953 lines
103 KiB
XML
953 lines
103 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/jmammal/gyy048" ID-ISSN="0022-2372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7845481" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1681906461249" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Colombo, Guthieri T., Di Ponzio, Raffaello, Benchimol, Maíra, Peres, Carlos A. & Bobrowiec, Paulo Estefano D." docDate="2018" docId="46341E41E13EE51BFC495ED1FE4FC1FD" docLanguage="en" docName="JourMammal.99.3.624-645.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Mammalogy 99 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x6w" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8488A0FD6434D222CC79ECAD85E66EFE.1:JourMammal.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="8488A0FD6434D222CC79ECAD85E66EFE" docStyleName="JourMammal.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pteronotus alitonus Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="634" masterDocId="BA0D6639E138E511FFA45866FFC0C43F" masterDocTitle="Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="645" masterPageNumber="624" pageNumber="630" updateTime="1681914850680" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Colombo, Guthieri T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Di Ponzio, Raffaello</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benchimol, Maíra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peres, Carlos A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bobrowiec, Paulo Estefano D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Mammalogy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-05-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>624</mods:start>
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<mods:end>645</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sn02v6x6w</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/jmammal/gyy048</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0022-2372</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7845481</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46341E41E13EE51BFC495ED1FE4FC1FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/46341E41E13EE51BFC495ED1FE4FC1FD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="634" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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<subSubSection box="[1005,1302,1719,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1005,1302,1719,1742]" box="[1005,1302,1719,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="874HY" ID-ENA="2203464" authority="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec, 2018" authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1005,1213,1719,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1005,1213,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Pteronotus alitonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1220,1302,1719,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="630" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[819,1488,1751,1998]" box="[819,1472,1751,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[819,1472,1751,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84XKQ" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" box="[819,1216,1751,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Chilonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
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||
<emphasis box="[819,1085,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Chilonycteris rubiginosa</emphasis>
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||
[
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||
<emphasis box="[1100,1216,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">rubiginosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
]:
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||
<treatmentCitation author="REHN, J. A. G." box="[1239,1412,1751,1774]" page="200" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation author="REHN, J. A. G." box="[1239,1412,1751,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" pagination="181 - 207" refId="ref14782" refString="REHN, J. A. G. 1904. A study of the Mammalian genus Chilonycteris. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 181 - 207." type="journal article" year="1904">Rehn, 1904:200</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; part.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="6.[819,1488,1751,1998]" box="[819,1465,1783,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[819,1465,1783,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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<treatmentCitation author="HUSSON, A. M." box="[819,1404,1783,1806]" page="74" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" year="1962">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="84XKQ" authority=": Husson, 1962: 74" authorityName="Husson" authorityPageNumber="74" authorityYear="1962" box="[819,1404,1783,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Chilonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rubiginosa" subSpecies="rubiginosa">
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||
<emphasis box="[819,1207,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Chilonycteris rubiginosa rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||
:
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<bibRefCitation author="HUSSON, A. M." box="[1221,1404,1783,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref13877" refString="HUSSON, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zoologische Verhandelingen 58: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="1962">Husson, 1962:74</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; part.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="6.[819,1488,1751,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="874KZ" authority=": Smith, 1972: 75" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[819,935,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Pteronotus</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis box="[977,1081,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Phyllodia</emphasis>
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]
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<emphasis box="[1124,1216,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">parnellii</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation author="SMITH, J. D." page="75" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" year="1972">
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||
<emphasis box="[1250,1376,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">rubiginosus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation author="SMITH, J. D." pageId="6" pageNumber="630" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref15067" refString="SMITH, J. D. 1972. Systematics of the chiropteran family Mormoopidae. Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 56: 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1972">Smith, 1972:75</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; part.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="6.[819,1488,1751,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
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||
<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7208554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7208554" author="HONACKI, J. H. & K. E. KINMAN & J. W. KOEPPL" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B2B87C9FFE5FFDBFEF6CA96B68DF6E0" page="150" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" year="1982">
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||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7WP8Z" authority=": Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl, 1982: 150" authorityName=": Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1982" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">
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||
<emphasis box="[819,1056,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Pteronotus parnellii</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation author="HONACKI, J. H. & K. E. KINMAN & J. W. KOEPPL" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" refId="ref13830" refString="HONACKI, J. H., K. E. KINMAN, AND J. W. KOEPPL. 1982. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas." type="book" year="1982">Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl, 1982:150</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; part
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[819,1488,1751,1998]" box="[819,1229,1943,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[819,1229,1943,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[819,994,1943,1966]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
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||
<emphasis box="[819,935,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Pteronotus</emphasis>
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||
sp. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[1006,1225,1943,1966]" page="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" year="2013">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[1006,1225,1943,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al., 2013:14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[819,1488,1751,1998]" box="[819,1329,1975,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[819,993,1975,1998]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="630" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
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||
<emphasis box="[819,935,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="630">Pteronotus</emphasis>
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||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: Pavan and Marroig, 2016:190.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-09-06" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="Ricardo Rocha" country="Brazil" county="Manaus" elevation="78" latitude="-2.3333333" location="Manaus" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-60.1" municipality="Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="INPA 6942" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis box="[171,275,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
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||
<typeStatus box="[171,272,203,226]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
—An
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||
<specimenCount box="[344,397,203,226]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="adult">adult</specimenCount>
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||
<specimenCount box="[407,459,203,226]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="male">male</specimenCount>
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||
(
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||
<specimenCode box="[476,605,203,226]" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">INPA 6942</specimenCode>
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||
;
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||
<figureCitation box="[619,684,203,226]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[145,180,1952,1973]" captionTargetBox="[233,1442,1485,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-750@7.[233,1442,1485,1939]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and ventral and lateral views of the mandible of the holotype of Pteronotus alitonus sp. nov. (INPA 6942). Scale bar = 5 mm. INPA = Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845492/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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||
), preserved in alcohol with the skull removed and cleaned, deposited at the collection of the
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||
<collectionCode box="[328,391,267,290]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[401,516,267,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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||
, Brazil. It was collected on
|
||
<date box="[144,344,299,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" value="2014-09-06">
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||
<collectingDate box="[144,344,299,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" value="2014-09-06">6 September 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
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||
by
|
||
<collectorName box="[390,552,299,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Ricardo Rocha</collectorName>
|
||
(field number PP02) at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) area,
|
||
<quantity box="[201,267,363,386]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="km" value="80.0">
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[201,267,363,386]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</locationDeviation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[363,450,363,386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Manaus</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[460,525,363,386]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[538,613,361,386]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" precision="925" value="-2.3333333">
|
||
2°20
|
||
<emphasis box="[590,597,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">′</emphasis>
|
||
S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[624,708,361,386]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" precision="925" value="-60.1">
|
||
60°6
|
||
<emphasis box="[675,682,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">′</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elevation of
|
||
<quantity box="[172,282,395,418]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="m" value="77.5" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="30.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[172,282,395,418]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="m" value="77.5" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="30.0">30–125 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
). Body, skull, and mandible are in good condition. Tissue is preserved in ethanol and frozen at
|
||
<collectionCode box="[640,700,427,450]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
under the same ID. Sequence of the mitochondrial gene
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,686,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">COI</emphasis>
|
||
is available under the GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[555,681,491,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">MH017835</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[171,587,523,546]" collectionCode="IEPA" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="MZUSP 35505, 35523" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,284,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[171,280,523,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<specimenCode box="[310,488,523,546]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">MZUSP 35505</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[513,583,523,546]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">35523</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[608,813,523,546]" collectionCode="IEPA" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="IEPA 417, 1847" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[608,728,523,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">IEPA 417</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[753,809,523,546]" collectionCode="IEPA" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qq2e-yp5c" name="Istituto di Entomologia Agraria dell'Universita" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">1847</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[144,272,555,578]" collectionCode="IEPA" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="INPA 6947" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[144,268,555,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">INPA 6947</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[280,610,555,578]" collectionCode="IEPA" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="ROM 98128, 106659, 117545" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[280,416,555,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">ROM 98128</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[428,511,555,578]" collectionCode="ROM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="Museum">106659</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[522,605,555,578]" collectionCode="ROM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="Museum">117545</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="IEPA" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="MHNG 1978.077, 1978.082" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[617,810,555,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">MHNG 1978.077</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[144,247,587,610]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="Museum">1978.082</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[257,432,587,610]" collectionCode="IEPA" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" specimenCode="AMNH 267851" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode box="[257,428,587,610]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">AMNH 267851</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,345,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||
—The complete list of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[624,776,619,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="generic">82 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[144,256,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,256,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
analyzed in this study is described in Appendix II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,308,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
—The new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[578,694,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[578,694,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from several localities in the pristine forests of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[724,810,715,738]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[144,249,747,770]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, French Guiana, and the Brazilian Amazon (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[741,806,747,770]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[101,136,1981,2002]" captionTargetBox="[344,1246,1139,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-500@2.[341,1248,1137,1968]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.——Sampling localities of the common mustached bat (Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus) included in the present study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845484/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; Appendix
|
||
<collectionCode box="[256,274,779,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">II</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,290,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
—The specific epithet,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[546,632,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,632,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is composed of the Latin words
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,373,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">alius</emphasis>
|
||
(= different, changed) and
|
||
<emphasis box="[669,727,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">tonus</emphasis>
|
||
(sound, tone), in reference to the distinct echolocation call emitted by this species in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1972" box="[459,611,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[459,611,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="632" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,466,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Nomenclatural statement.</emphasis>
|
||
—A Life Science Identifier (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[151,213,971,994]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">LSID</collectionCode>
|
||
) number was obtained for the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[144,379,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,379,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<uri pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid pageId="7" pageNumber="631">4B22D88F-77BA-4021-B031-B54B946DC52D</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,814,203,1442]" lastBlockId="8.[101,771,203,1602]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="632" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,421,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Historical background.</emphasis>
|
||
—In the synonymy presented above (only with 1st use of the names), we tentatively listed authors that implicitly included in their concepts of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Chilonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Chilonycteris rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl" authorityYear="1982" box="[305,428,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[305,428,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. parnellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, populations from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[748,813,1163,1186]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Guianas, which could be assigned to the new species here described. The 2 latter synonyms represent not binomial (and more formal) entries, but refer to specimens whose association to this new species is clear and explicit. Several studies have been published in recent years evidencing the existence of 2 sympatric lineages of common mustached bats in the Amazonian region. Each of these studies has focused on specific questions about the group, but also provided additional sources of information to guide the present study. Based on information from 3 loci,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[1125,1318,235,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the existence of 4 distinct lineages in the continental range of the species formerly known as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl" authorityYear="1982" box="[1122,1242,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1122,1242,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. parnellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity box="[1257,1299,299,322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
Central America and
|
||
<quantity box="[861,906,331,354]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
South America. Two of these South American lineages, called
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[936,1116,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis box="[936,1052,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1176,1359,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1176,1292,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 4
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were found in sympatry in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1004,1087,395,418]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1148,1254,395,418]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[1268,1477,395,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also described information from acoustics and morphometrics related to the geographic areas of occurrence of these lineages.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THOISY, B. D." box="[861,1081,491,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref15168" refString="THOISY, B. D., ET AL. 2014. Cryptic diversity in common mustached bats Pteronotus cf. parnellii (Mormoopidae) in French Guiana and Brazilian Amapa. Acta Chiropterologica 16: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2014">Thoisy et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that the 2 sympatric lineages of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl" authorityYear="1982" box="[900,1018,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[900,1018,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. parnellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex found by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[1222,1415,523,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1448,1531,523,546]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[906,1008,555,578]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
were acoustically discernible and increased their ranges to French Guiana and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1304,1373,587,610]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THOISY, B. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref15168" refString="THOISY, B. D., ET AL. 2014. Cryptic diversity in common mustached bats Pteronotus cf. parnellii (Mormoopidae) in French Guiana and Brazilian Amapa. Acta Chiropterologica 16: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2014">Thoisy et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided molecular and morphometric evidence indicating that one of these lineages (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1215,1388,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-4">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1331,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 4
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[892,1150,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="parnellii" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[892,1150,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. parnellii rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the taxon already known for that area. Later, Pavan and Marroig (2016) provided a new phylogenetic hypothesis and an updated taxonomic arrangement for the genus
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,1095,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[972,1091,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pavan and Marroig (2016) corroborated the existence of 8 distinct lineages within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Honacki, Kinman and Koeppl" authorityYear="1982" box="[1351,1469,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1351,1469,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">P. parnellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1029,1133,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phyllodia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1029,1133,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Phyllodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity box="[1156,1197,843,866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1204,1288,843,866]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1299,1341,843,866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
Central America,
|
||
<quantity box="[861,905,875,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
South America, and
|
||
<quantity box="[1141,1185,875,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the Caribbean, linking them to the available names in the group (as subspecies and species names) and showing that one of the sympatric lineages from South America (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1044,1219,971,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1044,1160,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—sensu Pavan and Marroig 2016;
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[930,1103,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis box="[930,1046,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[1199,1378,1003,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has no name available. Pavan and Marroig (2017) published a dated phylogeny for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1092,1208,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1208,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the same molecular data published by Pavan and Marroig (2016). They discussed the historical processes related to the origin and diversification events within the group. López-Baucells et al. (2017) reported the existence of geographic variation in the echolocation calls of these 2 sympatric species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1188,1304,1227,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1188,1304,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South America. The study by López-Baucells et al. (2017) is complementary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THOISY, B. D." box="[861,1077,1291,1314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref15168" refString="THOISY, B. D., ET AL. 2014. Cryptic diversity in common mustached bats Pteronotus cf. parnellii (Mormoopidae) in French Guiana and Brazilian Amapa. Acta Chiropterologica 16: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2014">Thoisy et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because it showed that, despite the existence of intraspecific variation, both species are acoustically discernible, i.e., the differences are consistent across geography. They also provided additional information on the distribution of the unnamed lineage of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1154,1270,1419,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1154,1270,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Central Amazon. We hypothesize that the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[324,499,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,440,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[583,761,203,226]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[148,322,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis box="[148,264,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu Pavan and Marroig 2016), as well as the specimens studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THOISY, B. D." box="[418,637,267,290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref15168" refString="THOISY, B. D., ET AL. 2014. Cryptic diversity in common mustached bats Pteronotus cf. parnellii (Mormoopidae) in French Guiana and Brazilian Amapa. Acta Chiropterologica 16: 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="2014">Thoisy et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and López-Baucells et al. (2017), can be confidently recognized as the same biological entity. We advocate this as we included part of their datasets in the present appraisal and carefully compared the results.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845492" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7845492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845492/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" startId="7.[145,180,1952,1973]" targetBox="[233,1442,1485,1939]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,1533,1952,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,208,1952,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and ventral and lateral views of the mandible of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec, 2018" authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1267,1454,1952,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1454,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="631">Pteronotus alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1459,1533,1952,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="631" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(INPA 6942). Scale bar = 5 mm. INPA = Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[101,771,203,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,481,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
Diagnosis.—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[269,481,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">Pteronotus alitonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is diagnosed as a distinct species by several independent characters including acoustic, molecular, and morphological data, allowing its recognition in the field, laboratory, and in scientific collections. This species can be easily identified in the field by its echolocation calls emitted between 59 and 60 KHz.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[490,607,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[490,607,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been molecularly characterized, forming a cohesive mitochondrial clade diverging around 5% from its sister group, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1972" box="[101,262,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[101,262,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the polymorphic sites between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[650,771,683,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[650,771,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="COI" authorityName="COI" box="[152,367,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[152,367,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus COI</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
haplotypes are described in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[697,764,715,738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[101,136,1922,1943]" captionTargetBox="[117,1469,1650,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-940@8.[114,1475,1644,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6.—Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among observed haplotypes of Pteronotus rubiginosus and P. alitonus sp. nov. in the 651 bp fragment of COI gene analyzed. Four haplotypes of each species (P. rubiginosus: HAP1, 14, 16, 32; P. alitonus: HAP2, 3, 11, 12) are shown. Fixed SNPs between the most frequent haplotype of each species (HAP1 × HAP2) are highlighted in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845495/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
. Cranially,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[215,331,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[215,331,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by a unique combination of traits. It has a shorter rostrum, with nasals wider between the frontal and maxillary sutures, more convergent and slightly upturned at the distal part. The maxillary toothrow length (MxTL) is smaller than
|
||
<quantity box="[425,505,875,898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the IB/palatal length (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[109,143,907,930]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
) ratio is usually higher than 0.45. The foramina in the pterygoid canal vary from small to indistinct. The tips of upper outer incisors reach half or more of the height of upper inner incisors; they may be separated from the canines by a small gap (particularly noticeable in ventral view of the skull).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[101,771,203,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,656,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
Echolocation description.—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[439,656,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">Pteronotus alitonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has duty cycle signals consisting of a short upward frequency-modulated (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[109,150,1131,1154]" country="China" name="Department of Nature, Fujian Province Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">FM</collectionCode>
|
||
) initial component, followed by a long CF component and a short downward
|
||
<collectionCode box="[315,354,1163,1186]" country="China" name="Department of Nature, Fujian Province Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">FM</collectionCode>
|
||
terminal component (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[605,687,1163,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">CF-FM</collectionCode>
|
||
signal; Supplementary Data SD6). The signal has few or no harmonics and, when present, the 2nd harmonic is the most intense. The echolocation calls have an average FME of 59.2 kHz (58.4– 61.5 kHz) and signal duration of 24.8 ms (7.0–40.0 ms), with great overlap between the localities recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="634" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[101,771,203,1602]" lastBlockId="8.[819,1489,203,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
Morphological description and comparisons.—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">Pteronotus alitonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a medium-sized species of mustached bat, weighting between 20 and
|
||
<quantity box="[318,368,1419,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="g" value="26.0">26 g</quantity>
|
||
; the FL varies from
|
||
<quantity box="[587,766,1419,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.165" metricValueMax="6.45" metricValueMin="5.88" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="61.65" valueMax="64.5" valueMin="58.8">58.8 to 64.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the TL varies from
|
||
<quantity box="[386,581,1451,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.405" metricValueMax="2.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.17" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="24.049999999999997" valueMax="26.4" valueMin="21.7">21.7 to 26.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(López-Baucells et al. 2017; this study), usually overlapping with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(body mass =
|
||
<quantity box="[302,394,1515,1538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="g" value="29.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="23.0">23–35 g</quantity>
|
||
; FL =
|
||
<quantity box="[472,633,1515,1538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.34" metricValueMax="6.659999999999999" metricValueMin="6.02" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="63.4" valueMax="66.6" valueMin="60.2">60.2–66.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TL =
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.495" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="24.95" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="22.9">22.9– 27 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[208,324,1547,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,324,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles the remaining species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[207,311,1579,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phyllodia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,311,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Phyllodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in external morphological characters, such as the shape of the labio-nasal plate, nostrils, tragus, size of pinnae, and patterns of dorsal and ventral fur color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SMITH, J. D." box="[1355,1480,235,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref15067" refString="SMITH, J. D. 1972. Systematics of the chiropteran family Mormoopidae. Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 56: 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1972">Smith 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Simmons and Conway 2001). The pelage is dense and short (ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[867,934,299,322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), varying from light brown and pale brown to reddish. The rostral tubercle, a dermal projection present in the proximal part of the rostrum, above the nostrils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SMITH, J. D." box="[1355,1480,363,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref15067" refString="SMITH, J. D. 1972. Systematics of the chiropteran family Mormoopidae. Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 56: 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1972">Smith 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; character 89 of Simmons and Conway 2001), is wide and flattened, similar to a triangle in shape. The form of this structure in some individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1089,1172,459,482]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1184,1275,459,482]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
35518–35528) suggests that it somehow reflects the shape of nasal bones and, as such, it seems to be wider and more swollen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1314,1425,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1314,1425,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[958,1110,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[958,1110,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Supplementary Data SD7); nevertheless, a more detailed study on the variation of this character is necessary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[819,1489,203,1602]" lastBlockId="9.[144,814,1351,1982]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="633" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[982,1094,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1094,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a robust rostrum and a large and rounded braincase, as wide as half of the total length of the skull. Although similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1098,1248,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1098,1248,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is smaller (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1403,1481,715,738]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[168,224,203,224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2.—Measurements (mm) of the 2 external and 8 cranial variables collected from specimens of Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus according to the classification and mode of distribution established for morphometric analyses. For external measurements, mean values and sample sizes are presented. For cranial variables, samples sizes by sex (F = females; M = males; U = undetermined) and mean values (minimum–maximum range). BB = braincase breadth; GLS = greatest length of skull; IB = interorbital breadth; MdL = mandibular length; MdTL = mandibular toothrow length; MxTL = maxillary toothrow length; PL = palatal length; PW = palatal width." pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[819,899,747,770]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" captionTargetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-456@9.[233,1442,200,1094]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and exhibits a set of features that, in a combined analysis, is diagnostic for this new taxon. The nasal bones form a markedly concave area in the rostrum at the suture of the maxillary and frontal bones. Nasals also taper anteriorly, being wider in their proximal part, close to the maxillary-frontal suture, and narrower and slightly upturned in their anterior part, in the suture with pre-maxillary bones. Comparatively, the nasals in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more parallel and flattened throughout their extension (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,912,1003,1026]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" captionTargetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-456@9.[233,1442,200,1094]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
, Supplementary Data SD5). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1374,1488,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1374,1488,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a rectangular palate that differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1300,1451,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1300,1451,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for being shortened in its distal portion (from premolars to incisors). The
|
||
<collectionCode box="[868,899,1099,1122]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[935,1047,1099,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1047,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rarely exceeds
|
||
<quantity box="[1216,1311,1099,1122]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="10.2">10.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(4 out of the
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="generic">60 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
analyzed [7%]) and the MxTL is less than
|
||
<quantity box="[1399,1485,1131,1154]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[819,968,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[819,968,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, exhibits a longer rostrum: the
|
||
<collectionCode box="[819,850,1195,1218]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
equals or is larger than
|
||
<quantity box="[1100,1194,1195,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="10.3">10.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the MxTL is more than
|
||
<quantity box="[819,899,1227,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="9.8">9.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
for specimens in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1243,1354,1227,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1243,1354,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the interorbital region of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1090,1202,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1090,1202,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is wider than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the later exhibiting a more pronounced constriction (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[827,905,1323,1346]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[168,224,203,224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2.—Measurements (mm) of the 2 external and 8 cranial variables collected from specimens of Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus according to the classification and mode of distribution established for morphometric analyses. For external measurements, mean values and sample sizes are presented. For cranial variables, samples sizes by sex (F = females; M = males; U = undetermined) and mean values (minimum–maximum range). BB = braincase breadth; GLS = greatest length of skull; IB = interorbital breadth; MdL = mandibular length; MdTL = mandibular toothrow length; MxTL = maxillary toothrow length; PL = palatal length; PW = palatal width." pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Consequently, the estimated ratio between the IB and the
|
||
<collectionCode box="[858,889,1355,1378]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
(IB/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[938,971,1355,1378]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
) is higher in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1115,1226,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1115,1226,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean = 0.46 ± 0.0184) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[907,1062,1387,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,1062,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean = 0.43 ± 0.0148). Most of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[968,1081,1419,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1081,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(88%) show the IB/
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1302,1334,1419,1442]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
ratio equal or greater than 0.45, whereas 83% of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1259,1414,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1414,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens have ratios equal or below 0.44. The
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1269,1304,1483,1506]" country="0" name="Buffalo Bill Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">BB</collectionCode>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1338,1488,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1338,1488,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[826,1010,1515,1538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.079" metricValueMax="1.145" metricValueMin="1.013" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="10.79" valueMax="11.45" valueMin="10.13">10.13–11.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1288,1399,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1288,1399,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.069" metricValueMax="1.13" metricValueMin="1.008" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" unit="mm" value="10.69" valueMax="11.3" valueMin="10.08">10.08– 11.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
) but seems proportionally smaller because of the larger sizes exhibited by
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1080,1229,1579,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1080,1229,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ventrally, the pterygoid canal has a pair of foramina varying from almost indistinct perforations to small pits (less than 1/3 of the foramen ovale) in the new species; alternatively,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[466,617,1415,1438]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[466,617,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens exhibit a large pair of foramina, as large as half of the diameter of the foramen ovale (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[310,391,1479,1502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" captionTargetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-456@9.[233,1442,200,1094]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7845495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845495/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" startId="8.[101,136,1922,1943]" targetBox="[117,1469,1650,1903]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[101,1488,1922,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[101,165,1922,1943]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
—Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among observed haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[898,1122,1923,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,1122,1923,1944]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">Pteronotus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec, 2018" authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1170,1272,1923,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1170,1272,1923,1944]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1279,1354,1923,1944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the 651 bp fragment of
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,259,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene analyzed. Four haplotypes of each species (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": HAP" authorityName="HAP" box="[726,927,1952,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,861,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
: HAP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1, 14, 16, 32;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": HAP" authorityName="HAP" box="[1049,1212,1952,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1149,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="632">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
: HAP
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2, 3, 11, 12) are shown. Fixed SNPs between the most frequent haplotype of each species (HAP1 × HAP2) are highlighted in bold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" startId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" targetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[144,1532,1107,1275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[146,209,1107,1128]" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
—Comparison of the cranial morphology between
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[698,922,1108,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,922,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Pteronotus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNG 1978.083) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec, 2018" authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1160,1261,1108,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1160,1261,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1267,1342,1107,1128]" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[937,1073,1137,1158]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[937,1073,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1176,1276,1137,1158]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1176,1276,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[845,946,1196,1217]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[845,946,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[144,814,1351,1982]" lastBlockId="9.[861,1531,1351,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">
|
||
The dental formula is the same as for all other mormoopids, i 2/2 c 1/1 p 2/
|
||
<quantity box="[305,345,1543,1566]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
3/3 = 34. The inner (or central) upper incisors (I1) are bilobed and usually have less than twice the height of the outer (or lateral) incisors (I2); the I1 are proportionally larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[249,406,1639,1662]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,406,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,631,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[507,627,1639,1662]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">P. alitonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with more than twice the height of I2 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[387,467,1671,1694]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" captionTargetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-456@9.[233,1442,200,1094]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrally, this character is also noticeable, with the margins of the incisors usually forming a continuous arc in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[336,449,1735,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[336,449,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the margins of the incisors are steeply uneven in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[387,542,1767,1790]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,542,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[560,643,1767,1790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" captionTargetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-456@9.[233,1442,200,1094]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the central ones forwardly projected. A small gap separating the outer upper incisors from the canines is sometimes present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[280,340,1863,1886]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">INPA</collectionCode>
|
||
6942,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[423,504,1863,1886]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
1978.082,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[633,714,1863,1886]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
267851,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[144,204,1895,1918]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
|
||
106659) and is absent in all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The labial cingulum and the entire labial margin of the 1st upper premolar (P
|
||
<quantity box="[396,442,1959,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
homology—sensu Simmons and Conway 2001) in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1061,1176,1351,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1061,1176,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a concave and rounded profile (C-shaped), with deeper notches on the molar toothrow between the canine and the P3 and between the P4 and P3; by contrast, the labial cingulum of the P3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1304,1456,1447,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1304,1456,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a less concave, more open profile, with much less noticeable notches between P3 and the adjacent teeth. Moreover, the general shape of the P3 is usually different between species, being more rounded and narrow buccolabially in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1315,1426,1575,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1315,1426,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more elongated and long buccolabially in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1257,1411,1607,1630]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1257,1411,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The inner lower incisors are trilobed and larger than the outer bilobed incisors in both species but for some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1412,1524,1671,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1412,1524,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i1 and i2 crowns are not in contact. The 1st and 3rd lower premolars (p2 and p4) are large and have well-developed labial cingulids; in both species, the p3 is peg-like and compressed between the lingual edges of p2 and p4, although in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is usually larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[1207,1319,1831,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1207,1319,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[861,1531,1351,1982]" lastBlockId="10.[101,771,203,1474]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="634" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">
|
||
<emphasis box="[888,1158,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Additional comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
—We examined the cranial morphology of specimens of the geographically contiguous species
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[861,957,1927,1950]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[861,957,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and compared them with specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[951,1065,1959,1982]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[951,1065,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1134,1217,1959,1982]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="633">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
to provide a few insights on their differentiation.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[320,412,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[320,412,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has its easternmost distribution in the highlands of northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[427,510,235,258]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CLARE, E. L. & A. M. ADAMS & SIMoES, J. L. & EGER, P. D. & HEBERT, AND & M. B. FENTON" box="[525,702,235,258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" pagination="26" refId="ref13084" refString="CLARE, E. L., A. M. ADAMS, A. Z. MAYA- SIMoES, J. L. EGER, P. D. HEBERT, AND M. B. FENTON. 2013. Diversification and reproductive isolation: cryptic species in the only new world high-duty cycle bat, Pteronotus parnellii. bmc Evolutionary Biology 13: 26." type="journal article" year="2013">Clare et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), near the border with
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[275,387,267,290]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[496,650,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[496,650,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extend northward to central and southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[688,771,299,322]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[110,174,331,354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[101,136,1981,2002]" captionTargetBox="[344,1246,1139,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-500@2.[341,1248,1137,1968]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1.——Sampling localities of the common mustached bat (Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus) included in the present study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845484/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). So far, these 3 species have not been recorded at the same locality and, therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[427,524,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,524,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to have a parapatric distribution relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[491,646,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,646,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">P. alitonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In general, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[459,555,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[459,555,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a skull shape more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[275,428,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,428,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but size more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Supplementary Data SD8). Comparatively, the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[101,198,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[101,198,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrow and delicate rostrum; the nasal bones are parallel and flat.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[322,416,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,416,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[101,258,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[101,258,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the smaller size (greatest length of skull [GLS] =
|
||
<quantity box="[254,348,619,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" unit="mm" value="21.4">21.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
± 0.36; MxTL =
|
||
<quantity box="[532,625,619,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.33" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" unit="mm" value="9.33">9.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
± 0.2). When compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[247,362,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,362,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[532,628,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[532,628,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have noticeably narrower rostra, which are not slightly upturned in their anterior most part as for
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,498,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" box="[376,493,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">P. alitonus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The maxillary bones are less inflated in their suture with nasals; morphometrically, this feature is noticed by the greatest width across the molars (M2– M2), generally <8.0 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[405,498,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[405,498,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and>
|
||
<quantity box="[578,672,811,834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.18" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" unit="mm" value="8.18">8.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[224,310,843,866]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="634" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[101,771,203,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,307,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
—Little is known about the biology or behavior of this new species, but our data suggest that it forages preferentially in highly cluttered forested areas as there are no reports on the species occurrence in more open areas such as savannas or karstic regions in the Amazon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="634" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[101,771,203,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">
|
||
<emphasis box="[128,229,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
—As a consequence of the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colombo & Di Ponzio & Benchimol & Peres & Bobrowiec" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alitonus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. alitonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[179,337,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,337,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs to be redefined. In the present study, we described several morphological features that allow the identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[322,475,1131,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,475,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including quantitative and qualitative characters (see previous section; see also
|
||
<tableCitation box="[688,770,1163,1186]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[168,224,203,224]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2.—Measurements (mm) of the 2 external and 8 cranial variables collected from specimens of Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus according to the classification and mode of distribution established for morphometric analyses. For external measurements, mean values and sample sizes are presented. For cranial variables, samples sizes by sex (F = females; M = males; U = undetermined) and mean values (minimum–maximum range). BB = braincase breadth; GLS = greatest length of skull; IB = interorbital breadth; MdL = mandibular length; MdTL = mandibular toothrow length; MxTL = maxillary toothrow length; PL = palatal length; PW = palatal width." pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[146,207,1195,1218]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,181,1107,1128]" captionTargetBox="[234,1441,201,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-456@9.[233,1442,200,1094]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d’Histoire Naturelle – Genève." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7845497/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[229,381,1195,1218]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[229,381,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes of South America. The occurrence of this species has been confirmed by molecular data for
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[557,643,1259,1282]" name="Guyana" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[662,767,1259,1282]" name="Suriname" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, French Guiana, northern and central
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[533,598,1291,1314]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(and states of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[101,209,1323,1346]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[259,314,1323,1346]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Piauí</collectingRegion>
|
||
in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[484,553,1323,1346]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[615,693,1323,1346]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Pavan and Marroig 2016; A. C. Pavan, pers. obs.). There are also records of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[214,495,1387,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,330,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,495,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Amazonian regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[130,182,1419,1442]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[192,300,1419,1442]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[355,465,1419,1442]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="634">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
but the status of these populations need to be reviewed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |