320 lines
36 KiB
XML
320 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="F4999BC057B5107709A6ABD99344E54B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188392" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4683115e-4971-4b8f-bb75-1a3f9b104521" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188392" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461090263440" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pitts, James P., Wilson, Joseph S., Williams, Kevin A. & Boehme, Nicole F." docDate="2009" docId="03933237FFEC9839039EF9CB57D4FD54" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02131p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2131" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma arota Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFAA4A4FFFCE981D0309FFCC5617FFA2" masterDocTitle="Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Algodones sand dunes of California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698588327638" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6C9CEA992B03FB4949F4D040EEA1599D">Velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Algodones sand dunes of California, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="21C583C39063DC704AC9F9DD4C6106FF">Pitts, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="63E86AB76BB494F837132BFD86C73D65">Wilson, Joseph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85646C7ADAD6FF73C40378EA68E81B37">Williams, Kevin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D693193DB1F7501973CE4BB6A247204">Boehme, Nicole F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="92EA5B461E5513CF5AE261AC2AC24AC1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CEAB4067591F9B80FE21EBD9BF7F05D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="23CE589DF3EECE955D220AE43BAFF083">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="768290FD82E567E6E1C3D2E88F43884A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FB04D8A1A54E34C3121C727B21FEDD71">2131</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="368A81CA929DB37C4CA180408F5CA047" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188392</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03933237FFEC9839039EF9CB57D4FD54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225733" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119619683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03933237FFEC9839039EF9CB57D4FD54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03933237FFEC9839039EF9CB57D4FD54" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFEC983F039EF9CB57DFF92A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF9CB5432F983" blockId="34.[151,549,1543,1569]" box="[151,549,1543,1569]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0CD344DFFEC983F039EF9CB5432F983" bold="true" box="[151,549,1543,1569]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEC983F039EF9CB5432F983" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" box="[151,549,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arota">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF9CB5432F983" bold="true" box="[151,549,1543,1569]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF9CB57B2F983" bold="true" box="[151,421,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sphaeropthalma arota</emphasis>
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(Cresson)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF99D57DFF92A" blockId="34.[151,1437,1617,1963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEC983F039EF99D57DEF9CA" authority="Arota Cresson, 1875" authorityName="Arota Cresson" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,457,1617,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF99D573FF9CA" box="[151,296,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mutilla Arota</emphasis>
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Cresson, 1875
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</taxonomicName>
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. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 5: 120. Female.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F0077F99D55F6F9CA" box="[894,993,1617,1640]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data: San Diego, California, G.R. Crotch,
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F03CEF9BD56EBF92A" box="[199,252,1649,1672]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
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no. 1873 (UMSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFEC983F039EF95D545BF8AB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF95D572FF96B" blockId="34.[151,1437,1617,1963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEC983F039EF95D57ACF90A" authority="Fox, 1899" authorityName="Fox" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,443,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Mutilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicaon">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF95D5750F90A" box="[151,327,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mutilla helicaon</emphasis>
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Fox, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 25: 254. Male.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F006DF95D55D0F90A" box="[868,967,1681,1704]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data: Nevada,
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F076CF95D528DF90A" box="[1125,1178,1681,1704]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
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no. 4642 (UMSP).
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F0663F95D572FF96B" bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Synonym.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF91D545BF8AB" blockId="34.[151,1437,1617,1963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF91D5765F94A" box="[151,370,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Photopsis lingulatus</emphasis>
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Viereck, 1903. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Proc. 54: 737. Male.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F00E4F91D5247F94A" box="[1005,1104,1745,1768]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data: La Jolla, San Diego Co., California (UMSP).
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F02A8F93D545BF8AB" bold="true" box="[417,588,1777,1801]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Synonym.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFEC983F039EF8DD5580F808" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF8DD5442F8EB" blockId="34.[151,1437,1617,1963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEC983F039EF8DD54F8F88A" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,751,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata" subGenus="Photopsis">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF8DD5751F88A" box="[151,326,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F0254F8DD57D1F88A" box="[349,454,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Photopsis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F02D7F8DD542FF88A" box="[478,568,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">carinata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFEC983F014EF8DD54F8F88A" author="Schuster" box="[583,751,1809,1832]" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Ent. Amer. 37: 34. Male.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F0731F8DD528CF88A" box="[1080,1179,1809,1832]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data: Purissima, Baja California (NMNH).
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F02A3F8FD5442F8EB" bold="true" box="[426,597,1841,1865]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Synonym.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF89D538BF8CB" blockId="34.[151,1437,1617,1963]" box="[151,1436,1873,1897]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEC983F039EF89D5529F8CA" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,830,1873,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subGenus="Photopsis" subSpecies="coahuilae">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF89D5751F8CA" box="[151,326,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F025CF89D57A9F8CA" box="[341,446,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Photopsis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F02C4F89D548FF8CA" box="[461,664,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">helicaon coahuilae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFEC983F0197F89D5529F8CA" author="Schuster" box="[670,830,1873,1896]" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Ent. Amer. 37: 34. Male.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F075CF89D52AFF8CA" box="[1109,1208,1873,1896]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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lost.
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F07FBF89D538BF8CB" bold="true" box="[1266,1436,1873,1897]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Synonym.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFEC983F039EF8BD5580F808" blockId="34.[151,1437,1617,1963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEC983F039EF8BD5559F82A" authority="Schuster, 1958" authorityName="Schuster" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,846,1905,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subGenus="Photopsis" subSpecies="diegueno">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F039EF8BD5751F82A" box="[151,326,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F0253F8BD57D4F82A" box="[346,451,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Photopsis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F02DEF8BD5488F82A" box="[471,671,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">helicaon diegueno</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFEC983F01A3F8BD5559F82A" author="Schuster" box="[682,846,1905,1928]" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" refString="Schuster, R. M. (1958) A revision of the sphaeropthalmine Mutillidae of America north of Mexico. II. Entomologica Americana, 37, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1958">Schuster, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Ent. Amer. 37: 35. Male.
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<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEC983F078BF8BD52F2F82A" box="[1154,1253,1905,1928]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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data: S. Carlos, Arizona,
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<date id="FF84A5E1FFEC983F0223F85F57F3F808" box="[298,484,1937,1963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1918-05-12" valueMax="1918-05-13" valueMin="1918-05-12">12–13 May 1918</date>
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, J. Ch. Bradley (CUIC).
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEC983F01E5F85E5580F808" bold="true" box="[748,919,1938,1962]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Synonym.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFED983E039EFF545355FE45" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E039EFF54531EFEEE" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E039EFF54576CFF13" box="[151,379,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
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This species is recognized by the tooth on the ventral margin of the mandible having a weak excision and being slightly angulate (
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<figureCitation id="13019FA4FFED983E0196FF72551FFF7A" box="[671,776,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 107" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[186,1363,200,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1540]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 107. Sphaeropthalma arota, male: 100. genitalia, dorsal view right, ventral left; 101. head, dorsal view; and 102. mandible, lateral view. Photomorphus clandestina, male, 103. genitalia, dorsal view left, ventral right; 104. mandible, lateral view; and 105. mesosternal processes, oblique angle, posterior view. Odontophotopsis bellona, male, 106. mesosternal processes, anterior view; Photomorphus clandestina, male, 107. genitalia, dorsal view left, ventral right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188400/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
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), the apical mandibular teeth being at an oblique angle rather than vertical, the clypeus being carinate at base (
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<figureCitation id="13019FA4FFED983E0028FF295590FF5D" box="[801,903,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 107" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[186,1363,200,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1540]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 107. Sphaeropthalma arota, male: 100. genitalia, dorsal view right, ventral left; 101. head, dorsal view; and 102. mandible, lateral view. Photomorphus clandestina, male, 103. genitalia, dorsal view left, ventral right; 104. mandible, lateral view; and 105. mesosternal processes, oblique angle, posterior view. Odontophotopsis bellona, male, 106. mesosternal processes, anterior view; Photomorphus clandestina, male, 107. genitalia, dorsal view left, ventral right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188400/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
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), but sometimes delicately so or gibbous, the lack of mesosternal processes or a sternal felt line, and the ventral margin of the paramere having dense setae that are directed inward toward the cuspis on the basal 0.5X the parameres free length (
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<figureCitation id="13019FA4FFED983E079CFEFE52EBFEEE" box="[1173,1276,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURES 100 – 107" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[186,1363,200,1527]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1540]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 100 – 107. Sphaeropthalma arota, male: 100. genitalia, dorsal view right, ventral left; 101. head, dorsal view; and 102. mandible, lateral view. Photomorphus clandestina, male, 103. genitalia, dorsal view left, ventral right; 104. mandible, lateral view; and 105. mesosternal processes, oblique angle, posterior view. Odontophotopsis bellona, male, 106. mesosternal processes, anterior view; Photomorphus clandestina, male, 107. genitalia, dorsal view left, ventral right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188400/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCFE955355FE45" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCFE9557D9FED0" box="[197,462,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis of female.</emphasis>
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The female of this species can be recognized by the following combination characters: the mandible has only a weak angulate basal tooth on the ventral margin (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13019FA4FFED983E060BFE4C5348FE38" box="[1282,1375,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 46" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[235,1354,183,1661]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,71,1734]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 46. Lateral view of mandible, 31 – 40 female and 41 – 46 male. 31. O. arcuata; 32. O. inconspicua; 33. O. melicausa; 34. O. obscura; 35. O. parva; 36. O. villosa; 37. Sphaeropthalma blakeii; 38. S. difficilis; 39. S. militaris; 40. S. triangularis; 41. O. ambigua; 42. O. arcuata; 43. O. aufidia; 44. O. melicausa; 45. O. becki; and 46. O. django." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188396/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
), the mesosoma and second tergite of the metasoma are covered in brachyplumose orange setae surrounded by white setae along the margins (Figs. 97, 98), the metasoma is petiolate, and the pygidium is granulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFED983E03CCFE3857B5F934" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCFE38547CFC32" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCFE38552DFDAF" box="[197,826,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description of female: Coloration and Setal Pattern</emphasis>
|
||
. Body integument brownish-ferruginous to almost black. Legs and posterior pleural region darker brown. Posterior portion of head, around eyes, clypeus, and antennal scrobe with white plumose setae. Remainder of dorsum of head with silver brachyplumose setae (Fig. 99), sometimes with some orange brachyplumose setae rather than silver located centrally on vertex. Pronotum anteriorly on declivity, pleurae, and vertical portion of propodeum with dense appressed white plumose setae. Dorsum of mesosoma with both erect and appressed brachyplumose orange setae (Fig. 97). Legs with silver brachyplumose setae. T1 with dense appressed as well as longer erect white plumose and brachyplumose setae. T2–T5 and S2–S5 with dense plumose apical fringes (Fig. 98). Disks of metasomal tergites with dense orange setae overlapping plumose fringe medially; part of plumose fringe orange. T2 laterally with only white plumose setae. Sternites with only white brachyplumose setae. Plumose setae with long lateral branches from base to apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCFC5152ADFB64" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCFC515718FC14" box="[197,271,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Head rounded posteriorly, not as wide as mesosoma, densely punctate. Punctures obscured by setae. Eye ovate, distance from posterior mandibular articulation ~
|
||
<date id="FF84A5E1FFED983E00C3FC0855E7FC7C" box="[970,1008,964,990]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3X</date>
|
||
visible length of pedicel. Distance across face in frontal view at genal region slightly wider near eyes than near mandibular base. Clypeus protruding anteriorly, posteromedially produced into distinct triangular tubercle. Antennal scrobe with dorsal carina. Antennal tubercle glabrous. Flagellomere I ~1.5X length of pedicel. Flagellomeres II–III ~1.3–1.5X length of pedicel. Mandible bidentate apically. Dorsal mandibular carina without tooth-like projection at anterior termination of carina. Ventral mandibular margin with slight basal angulation; mandible tapers slightly towards apex. Genal carina absent. Hypostomal carina slightly lamellate medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCFB1F540FFA0C" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCFB1F575CFB4E" box="[197,331,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesosoma widest just posterior to pronotal spiracle, as long as or slightly longer than wide. Mesosoma densely confluently punctate on dorsum. Punctures obscured by setae. Propleuron anteriorly, mesopleuron medially running vertically, and propodeal side, except around propodeal spiracle, punctate. Humeral angle dentate. Epaulet prominent. Scutellar scale absent. Mesosternum with low transverse tubercle present medially just anterior to mesocoxa. Metasternum tridentate; middle tooth elongate. Propodeum with distinct dorsal and vertical faces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCFA775505F9CD" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCFA775750FA76" box="[197,327,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
Segment 1 distinctly petiolate with segment 2. Punctures obscured by setae. T1 with moderate punctures. T2 with dense moderate punctures anteriorly, almost confluent; posteriorly at least 1 puncture width separates punctures. T2 with felt line, 0.10X length of tergite. T3–5 shagreened. T6 with distinct pygidial area defined laterally by weak carinae; surface weakly granulate. S2 with distinct anteromedian tumid region. S2–5 with punctation similar to tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCF9B057B5F934" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" box="[197,418,1660,1686]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCF9B05709F937" box="[197,286,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Length.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFED983E0225F9B05789F934" box="[300,414,1660,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="5.0">5–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFED983E03CCF96F5221F8DC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCF96F5713F892" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCF96F57A2F91E" box="[197,437,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E02B4F96E5454F91E" bold="true" box="[445,579,1698,1724]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">California</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFED983E015DF96F55F7F91F" authority="Co., Algodones Dunes" authorityName="Co., Algodones Dunes" box="[596,992,1699,1725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aurelianidae" genus="Imperial" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E015DF96F54FEF91E" box="[596,745,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Imperial Co</emphasis>
|
||
., Algodones Dunes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Cahuilla Ranger Sta.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFED983E07F4F96F535DF91F" box="[1277,1354,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
WSW Glamis,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFED983E03F3F905575BF941" box="[250,332,1737,1763]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84A5E1FFED983E0251F9055446F941" box="[344,593,1737,1763]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2008-09-22" valueMax="2008-11-15" valueMin="2008-09-22">22.Sep–15.Nov.2008</date>
|
||
, E. Dreyfus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFED983E01E5F9055553F941" box="[748,836,1737,1763]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">UCDC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Niland-Glamis Rd.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFED983E074FF9055281F941" box="[1094,1174,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="7.4">7.4 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Glamis,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFED983E0633F9055380F941" box="[1338,1431,1737,1763]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84A5E1FFED983E039EF93C5774F8A8" box="[151,355,1776,1802]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2008-03-24" valueMax="2008-03-28" valueMin="2008-03-24">24–28.Mar.2008</date>
|
||
, Museum Survey Team (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFED983E019FF93C54E7F8A8" box="[662,752,1776,1802]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">UCDC</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFED983E000FF93C557FF8A8" box="[774,872,1776,1802]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84A5E1FFED983E007CF93C522FF8A8" box="[885,1080,1776,1802]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2008-05-03" valueMax="2008-05-30" valueMin="2008-05-03">3–30.May.2008</date>
|
||
, S. Heydon and K. Lorenzen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFED983E0396F8DA56E0F892" box="[159,247,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">UCDC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCF8F15221F8DC" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCF8F15433F8F4" box="[197,548,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFED983E03CCF8F15717F8F4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[197,256,1853,1878]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher specimen data.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E0125F8F154B8F8F5" bold="true" box="[556,687,1853,1879]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">California</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E01B6F8F1554CF8F4" box="[703,859,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Riverside Co</emphasis>
|
||
., Corn Springs,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC22EC4FFED983E0728F8F1527DF8F5" box="[1057,1130,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||
. S Desert Center,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFED983E064AF8F1538FF8F5" box="[1347,1432,1853,1879]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84A5E1FFED983E039EF8A85723F8DC" box="[151,308,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2005-05-29">
|
||
29.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFED983E03B0F8A85723F8DC" author="May" box="[185,308,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="52" refString="Manley, D. G. & Williams, K. A. (2005) A new color variant of Dasymutilla atricauda Mickel from Imperial County, California (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 81, 184 - 185." type="journal article" year="2005">May.2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, KW07;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3C48A8FFED983E0294F8A85411F8DC" box="[413,518,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84A5E1FFED983E0118F8A854B9F8DC" box="[529,686,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2005-05-29">
|
||
29.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFED983E013AF8A854B9F8DC" author="May" box="[563,686,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="52" refString="Manley, D. G. & Williams, K. A. (2005) A new color variant of Dasymutilla atricauda Mickel from Imperial County, California (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 81, 184 - 185." type="journal article" year="2005">May.2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, K.A. Williams, KW01 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2B1BE4FFED983E00D8F8A8523EF8DC" box="[977,1065,1892,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">EMUS</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFED983E03CCF84757BBF869" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFED983E03CCF84757BBF869" blockId="35.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFED983E03CCF8475740F806" box="[197,343,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. From the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas west to the Sonoran Desert of California and north into the Mojave Desert.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320D0AAFFEA983903CCFF5457D4FD54" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFEA983903CCFF54573EFED1" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,758]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA983903CCFF545726FF13" box="[197,305,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFEA9839024BFF545406FF10" author="Ferguson" box="[322,529,152,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="52" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biology Series, 8, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA9839000DFF545598FF13" box="[772,911,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicaon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA9839000DFF545598FF13" box="[772,911,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. helicaon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA983900D1FF545761FF7A" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Photopsis lingulatus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA983907E3FF545360FF13" box="[1258,1399,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">S. carinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA9839068CFF545761FF7A" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subSpecies="coahuilae">S. helicaon coahuilae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA983902B9FF7354BAFF7A" box="[432,685,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA983902B9FF7354BEFF7A" box="[432,681,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subSpecies="diegueno">S. helicaon diegueno</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We agree with his synonyms. After careful study of specimens from western Texas, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32DC3B1FFEA983902E5FF295446FF5D" box="[492,593,229,255]" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Arizona, California, Nevada, and Baja California, no consistent morphological differences could be found, including genitalic morphology. Specimens, however, do range widely in coloration, sculpturing on the scutellum, and clypeal shape, and this species should be investigated molecularly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFEA983903CCFE4C538AFDAC" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,758]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEA983903F2FE4C5774FE38" box="[251,355,384,410]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA98390285FE4C57FDFE3B" box="[396,490,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA98390285FE4C57FDFE3B" box="[396,490,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. arota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female) differs from the female associated with the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA983907A0FE4C533AFE3B" box="[1193,1325,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicaon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA983907A0FE4C533AFE3B" box="[1193,1325,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">S. helicaon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Algodones Sand Dunes. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEA983902F8FE6A544FFE62" box="[497,600,422,448]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has long orange brachyplumose setae on the disks of third to the sixth metasomal tergite in addition to short white plumose setae, whereas the female found on the Algodones Sand Dunes only has short white plumose setae. At this time, we believe this only represents intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B858321FFEA983903CFFDD657D4FD54" blockId="36.[151,1437,152,758]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Originally, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEA98390270FDD657C8FD96" box="[377,479,538,564]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA98390101FDD6522DFD91" box="[520,1082,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="helicaon" subGenus="Photopsis" subSpecies="diegueno">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA98390101FDD654DEFD91" box="[520,713,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropthalma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA983901D2FDD65559FD91" box="[731,846,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Photopsis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA98390068FDD6522DFD91" box="[865,1082,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">helicaon diegueno</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a specimen Schuster had on loan from Cornell University and was labeled “Porter 20; Cornell U., Lot 709, Sub., Arizona; Specimen B 12 F;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEA983903D2FDA4575FFD20" box="[219,328,616,642]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3AF8A2FFEA98390247FDA4546CFD23" box="[334,635,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helicaon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA98390247FDA4546CFD23" box="[334,635,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sphaeropthalma helicaon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E5F33FFEA983901BFFDA45535FD23" box="[694,802,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">diegueno</emphasis>
|
||
Schu.” Schuster discovered that this specimen did not fit his description and he selected a new
|
||
<typeStatus id="54813D83FFEA98390197FD42551BFD0A" box="[670,780,654,680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(label data listed above in synonymy section). This specimen also belonged to Cornell University (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABFED0FFEA983901B6FD79556CFD6D" author="Ferguson" box="[703,891,693,719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="52" refString="Ferguson, W. E. (1967) Male sphaeropthalmine mutillid wasps of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biology Series, 8, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1967">Ferguson, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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). We have been unable to locate this specimen and believe it is now lost.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |