698 lines
94 KiB
XML
698 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="0AE849259DADFF3696609C4BF3B7BE31" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11084543" ID-ZooBank="E0FDD64D-EA99-4AA9-A7E1-3EB074B3A0F0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1714390329641" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ditty, James G., Malca, Estrella & Vásquez-Yeomans, Lourdes" docDate="2024" docId="039A87C4FFC63D4ED3CCA5E1FB4AFA6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5446.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5446 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pterois volitans" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFA3FFBCFFC13D45D35BA53EFFD4FFAB" masterDocTitle="The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1715176618658" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="26F6538F93ECA8FC3DD253E5585422E9">The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD7F3059E3632B9E890B1842B7C6D24A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D32B85D8BA4FF9609383E8C419E51FC4">Ditty, James G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6ABFDCCA39F52C94AEE6259F0674F3D9">American Southwest Ichthyological Researchers (ASIR), 800 Encino Place NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102 - 2606, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="9B7A4FF66D6C98F0ABFEF87F303E2581" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D0B83CEA322B067E37ADFAE5538B54B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FC2A4A676D5E33509AB19E49EC27E948">Malca, Estrella</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="42A1640AE60B991EC8FA0A3986B401E2">Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami, Florida, USA. & Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6271984B4059217F516225F9AA672A78">Vásquez-Yeomans, Lourdes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9591CD9AF04A465D7B42F17A29085495">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Av. Centenario Km 5.5, CP 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6A7FB2FCF86AF9E7DF7C63BBC85F24A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E313CD13051AFB173EDB9DD77006A21B">
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<mods:date id="29467E0A02CC76AE203426655A966379">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB90EAA74AF157CFCED5840D173BFD27">2024-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="18B7165DAADE7AE137D6EF72595D9074">5446</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CDCBE6E0427F90C3932F3562186FD5E8">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AE6EDE92550BABAEEB5444D44CB8E756">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="15459E2E58BBB9C1D6A91DD1862FA4E9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EDB6318344C1F6EFEB6BA1F16886FB80" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E20EEC8AB4FE111130694A09BD5962A1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3296559FFC63D42D3CCA5E1FD8BFF52" box="[151,607,223,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC63D42D3CCA5E1FD8BFF52" blockId="7.[151,607,223,250]" box="[151,607,223,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0C481BEFFC63D42D3CCA5E1FD8BFF52" bold="true" box="[151,607,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D3CCA5E1FD8BFF52" bold="true" box="[151,607,223,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC63D42D3CCA5E1FE86FF51" ID-CoL="4PWVH" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" box="[151,338,223,250]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D3CCA5E1FE86FF51" bold="true" box="[151,338,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: general morphology
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3296559FFC63D4ED3CCA416FB4AFA6A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC63D42D3CCA416FEDBFD2D" blockId="7.[151,1437,295,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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We measured
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nine
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC63D42D237A416FE50FEE9" box="[364,388,296,322]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D237A416FEA9FEEA" box="[364,381,296,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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</specimenCount>
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D2D0A419FE30FEEA" box="[395,484,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">volitans</emphasis>
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larvae from
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<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFC63D42D128A419FCDCFEE9" box="[627,776,295,322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="12.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="7.7" valueMax="12.9" valueMin="2.5">2.5–12.9 mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D04DA419FC56FEEA" box="[790,898,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2a–g</figureCitation>
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) and examined others as supplemental material. Smallest preflexion larva characterized by precocious pectoral fins, deep base, elongate rays. Gut with single loop or “twist” (
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<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D24EA451FEB2FE22" box="[277,358,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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), and terminates slightly beyond mid-body; hindgut becomes rugose in early postflexion larvae. Flexion larvae with tips of longest developing pectoral rays to or beyond posterior margin of dorsal-fin base; by early postflexion, these rays extend to about terminal margin of caudal peduncle (CP) or beyond, if unbroken. Flexion larvae with pronounced “hump” in snout dorsal profile created by elevation of rostral cartilage (i.e., ascending process of premaxilla). Head deep, angle of lower jaw pronounced; snout typically 10–15% shorter than OD; CP shortens, deepens as notochord flexes. Upper jaw terminates near mid-orbit; maxilla deepens near terminal margin, its maximum depth>55% OD. CP depth nearly equal to its length in postflexion and transforming larvae (
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<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC63D42D662A779FA5BFDCA" box="[1337,1423,583,609]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[145,237,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm P. volitans larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Seven
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<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFC63D42D3B8A752FEDCFD2D" box="[227,264,620,646]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BR</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC63D42D3CCA7E9FEEBFD5A" blockId="7.[151,319,727,753]" box="[151,319,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0C481BEFFC63D42D3CCA7E9FEEBFD5A" bold="true" box="[151,319,727,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D3CCA7E9FEEBFD5A" bold="true" box="[151,319,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pigmentation</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC63D42D3CCA621FBA1FBD6" blockId="7.[151,1437,799,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Pigmentation sparse in all larvae examined (
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<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D1F1A621FCC9FC92" box="[682,797,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2a–e</figureCitation>
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). Internally, head with melanophore between lobes of midbrain in smallest larva, and on dorsoposterior surface of hindbrain and brainstem by 3.0 mm. Flexion larvae add pigment to ventrolateral surface of each lobe of hindbrain (otic region), which together with midbrain pigment forms “triangular” pattern when viewed downward from top of head (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B23FFC63D42D0C7A6B5FB55FC0E" author="Kitchens, L. L. & Paris, C. B. & Vaz, A. C. & Ditty, J. G. & Cornic, M. & Cowan, J. H. Jr. & Rooker, J. R." box="[924,1153,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1971 - 1979" refId="ref28721" refString="Kitchens, L. L., Paris, C. B., Vaz, A. C., Ditty, J. G., Cornic, M., Cowan, J. H. Jr. & Rooker, J. R. (2017) Occurrence of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) larvae in the northern Gulf of Mexico: characterization of dispersal pathways and spawning areas. Biological Invasions, 19 (7), 1971 - 1979. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 017 - 1417 - 1" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Kitchens
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D75CA6B2FBEBFC0E" box="[1031,1087,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 3). Early postflexion larvae (~5.0 mm) with series of subsurface melanophores across dorsoposterior margin of midbrain, and dorsal and lateral surfaces of hindbrain and brainstem; this pigment gradually obscured by cranial ossification and thickening musculature in early transformers (~10.0 mm). Behind head, pigment on dorsoposterior margin of hindgut near anus in smallest larva (
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<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D206A125FE79FB9E" box="[349,429,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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) becomes more conspicuous in flexion larvae. Dorsal surface of visceral mass along body wall lightly pigmented at all sizes; dorsal surface of gas bladder unpigmented until early postflexion. All internal pigment gradually obscured by thickening abdominal musculature in early transformers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC63D42D39CA1B9FAC3F8E6" blockId="7.[151,1437,799,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Externally, pigment concentrated along body midlines. Pigmentation in preflexion larvae varies from opposing dorsal and ventral blotches to narrow longitudinal swath located along posterior third of body margins; lateral midline with one to three “dash-like” melanophores (
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<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D1ACA1F1FC9EFB42" box="[759,842,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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). Flexion larvae with pigment typically restricted to narrow longitudinal swath about 4–5 epimeres wide near posterior margin of developing dorsal-fin base; another swath about 2–3 hypomeres wide near posterior margin of developing anal-fin base; and mid-lateral series of 3–5 “dash-like” pigments along CP. One of two flexion larvae with small pair of melanophores embedded in ventral midline of CP anterior to developing hypural elements; a single melanophore embedded between upper and lower hypural plates, and pigment scattered over lower plate (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B23FFC63D42D078A0BDFBC2FA36" author="Kitchens, L. L. & Paris, C. B. & Vaz, A. C. & Ditty, J. G. & Cornic, M. & Cowan, J. H. Jr. & Rooker, J. R." box="[803,1046,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1971 - 1979" refId="ref28721" refString="Kitchens, L. L., Paris, C. B., Vaz, A. C., Ditty, J. G., Cornic, M., Cowan, J. H. Jr. & Rooker, J. R. (2017) Occurrence of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) larvae in the northern Gulf of Mexico: characterization of dispersal pathways and spawning areas. Biological Invasions, 19 (7), 1971 - 1979. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 017 - 1417 - 1" type="journal article" year="2017">
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||
Kitchens
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<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC63D42D0C8A0BAFC04FA36" box="[915,976,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 3); pigment lacking at these locations in postflexion larvae. Swath of pigment along body margin and posterior half of soft dorsal-fin base, and above posterior third of anal-fin base, extends onto adjacent 1–2 myomeres of CP in postflexion larvae. By 6.0 mm, series of 3–4 melanophores added near mid-base of developing spinous dorsal fin, these pigments on pterygiophores 9 through
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<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFC63D42D21EA32DFE4EF985" box="[325,410,1555,1582]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
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larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D2BEA32DFDE2F986" box="[485,566,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pigmentation unchanged to slightly reduced along dorsal, lateral, and ventral body thereafter until early transformation. During that period, pigment typically restricted to narrow “dash-like” series of melanophores below soft dorsal-fin base and along margin of adjacent epimeres, 0–3 melanophores along lateral midline of CP, and along last 3–4 pterygiophores of anal-fin base. Early transformers add pair of enlarged melanophores to dorsal surface of head between parietal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC63D42D03CA39DFC62F916" box="[871,950,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
|
||
); single melanophore to small cluster along dorsal rim of premaxilla; and single to short series of melanophores along dorsal midline near mid-CP. Pigment along anal-fin base typically reduced to one or two melanophores, often large, on lateral surface of penultimate and antepenultimate pterygiophores. Largest transformer (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFC63D42D1AFA231FC8EF882" box="[756,858,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) adds enlarged melanophore or blotch to surface of head (midbrain region), and small cluster to snout between anteroventral margin of orbit and upper lip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C665AFFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FC0EFDFB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[145,237,458,484]" targetBox="[156,2003,612,1579]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FC0EFDFB" blockId="8.[145,2031,458,592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FEDDFE4F" bold="true" box="[145,265,458,484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD24AA4F4FE6DFE4F" box="[273,441,458,484]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD24AA4F4FE6DFE4F" box="[273,441,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD293A4F4FD67FE4F" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[456,691,458,484]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD293A4F4FD67FE4F" box="[456,691,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dendrochirus barberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD1ABA4F4FCA9FE4F" authorityName="Matsunuma, Motomura & Bogorodsky" authorityYear="2017" box="[752,893,458,484]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD1ABA4F4FCD7FE4F" box="[752,771,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD04AA4F4FCA9FE4F" box="[785,893,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">hemprichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD39AA708FEE6FDFB" box="[193,306,566,592]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD39AA708FF05FDFB" box="[193,209,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD385A708FEE6FDFB" box="[222,306,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD2D2A75AF8BDF980" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<table id="F933C472FFC9C2BAD3C7A75AF807F980" box="[156,2003,612,1579]" gridcols="6" gridrows="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A75AF807FD00" box="[156,2003,612,683]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A75AFD5AFD00" box="[156,654,612,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD2D2A75AFDB1FD00" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Character (expressed as designated ratio)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA75AFA9BFD00" box="[945,1359,612,683]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD08CA745FBADFD3F" box="[983,1145,635,660]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD08CA745FBADFD3F" bold="true" box="[983,1145,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA75AF94DFD00" box="[1408,1689,612,683]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD6C0A745F9AAFD3F" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1435,1662,635,660]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD6C0A745F9AAFD3F" bold="true" box="[1435,1662,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dendrochirus barberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA75AF807FD00" box="[1745,2003,612,683]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC93D4DD58AA745F807FD3F" authority="Preflexion" box="[1745,2003,635,660]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD58AA745F807FD3F" bold="true" box="[1745,2003,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dendrochirus hemprichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A7F9F807FD4B" box="[156,2003,711,736]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A7F9FCACFD4B" box="[777,888,711,736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD052A7F9FCACFD4B" bold="true" box="[777,888,711,736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Preflexion</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA7F9FBD2FD4B" box="[945,1030,711,736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD0EFA7F9FBD0FD4B" bold="true" box="[948,1028,711,736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Flexion</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA7F9FA9BFD4B" box="[1078,1359,711,736]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD76DA7F9FA9BFD4B" bold="true" box="[1078,1359,711,736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Postflexion/ Transformers</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA7F9F94DFD4B" box="[1408,1689,711,736]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD6DBA7F9F94DFD4B" bold="true" box="[1408,1689,711,736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Postflexion/ Transformers</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA7F9F807FD4B" box="[1745,2003,711,736]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD47EA7F9F8ABFD4B" bold="true" box="[1829,1919,711,736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Juvenile</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A7CBF807FCA5" box="[156,2003,757,782]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A7CBFD5AFCA5" box="[156,654,757,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Number of specimens</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A7CBFCACFCA5" box="[777,888,757,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA7CBFBD2FCA5" box="[945,1030,757,782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA7CBFA9BFCA5" box="[1078,1359,757,782]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA7CBF94DFCA5" box="[1408,1689,757,782]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA7CBF807FCA5" box="[1745,2003,757,782]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A61AF807FC96" box="[156,2003,804,829]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A61AFD5AFC96" box="[156,654,804,829]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Standard length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A61AFCACFC96" box="[777,888,804,829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA61AFBD2FC96" box="[945,1030,804,829]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.6–3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA61AFA9BFC96" box="[1078,1359,804,829]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5.9–12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA61AF94DFC96" box="[1408,1689,804,829]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8.6–14.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA61AF807FC96" box="[1745,2003,804,829]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A676F807FCCA" box="[156,2003,840,865]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A676FD5AFCCA" box="[156,654,840,865]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head length (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A676FCACFCCA" box="[777,888,840,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA676FBD2FCCA" box="[945,1030,840,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">38–43%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA676FA9BFCCA" box="[1078,1359,840,865]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32 (31–33%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA676F94DFCCA" box="[1408,1689,840,865]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32 (29–35%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA676F807FCCA" box="[1745,2003,840,865]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">38%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A652F807FC2E" box="[156,2003,876,901]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A652FD5AFC2E" box="[156,654,876,901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Orbit diameter (% HL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A652FCACFC2E" box="[777,888,876,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA652FBD2FC2E" box="[945,1030,876,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">31–33%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA652FA9BFC2E" box="[1078,1359,876,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34 (30–36%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA652F94DFC2E" box="[1408,1689,876,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">37 (33–40%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA652F807FC2E" box="[1745,2003,876,901]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A6B1F807FC03" box="[156,2003,911,936]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A6B1FD5AFC03" box="[156,654,911,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout length (% OD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A6B1FCACFC03" box="[777,888,911,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">90%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA6B1FBD2FC03" box="[945,1030,911,936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">85–92%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA6B1FA9BFC03" box="[1078,1359,911,936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">91 (82–100%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA6B1F94DFC03" box="[1408,1689,911,936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">70 (63–77%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA6B1F807FC03" box="[1745,2003,911,936]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">63%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A68CF807FC67" box="[156,2003,946,972]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A68CFD5AFC67" box="[156,654,946,972]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Longest preopercular spine (% OD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A68CFCACFC67" box="[777,888,946,972]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA68CFBD2FC67" box="[945,1030,946,972]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">48–51%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA68CFA9BFC67" box="[1078,1359,946,972]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49 (40–65%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA68CF94DFC67" box="[1408,1689,946,972]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
29 (20–36%)
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD515A68CF981FC6A" bold="true" box="[1614,1621,946,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA68CF807FC67" box="[1745,2003,946,972]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
25%
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD432A68CF8A4FC6A" bold="true" box="[1897,1904,946,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A6E9F807FC5B" box="[156,2003,983,1008]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A6E9FD5AFC5B" box="[156,654,983,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Upper-jaw length (% HL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A6E9FCACFC5B" box="[777,888,983,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">46%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA6E9FBD2FC5B" box="[945,1030,983,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49–52%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA6E9FA9BFC5B" box="[1078,1359,983,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">47 (43–54%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA6E9F94DFC5B" box="[1408,1689,983,1008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49 (45–53%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA6E9F807FC5B" box="[1745,2003,983,1008]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">54%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A6C4F807FBB8" box="[156,2003,1018,1043]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A6C4FD5AFBB8" box="[156,654,1018,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Maximum depth of maxilla (% OD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A6C4FCACFBB8" box="[777,888,1018,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">*</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA6C4FBD2FBB8" box="[945,1030,1018,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">56–57%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA6C4FA9BFBB8" box="[1078,1359,1018,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">62 (58–67%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA6C4F94DFBB8" box="[1408,1689,1018,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49 (45–55%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA6C4F807FBB8" box="[1745,2003,1018,1043]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">44%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A120F807FB9C" box="[156,2003,1054,1079]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A120FD5AFB9C" box="[156,654,1054,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Preanal length (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A120FCACFB9C" box="[777,888,1054,1079]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">56%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA120FBD2FB9C" box="[945,1030,1054,1079]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">59–61%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA120FA9BFB9C" box="[1078,1359,1054,1079]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">60 (59–62%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA120F94DFB9C" box="[1408,1689,1054,1079]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">62 (58–65%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA120F807FB9C" box="[1745,2003,1054,1079]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">67%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A17CF807FBF0" box="[156,2003,1090,1115]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A17CFD5AFBF0" box="[156,654,1090,1115]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body depth at cleithrum (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A17CFCACFBF0" box="[777,888,1090,1115]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA17CFBD2FBF0" box="[945,1030,1090,1115]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32–34%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA17CFA9BFBF0" box="[1078,1359,1090,1115]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29 (27–32%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA17CF94DFBF0" box="[1408,1689,1090,1115]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34 (30–37%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA17CF807FBF0" box="[1745,2003,1090,1115]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">43%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A158F807FBD4" box="[156,2003,1126,1151]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A158FD5AFBD4" box="[156,654,1126,1151]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Maximum depth of pectoral-fin base (% BDc)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A158FCACFBD4" box="[777,888,1126,1151]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">*</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA158FBD2FBD4" box="[945,1030,1126,1151]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">55–56%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA158FA9BFBD4" box="[1078,1359,1126,1151]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">54 (52–58%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA158F94DFBD4" box="[1408,1689,1126,1151]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49 (44–54%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA158F807FBD4" box="[1745,2003,1126,1151]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">39%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A1B7F807FB09" box="[156,2003,1161,1186]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A1B7FD5AFB09" box="[156,654,1161,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CPD at dorsal-fin base termination (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A1B7FCACFB09" box="[777,888,1161,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA1B7FBD2FB09" box="[945,1030,1161,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12–13%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA1B7FA9BFB09" box="[1078,1359,1161,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14 (13–15%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA1B7F94DFB09" box="[1408,1689,1161,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17 (16–19%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA1B7F807FB09" box="[1745,2003,1161,1186]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A193F807FB6D" box="[156,2003,1197,1222]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A193FD5AFB6D" box="[156,654,1197,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caudal-peduncle length (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A193FCACFB6D" box="[777,888,1197,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA193FBD2FB6D" box="[945,1030,1197,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">17–20%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA193FA9BFB6D" box="[1078,1359,1197,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15 (12–16%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA193F94DFB6D" box="[1408,1689,1197,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15 (13–16%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA193F807FB6D" box="[1745,2003,1197,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A1EFF807FB41" box="[156,2003,1233,1258]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A1EFFD5AFB41" box="[156,654,1233,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CPL/CPD ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A1EFFCACFB41" box="[777,888,1233,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA1EFFBD2FB41" box="[945,1030,1233,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">61–71%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA1EFFA9BFB41" box="[1078,1359,1233,1258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">93 (89–100%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA1EFF94DFB41" box="[1408,1689,1233,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">84 (75–90%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA1EFF807FB41" box="[1745,2003,1233,1258]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">75%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A1CAF807FAA6" box="[156,2003,1268,1293]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A1CAFD5AFAA6" box="[156,654,1268,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CPD/BDc ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A1CAFCACFAA6" box="[777,888,1268,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA1CAFBD2FAA6" box="[945,1030,1268,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36–38%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA1CAFA9BFAA6" box="[1078,1359,1268,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50 (48–52%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA1CAF94DFAA6" box="[1408,1689,1268,1293]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">51 (49–53%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA1CAF807FAA6" box="[1745,2003,1268,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A026F807FA9A" box="[156,2003,1304,1329]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A026FD5AFA9A" box="[156,654,1304,1329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout tip to pelvic-fin base (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A026FCACFA9A" box="[777,888,1304,1329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA026FBD2FA9A" box="[945,1030,1304,1329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA026FA9BFA9A" box="[1078,1359,1304,1329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32 (29–34%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA026F94DFA9A" box="[1408,1689,1304,1329]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">35 (33–38%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA026F807FA9A" box="[1745,2003,1304,1329]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A002F807FAFE" box="[156,2003,1340,1365]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A002FD5AFAFE" box="[156,654,1340,1365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dorsal-fin base length (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A002FCACFAFE" box="[777,888,1340,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA002FBD2FAFE" box="[945,1030,1340,1365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18–21%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA002FA9BFAFE" box="[1078,1359,1340,1365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">56 (50–61%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA002F94DFAFE" box="[1408,1689,1340,1365]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">55 (52–59%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA002F807FAFE" box="[1745,2003,1340,1365]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">60%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A063F807FAD2" box="[156,2003,1373,1401]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A063FD5AFAD2" box="[156,654,1373,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ratio of 1st/2nd dorsal spine length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A063FCACFAD2" box="[777,888,1373,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA063FBD2FAD2" box="[945,1030,1373,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA063FA9BFAD2" box="[1078,1359,1373,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
49%
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD782A060FB34FAC6" bold="true" box="[1241,1248,1374,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA063F94DFAD2" box="[1408,1689,1373,1401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
100% / 76%
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD511A060F985FAC6" bold="true" box="[1610,1617,1374,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA063F807FAD2" box="[1745,2003,1373,1401]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">75%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A0BFF807FA37" box="[156,2003,1409,1436]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A0BFFD5AFA37" box="[156,654,1409,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ratio of 1st/2nd anal spine length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A0BFFCACFA37" box="[777,888,1409,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA0BFFBD2FA37" box="[945,1030,1409,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA0BFFA9BFA37" box="[1078,1359,1409,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
61–64%
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD7B7A0BCFB27FA3A" bold="true" box="[1260,1267,1410,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA0BFF94DFA37" box="[1408,1689,1409,1436]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">55 (46–67%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA0BFF807FA37" box="[1745,2003,1409,1436]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">50%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A099F807FA6B" box="[156,2003,1447,1472]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A099FD5AFA6B" box="[156,654,1447,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anal-fin base length (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A099FCACFA6B" box="[777,888,1447,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA099FBD2FA6B" box="[945,1030,1447,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">13–15%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA099FA9BFA6B" box="[1078,1359,1447,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22 (20–24%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA099F94DFA6B" box="[1408,1689,1447,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20 (17–21%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA099F807FA6B" box="[1745,2003,1447,1472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A0F7F807FA4F" box="[156,2003,1481,1508]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A0F7FD5AFA4F" box="[156,654,1481,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout tip to 1st dorsal pterygiophore (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A0F7FCACFA4F" box="[777,888,1481,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA0F7FBD2FA4F" box="[945,1030,1481,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA0F7FA9BFA4F" box="[1078,1359,1481,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32 (29–35%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA0F7F94DFA4F" box="[1408,1689,1481,1508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29 (25–32%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA0F7F807FA4F" box="[1745,2003,1481,1508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">26%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A0D0F807F9AC" box="[156,2003,1518,1543]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A0D0FD5AF9AC" box="[156,654,1518,1543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout tip to last anal pterygiophore (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A0D0FCACF9AC" box="[777,888,1518,1543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA0D0FBD2F9AC" box="[945,1030,1518,1543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">72–81%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA0D0FA9BF9AC" box="[1078,1359,1518,1543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">83 (80–85%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA0D0F94DF9AC" box="[1408,1689,1518,1543]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">82 (78–84%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA0D0F807F9AC" box="[1745,2003,1518,1543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">87%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC9C2BAD3C7A32FF807F980" box="[156,2003,1553,1579]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD3C7A32FFD5AF980" box="[156,654,1553,1579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pelvic-fin origin to 1st anal pterygiophore (% SL)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD052A32FFCACF980" box="[777,888,1553,1579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD0EAA32FFBD2F980" box="[945,1030,1553,1579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22–28%</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD76DA32FFA9BF980" box="[1078,1359,1553,1579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">28 (26–31%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD6DBA32FF94DF980" box="[1408,1689,1553,1579]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">27 (25–32%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC9C2BAD58AA32FF807F980" box="[1745,2003,1553,1579]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="76D5375CFFC93D4DD3CAA30BFCF7F969" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[156,2003,612,1579]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD3CAA30BFD9FF9E6" blockId="8.[145,896,1589,1730]" box="[145,587,1589,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD3CAA30BFF4CF9E8" bold="true" box="[145,152,1589,1603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC93D4DD3CAA30BFF4CF9E8" attach="left" box="[145,152,1589,1603]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper four spines along preopercle subequal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD3CAA36CFDF9F9C1" blockId="8.[145,896,1589,1730]" box="[145,557,1618,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD3CAA36CFF4CF9CB" bold="true" box="[145,152,1618,1632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC93D4DD3CAA36CFF4CF9CB" attach="left" box="[145,152,1618,1632]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Longest PPO spine is uppermost (PPO-1)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD3CAA351FCFEF923" blockId="8.[145,896,1589,1730]" box="[145,810,1647,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD3CAA351FF4CF9D6" bold="true" box="[145,152,1647,1661]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC93D4DD3CAA351FF4CF9D6" attach="left" box="[145,152,1647,1661]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only one larva with first & second dorsal spines developed & intact
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD3CAA3B3FC54F90E" blockId="8.[145,896,1589,1730]" box="[145,896,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD3CAA3B3FF4CF930" bold="true" box="[145,152,1677,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC93D4DD3CAA3B3FF4CF930" attach="left" box="[145,152,1677,1691]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only one postflexion & one transforming larva with both dorsal spines intact
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC93D4DD3CAA394FCF7F969" blockId="8.[145,896,1589,1730]" box="[145,803,1706,1730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC93D4DD3CAA394FF4CF913" bold="true" box="[145,152,1706,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC93D4DD3CAA394FF4CF913" attach="left" box="[145,152,1706,1720]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Only two larvae with first & second anal spines developed & intact
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD3CCA5A9FD99FF1A" blockId="9.[151,589,151,177]" box="[151,589,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0C481BEFFC83D4CD3CCA5A9FD99FF1A" bold="true" box="[151,589,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD3CCA5A9FD99FF1A" bold="true" box="[151,589,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fin development and pigmentation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD3CCA5E1FD6CFE7A" blockId="9.[151,1437,223,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Pectoral fins precocious, base deep, typically 53–56% BDc (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC83D4CD016A5E1FC70FF52" box="[845,932,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[145,237,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm P. volitans larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); all rays present in early postflexion larvae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC83D4CD3FAA43DFF22FEB6" box="[161,246,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Pigment lightly scattered over mid- to outer-margin of blade and developing rays in flexion larvae, and beginning to consolidate into irregularly shaped patches in postflexion larvae. By 7.0–8.0 mm, scattered pigment at several locations along inner third to mid-shaft of fins, on webbing between rays, on inner third of shaft only of rays 4–6, and near mid-shaft of rays 13–14; early transformers add pigment along outer third of shaft of most rays. Tips of longest unbroken rays extend to or slightly beyond terminal margin of CP through late postflexion; pectoral fins become relatively shorter during transformation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD39CA4E5FBB5FD2E" blockId="9.[151,1437,223,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Early postflexion larvae with three to four rays in pelvic fin, and all elements by 7.0 mm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC83D4CD7F4A4E5FAD0FE5E" box="[1199,1284,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). By
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFC83D4CD61BA4E5FA4CFE5D" box="[1344,1432,475,502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, pigment on outer third of webbing between pelvic spine and outermost ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFC83D4CD080A4C1FBF9FDB2" box="[987,1069,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
); tips of middle three rays extend to or slightly beyond first pterygiophore of anal-fin base. By 11.0 mm, longest pelvic rays extend to or beyond mid-anal-fin base, with part of innermost ray attached by short membrane to abdominal wall; tip of pelvic spine when pressed against body extends to or slightly beyond first pterygiophore of anal-fin base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD39CA7AEFE32FBBA" blockId="9.[151,1437,223,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Bases of soft dorsal and anal fins thickening outward from mid-base in flexion larvae. Early postflexion larvae with all dorsal- and anal-fin pterygiophores, and most elements developing; full complement of elements present by 8.0 mm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC83D4CD3A4A7E9FE80FD5A" box="[255,340,727,753]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). First and second spines of anal fin formed by 7.0 mm; tips of last 3–4 soft dorsal rays, last two rays of anal fin now extend to or slightly beyond terminal margin of hypural plate. Gap between first and second dorsal spines narrower than between subsequent spines, length of first spine about one-half that of second spine; length of first anal spine <65% that of second (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC83D4CD1F7A67DFCD6FCF6" box="[684,770,835,861]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[145,237,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm P. volitans larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Pterygiophore of first dorsal spine typically inserted over operculum. If 13 dorsal spines, first anal spine inserted below 12
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC83D4CD03EA659FCA6FCDE" attach="left" box="[869,882,871,885]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">th</superScript>
|
||
to 13
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC83D4CD0EBA659FC69FCDE" attach="left" box="[944,957,871,885]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">th</superScript>
|
||
spine; if 12 spines, first anal spine inserted below 12
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC83D4CD25BA6B5FED9FC32" attach="left" box="[256,269,907,921]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">th</superScript>
|
||
spine to first ray of soft dorsal fin. First “true” ray of anal fin (fourth element) inserted below first to second ray of soft dorsal fin; terminal pterygiophore of anal fin inserted below penultimate to antepenultimate pterygiophore of soft dorsal fin. Caudal fin with 7+7 primary rays by 8.0 mm; early transformers with 22 total caudal-fin elements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFC83D4CD2DFA6C9FE0CFBBA" box="[388,472,1015,1041]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C665AFFC83D4CD3C3A17FFA96FB0A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" targetBox="[163,1422,1200,1885]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD3C3A17FFA96FB0A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1089,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD3C3A17FFEDAFBF2" bold="true" box="[152,270,1089,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC83D4CD24FA17CFE6DFBF2" box="[276,441,1089,1113]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD24FA17CFE6DFBF2" box="[276,441,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC83D4CD29DA17FFD7BFBF2" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[454,687,1089,1113]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD29DA17FFD7BFBF2" box="[454,687,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dendrochirus barberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC83D4CD1B3A17CFCA7FBF2" box="[744,883,1089,1113]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD1B3A17CFD2FFBF2" box="[744,763,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD05CA17FFCA7FBF2" box="[775,883,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hemprichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD3BFA18EFAB7F8EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<table id="F933C472FFC8C2BAD3F8A18EFA5AF8F6" box="[163,1422,1200,1885]" gridcols="8" gridrows="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A18EFA5AFB62" box="[163,1422,1200,1225]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A18EFEBFFB62" box="[163,363,1200,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD3BFA18EFEF9FB63" bold="true" box="[228,301,1200,1224]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Metric</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA18EFD2CFB62" box="[528,760,1200,1225]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC83D4CD111A18FFD3FFB63" box="[586,747,1200,1225]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD111A18FFD3FFB63" bold="true" box="[586,747,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A18EFB32FB62" box="[959,1254,1200,1225]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC83D4CD0BCA18EFB1EFB63" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[999,1226,1200,1224]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD0BCA18EFB1EFB63" bold="true" box="[999,1226,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dendrochirus barberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA18EFA5AFB62" box="[1284,1422,1200,1225]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFC83D4CD65FA18FFA5AFB63" authority="Preflexion" box="[1284,1422,1200,1225]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemprichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD65FA18FFA5AFB63" bold="true" box="[1284,1422,1200,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD65FA18FFAC2FB63" bold="true" box="[1284,1302,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD678A18EFA5AFB63" bold="true" box="[1315,1422,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hemprichi</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A1D4FA5AFAA9" box="[163,1422,1258,1282]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA1D4FE20FAA9" box="[389,500,1258,1282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD2DEA1D4FE20FAA9" bold="true" box="[389,500,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Preflexion</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA1D4FDB4FAA9" box="[528,608,1258,1282]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD14BA1D4FDB4FAA9" bold="true" box="[528,608,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Flexion</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA1D4FD2CFAA9" box="[640,760,1258,1282]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD1DBA1D4FD2CFAA9" bold="true" box="[640,760,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Postflexion</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A1D4FC73FAA9" box="[786,935,1258,1282]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD049A1D4FC73FAA9" bold="true" box="[786,935,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Transformers</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A1D4FBE3FAA9" box="[959,1079,1258,1282]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD0E4A1D4FBE3FAA9" bold="true" box="[959,1079,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Postflexion</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA1D4FB32FAA9" box="[1105,1254,1258,1282]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD70AA1D4FB32FAA9" bold="true" box="[1105,1254,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Transformers</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA1D4FA5AFAA9" box="[1284,1422,1258,1282]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFC83D4CD647A1D4FAA2FAA9" bold="true" box="[1308,1398,1258,1282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Juvenile</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A01DFA5AFAF2" box="[163,1422,1315,1369]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A01DFEBFFAF2" box="[163,363,1315,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Number of specimens</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA01DFE20FAF2" box="[389,500,1315,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA01DFDB4FAF2" box="[528,608,1315,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA01DFD2CFAF2" box="[640,760,1315,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A01DFC73FAF2" box="[786,935,1315,1369]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A01DFBE3FAF2" box="[959,1079,1315,1369]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA01DFB32FAF2" box="[1105,1254,1315,1369]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA01DFA5AFAF2" box="[1284,1422,1315,1369]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A057FA5AFA35" box="[163,1422,1385,1438]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A057FEBFFA35" box="[163,363,1385,1438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Standard length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA057FE20FA35" box="[389,500,1385,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA057FDB4FA35" box="[528,608,1385,1438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3.6–3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA057FD2CFA35" box="[640,760,1385,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.9–10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A057FC73FA35" box="[786,935,1385,1438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A057FBE3FA35" box="[959,1079,1385,1438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.6–9.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA057FB32FA35" box="[1105,1254,1385,1438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10.6–14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA057FA5AFA35" box="[1284,1422,1385,1438]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">21.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A093FA5AFA4F" box="[163,1422,1453,1508]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A093FEBFFA4F" box="[163,363,1453,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dorsal-fin elements (spines, rays)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA093FE20FA4F" box="[389,500,1453,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA093FDB4FA4F" box="[528,608,1453,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0, 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA093FD2CFA4F" box="[640,760,1453,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(XII) XIII, 11 (12)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A093FC73FA4F" box="[786,935,1453,1508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IX, 12 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A093FBE3FA4F" box="[959,1079,1453,1508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">XII, 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA093FB32FA4F" box="[1105,1254,1453,1508]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">XIII, 9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA093FA5AFA4F" box="[1284,1422,1453,1508]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">XIII, 9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A0CAFA5AF981" box="[163,1422,1524,1578]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A0CAFEBFF981" box="[163,363,1524,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anal-fin elements (spines, rays)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA0CAFE20F981" box="[389,500,1524,1578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA0CAFDB4F981" box="[528,608,1524,1578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0, 0–8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA0CAFD2CF981" box="[640,760,1524,1578]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II, 8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A0CAFC73F981" box="[786,935,1524,1578]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II, 8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A0CAFBE3F981" box="[959,1079,1524,1578]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II, 6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA0CAFB32F981" box="[1105,1254,1524,1578]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">II, 6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA0CAFA5AF981" box="[1284,1422,1524,1578]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">III, 5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A304FA5AF927" box="[163,1422,1594,1676]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A304FEBFF927" box="[163,363,1594,1676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pectoral-fin elements (left, right side)</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA304FE20F927" box="[389,500,1594,1676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA304FDB4F927" box="[528,608,1594,1676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anlage</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA304FD2CF927" box="[640,760,1594,1676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14, 14</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A304FC73F927" box="[786,935,1594,1676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14, 14</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A304FBE3F927" box="[959,1079,1594,1676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17 right</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA304FB32F927" box="[1105,1254,1594,1676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17 right</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA304FA5AF927" box="[1284,1422,1594,1676]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">17 right</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A3A2FA5AF979" box="[163,1422,1692,1746]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A3A2FEBFF979" box="[163,363,1692,1746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pelvic-fin elements</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA3A2FE20F979" box="[389,500,1692,1746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA3A2FDB4F979" box="[528,608,1692,1746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Buds</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA3A2FD2CF979" box="[640,760,1692,1746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3 rays to I, 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A3A2FC73F979" box="[786,935,1692,1746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I, 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A3A2FBE3F979" box="[959,1079,1692,1746]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I, 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA3A2FB32F979" box="[1105,1254,1692,1746]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I, 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA3A2FA5AF979" box="[1284,1422,1692,1746]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I, 5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A3DCFA5AF8BC" box="[163,1422,1762,1815]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A3DCFEBFF8BC" box="[163,363,1762,1815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Primary caudal-fin elements</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA3DCFE20F8BC" box="[389,500,1762,1815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA3DCFDB4F8BC" box="[528,608,1762,1815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anlage</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA3DCFD2CF8BC" box="[640,760,1762,1815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 + 7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A3DCFC73F8BC" box="[786,935,1762,1815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 + 7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A3DCFBE3F8BC" box="[959,1079,1762,1815]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 + 7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA3DCFB32F8BC" box="[1105,1254,1762,1815]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 + 7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA3DCFA5AF8BC" box="[1284,1422,1762,1815]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7 + 7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35033490FFC8C2BAD3F8A216FA5AF8F6" box="[163,1422,1832,1885]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD3F8A216FEBFF8F6" box="[163,363,1832,1885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Secondary caudalfin elements</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD2DEA216FE20F8F6" box="[389,500,1832,1885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD14BA216FDB4F8F6" box="[528,608,1832,1885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD1DBA216FD2CF8F6" box="[640,760,1832,1885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0–1 + 0–1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD049A216FC73F8F6" box="[786,935,1832,1885]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3 + 3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD0E4A216FBE3F8F6" box="[959,1079,1832,1885]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0–1 + 0–1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD70AA216FB32F8F6" box="[1105,1254,1832,1885]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2–3 + 2–3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DECFFC8C2BAD65FA216FA5AF8F6" box="[1284,1422,1832,1885]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3 + 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFC83D4CD3CCA257FC44F829" blockId="9.[151,912,1897,1923]" box="[151,912,1897,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tableNote id="76D5375CFFC83D4CD3CCA257FC44F829" box="[151,912,1897,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[163,1422,1200,1885]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFC83D4CD3CCA257FF4AF8DC" attach="left" box="[151,158,1897,1911]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</superScript>
|
||
Aberrant larva lacking anterior three dorsal spines & associated structures
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C665AFFCB3D4FD3C3A062FAB8FA74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" targetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCB3D4FD3C3A062FAB8FA74" blockId="10.[151,1437,1372,1504]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCB3D4FD3C3A062FEC3FADF" bold="true" box="[152,279,1372,1396]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFCB3D4FD247A063FE6EFADF" box="[284,442,1372,1396]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCB3D4FD247A063FE6EFADF" box="[284,442,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine. All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCB3D4FD39CA30DFAFAF913" blockId="10.[151,1437,1586,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Largest transformer with aberrant number of dorsal-fin elements (21 total, typical count 23–24;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFCB3D4FD7A2A30CFA98F9E7" box="[1273,1356,1586,1612]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), lacks first three pterygiophores and associated structures, fourth pterygiophore underdeveloped. Origin of spinous dorsal fin displaced posteriorly, anteriormost pterygiophore (fourth) located over dorsal splay of sixth epimere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCB3D4FD661A344FA5BF93F" box="[1338,1423,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1346]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae.A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine.All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084547/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFCB3D4FD634A344FA5BF93F" box="[1391,1423,1658,1684]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); third element of anal fin untransformed; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins unpigmented in largest transformer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCB3D4FD3CCA234FAF8F88F" blockId="10.[151,1324,1802,1828]" box="[151,1324,1802,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="D0C481BEFFCB3D4FD3CCA234FAF8F88F" bold="true" box="[151,1324,1802,1828]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCB3D4FD3CCA234FAF8F88F" bold="true" box="[151,1324,1802,1828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cephalic and opercular spination; supraocular and nasal cirri; and sensory pore development</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCB3D4ED3CCA26CFB6DFE7A" blockId="10.[151,1437,1874,2009]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1473]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Number, relative length, and orientation of PPO spines change as larvae develop. Smallest larva with small PPO-2 along upper margin, and PPO-3 along lower margin. Flexion larvae add two small spines along anterior shelf of preopercle (APO), APO-2 along upper margin behind lower rim of orbit, and APO-4 along lower margin near angle of lower jaw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCB3D4FD26CA280FE5DF873" box="[311,393,1982,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[392,1195,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[380,1207,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cranial and opercular spination in Pterois volitans larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084551/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Early postflexion larvae add small APO-1 and PPO-1 along upper margin, and add APO-3 and PPO-4 along lower margin by 7.0 mm. APO spines 1 through 3 generally overlay their PPO counterparts, with APO-4 inserted between PPO-3 and -4, but closer to PPO-4. PPO-1 directed toward upper margin of opercle, PPO-2 nearly horizontal, PPO-3 directed toward pelvic-fin base, PPO-4 directed ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCA3D4ED71DA5E1FB4EFF52" box="[1094,1178,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[392,1195,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[380,1207,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cranial and opercular spination in Pterois volitans larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084551/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
). PPO-2 and -3 similar in length, longer than -1 and -4; mean length of PPO-2 and -3 about 50% OD in flexion and early postflexion larvae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFCA3D4ED3FAA419FF22FEEA" box="[161,246,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[145,237,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm P. volitans larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). PPO-4, shortest, length less than one-half that of PPO-2 and -3; all PPO’s regress in length relative to OD during transformation. By
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFCA3D4ED29DA474FDCBFECE" box="[454,543,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, cephalosensory canal along outer margin of PPO with three pores: uppermost near PPO-1, middle pore between -1 and -2, lowermost pore between -2 and -3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCA3D4ED757A451FB88FE22" box="[1036,1116,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[392,1195,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[380,1207,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cranial and opercular spination in Pterois volitans larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084551/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
|
||
). By 11.0 mm, sensory canal added along ventral margin of infraorbital ridge with five pores. Largest transformer with lateral margins of PPO-1 through -3 weakly serrate; opercle, interopercle, and subopercle lack spines at sizes examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED39CA4E5FBAAFD5A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Most cranial ridges and spines indistinct in preflexion larvae, and weakly developed in flexion and early postflexion larvae. Pair of small dorsoposteriorly directed parietal spines present in late preflexion larvae; flexion larvae with pterotic, lower posttemporal, supraocular, and postocular ridges developing; pterotic ridge with short medial spine. Height of pterotic ridge increases toward posterior margin, short spine on terminal margin in early postflexion larvae; terminal margin of lower posttemporal ridge with short spine by 7.0 mm. Pterotic ridge two times longer, higher than lower posttemporal ridge at 7.0 mm, pterotic ridge nearly three times longer by
|
||
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|
||
. Largest transformer, however, with lower posttemporal ridge longer, and two times higher than pterotic ridge. Transformers also add vertical pair of short, parallel, irregularly sculpted sphenotic ridges behind orbit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED39CA7C5FBE7FC0E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Nuchal spines short, acute, conjoined to outer margin of parietal base in flexion larvae, parietals longer than nuchals, both elevated and directed upward about 30° above longitudinal axis of head. Parietal spines over two times longer than nuchals by 8.0 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCA3D4ED166A67DFDA9FCF6" box="[573,637,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[392,1195,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[380,1207,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cranial and opercular spination in Pterois volitans larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084551/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a-c), about three times longer by 10.0 mm; both spines gradually regress during transformation. By
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFCA3D4ED298A658FDC8FC2A" box="[451,540,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, larvae with anterior margin of parietal spines weakly dentate; posterior margin of parietals, and anterior and posterior margins of nuchals smooth in all examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED39CA691FDACFBD6" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Supraocular and postocular ridges continuous in early postflexion larvae, supraocular ridge low, postocular ridge rises abruptly along anterior margin to acute peak near mid-orbit, ridge height decreases thereafter along dorsoposterior margin of orbit. Supraocular and postocular ridges project outward above orbits like “blinders,” postocular more so than supraocular ridge. By
|
||
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|
||
, supraocular ridge broadly rounded, small spine near terminal margin, ridge height about one-half that of postocular. Early transformers with anterior margin of postocular ridge weakly dentate, spine midway along ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED39CA1B9FB4AFA6A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Lateral ridge along first infraorbital (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED104A1B9FDAAFB0A" box="[607,638,1159,1185]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1) low, poorly developed; small spine on anterodorsal (upper, U) margin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED3C4A195FF6AFB6E" box="[159,190,1195,1221]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1-U1) by 7.0 mm, and on anteroventral (lower, L) margin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED011A195FCBDFB6E" box="[842,873,1195,1221]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1-L1) by 8.0 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCA3D4ED76EA195FB77FB6E" box="[1077,1187,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[392,1195,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[380,1207,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cranial and opercular spination in Pterois volitans larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084551/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3b–c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral ridge crosses onto second infraorbital (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED2EDA1F1FE01FB42" box="[438,469,1231,1257]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
2) by
|
||
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|
||
, spine on its posteroventral margin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED748A1F1FBE6FB42" box="[1043,1074,1231,1257]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
2-L1) by 10.0 mm; lateral ridge crosses third infraorbital (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED2E5A1CDFE09FAA6" box="[446,477,1267,1293]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
3) in early transformers; and terminates on fourth infraorbital (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCA3D4ED7F7A1CDFB1FFAA6" box="[1196,1227,1267,1293]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
4) below posterior margin of orbit, small spine on its terminal margin by 11.0 mm. Transformers add weak outer interorbital and upper posttemporal ridges. Outer interorbital ridge connects to coronal base, bifurcates terminally into low coronal (inner) and tympanic (outer) ridges; both ridges lack spines and serrations in all examined. Transformers also add short, unpigmented supraocular cirrus, and small, unpigmented nasal cirrus along dorsal rim of lower nostril by 11.0 mm. Largest transformer with small, blunt spine on terminal margin of upper posttemporal ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |