332 lines
38 KiB
XML
332 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="3A0C03706CB9E00B3E40EFC0C4D0AA23" ID-CLB-Dataset="7081" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dab0d02-d6ed-45ef-8589-5cb984fec302" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4704429" ID-ZooBank="341ED174-5781-4C37-8D0C-8045C90FA369" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618907051145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stöhr, Sabine & O’Hara, Timothy D." docDate="2021" docId="039A87CC62634F35FF11F9BF5D7C5083" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ophiacantha pacifica Lutken & Mortensen 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="523" masterDocId="FFA3FFB462724F27FF86FFD55F2C5775" masterDocTitle="Deep-sea Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Danish Galathea II Expedition 1950 - 52, with taxonomic revisions" masterLastPageNumber="529" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="522" updateTime="1698938916263" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="42CE8F873E3CB3494B29F56B1014BF9A">Deep-sea Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Danish Galathea II Expedition 1950 - 52, with taxonomic revisions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C325DCBA02C3A57803C808F283178D91">Stöhr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E768A4B8714C03792C3DCF21E262D090">O’Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E9928ACFE20307C1300A25620CD4AB1">Museums Victoria, Sciences, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039A87CC62634F35FF11F9BF5D7C5083" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4740572" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212429036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4740572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CC62634F35FF11F9BF5D7C5083" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87CC62634F35FF11F9BF5D7C5083" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<subSubSection id="C329655162634F36FF11F9BF5BD751F1" box="[151,1275,1642,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF11F9BF5BD751F1" blockId="17.[151,1275,1642,1669]" box="[151,1275,1642,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<heading id="D0C481B662634F36FF11F9BF5BD751F1" bold="true" box="[151,1275,1642,1669]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2311F462634F36FF11F9BF5BD751F1" box="[151,1275,1642,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FF11F9BF5BD751F1" bold="true" box="[151,1275,1642,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9210CB62634F36FF11F9BF5C5C51F1" author="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th." box="[151,880,1642,1669]" page="167" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FF11F9BF5C5C51F1" authority="Lutken & Mortensen, 1899: 166 - 167" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="166 - 167" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,880,1642,1669]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FF11F9BF5EB151F1" bold="true" box="[151,413,1642,1669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Ophiacantha pacifica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62634F36FE22F9BE5C5C51F1" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[420,880,1642,1669]" firstAuthor="Lutken" page="166 - 167" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen, 1899: 166–167</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. XV figs 4–6, pl. XVI fig. 11.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329655162634F36FF11F9645C7751B9" box="[151,859,1713,1740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF11F9645C7751B9" blockId="17.[151,859,1713,1740]" box="[151,859,1713,1740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962634F36FF2DF9645D8A51BE" authority="H. L. Clark, 1911: 233" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="233" authorityYear="1911" box="[171,678,1713,1740]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathybia">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FF2DF9645E8A51BE" box="[171,422,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Ophiacantha bathybia</emphasis>
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H.L. Clark, 1911: 233
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</taxonomicName>
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. (not examined)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C329655162634F36FF11F92D5E005067" box="[151,300,1784,1810]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF11F92D5E005067" blockId="17.[151,300,1784,1810]" box="[151,300,1784,1810]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<figureCitation id="13082A5F62634F36FF11F92D5E005067" box="[151,300,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[151,1435,181,1672]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B, Ophiacantha pacifica, largest syntype (11.6 mm dd), ZMUC OPH-000399. A, dorsal aspect, B, ventral aspect. C, D, Ophiacantha pacifica (originally identified as O. cosmica by Lütken & Mortensen (1899)), Albatross Exp. stn. 3414, NHMD (unregistered), C, dorsal aspect, D, ventral aspect. E, F, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 601, NHMD-867169. E, small specimen (12.4 mm dd) with few oral papillae, F, large specimen (22.3 mm dd) with many oral papillae. G, Ophiacantha cosmica, Galathea II stn. 599, NHMD-867198, ventral aspect, H, Ophiacantha sociabilis, Galathea II stn. 281, NHMD-867267 or NHMD-86721, ventral aspect. OPa, oral papillae sensu lato, OS, oral shield, RS, radial shield, T, tooth. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4704439/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Figure 4A–D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C329655162634F35FF11F8ED5FF454FF" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="523" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF11F8ED5EA95027" blockId="17.[151,389,1848,1874]" box="[151,389,1848,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862634F36FF11F8ED5EA95027" bold="true" box="[151,389,1848,1874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF11F8AD5B0B50C0" blockId="17.[151,1437,1912,2043]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C8762634F36FF11F8AD5B0B50C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687349" latitude="9.383333" longitude="-89.53333" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<collectionCode id="ED22AE1F62634F36FF11F8AD5FF050E7" box="[151,220,1912,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">EAST</collectionCode>
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PACIFIC OCEAN •
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||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD5362634F36FE48F8AD5D4650E7" box="[462,618,1912,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
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; off
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<collectingCountry id="F324764A62634F36FD18F8AD5C3950E7" box="[670,789,1912,1938]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D62634F36FCA7F8AD5CAF50E7" box="[801,899,1912,1938]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" precision="925" value="9.383333">09°23’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D62634F36FC16F8AD5B2B50E7" box="[912,1031,1912,1938]" degrees="089" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" precision="925" value="-89.53333">089°32’W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FB95F8AD5B4050E6" box="[1043,1132,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="3570.0">3570 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A62634F36FBFEF8AD5A3E50E6" box="[1144,1298,1912,1939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" value="1952-05-06">06 May 1952</date>
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; Galathea II stn. 716; dark, muddish, clay; NHMD-867403, NHMD-867167, NHMD-867470.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62634F36FF41F8685EDD508E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1912,2043]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C8762634F36FF41F8685EDD508E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687321" latitude="5.8166666" longitude="-78.86667" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">
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GULF OF
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<collectingCountry id="F324764A62634F36FEC3F86B5E9650AD" box="[325,442,1982,2008]" name="Panama" pageId="17" pageNumber="522">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D35FD5362634F36FE53F8685D4F50A2" box="[469,611,1981,2007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D62634F36FDF6F8685DFF50AD" box="[624,723,1981,2008]" degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" precision="925" value="5.8166666">05°49’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D62634F36FD66F8685C7B50AD" box="[736,855,1981,2008]" degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" precision="925" value="-78.86667">078°52’W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62634F36FCE2F8685B2F50AD" box="[868,1027,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" metricValueMax="3.67" metricValueMin="3.27" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" unit="m" value="3470.0" valueMax="3670.0" valueMin="3270.0">3270–3670 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="FF8D101A62634F36FB96F8685B8A50AD" box="[1040,1190,1981,2008]" pageId="17" pageNumber="522" value="1952-10-11">11 Oct. 1952</date>
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; Galathea II stn. 726; clay; NHMD-305702, 305712.
|
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FF425E8157C4" blockId="18.[151,429,151,177]" box="[151,429,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
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<heading id="D0C481B662604F35FF11FF425E8157C4" bold="true" box="[151,429,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF11FF425E8157C4" bold="true" box="[151,429,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Comparative material</emphasis>
|
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FF085CC3566C" blockId="18.[151,1436,220,282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C8762604F35FF11FF085CC6566C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4173687341" latitude="1.1166667" longitude="-80.35" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
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<collectionCode id="ED22AE1F62604F35FF11FF085FF05782" box="[151,220,221,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">EAST</collectionCode>
|
||
PACIFIC OCEAN •
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||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD5362604F35FE53FF085DEE5783" box="[469,706,220,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">3 syntype specimens</specimenCount>
|
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of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FD6AFF085C415782" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[748,877,221,247]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FD6AFF085C2C5782" box="[748,768,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FC96FF085C415782" box="[784,877,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FCEBFF085C585782" box="[877,884,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">;</emphasis>
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||
off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62604F35FC21FF095B245783" box="[935,1032,220,246]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D62604F35FB93FF085B895782" box="[1045,1189,221,247]" degrees="01" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" precision="15" seconds="00" value="1.1166667">01°07’00’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE07501D62604F35FB35FF085A7B5782" box="[1203,1367,221,247]" degrees="080" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-80.35">080°21’00’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1573 fathoms [
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62604F35FF79FF2A5E70566C" box="[255,348,254,281]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.879" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="2879.0">2879 m</quantity>
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];
|
||
<date id="FF8D101A62604F35FEE9FF2A5D24566C" box="[367,520,255,282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" value="1891-03-23">23 Mar. 1891</date>
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||
; Albatross stn. 3398; ZMUC OPH-000399
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FEB25E6A56F4" blockId="18.[151,326,359,385]" box="[151,326,359,385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
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<heading id="D0C481B662604F35FF11FEB25E6A56F4" bold="true" box="[151,326,359,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF11FEB25E6A56F4" bold="true" box="[151,326,359,385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
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<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FF11FEB25FF856F4" box="[151,212,359,385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FE795FF454FF" blockId="18.[151,1437,428,906]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
The largest
|
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<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FE9BFE785E5856B2" box="[285,372,429,455]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FE1BFE785D3656B2" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[413,538,429,455]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FE1BFE785E9D56B2" box="[413,433,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FE46FE785D3656B2" box="[448,538,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a disc diameter of 11.6 mm. The dorsal disc is densely covered by slender multipointed thorns, obscuring the scales. The radial shields are visible as narrow bar-like ribs underneath the disc covering, about 2/3 as long as the disc radius. The up to six long slender arm spines decrease in size ventralwards, the dorsalmost spine is as long as two arm segments. The dorsal arm plates are bell-shaped, about 1.5 times as wide as long, the distal edge is wave-like curved, consecutive plates are widely separated by the lateral arm plates. The ventral disc is covered by shorter multifid spines. The ventralmost tooth is large, almost as wide as long, with straight proximal edge. The three lateral oral papillae are pointed, tapering, the distalmost one scale-like widened at its base, twice as wide as the other two and somewhat shorter. The oral shield is lozenge-shaped, twice as wide as long, bordered by narrow adoral shields that reach wing-like around the oral shield, separating it from the arms. The ventral arm plates are pentagonal, as wide as long, with acute proximal angle, straight distal edge. The smallest
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FF11FCDD5FDD5457" box="[151,241,776,802]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with 7.9 mm disc diameter, agrees in most characters with the largest one, but the oral shield is proximally elongated to a point and there are four pointed lateral oral papillae on several jaw edges, in addition to the wide scale-like distalmost papilla. The third
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FDD6FC985D865412" box="[592,682,845,871]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with 10.3 mm disc diameter, is similar to the largest one in all aspects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329655162604F35FF11FC025DD55391" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FC025EBC5484" blockId="18.[151,400,983,1009]" box="[151,400,983,1009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<heading id="D0C481B662604F35FF11FC025EBC5484" bold="true" box="[151,400,983,1009]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF11FC025EBC5484" bold="true" box="[151,400,983,1009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FF11FC025E255484" authorityName="II Expedition" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,265,983,1009]" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galathea</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FBC85DD55391" blockId="18.[151,1437,1052,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FE98FBC95EAE5343" authorityName="II Expedition" authorityYear="1950" box="[286,386,1052,1078]" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galathea</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FDA3FBC95D9B5343" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[549,695,1052,1078]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FDA3FBC95D9B5343" box="[549,695,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found several that agreed morphologically with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FABCFBC85AB05342" box="[1338,1436,1053,1079]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FF31FB955E18532C" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[183,308,1087,1114]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF31FB955FE7532F" box="[183,203,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF5CFBEA5E18532C" box="[218,308,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(table 2). The largest of these had a disc diameter of 16.5 mm. In larger specimens (up to 22.3 mm disc diameter), the dorsal disc and arms concur with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FD77FBB75C425309" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[753,878,1122,1148]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FD77FBB75C295309" box="[753,773,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FC92FBB75C425309" box="[788,878,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the number of oral papillae varies, with few or many additional ones crowding along the edges and sometimes as a cluster on the jaws, which is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FF11FB7D5E3953B4" box="[151,277,1192,1218]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF11FB7D5F8753B7" box="[151,171,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF3FFB7D5E3953B4" box="[185,277,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above). They usually have large ventralmost teeth, but narrower and slightly pointed ones in some specimens, not correlated with the number of papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329655162604F35FF11FAF85D7C5083" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FAF85E255232" blockId="18.[151,265,1325,1351]" box="[151,265,1325,1351]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF11FAF85E255232" bold="true" box="[151,265,1325,1351]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF11FAB95AA1510F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1388,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FF4CFAB85E0052F2" box="[202,300,1389,1415]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FED7FAB85EE152F2" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[337,461,1389,1415]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FED7FAB85E4952F2" box="[337,357,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FEF5FAB85EE152F2" box="[371,461,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concur well with the illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62604F35FCEEFAB95B8B52F2" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[872,1191,1388,1415]" firstAuthor="Lutken" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Particularly the large ventral tooth is a striking character, mentioned also in the description. The size of the largest
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488887862604F35FB1EFA455BC352DF" box="[1176,1263,1424,1450]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
agrees with the largest size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B3F62604F35FEA4FA675E5E52B9" box="[290,370,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
) given in the original description, apart from the longest spines being hardly over two segments long, not as long as three segments as stated in the description. The type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FBC2FA005BEC529A" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[1092,1216,1493,1519]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FBC2FA005B74529A" box="[1092,1112,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FBE0FA005BEC529A" box="[1126,1216,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62604F35FF11FA225FD85164" box="[151,244,1527,1553]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62604F35FE84FA225D1D5164" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[258,561,1527,1554]" firstAuthor="Lutken" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FDC2FA225C125164" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[580,830,1527,1553]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathybia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FDC2FA225C125164" box="[580,830,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ophiacantha bathybia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Bering Sea shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FB37FA2D5A015164" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[1201,1325,1527,1554]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB37FA2D5BE95167" box="[1201,1221,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB55FA225A015164" box="[1235,1325,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the shape of the oral shield, the 3–4 oral papillae, of which the distalmost is wider, the shape of the disc spines, the number and length of the arm spines (up to three segments), and cannot be separated morphologically. It is currently unclear if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FF29F9B55E18510C" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[175,308,1631,1658]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathybia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF29F9B55FEF510F" box="[175,195,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF54F98A5E18510C" box="[210,308,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">bathybia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FDD4F9B55DE3510C" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[594,719,1631,1658]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FDD4F9B55D4A510F" box="[594,614,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FDF3F98A5DE3510C" box="[629,719,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because molecular data are not available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FB57F9B55A79510C" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[1233,1365,1631,1658]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bathybia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB57F9B55BC9510F" box="[1233,1253,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB75F98A5A79510C" box="[1267,1365,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">bathybia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, yet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF41F9575D5D5019" blockId="18.[151,1437,1388,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62604F35FF41F9575D2551E9" author="Lutken & Mortensen" box="[199,521,1666,1692]" firstAuthor="Lutken" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="93 - 208" refId="ref15893" refString="Lutken, C. F. & Mortensen, Th. (1899) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XXV. The Ophiuridae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 23, 93 - 208., pls. 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65637" type="journal article" year="1899">Lütken & Mortensen (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not consider the similarities between their new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FB6FF9575A4551E9" box="[1257,1385,1666,1692]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB6FF9575BD151E9" box="[1257,1277,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FA8BF9565A4551E9" box="[1293,1385,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite figuring both. With increasing size, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FD0DF9715DC351CB" authorityName="II Expedition" authorityYear="1950" box="[651,751,1700,1726]" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galathea</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens transit from the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FBF0F9705BDE51CA" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[1142,1266,1701,1727]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FBF0F9705BA651CA" box="[1142,1162,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB1EF9705BDE51CA" box="[1176,1266,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotype to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FF47F91D5E6D5194" box="[193,321,1736,1762]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF47F91D5FF95197" box="[193,213,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FF63F91D5E6D5194" box="[229,321,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology with increasing numbers of oral papillae. The shape of the oral shield and the ventral tooth varies somewhat. We saw no geographic separation in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FCEEF93F5CE05071" authorityName="II Expedition" authorityYear="1950" box="[872,972,1770,1796]" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galathea</taxonomicName>
|
||
data, possibly due to the difficulties with morphological separation of the species. Molecular data suggest a Northern/Central Pacific clade and a Southern Pacific/Antarctic clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2B62604F35FE2AF8FA5DF5503C" author="Christodoulou" box="[428,729,1839,1865]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Christodoulou" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" pagination="3909 - 3912" refId="ref15309" refString="Christodoulou, M., O'Hara, T. D., Hugall, A. F. & Arbizu, P. M. (2019) Dark Ophiuroid Biodiversity in a Prospective Abyssal Mine Field. Current Biology, 29, 3909 - 3912. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cub. 2019.09.012" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Christodoulou
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FDDEF8E55DBF503C" box="[600,659,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), based on four DNA samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FBE2F8FA5A70503C" box="[1124,1372,1839,1865]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FBE2F8FA5A70503C" box="[1124,1372,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Ophiacantha cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62604F35FF11F8875E2D5019" box="[151,257,1874,1900]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F324764A62604F35FE8CF8875E535019" box="[266,383,1874,1900]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36DA62604F35FF41F8A05D7C5083" blockId="18.[151,1437,1388,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">
|
||
We propose to apply the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FD9CF8A05DB950FA" authorityName="Lutken & Mortensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[538,661,1909,1935]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FD9CF8A05D0250FA" box="[538,558,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FDBDF8A05DB950FA" box="[571,661,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Northern/Central/East Pacific population and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5962604F35FB5AF8A05A7550FB" box="[1244,1369,1909,1935]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="523" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cosmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB5AF8A05BDC50FA" box="[1244,1264,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC862604F35FB7BF8A05A7550FB" box="[1277,1369,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="523">cosmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Southern Pacific/Antarctic/South Atlantic. More molecular data are needed to understand the boundaries between these species. To understand intraspecific and interspecific morphological differences, more material from a wide range of locations should be compared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |