FFA2E63CF9543B72FE45" blockId="6.[264,1325,1518,1904]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
Chromosomes were found to vary in number and in morphology among the populations examined. This phenomenon was already reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B5B958549FFA3E375F88C3C2CF8CB" author="Suzuki" box="[1137,1319,1798,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" refString="Suzuki, S. (1980) A taxonomic revision of some geographic forms of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, Circular, 53, 13. (Abstract of the 16 th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology). [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Suzuki (1980)</bibRefCitation>
. Interestingly, an obvious eastward increase in the number of chromosomes from 2n = 18 (Mt Hikosan population) to 2n = 22 (Mt Bushû–Mitake, Mt Amagi and Mt Kiyosumi populations) was observed (see 
<figureCitation id="13213AE18548FFA2E5A4FE963BFFFEDD" box="[672,756,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1342,1366]" captionTargetBox="[422,1153,311,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[422,1178,299,1336]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution and chromosome numbers of eight races of Leiobunum hiraiwai. Localities: 1. Mt Ariake, Is. Tsushima. 2. Mt Hikosan. 3. Is. Miyajima. 4. Yoshiwa­mura. 5. Sandankyô. 6. Mt Shiraki. 7. Mt Azuma. 8. Mt Hyônosen. 9. Mt Hieizan. 10. Mt Bunagatake. 11. Mt Ibuki. 12. Mt Gozaisho. 13. Mt Hakusan. 14. Mt Hoko. 15. Kisokoma­kôgen. 16. Kôzenji, Kisofukushima. 17. Mt Ontake. 18. Narai. 19. Mt Kokuzô. 20. Kôzenji, Komagane. 21. Ina­Takatô. 22. Tsuetsuki­tôge Pass. 23. Mt Kirigamine, Ikenokurumi. 24. Sakai­tôge Pass. 25. Suzuran, Mt Norikura. 26 – 28. Kamikôchi (26 Konashidaira, 27 Myôjin, 28 Yokoo Hütte). 29. Ariake Spa. 30. Nakabusa Spa. 31. Lake Kawaguchi. 32. Lake Yamanaka. 33. Fuji­Yoshida. 34. Mt Kintoki, Hakone. 35. Yabitsu­tôge Pass. 36. Mt Takanosu, Hakone. 37. Lake Ashinoko, Hakone. 38. Mt Yahazu. 39. Mt Tôgasa. 40. Mt Amagi. 41. Amagi­tôge Pass. 42. Mt Utsukushigahara. 43. Tobira­tôge Pass. 44 – 45. Mt Kirigamine, Kowashimizu, populations at 1630 – 1660 m. 46. Yashajin­tôge Pass. 47. Hirogawara, Mt Kitadake. 48. Mt Nôtori to Mt Ainodake. 49. Umegashima Spa. 50. Togakushikôgen. 51. Kurumasaka­tôge Pass. 52. Mt Haruna, Haruna Shrine. 53. Mt Hiuchi­ga­take. 54. Yumoto Spa, Nikko. 55. Daibosatsu­tôge Pass. 56. Nippara, Okutama. 57. Mt Bushû­Mitake. Dotted line indicates distribution areas of cool temperate broad­leaved forest (mainly beech)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/174051/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 17). Of diploid complement, the X and Y chromosomes were usually the largest or the smallest chromosomes, respectively, although some variants were found. Characteristics of these karyotypes are mentioned in the descriptions of races below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>