458 lines
53 KiB
XML
458 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="032CD309BA8314D60AEE4423BB98F778" ID-CLB-Dataset="7081" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dab0d02-d6ed-45ef-8589-5cb984fec302" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4704429" ID-ZooBank="341ED174-5781-4C37-8D0C-8045C90FA369" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618907051145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stöhr, Sabine & O’Hara, Timothy D." docDate="2021" docId="039A87CC627D4F36FF11FCE85B585430" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ophiacantha cosmica Lyman 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="522" masterDocId="FFA3FFB462724F27FF86FFD55F2C5775" masterDocTitle="Deep-sea Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Danish Galathea II Expedition 1950 - 52, with taxonomic revisions" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="520" updateTime="1698938916263" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2BBCFDEFDFF396723CCF566FACDC3582">Deep-sea Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Danish Galathea II Expedition 1950 - 52, with taxonomic revisions</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B55BBCA4BBF34C57DC1BD80330352E64" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B59FE8137BC31461CA4962DA00805DC8">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F49F9857109A773FF4BE6D6683986AA">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept. of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="442ACA1EC0AABA8741EB44C17E325A55">O’Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CD30541C19202C34525E9C6F3CBFB15D">Museums Victoria, Sciences, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2FECCD4ECE42009EADA03125EBE58966">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="162804D80224685FADA120155CE9F543">
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<mods:date id="84894E987BF89DC0D5029D1A2B30951A">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D3C67A484028F0E7DD86D831D8FABABF">2021-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E3CAFEDC65277D062BE02020936DEC49">4963</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039A87CC627D4F36FF11FCE85B585430" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4740567" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212429038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4740567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CC627D4F36FF11FCE85B585430" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87CC627D4F36FF11FCE85B585430" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<subSubSection id="C3296551627D4F28FF11FCE85B465422" box="[151,1130,829,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11FCE85B465422" blockId="15.[151,1130,829,856]" box="[151,1130,829,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<heading id="D0C481B6627D4F28FF11FCE85B465422" bold="true" box="[151,1130,829,856]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2311F4627D4F28FF11FCE85B465422" box="[151,1130,829,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FF11FCE85B465422" bold="true" box="[151,1130,829,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9210CB627D4F28FF11FCE85DA95422" author="Lyman, T." box="[151,645,829,856]" page="146" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" year="1878">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FF11FCE85DA95422" authority="Lyman, 1878: 146" authorityName="Lyman" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,645,829,856]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FF11FCE85EB35422" bold="true" box="[151,415,829,856]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Ophiacantha cosmica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B627D4F28FE20FCE85DA95422" author="Lyman" box="[422,645,829,855]" firstAuthor="Lyman" page="146" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" pagination="65 - 168" refId="ref16006" refString="Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the " Challenger " expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 5, 65 - 168." type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman, 1878: 146</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 10 figs 251–254, 262–265, 269, 270.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296551627D4F28FF11FC505E0554EA" box="[151,297,901,927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11FC505E0554EA" blockId="15.[151,297,901,927]" box="[151,297,901,927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<figureCitation id="13082A5F627D4F28FF11FC505E0554EA" box="[151,297,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B, Ophiacantha pacifica, largest syntype (11.6 mm dd), ZMUC OPH-000399. A, dorsal aspect, B, ventral aspect. C, D, Ophiacantha pacifica (originally identified as O. cosmica by Lütken & Mortensen (1899)), Albatross Exp. stn. 3414, NHMD (unregistered), C, dorsal aspect, D, ventral aspect. E, F, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 601, NHMD-867169. E, small specimen (12.4 mm dd) with few oral papillae, F, large specimen (22.3 mm dd) with many oral papillae. G, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 599, NHMD-867198, ventral aspect, H, Ophiacantha sociabilis, Galathea II stn. 281, NHMD-867267 or NHMD-86721, ventral aspect. OPa, oral papillae sensu lato, OS, oral shield, RS, radial shield, T, tooth. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4704439/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Figure 4E–G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3296551627D4F28FF11FC185C745295" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11FC185EA95492" blockId="15.[151,389,973,999]" box="[151,389,973,999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FF11FC185EA95492" bold="true" box="[151,389,973,999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11FBC05A125302" blockId="15.[151,1437,1045,1288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C87627D4F28FF11FBC05AB1535A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687348" box="[151,1437,1045,1072]" latitude="-39.75" longitude="138.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<collectingRegion id="49F7F838627D4F28FF11FBC05E27535A" box="[151,267,1045,1071]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">TASMAN</collectingRegion>
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SEA •
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<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FEE0FBC05EC7535A" box="[358,491,1045,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FDE1FBC05DFB535A" box="[615,727,1045,1071]" degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="138.7">138°42’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FD63FBC05C6C5345" box="[741,832,1045,1072]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="4670.0">4670 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FCC8FBC05CC15345" box="[846,1005,1045,1072]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1951-12-18">18 Dec. 1951</date>
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||
; Galathea II stn.574; NHMD-867439
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C87627D4F28FF11FBEF5BF15326" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687359" box="[151,1245,1081,1108]" latitude="-45.783333" longitude="164.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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•
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||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FF2DFBEC5E035326" box="[171,303,1081,1107]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FE2CFBEC5D355326" box="[426,537,1081,1107]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="164.65">164°39’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FDA1FBEC5DAD5321" box="[551,641,1081,1108]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="4390.0">4390 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FD16FBEC5C0A5321" box="[656,806,1081,1108]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1952-01-13">13 Jan. 1952</date>
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||
; Galathea II stn. 599; NHMD-867198
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||
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C87627D4F28FB61FBEF5A125302" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687304" latitude="-45.85" longitude="164.53334" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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•
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||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FB7CFBEC5AB45326" box="[1274,1432,1081,1107]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FF11FB885FD9530D" box="[151,245,1117,1144]" degrees="45" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="-45.85">45°51’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FE87FB885E5C5302" box="[257,368,1117,1143]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="164.53334">164°32’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FEFAFB885D36530D" box="[380,538,1117,1144]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.36" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="4380.0" valueMax="4400.0" valueMin="4360.0">4360–4400 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FDA3FB885D9B530D" box="[549,695,1117,1144]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1951-01-14">14 Jan. 1951</date>
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||
; Galathea II stn. 601; Globigerous ooze; NHMD-867169.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF41FB545B6A5272" blockId="15.[151,1437,1045,1288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C87627D4F28FF41FB545D6B53B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687361" latitude="-36.116665" longitude="178.53334" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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KERMADEC TRENCH •
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FE69FB545DA553EE" box="[495,649,1153,1179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FD15FB545DDE53EE" box="[659,754,1153,1179]" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="-36.116665">36°07’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FD7AFB545C4753EE" box="[764,875,1153,1179]" degrees="178" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="178.53334">178°32’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FCF3FB545B3E53E9" box="[885,1042,1153,1180]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.285" metricValueMax="5.34" metricValueMin="5.2299999999999995" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="5285.0" valueMax="5340.0" valueMin="5230.0">5230–5340 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FB9BFB545B9C53E9" box="[1053,1200,1153,1180]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1952-02-23">23 Feb. 1952</date>
|
||
; Galathea II stn. 661; pumice in abundance; NHMD-305713
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C87627D4F28FDC9FB735C8F5396" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687307" latitude="-36.516666" longitude="178.63333" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FDE6FB705DD753CA" box="[608,763,1189,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">60 specimens</specimenCount>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FC80FB705C4953CA" box="[774,869,1189,1215]" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="-36.516666">36°31’S</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FCF7FB705CF353CA" box="[881,991,1189,1215]" degrees="178" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="178.63333">178°38’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FC6DFB705B6F53B5" box="[1003,1091,1189,1216]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="4410.0">4410 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FBC9FB705BC853B5" box="[1103,1252,1189,1216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1952-04-24">24 Apr. 1952</date>
|
||
; Galathea II stn. 663; brown sandy clay with pumice; NHMD-868292, NHMD-867168
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C87627D4F28FC2CFB1F5B6A5272" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687329" latitude="-36.566666" longitude="178.95" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
|
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•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FC3FFB1C5B785396" box="[953,1108,1225,1251]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
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;
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FBD8FB1C5B915396" box="[1118,1213,1225,1251]" degrees="36" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="-36.566666">36°34’S</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FB41FB1C5A1A5391" box="[1223,1334,1225,1252]" degrees="178" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="925" value="178.95">178°57’E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FAC7FB1C5AB45391" box="[1345,1432,1225,1252]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.54" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="4540.0">4540 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FF11FB385E01527D" box="[151,301,1261,1288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1952-02-24">24 Feb. 1952</date>
|
||
; Galathea II stn. 664; brown sandy clay with pumice; NHMD-867468.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11FA8C5E815206" blockId="15.[151,429,1369,1395]" box="[151,429,1369,1395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
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|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FF11FA8C5E815206" bold="true" box="[151,429,1369,1395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Comparative material</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11FA745C745295" blockId="15.[151,1436,1441,1504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE1F627D4F28FF11FA745FF052CE" box="[151,220,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">EAST</collectionCode>
|
||
PACIFIC OCEAN•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD53627D4F28FE4DFA745D6052CE" box="[459,588,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FD50FA775C7452CE" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" box="[726,856,1442,1468]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FD50FA775DC652C9" box="[726,746,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FD7CFA775C7452CE" box="[762,856,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FCDEFA775C7352CE" box="[856,863,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">;</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FCEEFA745CD452CE" box="[872,1016,1441,1467]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="15" seconds="00" value="34.233334">34°14’00’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D627D4F28FB80FA745B8552CE" box="[1030,1193,1441,1467]" degrees="096" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-96.46667">096°28’00’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 2232 fathoms [
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FAE7FA745F9E5295" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.085" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="4085.0">4085 m</quantity>
|
||
];
|
||
<date id="FF8D101A627D4F28FF43FA105E7652AA" box="[197,346,1477,1504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" value="1891-04-08">08 Apr. 1891</date>
|
||
; Albatross stn. 3414; NHMD (uncatalogued).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3296551627D4F36FF11F9E45B585430" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="522" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11F9E45E25513E" blockId="15.[151,265,1585,1611]" box="[151,265,1585,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FF11F9E45E25513E" bold="true" box="[151,265,1585,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA627D4F28FF11F9AC5CB050AD" blockId="15.[151,1437,1657,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">
|
||
The original material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FE2BF9AF5D0151E6" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" box="[429,557,1658,1684]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FE2BF9AF5EED51E1" box="[429,449,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FE57F9AF5D0151E6" box="[465,557,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FCC0F9AF5CEF51E6" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[838,963,1657,1684]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FCC0F9AF5C7651E1" box="[838,858,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FCEFF9AC5CEF51E6" box="[873,963,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F627D4F28FBC8F9AC5BB251E1" box="[1102,1182,1657,1684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
disc diameter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B627D4F28FACBF9AC5FFF51C2" author="Lyman" firstAuthor="Lyman" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" pagination="65 - 168" refId="ref16006" refString="Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the " Challenger " expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 5, 65 - 168." type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It had a large, blunt ventral tooth, a widened distalmost papilla and three slender pointed lateral papillae along each jaw, and additional papillae on the jaws. The number of arm spines was also higher (up to eight) and the shape of the oral shield differed. In other respects, the species are similar (see remarks with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FB4EF9335A68518A" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[1224,1348,1765,1792]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FB4EF9335BF05075" box="[1224,1244,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FB6CF9305A68518A" box="[1258,1348,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FF11F8DC5FD75056" authorityName="II Expedition" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,251,1801,1827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galathea</taxonomicName>
|
||
material, specimens from the East Pacific Ocean were originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FBF8F8DF5BD25056" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" box="[1150,1278,1802,1828]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FBF8F8DF5BBE5051" box="[1150,1170,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FB24F8DF5BD25056" box="[1186,1278,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the presence of additional papillae on the jaws. Considering molecular data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B627D4F28FC67F8F85A215032" author="Christodoulou" box="[993,1293,1837,1863]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Christodoulou" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" pagination="3909 - 3912" refId="ref15309" refString="Christodoulou, M., O'Hara, T. D., Hugall, A. F. & Arbizu, P. M. (2019) Dark Ophiuroid Biodiversity in a Prospective Abyssal Mine Field. Current Biology, 29, 3909 - 3912. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2019.09.012" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Christodoulou
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FB0AF8FB5BEB5032" box="[1164,1223,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), these were re-assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FEBBF8875E96501E" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[317,442,1873,1900]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FEBBF8875E7D5019" box="[317,337,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FEE6F8845E96501E" box="[352,442,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Likewise, specimens without additional papillae on the jaws from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F7F838627D4F28FB62F8875A175019" box="[1252,1339,1874,1900]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">Tasman</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sea and Kermadec Trench were at first identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FD17F8A35C2350FA" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[657,783,1909,1936]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FD17F8A35D8950E5" box="[657,677,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FD33F8A05C2350FA" box="[693,783,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but later re-assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FBA8F8A35B8250FA" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" box="[1070,1198,1910,1936]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FBA8F8A35B6E50E5" box="[1070,1090,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FBD4F8A35B8250FA" box="[1106,1198,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The number of oral papillae is considered a variable character without taxonomic information and the species complex can at present not be differentiated morphologically (see remarks with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D59627D4F28FC89F86B5CA750A2" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[783,907,1981,2008]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="520" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FC89F86B5C0F50AD" box="[783,803,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC8627D4F28FCB7F8685CA750A2" box="[817,907,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="520">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C665262624F37FF11F94A5ABE501E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4704439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4704439/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" startId="16.[151,250,1695,1719]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1672]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62624F37FF11F94A5ABE501E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1695,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FF11F94A5E3851C2" bold="true" box="[151,276,1695,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962624F37FEDFF9755D1B51CD" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[345,567,1696,1720]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FEDFF9755D1B51CD" box="[345,567,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Ophiacantha pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largest syntype (11.6 mm dd), ZMUC OPH-000399. A, dorsal aspect, B, ventral aspect. C, D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962624F37FE8EF9115EC851A9" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[264,484,1732,1756]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FE8EF9115EC851A9" box="[264,484,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Ophiacantha pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962624F37FD5CF9115C6051AE" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" box="[730,844,1732,1755]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FD5CF9115DC051AE" box="[730,748,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FD7FF9115C6051AE" box="[761,844,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62624F37FCF6F9115BBA51A9" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[880,1174,1732,1756]" firstAuthor="Lutken" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen (1899))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Albatross Exp. stn. 3414, NHMD (unregistered), C, dorsal aspect, D, ventral aspect. E, F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962624F37FC9AF93D5B5A518A" authority=", Galathea II" authorityName="Galathea II" box="[796,1142,1768,1792]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FC9AF93D5CD5518A" box="[796,1017,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Ophiacantha cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
, Galathea II
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stn. 601, NHMD-867169. E, small specimen (12.4 mm dd) with few oral papillae, F, large specimen (22.3 mm dd) with many oral papillae. G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962624F37FA9EF8D95E445032" authority=", Galathea II" authorityName="Galathea II" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FA9EF8D95FC65032" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Ophiacantha cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
, Galathea II
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stn. 599, NHMD-867198, ventral aspect, H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962624F37FCA9F8E55BB45032" authority=", Galathea II" authorityName="Galathea II" box="[815,1176,1840,1864]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="521" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862624F37FCA9F8E55B36503D" box="[815,1050,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="521">Ophiacantha sociabilis</emphasis>
|
||
, Galathea II
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stn. 281, NHMD-867267 or NHMD-86721, ventral aspect. OPa, oral papillae sensu lato, OS, oral shield, RS, radial shield, T, tooth. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF41FF425C905500" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,837]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
|
||
The original material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FE51FF425D7957C5" box="[471,597,151,177]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FE51FF425EC757C4" box="[471,491,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FE7FFF425D7957C5" box="[505,597,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected at geographically far apart locations (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62634F36FB1EFF425A3D57C4" box="[1176,1297,151,177]" name="Antarctica" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62634F36FA9AFF425FC757A0" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62634F36FF70FF6E5E1057A3" box="[246,316,187,214]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) at a wide depth range (652–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FD06FF6F5DF357A0" box="[640,735,186,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.931" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="3.931">3,931 m</quantity>
|
||
), but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887862634F36FCC0FF6E5C8457A0" box="[838,936,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD5362634F36FC5BFF6E5BAB57A0" box="[989,1159,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">three paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(BMNH 1882.12.23.34) originated from station
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FE2EFF085EDE5782" box="[424,498,221,248]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9878" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="in" value="157.0">157 in</quantity>
|
||
the Southern Ocean, at 1950 fathoms, (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FB8DFF085B42578D" box="[1035,1134,221,248]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.566" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="3.566">3,566 m</quantity>
|
||
). We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FA9DFF0B5AB05782" box="[1307,1436,222,248]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FA9DFF0B5A03578D" box="[1307,1327,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FAC6FF0B5AB05782" box="[1344,1436,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its allies to belong to the lower bathyal to abyssal fauna, restricted to depths below
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FBFFFED55BF5566E" box="[1145,1241,256,283]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="3.0">3,000 m</quantity>
|
||
. Specimens from tropical locations and shallower depths, included in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FD61FEF65CB65648" author="Lyman's" box="[743,922,291,317]" firstAuthor="Lyman's" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="65 - 168" refId="ref16006" refString="Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the " Challenger " expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 5, 65 - 168." type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman’s (1878)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
account, most likely belong to other species. Recent reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FEE1FE935EC4562A" box="[359,488,326,352]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FEE1FE935E575615" box="[359,379,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FE0AFE935EC4562A" box="[396,488,326,351]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62634F36FDB7FE905D59562A" box="[561,629,325,351]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FD01FE905C4C562A" author="Borges" box="[647,864,325,351]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borges" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref15213" refString="Borges, M., Monteiro, A. M. G. & Amaral, A. C. Z. (2002) Taxonomy of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the continental shelf and slope of the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica, 2, 1 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032002000200010" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Borges
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FD67FE935C30562A" box="[737,796,325,351]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are based on a misidentification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FA8CFE905E9756F7" authority="Lutken, 1869" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1869" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentacrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FA8CFE905E3756F7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Ophiacantha pentacrinus</emphasis>
|
||
Lütken, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FE43FEBD5D5256F7" author="Tommasi" box="[453,638,360,386]" firstAuthor="Tommasi" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref16739" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Os Ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes Vizinhas. Contrcoes Instituto oceanografico Univ. Sao Paulo, series oceanografico biologica, 20, 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave the depth distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FC50FEBD5B7856F7" box="[982,1108,360,387]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FC50FEBD5CC656F7" box="[982,1002,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FC7EFEBC5B7856F7" box="[1016,1108,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as 40–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FB25FEBD5A2D56F6" box="[1187,1281,360,387]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.273" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="4.273">4,273 m</quantity>
|
||
, which seems highly unlikely, since abyssal species are not known to occur at shallow depths.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FB9AFE5E5A3956D0" author="Tommasi" box="[1052,1301,395,421]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tommasi" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref16776" refString="Tommasi, L. R., Cernea, M. C. W. & Condeixa, M. C. G. (1988) Equinodermos cletados pelo N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " entre 26 ° 59 ' S e 38 ° 39 ' S. Relatorio interno do Instituto oceanografico Univ. Sao Paulo, 22, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Tommasi
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FB0DFE5E5BE856D0" box="[1163,1220,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1988)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FA07FE5E5FDF56B2" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FA07FE5E5AB956D0" box="[1409,1429,395,421]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FF11FE7B5FDF56B2" box="[151,243,430,455]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FEBCFE785E9656BD" box="[314,442,429,456]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="440.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="400.0">400–480 m</quantity>
|
||
depth in the Southwest Atlantic, which suggests that the specimens were misidentified. A record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FE98FE055EB0569F" box="[286,412,464,491]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FE98FE055E1E569F" box="[286,306,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FEC6FE045EB0569F" box="[320,412,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from off Martha’s Vineyard (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FD60FE055C4A569F" author="Clark" box="[742,870,464,490]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref15370" refString="Clark, H. L. (1939) Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports from the John Murray Exp. 1933 - 34 6, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1939">Clark 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may represent the Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FB25FE055E0B5578" authority="Verrill, 1885" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1885" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FB25FE055AB0569F" box="[1187,1436,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Ophiacantha aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
Verrill, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FE16FE265D335578" author="Clark" box="[400,543,499,525]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref15370" refString="Clark, H. L. (1939) Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports from the John Murray Exp. 1933 - 34 6, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1939">Clark (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had synonymised both species, a decision that was not followed by later authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FF19FDC05E6A5545" author="Paterson" box="[159,326,533,560]" firstAuthor="Paterson" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref16471" refString="Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1985">Paterson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FE71FDC35D815545" author="Paterson" box="[503,685,533,560]" firstAuthor="Paterson" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref16471" refString="Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1985">Paterson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FD3DFDC35C13555A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1885" box="[699,831,533,560]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FD3DFDC35DE35545" box="[699,719,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FD59FDC05C13555A" box="[735,831,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller (to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FC61FDC05B145545" box="[999,1080,533,560]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
dd) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FB2EFDC35A04555A" box="[1192,1320,534,560]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FB2EFDC35B905545" box="[1192,1212,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FB4AFDC35A04555A" box="[1228,1320,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has a depressed oral shield and a wider distal oral papilla than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FC8AFDED5CA55527" box="[780,905,568,595]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FC8AFDED5C0C5527" box="[780,800,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FCABFDEC5CA55527" box="[813,905,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Consequently, the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FA85FDED5AAC5527" box="[1283,1408,568,595]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FA85FDED5A3B5527" box="[1283,1303,568,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FAA2FDEC5AAC5527" box="[1316,1408,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the North/Central Atlantic is doubtful, as no reliable records are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF41FDAB5B585430" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,837]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
|
||
A specimen labelled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FE56FDAB5D6255E2" box="[464,590,638,664]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FE56FDAB5EC855ED" box="[464,484,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FE74FDAB5D6255E2" box="[498,590,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Albatross expedition, mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FBDEFDA85ABB55E2" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[1112,1431,637,664]" firstAuthor="Lutken" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has a disc diameter of 13.9 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A5F62634F36FD8CFD755DA855CE" box="[522,644,672,699]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B, Ophiacantha pacifica, largest syntype (11.6 mm dd), ZMUC OPH-000399. A, dorsal aspect, B, ventral aspect. C, D, Ophiacantha pacifica (originally identified as O. cosmica by Lütken & Mortensen (1899)), Albatross Exp. stn. 3414, NHMD (unregistered), C, dorsal aspect, D, ventral aspect. E, F, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 601, NHMD-867169. E, small specimen (12.4 mm dd) with few oral papillae, F, large specimen (22.3 mm dd) with many oral papillae. G, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 599, NHMD-867198, ventral aspect, H, Ophiacantha sociabilis, Galathea II stn. 281, NHMD-867267 or NHMD-86721, ventral aspect. OPa, oral papillae sensu lato, OS, oral shield, RS, radial shield, T, tooth. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4704439/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and agrees with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FCCBFD755CE655CF" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[845,970,672,699]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FCCBFD755C4D55CF" box="[845,865,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FCF6FD755CE655CF" box="[880,970,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in most respects, but there are additional lateral oral papillae (also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FD9FFD165C4D55A8" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[537,865,707,733]" firstAuthor="Lutken" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen (1899))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, crowding in a second row along the jaw edges, six or seven papillae in total, the distalmost not widened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A5F62634F36FD6AFD305C6A558A" box="[748,838,741,767]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B, Ophiacantha pacifica, largest syntype (11.6 mm dd), ZMUC OPH-000399. A, dorsal aspect, B, ventral aspect. C, D, Ophiacantha pacifica (originally identified as O. cosmica by Lütken & Mortensen (1899)), Albatross Exp. stn. 3414, NHMD (unregistered), C, dorsal aspect, D, ventral aspect. E, F, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 601, NHMD-867169. E, small specimen (12.4 mm dd) with few oral papillae, F, large specimen (22.3 mm dd) with many oral papillae. G, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 599, NHMD-867198, ventral aspect, H, Ophiacantha sociabilis, Galathea II stn. 281, NHMD-867267 or NHMD-86721, ventral aspect. OPa, oral papillae sensu lato, OS, oral shield, RS, radial shield, T, tooth. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4704439/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventralmost tooth is as large as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FB79FD335A56558A" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[1279,1402,741,768]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FB79FD335A3F5475" box="[1279,1299,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FAA6FD305A56558A" box="[1312,1402,741,767]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on two jaws but on three jaws, there is a slender tooth or tooth papilla, ventral to the wide teeth. This specimen should be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FEBBFCFE5E955430" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[317,441,811,837]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FEBBFCFE5E7D5430" box="[317,337,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FED9FCFE5E955430" box="[351,441,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on its geographic origin (see remarks with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FC61FCFE5B4F5430" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[999,1123,811,837]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FC61FCFE5CD75430" box="[999,1019,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FB8FFCFE5B4F5430" box="[1033,1123,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |