1038 lines
127 KiB
XML
1038 lines
127 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7AEAC872AF491A294050E0B7D798748A">A new species of scincid lizard in the genus Oligosoma (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the mid-Canterbury high country, New Zealand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="728D657C00E7A6A5BD63A2AEAAD9AF3E">Whitaker, Tony</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54CC7253CE15F14E367C8743E1EA9389">Chapple, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="388B297791FFEF54319F25D4BA931466">Hitchmough, Rodney A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD01C18AB1FAF48852A1CC916671E371">Lettink, Marieke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1763BAB97C3C449119760201FB5AA330">Patterson, Geoff B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7D8D85180B98251E8D77EF8398ACAA6B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F96ABAAF1C89CED00168DAD420DDD596">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7488E58B96A4039B1D1B6070C0CDA79E">4377</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038C0569FFD4FF9208A1C8C7FD6C60AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="150836602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5959996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C0569FFD4FF9208A1C8C7FD6C60AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C0569FFD4FF9208A1C8C7FD6C60AE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD4FF9A08A1C8C7FEDA67AE" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD4FF9A08A1C8C7FD916788" blockId="1.[151,512,1720,1780]" box="[151,512,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<heading id="D0D20313FFD4FF9A08A1C8C7FD916788" bold="true" box="[151,512,1720,1746]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B951686DFFD4FF9A08A1C8C7FD916788" bold="true" box="[151,512,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD4FF9A08A1C8C7FE0B6788" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,410,1720,1746]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B951686DFFD4FF9A08A1C8C7FE0B6788" bold="true" box="[151,410,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD4FF9A0994C8C7FD916788" box="[418,512,1720,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD4FF9A08A1C8A4FEDA67AE" blockId="1.[151,512,1720,1780]" box="[151,331,1755,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131EA8FAFFD4FF9A08A8C8A4FEB667AE" box="[158,295,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 & 5" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[245,1341,203,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 & 5. Wild Oligosoma hoparatea sp. nov. photographed on screes at the type locality, Mt Harper, January 2010 [Photographs: Marieke Lettink]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163963/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Figures 4, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131EA8FAFFD4FF9A0905C8A4FED067AE" box="[307,321,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[175,1413,211,1430]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1431]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE6. Detailed drawings of the holotype of Oligosoma hoparatea sp.nov.—dorsal (upper left), left side (middle left) and ventral (lower left) surfaces of the head showing details of the scalation, and the upper surface of the left front foot (upper right) and lower surface of the left hind foot (lower right). Scale bar = 5 mm and scaleis the same for all drawings." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163965/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">6</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD4FF9A08A1C95CFC9B66AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD4FF9A08A1C95CFBC96605" blockId="1.[151,1436,1827,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4DBE22FFD4FF9A08A1C95CFBC96605" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806316884" collectingDate="2004-02-26" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="A. H. Whitaker" country="New Zealand" county="Rangitata River" elevation="1050" latitude="-43.637917" location="Mt Harper" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.06392" municipality="Harper Range" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Canterbury" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD4FF9A08A1C95CFE906666" box="[151,257,1827,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="holotype">
|
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<emphasis id="B951686DFFD4FF9A08A1C95CFE906666" bold="true" box="[151,257,1827,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED342CBAFFD4FF9A0939C95BFEF16661" box="[271,352,1828,1851]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE008536 (adult female)
|
||
<location id="8EFAE2A4FFD4FF9A0AB2C95BFD6C6661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C0569FFD4FF9208A1C8C7FD6C60AE:8EFAE2A4FFD4FF9A0AB2C95BFD6C6661" box="[644,765,1828,1851]" country="New Zealand" county="Rangitata River" latitude="-43.637917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.06392" municipality="Harper Range" name="Mt Harper" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" stateProvince="Canterbury">Mt Harper</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFE2E05FFD4FF9A0B3EC95BFC396666" box="[776,936,1828,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Harper Range</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FBCCF3FFD4FF9A0B82C95CFBF66666" box="[948,1127,1827,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Rangitata River</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E17A9DFFD4FF9A0C44C95CFB606666" box="[1138,1265,1827,1852]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD4FF9A0CCBC95BFA096666" box="[1277,1432,1827,1852]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE11D2B8FFD4FF9A08A1C938FEAA663A" box="[151,315,1863,1888]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" precision="1" value="-43.637917">43° 38' 16.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE11D2B8FFD4FF9A0971C938FE6D663A" box="[327,508,1863,1888]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" precision="1" value="171.06392">171° 03' 50.1"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="0008534CFFD4FF9A0A3EC938FDCE6605" box="[520,607,1863,1888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="m" value="1050.0">
|
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<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD4FF9A0A3EC938FDCE6605" box="[520,607,1863,1888]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
; collected
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0D1A9FFD4FF9A0AE1C937FCEE663A" box="[727,895,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">A.H. Whitaker</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF6B57FFD4FF9A0BBCC938FBC46605" box="[906,1109,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" value="2004-02-26">
|
||
<date id="FF9B92BFFFD4FF9A0BBCC938FBC46605" box="[906,1109,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" value="2004-02-26">26 February 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD4FF9A08F1C914FB3F66FD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1827,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD4FF9A08F1C914FE6266DE" bold="true" box="[199,499,1899,1924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Paratypes (2 specimens).</emphasis>
|
||
NMNZ RE008537; adult male/female; same collection data as holotype.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4DBE22FFD4FF9A0D7CC913FB3B66FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806316883" collectingDate="2007-10-08" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="T. R. Jewell" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED342CBAFFD4FF9A0D7CC913FA0D66D9" box="[1354,1436,1900,1923]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE008538 (sub-adult); same locality data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD4FF9A0AB9C9F0FD6566F2" box="[655,756,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; collected
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0D1A9FFD4FF9A0B5AC9EFFC7D66F2" box="[876,1004,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">T.R. Jewell</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF6B57FFD4FF9A0BCEC9F0FB3B66FD" box="[1016,1194,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" value="2007-10-08">
|
||
<date id="FF9B92BFFFD4FF9A0BCEC9F0FB3B66FD" box="[1016,1194,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" value="2007-10-08">8 October 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD4FF9A08F1C9CBFC9B66AA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1827,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Note: the three
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD4FF9A0949C9CBFE3E6696" box="[383,431,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are the only specimens currently known in research collections. Other live specimens were examined by the late AHW in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD7FF9908F1CEE8FD0063DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD7FF9908F1CEE8FD0063DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF9908F1CEE8FEA661EA" bold="true" box="[199,311,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990972CEE8FDA261EA" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[324,563,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990972CEE8FDA261EA" box="[324,563,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990A0CCEE8FD0561EA" box="[570,660,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990A0CCEE8FD0561EA" bold="true" box="[570,660,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990C31CEE8FB1361EA" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1031,1154,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990C31CEE8FB1361EA" box="[1031,1154,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the following combination of characters: (a) interrupted subocular scale row; (b) mid-body scale rows>38; (c) fourth toe lamellae>25; (d) a body colouration consisting of prominent brown longitudinal stripes; (e) uniformly white ventral surface; and (f) white lateral stripe passing through the ear. It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990C5ECF7BFADB6047" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1128,1354,260,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990C5ECF7BFADB6047" box="[1128,1354,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Oligosoma longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is its closest relative (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD7FF9909BFCF58FDF9601A" author="Chapple" box="[393,616,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" refString="Chapple, D. G., Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H. (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 470 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.021" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF9909D9CF56FDB1601A" box="[495,544,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and with which it occurs syntopically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD7FF990C1DCF58FA00601A" author="Chapple" box="[1067,1425,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G. (2016 a) Chapter 4, Putting a name to diversity: taxonomy of the New Zealand lizard fauna. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), New Zealand lizards. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 87 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8 _ 4" type="book chapter" year="2016">Chapple and Hitchmough 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These two species can be further distinguished by: (a) the presence of a darker mid-dorsal stripe in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990DB7CF32FE9660D2" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990DB7CF32FE9660D2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990927CF10FEFC60D2" box="[273,365,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990927CF10FEFC60D2" bold="true" box="[273,365,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus usually absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990AA3CF0FFC8B60D2" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[661,794,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990AA3CF0FFC8B60D2" box="[661,794,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (b) the dorsal surface without flecks or blotches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990DB7CF0FFE9660F7" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990DB7CF0FFE9660F7" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF99093BCFEBFEF760F7" box="[269,358,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF99093BCFEBFEF760F7" bold="true" box="[269,358,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus well marked with darker flecks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990B0FCFEAFC2B60F7" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[825,954,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990B0FCFEAFC2B60F7" box="[825,954,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (c) lateral stripes and bands smooth edged in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990882CFC7FED9608A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[180,328,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990882CFC7FED9608A" box="[180,328,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990966CFC8FE3A608A" box="[336,427,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990966CFC8FE3A608A" bold="true" box="[336,427,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus notched in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990AB7CFC7FC92608A" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[641,771,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990AB7CFC7FC92608A" box="[641,771,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (d) always two or more nuchal scales in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990CE9CFC7FAE3608A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1247,1394,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990CE9CFC7FAE3608A" box="[1247,1394,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990D4CCFC8FF5960AF" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990D4CCFC8FF5960AF" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared with usually one or fewer in
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990A9DCFA2FCAB60AF" box="[683,826,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990A9DCFA2FCA260AF" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[683,819,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">O. longipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(e) ventral surface uniformly white or cream in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990DB7CFA2FE966342" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990DB7CFA2FE966342" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990926CF80FEFC6342" box="[272,365,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990926CF80FEFC6342" bold="true" box="[272,365,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus white or greyish, often with some dark flecking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990C21CC7FFB0A6342" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1047,1179,511,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990C21CC7FFB0A6342" box="[1047,1179,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (f) series of enlarged scales on top of the front foot in line with the toes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990AD9CC5AFC136367" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[751,898,548,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990AD9CC5AFC136367" box="[751,898,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990BBFCC5BFC726367" box="[905,995,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990BBFCC5BFC726367" bold="true" box="[905,995,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus scales of diminishing size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990DB7CC5AFF67633A" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990DB7CC5AFF67633A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and (g) enlarged precloacal scales wider than deep in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990B59CC37FB92633A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[879,1027,583,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990B59CC37FB92633A" box="[879,1027,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990C3ACC38FBF6633A" box="[1036,1127,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990C3ACC38FBF6633A" bold="true" box="[1036,1127,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
versus enlarged precloacal scales much deeper than wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990A3FCC12FD1B63DF" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[521,650,620,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990A3FCC12FD1B63DF" box="[521,650,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5AE4F7FFD7FF9908A1CB5CFC3D642C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163957/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" targetBox="[224,1374,689,1290]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD7FF9908A1CB5CFC3D642C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1315,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF9908A1CB5CFE866462" bold="true" box="[151,279,1315,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF9909F2CB5CFD346463" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[452,677,1315,1337]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF9909F2CB5CFD346463" box="[452,677,1315,1337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990A86CB5BFC956463" bold="true" box="[688,772,1316,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990A86CB5BFC956463" box="[688,772,1316,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the mid-Canterbury high country of the South Island, New Zealand: 1 = type locality on the north face of Mt Harper, 2 = Mt Somers Range (note: the map resolution is insufficient to show all four sites due to the small distance between sites on the same range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5AE4F7FFD7FF9908A1C9E5FB1566B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163959/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" targetBox="[245,1341,1438,1922]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD7FF9908A1C9E5FB1566B7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1946,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF9908A1C9E5FE8766F5" bold="true" box="[151,278,1946,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
North face of Mt Harper viewed from the northern shore of Lake Camp showing the rounded landform with steeply-incised gullies with associated active screes and large outwash fans.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD7FF990B9EC9C7FB146694" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[936,1157,1976,1998]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990B9EC9C7FB146694" box="[936,1157,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD7FF990CBAC9C6FB4C6694" box="[1164,1245,1977,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990CBAC9C6FB4C6694" bold="true" box="[1164,1245,1977,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has been found in screes in the gully at the left (the type locality) and to the left of centre [
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD7FF990B59C9A8FC6066B7" box="[879,1009,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Photograph:</emphasis>
|
||
Don Geddes].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5AE4F7FFD6FF9808A1CA73FF616505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163961/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" targetBox="[245,1341,193,1015]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD6FF9808A1CA73FF616505" blockId="3.[151,1435,1036,1119]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD6FF9808A1CA73FE83657B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1036,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Active greywacke screes at the type locality at 1050 m on the north face Mt Harper showing ‘islands’ of vegetation amongst large expanses of gravel and boulders that are the habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980B45CA54FBC1651B" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[883,1104,1067,1089]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD6FF980B45CA54FBC1651B" box="[883,1104,1067,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD6FF980C6FCA54FB3A651A" box="[1113,1195,1067,1088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD6FF980C6FCA54FB3A651A" bold="true" box="[1113,1195,1067,1088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD6FF980C8BCA54FAAE651B" box="[1213,1343,1067,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">Photograph:</emphasis>
|
||
Marieke Lettink].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD6FF9F08F1CAF3FDB665B1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD6FF9808F1CAF3FAA165FF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1164,2023]" box="[199,1328,1164,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD6FF9808F1CAF3FE7265FF" bold="true" box="[199,483,1164,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD6FF980940CAF3FE7265FF" box="[374,483,1164,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. (where bilateral counts differ, the count for the right side is in parenthesis)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD6FF9808F1CACFFD576449" blockId="3.[151,1436,1164,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">Body elongate, oval in cross-section; forehead rounded, snout blunt; ear opening large, rounded, slightly higher than wide; limbs well-developed, pentadactyl; hind limbs 37% of SVL and 1.4× length of fore limbs, adpressed limbs meet; 4th front toe longer than 3rd.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD6FF9F08F1CB5DFB2260D1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1164,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
|
||
Rostral 1.6× wider than high, contacts 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980A86CB61FCC06461" box="[688,849,1310,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="supralabials">st supralabials</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nasals and frontonasal; nasals widely separated, undivided; nostril in lower half and angled back and up; supranasals absent; frontonasal 1.6× wider than deep, contacts rostral, anterior loreals, prefrontals and frontal, narrow contact with frontal; prefrontals separated, contact with frontonasal, frontal, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF9809F5CBF2FDC964F3" box="[451,600,1421,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="supraocular">st supraocular</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980A44CBF2FC9664F3" box="[626,775,1421,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="supraciliary">st supraciliary</taxonomicName>
|
||
and anterior and posterior loreals; frontal 1.3× longer than wide, shorter (0.9×) than frontoparietals + interparietal, contacts 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980B41CBCBFC21648A" box="[887,944,1460,1488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st and</taxonomicName>
|
||
2nd supraoculars; 4 supraoculars, 2nd largest, 2nd supraocular in broad contact with frontal; frontoparietals distinct, 1.1× longer than interparietal; parietals meet on left of midline, left parietal fragmented (small scale towards midline) and overlaps right parietal, parietals bordered by interparietal, frontoparietals, 4th supraocular, 2 postoculars, 2 temporals and nuchals; 3 pairs of nuchals, twice the width of adjacent dorsals; 2 loreals; anterior loreal largest, rhomboidal, contacts nasal, frontonasal, prefrontal, posterior loreal, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980A4FC80FFD2667D7" box="[633,695,1648,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st and</taxonomicName>
|
||
2nd supralabial; posterior loreal subtriangular, contacts anterior loreal, prefrontal, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980947C8E8FD9967E9" box="[369,520,1687,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="supraciliary">st supraciliary</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lower preocular, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980AD7C8E8FCF167E9" box="[737,864,1687,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="subocular">st subocular</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 2nd supralabial (narrow contact); 2 preoculars, lower the largest; 9 supraciliaries, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980A0CC8C1FD0C6780" box="[570,669,1726,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="largest">st largest</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 8 upper ciliaries, 7th largest, forming prominent eyelid; 12 lower ciliaries; lower eyelid with clear palpebral disc surrounded either side and below with granules; 5(6) suboculars, anterior largest, contacting subocular 2nd and 3rd supralabials (2nd subocular on right side is fragmented); subocular row interrupted by 6th supralabial; 2 postoculars; 2(1) primary temporals; 2 secondary temporals; 3 tertiary temporals; 8 supralabials, 6th supralabial under centre of eye; 2 postlabials; 8(7) infralabials, gradually increasing in size, 5th and 6th largest; mental 2.5× wider than deep; post-mental quadrangular, larger than mental, contacts 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD6FF980D54C902FA0D66C3" box="[1378,1436,1917,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st and</taxonomicName>
|
||
2nd infralabials; 3 pairs of chinshields; anterior chinshields in broad contact, contact 3rd and 4th infralabials; second chinshields separated by one scale width (i.e three scales wide between infralabials) but two scales deep, contact 4th and 5th infralabials; posterior chinshields separated by 4 gular scales, contact 5th and 6th (5th) infralabials; one scale between 3 temporals and ear opening; ear with 3 prominent triangular lobules on the anterior margin, uppermost the largest, lower 2 small; granules on lower posterior margin of ear opening; dorsal body scales with 3–5 weak striations, lateral and ventral scales smooth; ventral scales largest (1.1× dorsals), laterals smallest (0.8× dorsals); 14 enlarged precloacal scales, 1.2× wider than deep, largest on midline, 1.3× larger than ventrals; 20 postcloacal scales, not enlarged; palmar granules domed; top of front feet with series of three enlarged scales in line with toes, scales on top of hind feet small. Premaxillary teeth enlarged (14) (28 maxillary teeth), curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9F08F1CFE9FD2460AD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1CFE9FC2760F5" bold="true" box="[199,950,406,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Measurements (given as percentage of snout–vent length).</emphasis>
|
||
SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD1FF9F0C38CFE9FBEE60F5" box="[1038,1151,406,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.959999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="79.6">79.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ITL unknown (tail is regenerated); SF 32.3%, AG 61.7%, S-Eye 7.7%, D-Eye 3.8%, S-Ear 17.3%, D-Ear 2.4%, HL 15.1%, HW 9.2%, FL 25.9%, FFL 7.4%, HLL 36.7%, HTL 12.3%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9F08F1CC7DFB556395" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1CC7DFAB56341" bold="true" box="[199,1316,514,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Measurements (in mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD1FF9F09DFCC7DFDC16341" box="[489,592,514,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD1FF9F0BE8CC7DFB806341" box="[990,1041,514,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 79.6 (mean 67.2, range 54.0–79.6); SF 25.7 (mean 24.4, range 21.3-25.7); AG 49.1 (mean 38.9, range 28.0-49.1); S-Eye 6.1 (mean 5.1, range 4.5-6.1); S-Ear 13.8 (mean 12.6, range 11.8-13.8); EF 11.0 (mean 9.8, range 9.1-11.0); D-Eye 3.0 (mean 2.6, range 2.5-3.0); D-Ear 1.9 (mean 1.5, range 1.1 -1.9); HL 12.0 (mean 10.9, range 9.9–12.0); HW 7.3 (mean 6.2, range 5.6-7.3); FL 20.6 (mean 19.5, range 18.8-20.6); FFL 6.0 (mean 6.0, range 6.0-6.1); HLL 29.2 (mean 27.6, range 26.5-29.2); HTL 10.7 (mean 9.5, range 7.8-10.7); NS 3 (mean 3, range 2 -4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9F08F1CCA5FBB46205" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1CCA5FB1763A9" bold="true" box="[199,1158,730,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD1FF9F097ECCA5FE2163A9" box="[328,432,730,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD1FF9F0B76CCA5FCE263A9" box="[832,883,730,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Midbody scale rows 40 (mean 41, range 40-43); dorsal scale rows 96 (mean 90, range 80-96); ventral scale rows 103 (mean 97, range 89- 104); third finger scales 13 (mean 13, range 11-14); third finger lamellae 18/19 (mean 18, range 17-19); fourth toe scales 16 (mean 16, range 15-17); fourth toe lamellae 28 (mean 27, range 26-28).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9F08F1CD15FDB665B1" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1CD15FECE62D9" bold="true" box="[199,351,874,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
This is quite similar among specimens, and is as follows: Mid-dorsal stripe continuous, becoming indistinct anteriorly. Stripe continues down tail, gradually becoming indistinct towards tip. Dorsal surface mid to dark brown, 2 scale rows wide, grading into darker stripe 2 half-scale rows wide. This is bordered by a pale dorsolateral stripe extending from behind head to base of tail, becoming indistinct thereafter. This pale strip extends into brown lateral band 3 scale rows wide, running from behind nostril through eye to base of tail, becoming indistinct thereafter, and bordered on upper and lower edges by a narrow dark brown stripe. The lower stripe is bordered below by a pale stripe, 2 half-scale rows wide running from below the eye, through the ear, above the limbs to stop just anterior to hind limbs. This band is bordered below by a darker band ½ scale rows wide. Soles of feet brown/dark brown, belly white or cream, unmarked. Throat white, unmarked. Outer surface of forelimbs brown, with indistinct pale stripe. There do not appear to be sexually dimorphic colour patterns. Juvenile colouration similar to that in adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD1FF9F08F1CA89FCB766CD" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9F08F1CA89FF4F64BD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1CA89FEDB6455" bold="true" box="[199,330,1270,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is from the Maori
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0AC3CA89FCD56455" box="[757,836,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">hōpara</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning belly or underside, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0CF7CA87FB736455" box="[1217,1250,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">tea</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning white, thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F08FDCB65FEAA6469" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[203,315,1306,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08FDCB65FEAA6469" box="[203,315,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">hōparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or ‘white-bellied’ in reference to the uniquely uniform white ventral surface of many specimens of this skink. After consultation with the wider herpetological community, the Society for Research on Amphibians and Reptiles in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD1FF9F0920CB1CFE3A6421" box="[278,427,1378,1403]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(SRARNZ) and the Department of Conservation revised the common name nomenclature for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD1FF9F08F7CBF7FEC864C5" box="[193,345,1414,1439]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
reptiles in 2014. Here
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0A51CBF8FD6F64C5" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[615,766,1414,1439]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0A51CBF8FD6F64C5" box="[615,766,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD1FF9F0B3ECBF9FCF464C5" box="[776,869,1414,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0B3ECBF9FCF464C5" bold="true" box="[776,869,1414,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was called the “Pukuma” skink. However in this paper the recommended common name is White-bellied Skink. This aligns with the wishes of the deceased author, AHW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9F08F1CB8DFCB766CD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1CB8DFDB76751" bold="true" box="[199,550,1522,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Phylogeny and relationships</emphasis>
|
||
. Using Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny analyses,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD1FF9F09D3C869FD5D6775" box="[485,716,1558,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" refString="Chapple, D. G., Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H. (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 470 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.021" type="journal article">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0A70C867FDEC6775" box="[582,637,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognised eight major and well-supported clades within the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD1FF9F0D5EC867FF7E6709" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skink fauna.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F09B2C844FD876709" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[388,534,1594,1619]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F09B2C844FD876709" box="[388,534,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD1FF9F0A28C845FDE86709" box="[542,633,1594,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0A28C845FDE86709" bold="true" box="[542,633,1594,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was included with nine South Island taxa in Clade 1; within this clade it grouped closely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F09A6C820FD83672D" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[400,530,1630,1655]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F09A6C820FD83672D" box="[400,530,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(southern and northern taxa),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0B45C820FB18672D" authority="(Peters)" authorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[883,1161,1630,1655]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriplantare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0B45C820FBB9672D" box="[883,1064,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. nigriplantare</emphasis>
|
||
(Peters)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the O.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0D2DC821FA0D672D" box="[1307,1436,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
(Patterson & Daugherty) species complex.We include a cut-down version of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD1FF9F0BCCC8FDFA9367C1" box="[1018,1282,1666,1691]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" refString="Chapple, D. G., Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H. (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 470 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.021" type="journal article">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0C57C8FBFB0467C1" box="[1121,1173,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.’s (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
phylogenetic tree here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131EA8FAFFD1FF9F093FC8D9FEFD67E5" box="[265,364,1702,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,917,939]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,215,882]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,895]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Relationship of taxa within Oligosoma Clade 1 of Chapple et al. (2009)—phylogenetic tree of Maximum Likelihood (ML) from five mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND4, Cytb, 16SrRNA, 12SrRNA) and one nuclear gene (Rag-1); ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities for all branches are 100 and 1.0, respectively [after Chapple et al. 2009]. The newly described species Oligosoma hoparatea sp.nov. is highlighted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163967/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). We found the Mt Somers
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0A96C8D8FCA367E5" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[672,818,1702,1727]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0A96C8D8FCA367E5" box="[672,818,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD1FF9F0B0CC8D9FC0067E5" box="[826,913,1702,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0B0CC8D9FC0067E5" bold="true" box="[826,913,1702,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
population to be 1.4% divergent for ND2 from the Mt Harper samples (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD1FF9F09ADC8B5FE6D67B9" box="[411,508,1738,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and one
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD1FF9F0A6BC8B4FD2D67B9" box="[605,700,1739,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) included in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD1FF9F0B7EC8B5FBA167B9" box="[840,1072,1738,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" refString="Chapple, D. G., Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H. (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 470 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.021" type="journal article">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0B9FC8B3FC4E67B9" box="[937,991,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Overall,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0CA1C8B4FAB967B9" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1175,1320,1738,1763]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0CA1C8B4FAB967B9" box="[1175,1320,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD1FF9F0D18C8B5FA1567B9" box="[1326,1412,1738,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0D18C8B5FA1567B9" bold="true" box="[1326,1412,1738,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is most closely related to sympatric populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0AF8C890FC10665D" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[718,897,1774,1799]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0AF8C890FD73665C" box="[718,738,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O</emphasis>
|
||
. aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0B13C891FC10665D" box="[805,897,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘southern’, but the level of divergence (7.1%; uncorrected genetic distance, based on the ND2 mtDNA genes) clearly shows it is a distinct taxon with a divergence time estimated at approximately 5.4 Million years before present (MYBP) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD1FF9F0C32C949FB616615" author="Chapple" box="[1028,1264,1846,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" refString="Chapple, D. G., Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H. (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 470 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.021" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0C5BC947FB386615" box="[1133,1193,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The southern (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E17A9DFFD1FF9F08A8C925FE8D6629" box="[158,284,1882,1907]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and northern (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E17A9DFFD1FF9F09F2C925FDC66629" box="[452,599,1882,1907]" country="New Zealand" name="Marlborough" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Marlborough</collectingRegion>
|
||
) populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0B3DC924FC196629" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[779,904,1882,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0B3DC924FC196629" box="[779,904,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed a similar level of divergence (8.2%) for ND2 indicating further diversity within this group of skinks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD1FF9E08F1C9DDFD4D63AA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD1FF9E08F1C9DDFCD060D2" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F08F1C9DDFDB266E1" bold="true" box="[199,547,1954,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Distribution and abundance.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0A1AC9DCFD2E66E1" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[556,703,1954,1979]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0A1AC9DCFD2E66E1" box="[556,703,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD1FF9F0AFEC9DDFCB566E1" box="[712,804,1954,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0AFEC9DDFCB566E1" bold="true" box="[712,804,1954,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is currently known from four localities, with two on the northern slopes of Mt Harper, above Balmacaan Stream. At this site,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD1FF9F0BB0C9B8FB866685" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[902,1047,1990,2015]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0BB0C9B8FB866685" box="[902,1047,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD1FF9F0C28C9B9FBE76685" box="[1054,1142,1990,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD1FF9F0C28C9B9FBE76685" bold="true" box="[1054,1142,1990,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
abundance is very low (0– 8 individuals encountered per site visit; observers typically spent several hours searching for emerged skinks using binoculars and the naked eye) and, judging by comparison of encounter rates during searches, appears to have declined since the species’ discovery. For example, no skinks were seen or caught during the most recent attempt to locate the species by visual searching and live trapping undertaken from
|
||
<date id="FF9B92BFFFD0FF9E0B7CCF7BFB8C6046" box="[842,1053,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2017-02-03" valueMax="2017-02-05" valueMin="2017-02-03">3–5 February 2017</date>
|
||
(Dylan van Winkel, pers. comm.). During the original (
|
||
<date id="FF9B92BFFFD0FF9E0945CF58FD84601A" box="[371,533,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2004-02">February 2004</date>
|
||
) survey,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A40CF57FC97601A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[630,774,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A40CF57FC97601A" box="[630,774,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0B3ACF58FCF2601A" box="[780,867,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B3ACF58FCF2601A" bold="true" box="[780,867,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(one individual) was also observed in a nearby scree gully located <
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E0971CF33FE10603F" box="[327,385,332,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
to the west of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD0FF9E0A60CF32FD14603F" box="[598,645,333,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Visual searching undertaken in that gully on two occasions in
|
||
<date id="FF9B92BFFFD0FF9E08A1CF0FFEB860D2" box="[151,297,368,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2010-01">January 2010</date>
|
||
did not yield any further sightings of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD0FF9E08F1CFEAFD4D63AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
In 2012,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E091ACFEAFE5060F7" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[300,449,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E091ACFEAFE5060F7" box="[300,449,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E09FECFEBFDB360F7" box="[456,546,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E09FECFEBFDB360F7" bold="true" box="[456,546,404,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was found in a scree gully on the Mt Somers Range, c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E0CA1CFEBFB4F60F7" box="[1175,1246,404,429]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
north-east of Mt Harper. Abundance at this site is also very low (0–4 individuals encountered per site visit). A fourth site was located c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E093CCFA3FED560AF" box="[266,324,476,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
north in 2014, consisting of a scree gully and scree slope connected by continuous scree habitat at higher (>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E08C8CC7FFEC7634D" box="[254,342,512,536]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.) elevations. Although the number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B0BCC7FFC426342" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[829,979,511,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B0BCC7FFC426342" box="[829,979,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0BEDCF80FBA76342" box="[987,1078,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BEDCF80FBA76342" bold="true" box="[987,1078,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
observed per site visit was low (range: 6–14 individuals seen over 3–4 person-hours of searching: Unpubl. data), this locality appears to support the largest sub-population discovered to date. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0BB6CC37FB86633A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[896,1047,583,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BB6CC37FB86633A" box="[896,1047,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0C16CC38FBEA633A" box="[1056,1147,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C16CC38FBEA633A" bold="true" box="[1056,1147,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is patchy at all four sites and skinks appear to be absent from much of the habitat that appears to be suitable for them. However as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD0FF9E0D0CCC13FEA463F2" author="Jewell" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refString="Jewell, T. & Morris, R. (2011) A photographic guide to reptiles and amphibians of New Zealand. New Holland, Auckland, 143 pp." type="book" year="2011">Jewell & Morris (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
point out, in general appearance and size
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B1ECCEFFC2E63F2" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[808,959,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B1ECCEFFC2E63F2" box="[808,959,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0BFDCCF0FBBA63F2" box="[971,1067,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BFDCCF0FBBA63F2" bold="true" box="[971,1067,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0D3DCCEFFE396397" authority="(Patterson & Daugherty)" authorityName="Patterson & Daugherty" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0D3DCCEFFA0D63F2" box="[1291,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
(Patterson & Daugherty)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore it is possible that it has been mistaken for this ubiquitous species in other parts of its range, and may be more common than is believed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FE7F4FFD0FF9208F1CC83FD6C60AE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD0FF9E08F1CC83FAEF650D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08F1CC83FEBA624F" bold="true" box="[199,299,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
To date,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E09AACC82FDA5624F" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[412,564,764,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E09AACC82FDA5624F" box="[412,564,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0A08CC83FD0A624F" box="[574,667,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A08CC83FD0A624F" bold="true" box="[574,667,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has only been found in mobile scree habitat consisting of angular greywacke rocks, located within a narrow elevation range of c. 1000¯
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E0BFBCD60FBB8626D" box="[973,1065,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. and warm (north-to-westfacing) aspects. Skinks are strongly associated with “vegetation islands” growing in more stable areas of the scree habitat, which are made up of indigenous divaricating shrub and vine species (including creeping pōhuehue
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E08A1CDF3FE3862FF" box="[151,425,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Muehlenbeckia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08A1CDF3FE3862FF" box="[151,425,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Muehlenbeckia axillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, matagouri
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A03CDF2FC9B62FE" authorityName="Raoul" authorityYear="1844" box="[565,778,909,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Discaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toumatou">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A03CDF2FC9B62FE" box="[565,778,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Discaria toumatou</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, porcupine shrub
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0BEBCDF3FB3762FF" authorityName="P.J. Garnock-Jones (Kirk" authorityYear="1987" box="[989,1190,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Melicytus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BEBCDF3FB3762FF" box="[989,1190,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Melicytus alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mountain wineberry
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E08A1CDD0FEE96292" authorityName="Hook fil" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,376,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Aristotelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08A1CDD0FEE96292" box="[151,376,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Aristotelia fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, korokio
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E09D5CDD0FD576292" box="[483,710,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Argophyllaceae" genus="Corokia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cotoneaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E09D5CDD0FD576292" box="[483,710,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Corokia cotoneaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B34CDCFFC5B6292" authority=", Rubus" authorityName="Rubus" box="[770,970,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B34CDCFFCE7629D" box="[770,886,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Coprosma</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BB2CDD0FC5B6292" box="[900,970,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0BE1CDD0FBAA6292" box="[983,1083,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Clematis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BE1CDD0FBAA6292" box="[983,1083,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Clematis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0C46CDCEFB736292" box="[1136,1250,945,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Parsonsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C46CDCEFB736292" box="[1136,1250,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Parsonsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131EA8FAFFD0FF9E0D7ECDD0FF3462B6" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[245,1341,1438,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[245,1341,1438,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. North face of Mt Harper viewed from the northern shore of Lake Camp showing the rounded landform with steeply-incised gullies with associated active screes and large outwash fans. Oligosoma hoparatea sp. nov. has been found in screes in the gully at the left (the type locality) and to the left of centre [Photograph: Don Geddes]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163959/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="131EA8FAFFD0FF9E08DECDABFF6962B6" box="[232,248,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1036,1058]" captionTargetBox="[245,1341,193,1015]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[245,1341,193,1015]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE3. Activegreywackescrees at thetypelocality at 1050 mon thenorth face MtHarper showing ‘islands’ ofvegetation amongst large expanses of gravel and boulders that are the habitat of Oligosoma hoparatea sp. nov. [Photograph: Marieke Lettink]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163961/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Like the majority of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD0FF9E0A23CDAAFD2062B7" box="[533,689,980,1005]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skink species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B58CDAAFB9B62B7" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[878,1034,980,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B58CDAAFB9B62B7" box="[878,1034,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0C2ECDABFBE662B7" box="[1048,1143,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C2ECDABFBE662B7" bold="true" box="[1048,1143,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is a diurnal heliotherm. Individuals are most easily found by scanning rocks on the periphery of the vegetation islands during the first sunny window of the day, once ambient temperatures that permit emergence are reached (±12¯14 °C). After an initial period of basking, skinks often move meters away from the vegetation islands to forage in adjacent scree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD0FF9E08F1CA1BFBEB6422" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
Based on the diets of its congeners and potential available food sources,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0C36CA1AFB076527" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1024,1174,1124,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C36CA1AFB076527" box="[1024,1174,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0CA8CA1BFB686527" box="[1182,1273,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0CA8CA1BFB686527" bold="true" box="[1182,1273,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is likely to be omnivorous, supplementing its diet with the small fleshy fruits of divaricating shrubs and vines when these are seasonally available. Most
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD0FF9E09E3CAD2FDE1659F" box="[469,624,1196,1221]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
lizard species consume a variety of arthropod prey and frugivory is widespread (Chapple 2016,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD0FF9E09EFCAAEFD2465B2" author="Wotton" box="[473,693,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refString="Wotton, D. M., Drake, D. R., Powlesland, R. G. & Ladley, J. J. (2016) The role of lizards as seed dispersers in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 46, 40 ‾ 65." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Wotton
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A02CAAEFDFE65B2" box="[564,623,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Skinks have been seen stalking flies amongst mats of creeping pōhuehue. Although vigilant and agile, most observed attempts by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B85CA8AFBDC6457" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[947,1101,1268,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B85CA8AFBDC6457" box="[947,1101,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0C6FCA8BFB266457" box="[1113,1207,1268,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C6FCA8BFB266457" bold="true" box="[1113,1207,1268,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to capture flies by lunging were unsuccessful. Notably,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A0DCB67FD40646A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[571,721,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A0DCB67FD40646A" box="[571,721,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0AECCB68FCA7646A" box="[730,822,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0AECCB68FCA7646A" bold="true" box="[730,822,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also includes skinks in its diet. One of the specimens collected in 2004 regurgitated a sub-adult skink (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E0B28CB43FCE2640E" box="[798,883,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
) of a smaller species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0CB0CB42FA8B640E" box="[1158,1306,1341,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0CB0CB42FA8B640E" box="[1158,1306,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) following capture. The maximum SVL recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A59CB1FFC956422" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[623,772,1375,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A59CB1FFC956422" box="[623,772,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0B3DCB20FCF46422" box="[779,869,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B3DCB20FCF46422" bold="true" box="[779,869,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E0BB3CB1FFC406422" box="[901,977,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="91.0">91mm</quantity>
|
||
: Unpubl. Data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD0FF9E08F1CBFBFE8D67E7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
Syntopic lizard species that occur in the scree habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B52CBFAFC6A64C7" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[868,1019,1412,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B52CBFAFC6A64C7" box="[868,1019,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0C33CBFBFBF264C7" box="[1029,1123,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C33CBFBFBF264C7" bold="true" box="[1029,1123,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD0FF9E0C8CCBFAFB7B64C7" box="[1210,1258,1413,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0DB7CBFAFE8A649A" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0DB7CBFAFE8A649A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, O.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E097ACBD8FE49649A" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[332,472,1447,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E094FCBD8FE49649A" box="[377,472,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“southern”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A50CBD7FD67649A" box="[614,758,1448,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A50CBD7FD67649A" box="[614,758,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B32CBD7FC8E64E5" box="[772,799,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B65CBD8FC49649A" box="[851,984,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
clade 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0C08CBD7FA97649A" baseAuthorityName="Duméril" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1086,1286,1447,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineoocellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C08CBD7FA97649A" box="[1086,1286,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. lineoocellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0DB7CBD7FA0D64E5" box="[1409,1436,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O.</emphasis>
|
||
aff
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E088ACBB3FEF364BF" baseAuthorityName="Duméril" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[188,354,1484,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineoocellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E088ACBB3FEF364BF" box="[188,354,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">lineoocellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E17A9DFFD0FF9E09FFCBB3FDDC64BF" box="[457,589,1484,1509]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
|
||
”;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD0FF9E0A54CBB3FCA264BE" author="Melzer" box="[610,819,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refString="Melzer, S., Bell, T. & Patterson, G. B. (2017). Hidden conservation vulnerability within a cryptic species complex: taxonomic revision of the spotted skink (Oligosoma lineoocellatum; Reptilia: Scincidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 4300 (3), 355 - 379. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4300.3.2" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Melzer
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A8ECBB2FD6064BF" box="[696,753,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0B70CBB3FC4D64BF" box="[838,988,1484,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Woodworthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0B70CBB3FC4D64BF" box="[838,988,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Woodworthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“Southern Alps” and
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0CE5CBB2FB7C64BE" box="[1235,1261,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">W.</emphasis>
|
||
“pygmy”. This remarkable diversity (6 skink and 2 gecko taxa) represents the greatest species richness known from any site on the mainland of the South Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD0FF9E09C6C86BFCD66777" author="Chapple" box="[496,839,1556,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G. (2016 a) Chapter 4, Putting a name to diversity: taxonomy of the New Zealand lizard fauna. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), New Zealand lizards. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 87 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8 _ 4" type="book chapter" year="2016">Chapple & Hitchmough 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Four of the above species (the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0C8DC86BFAC06777" box="[1211,1361,1556,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Woodworthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C8DC86BFAC06777" box="[1211,1361,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Woodworthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gecko species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E08C3C847FE15670A" box="[245,388,1592,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08C3C847FE15670A" box="[245,388,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E098FC847FE456715" box="[441,468,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A30C848FD1A670A" box="[518,651,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
clade 4) are relatively abundant at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD0FF9E0C0CC847FBFB670A" box="[1082,1130,1592,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. On the Mt Somers Range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E08DBC822FEEE672F" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[237,383,1628,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08DBC822FEEE672F" box="[237,383,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E09B0C823FE70672F" box="[390,481,1628,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E09B0C823FE70672F" bold="true" box="[390,481,1628,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
co-exists with five of the above species (O.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0BF1C823FBC2672F" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[967,1107,1628,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0BC2C823FBC2672F" box="[1012,1107,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“southern”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0CD5C822FAE3672E" box="[1251,1394,1629,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0CD5C822FAE3672E" box="[1251,1394,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0DB7C822FA0D672E" box="[1409,1436,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08F2C800FED867C2" box="[196,329,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
clade 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0998C8FFFDE667C2" baseAuthorityName="Duméril" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[430,631,1663,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineoocellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0998C8FFFDE667C2" box="[430,631,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. lineoocellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A98C8FEFD5B67C2" box="[686,714,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">W.</emphasis>
|
||
‘Southern Alps’), and a sixth species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0C48C8FFFAB467C2" box="[1150,1317,1664,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0C48C8FFFAB467C2" box="[1150,1317,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occurs in the vicinity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD0FF9E08F1C8B7FB756687" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
Resource partitioning among the eight lizard species living in scree habitat at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD0FF9E0C5FC8B7FB0867BA" box="[1129,1177,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality occurs via the time of their activity (diurnal for skinks; primarily nocturnal for geckos), micro-habitat use, and possibly diet. Although we have not conducted dietary studies, differences in lizard body sizes (maximum SVL ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFD0FF9E0DB6C96FFF526616" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08DFC94AFE976616" box="[233,262,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">W.</emphasis>
|
||
“pygmy” to 114 SLV in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A11C94AFCEB6616" authority=": Unpubl. Data" authorityName="Unpubl. Data" box="[551,890,1844,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A11C94AFD5E6616" box="[551,719,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
: Unpubl. Data
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are expected to influence the size of arthropod prey items taken. Three of the six skink species are saxicolous (restricted to rocky substrates;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0CEAC927FAE0662A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1244,1393,1879,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0CEAC927FAE0662A" box="[1244,1393,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0D4CC928FF5966CF" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0D4CC928FF5966CF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, O.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0934C903FE0266CF" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[258,403,1916,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0902C903FE0266CF" box="[308,403,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“southern” and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0A6DC902FC9666CE" box="[603,775,1917,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A6DC902FC9666CE" box="[603,775,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These species vary in their micro-habitat use:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0D78C902FF6766E3" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0D78C902FAF366CE" box="[1358,1378,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O</emphasis>
|
||
. aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E08A1C9DFFF6766E3" box="[151,246,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“southern” and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E098CC9DEFDC066E3" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[442,593,1952,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E098CC9DEFDC066E3" box="[442,593,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD0FF9E0A6AC9DFFD2B66E3" box="[604,698,1952,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0A6AC9DFFD2B66E3" bold="true" box="[604,698,1952,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are associated with vegetation islands whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD0FF9E0CC7C9DEFA0A66E2" box="[1265,1435,1953,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD0FF9E0CC7C9DEFA0A66E2" box="[1265,1435,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a preference for relatively bare areas of comparatively larger-sized scree (ML; pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5AE4F7FFD3FF9D08A1C9CFFE7566BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163963/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="275" targetBox="[245,1341,203,1933]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD3FF9D08A1C9CFFE7566BF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1968,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD3FF9D08A1C9CFFEC6669C" bold="true" box="[151,343,1968,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">FIGURES 4 & 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD3FF9D09AAC9CEFDE8669D" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[412,633,1969,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD3FF9D09AAC9CEFDE8669D" box="[412,633,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD3FF9D0AB4C9CEFD42669C" box="[642,723,1969,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD3FF9D0AB4C9CEFD42669C" bold="true" box="[642,723,1969,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
photographed on screes at the type locality, Mt Harper, January 2010 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD3FF9D08A9C9B0FEBA66BF" box="[159,299,1999,2021]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">Photographs:</emphasis>
|
||
Marieke Lettink].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5AE4F7FFD2FF9C08A1CBD2FAB7675A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163965/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" targetBox="[175,1413,211,1430]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD2FF9C08A1CBD2FAB7675A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1452,1536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C08A1CBD2FE836498" bold="true" box="[151,274,1453,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Detailed drawings of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0AA7CBD3FCFA6498" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[657,875,1452,1474]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0AA7CBD3FCFA6498" box="[657,875,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0B44CBD2FC496498" bold="true" box="[882,984,1453,1474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD2FF9C0B44CBD2FC2E6498" box="[882,959,1453,1474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0C13CBD1FB176498" box="[1061,1158,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">upper left</emphasis>
|
||
), left side (middle left) and ventral (lower left) surfaces of the head showing details of the scalation, and the upper surface of the left front foot (
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0D57CBB3FF59675A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">upper right</emphasis>
|
||
) and lower surface of the left hind foot (
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0A52CB95FD44675A" box="[612,725,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">lower right</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bar = 5 mm and scale is the same for all drawings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD2FF9C08F1C857FCAF67F1" blockId="7.[151,1436,1575,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C08F1C857FECD671A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,348,1575,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C08F1C857FECD671A" box="[199,348,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD2FF9C0951C858FE54671A" box="[359,453,1575,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0951C858FE54671A" bold="true" box="[359,453,1575,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shares several characters with other saxicolous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0BDCC858FBF3671A" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[1002,1122,1575,1600]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0BDCC858FBF3671A" box="[1002,1122,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, such as high scale counts and elongated digits and tail. The colouration allows the species to be camouflaged in its rocky habitat, although the lack of speckling in the colour pattern distinguishes this species from most other saxicolous skinks in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD2FF9C0D32C80FFA0967D2" box="[1284,1432,1647,1672]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the syntopic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C09D2C8EBFD1767F1" box="[484,646,1684,1707]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C09D2C8EBFD1767F1" box="[484,646,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0A8CC8EBFCA667F6" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[698,823,1683,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0A8CC8EBFCA667F6" box="[698,823,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFD2FF9C08F1C8C8FE9A66AA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1575,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
|
||
Potential predators of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C09F7C8C7FDC2678A" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[449,595,1719,1744]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C09F7C8C7FDC2678A" box="[449,595,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFD2FF9C0A6DC8C8FD24678A" box="[603,693,1719,1744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0A6DC8C8FD24678A" bold="true" box="[603,693,1719,1744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
include other skink species (particularly the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0CD3C8C7FA1D6795" box="[1253,1420,1720,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waimatense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0CD3C8C7FA1D6795" box="[1253,1420,1720,1743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">O. waimatense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), birds (e.g. black-fronted tern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C09C6C8A4FCC767AE" authority="(Gray)" authorityName="Gray" box="[496,854,1755,1780]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Chlidonias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albostriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C09C6C8A4FC9167AE" box="[496,768,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Chlidonias albostriatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD2FF9C0BAFC8A3FBA367AE" box="[921,1074,1755,1780]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
falcon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0CA7C8A4FF7C6642" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeseelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0CA7C8A4FA0D67AE" box="[1169,1436,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Falco novaeseelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
Gmelin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and introduced mammals (feral house mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0B2AC97FFBA66642" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[796,1079,1791,1816]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0B2AC97FFC516642" box="[796,960,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Mus musculus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, brushtail possum
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0D20C880FE956666" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Trichosurus vulpecula</emphasis>
|
||
(Kerr), European hedgehog
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0A7FC95BFC396666" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[585,936,1827,1852]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Erinaceus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0A7FC95BFCA66661" box="[585,823,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Erinaceus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ship rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0C27C95BFA0D6666" authority="rattus Linnaeus, Norwegian" authorityName="Linnaeus, Norwegian" box="[1041,1436,1827,1852]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0C27C95BFB306661" box="[1041,1185,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, Norwegian
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C088AC937FE69663A" authority="(Berkenhout)" authorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[188,504,1863,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C088AC937FEC66605" box="[188,343,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Berkenhout)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, feral pig
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0A51C937FD49663A" box="[615,728,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Sus scrofa</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, feral ferret
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0BF9C938FB40663A" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[975,1233,1863,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0BF9C938FBCF663A" box="[975,1118,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Mustela furo</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stoat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0D2CC937FE9066DE" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0D2CC937FA0D6605" box="[1306,1436,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">M. erminea</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0957C913FDD066DE" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[353,577,1899,1924]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0957C913FE4366DE" box="[353,466,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">M. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and feral cat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFD2FF9C0AE9C914FC5E66DE" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[735,975,1899,1924]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0AE9C914FCCB66D9" box="[735,858,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Felis catus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Feral cats, stoats, hedgehogs, possums, pigs and mice are known to be present at or near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E0ADDFFD2FF9C0ADFC9EFFC8866F2" box="[745,793,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. In the absence of habitat loss, the greatest threat to lizard populations on the mainland of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332F4EFFFD2FF9C0AB7C9CBFC8D6696" box="[641,796,1971,1996]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFD2FF9C0B50C9CCFBC56696" author="Reardon" box="[870,1108,1971,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" refString="Reardon, J. T., Whitmore, N., Holmes, K. M., Judd, L. M., Hutcheon, A. D., Norbury, G. & Mackenzie, D. I. (2012) Predator control allows critically endangered lizards to recover on mainland New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 36, 141 - 150." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Reardon
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFD2FF9C0BE7C9CBFB966696" box="[977,1031,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is predation by introduced mammals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5AE4F7FFDDFF9308A1CDEAFC13655D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1163967/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" targetBox="[169,1416,215,882]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDDFF9308A1CDEAFC13655D" blockId="8.[151,1437,917,1031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF9308A1CDEAFE8962F0" bold="true" box="[151,280,917,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Relationship of taxa within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDDFF930A62CDEAFD5262F1" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[596,707,917,939]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930A62CDEAFD5262F1" box="[596,707,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade 1 of Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930B86CDE9FC7862F1" box="[944,1001,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)—phylogenetic tree of Maximum Likelihood (ML) from five mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND4, Cytb, 16SrRNA, 12SrRNA) and one nuclear gene (Rag-1); ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities for all branches are 100 and 1.0, respectively [after Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930D17CDACFAC562B2" box="[1313,1364,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009]. The newly described species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDDFF930989CD8EFD0B655D" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[447,666,1009,1031]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930989CD8EFD0B655D" box="[447,666,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Oligosoma hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFDDFF930A96CD8EFD7F655C" box="[672,750,1009,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930A96CD8EFD7F655C" bold="true" box="[672,750,1009,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is highlighted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDDFF9308F1CA51FBDF65A1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1070,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF9308F1CA51FE2A651D" bold="true" box="[199,443,1070,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDDFF9309F7CA50FDC2651D" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[449,595,1070,1095]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF9309F7CA50FDC2651D" box="[449,595,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extremely rare; since its discovery it has been seen on only four scree areas on two adjacent mountain ranges, and may have disappeared from one of these, and the population on each is only a few tens of animals at most, based informally on the small numbers observed. Numerous apparently suitable screes have been searched, but no additional populations have been detected at these locations. The combination of very small fragmented populations and large areas of apparently unoccupied suitable habitat mean that historical and ongoing declines are highly likely, although population trend has not been documented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDDFF9308F1CB79FB4367A9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1070,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Following its discovery in 2004,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDDFF930A1CCB78FD2D6445" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[554,700,1286,1311]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930A1CCB78FD2D6445" box="[554,700,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFDDFF930AF4CB79FC8A6445" box="[706,795,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930AF4CB79FC8A6445" bold="true" box="[706,795,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFDDFF930B85CB79FB546445" box="[947,1221,1286,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Bull, L. & Cromarty, E. (Eds.) (2007) New Zealand Threat Classification System Lists- 2005. New Zealand Department of Conservation, Welllington." type="book chapter">
|
||
Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930C74CB78FBE16445" box="[1090,1136,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the tag-name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDDFF930895CB55FE366419" authority="Rangitata" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[163,423,1322,1347]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930895CB55FE8A6419" box="[163,283,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF93097DCB55FE366419" box="[331,423,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Rangitata” as Data Deficient (One Location). The Data Deficient category is for very poorly known taxa, which lack sufficient information for even an educated guess at conservation status. The “One Location” qualifier is self-explanatory—at that time, the skink was known only from the site of the original discovery.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFDDFF9308A1CBE9FE3D64F5" box="[151,428,1430,1455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J. M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D. G., Tocher, M. D., Anderson, P. J., Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H. (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 37 (3), 203 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2010.496487" type="journal article">
|
||
Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930910CBE8FECC64F5" box="[294,349,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shifted it to Nationally Critical (Data Poor, One Location), on the basis of criterion A(2) (Ĺ2 subpopulations, Ĺ200 mature individuals in the largest subpopulation). Nationally Critical is the NZTCS category for species at highest risk of extinction, facing the risks imposed by extremely small population or area of occupancy, or extremely high rate of decline. The Data Poor qualifier indicates low confidence in the information used to make the assessment (in this instance because it was thought quite likely that additional populations would be discovered). Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930910C834FEC46739" box="[294,341,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013) changed only the qualifiers, to Data Poor, Range Restricted, Sparse, following the discovery of another subpopulation on the western slopes of the Mount Somers Range. The “Range Restricted” and “Sparse” qualifiers replacing the previous “One Location” indicate “taxa confined to specific substrates, habitats or geographic areas of less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD199AFFDDFF930946C8C8FE4B6795" box="[368,474,1718,1743]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" unit="km" value="1000.0">1000 km</quantity>
|
||
2” and “taxa that occur within typically small and widely scattered populations” respectively. There was no change to the listed status in the latest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFDDFF930B50C8A5FBEB67A9" author="Hitchmough" box="[870,1146,1754,1779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" refString="Hitchmough, R., Barr, B., Monks, J., Lettink, M., Reardon, J., Tocher, M., van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J. (2016 b) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2015. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 17. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 22." type="book chapter" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930BC1C8A4FBBC67A9" box="[1015,1069,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) listing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDDFF9308F1C880FBFF66B5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1070,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDDFF9308F1C880FECA664D" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,347,1790,1815]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF9308F1C880FECA664D" box="[199,347,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFDDFF930955C881FE2C664D" box="[355,445,1790,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDDFF930955C881FE2C664D" bold="true" box="[355,445,1790,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has not been assessed under the IUCN red-list system. We have followed the directive in the "guidelines for using the IUCN categories and criteria, version 13,
|
||
<date id="FF9B92BFFFDDFF930B90C95DFBBE6661" box="[934,1071,1826,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2017-03">March 2017</date>
|
||
" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFDDFF930C71C95CFEE46605" author="IUCN" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN categories and criteria, version 13, March 2017. Prepared by the IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http: // cmsdocs. s 3. amazonaws. com / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 20 January 2018)" type="journal article" year="2017">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that "precise information on scarce taxa is usually lacking, and although the criteria are highly quantified and defined, one can use projections, assumptions and inferences (as long as they are explicitly stated and clearly justified) in order to place a taxon in the appropriate category". Although there is no formal scientific population size or trend assessment, we are confident that our observations of small numbers, fragmented populations, and declining encounter rates merit listing as Critically Endangered under criterion C2a(i):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDCFF9208A1CEC3FCB96047" blockId="9.[151,1038,188,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">C. Population size estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals and: 2. A continuing decline, inferred, in numbers of mature individuals AND a. Population structure in the form of one of the following:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDCFF9208A1CF58FC4C601A" blockId="9.[151,1038,188,320]" box="[151,989,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">(i) no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AB47FFFDCFF9208F1CF10FD6C60AE" blockId="9.[151,1437,367,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">
|
||
Introduced mammalian predators are the likely agent of decline, based on extremely strong evidence for their impact on congeners in similar habitats (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFDCFF920ABBCFEBFCFF60F6" author="Reardon" box="[653,878,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" refString="Reardon, J. T., Whitmore, N., Holmes, K. M., Judd, L. M., Hutcheon, A. D., Norbury, G. & Mackenzie, D. I. (2012) Predator control allows critically endangered lizards to recover on mainland New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 36, 141 - 150." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Reardon
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDCFF920AC4CFEAFCB260F7" box="[754,803,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25CFFCFFDCFF920BB4CFEAFB8760F7" authority="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson, 2018" authorityName="Whitaker & Chapple & Hitchmough & Lettink & Patterson" authorityYear="2018" box="[898,1046,404,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDCFF920BB4CFEAFB8760F7" box="[898,1046,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262D516FFDCFF920C29CFEBFBEA60F7" box="[1055,1147,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDCFF920C29CFEBFBEA60F7" bold="true" box="[1055,1147,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is larger than most of the sympatric congeners which are more common at the sites where it is found; larger body size has been shown to increase vulnerability to extinction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4C98EFFDCFF920A28CFA3FD6060AE" author="Tingley" box="[542,753,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" refString="Tingley, R., Hitchmough, R. A. & Chapple, D. G. (2013) Life-history traits and extrinsic threats determine extinction risk in New Zealand lizards. Biological Conservation, 165, 62 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2013.05.028" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Tingley
|
||
<emphasis id="B951686DFFDCFF920A4CCFA2FD3860AF" box="[634,681,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |