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<document id="4E5DAFEBF90AC50BDC7E4B39B4FE7644" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad162" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14422258" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1734027253080" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moles, Juan, Brenzinger, Bastian, Berning, Maria I., Martynov, Alexander, TatianaKorshunova &amp; Schrödl, Michael" docDate="2024" docId="461DA55ADA08FFCD213DFF18C264EA89" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad162.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad162" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pleurobranchidae Gray 1827" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="BA24DD22DA0DFFC82034FF88C626EB48" masterDocTitle="Systematic rearrangements in an all-genus phylogeny of side-gilled slugs (Heterobranchia: Pleurobranchida)" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1734455528542" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="6295D108B8C2B3EBEF8407CCC515509A">Systematic rearrangements in an all-genus phylogeny of side-gilled slugs (Heterobranchia: Pleurobranchida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98DCF5DB8D286268206E0971C62BD1AD">Moles, Juan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F89F768B33C0F672E13E30DBCDCB8C97">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5A91491397C48361F74789F9F7AD8637">Brenzinger, Bastian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A6149224A279E4BF8F981EB5828CB3C">SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Section Mollusca, Münchhausenstrasse 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A29A14AC6849B44835D896ADB5262F1">Berning, Maria I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EF6EFE7FEE1D4F95A78F2BD4C8EE33C0">SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Section Mollusca, Münchhausenstrasse 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA55F49B94EF810C562B1AE653896E0E">Martynov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="596C6D0B15A7D9F929821372164C8D6E">Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83B897A9232099DD1AF7188F5DB30112">TatianaKorshunova</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8D2F2F188E9A4BC0E2790A8E283BF328">Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow 119334, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0C956BF7662BF140DE726EDFD0F12A55">Schrödl, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C5FDBC22544203500B964D5BA9E4DBCC">SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Section Mollusca, Münchhausenstrasse 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany &amp; Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilians University and GeoBio-Center LMU Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="40884217CC7E7620F1227B9EFF585047">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD213DFF18C445EBE2" bold="true" box="[265,611,144,170]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Systematics of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2190FF18C445EBE2" ID-CoL="7NKJS" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1827" box="[420,611,144,170]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pleurobranchidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE0B144CDA08FFCD2045FF3EC456E809" blockId="5.[112,764,144,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Although not supported in the ML and BI phylogenies,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045FF5EC700EBA6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1827" box="[113,294,214,238]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pleurobranchidae</taxonomicName>
is for the first time recovered as a clade in our analyses. All valid, representative genera within the family are for thefirsttimepresent, namely
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD21A6FE9CC407EA64" authorityName="Willan" authorityYear="1983" box="[402,545,276,300]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Bathyberthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD21A6FE9CC407EA64" box="[402,545,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bathyberthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD221DFE9CC4A7EA64" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" box="[553,641,276,300]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD221DFE9CC4A7EA64" box="[553,641,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD22BEFE9CC4D3EA64" authorityName="Gardiner" authorityYear="1936" box="[650,757,276,300]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD22BEFE9CC4D3EA64" box="[650,757,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045FEBCC6D8EA04" authorityName="Martynov &amp; Schrodl" authorityYear="2009" box="[113,254,308,332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Boreoberthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2045FEBCC6D8EA04" box="[113,254,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boreoberthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD213EFEBCC758EA04" authorityName="Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus" authorityYear="1970" box="[266,382,308,332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD213EFEBCC758EA04" box="[266,382,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurehdera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2182FEBCC496EA04" box="[438,688,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2182FEBCC469EA04" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[438,591,308,332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pleurobranchus</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD226CFEBCC496EA04" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" box="[600,688,308,332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Berthella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is consistently found paraphyletic and four clades classifiable as three different genera are recovered. Bearing that in mind, most genera are found monophyletic with maximum support, although how genera are related to each other is not always well supported.
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045FE58C6FAEAA0" authorityName="Gardiner" authorityYear="1936" box="[113,220,464,488]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2045FE58C6FAEAA0" box="[113,220,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthellina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recovered monophyletic with full support, the species
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD20AAFE78C7A4E940" authority="% Vayssiere" authorityName="Vayssiere" box="[158,386,496,520]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD20AAFE78C733E940" box="[158,277,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. edwardsii</emphasis>
(Vayssière
</taxonomicName>
, 1897) from the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic (94.3–99% identity) is the sister-group to the Indo-Pacific species. The latter group is composed of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD22ABFDA7C778E92D" authority="% Ruppell and Leuckart" authorityName="Ruppell and Leuckart" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="citrina">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD22ABFDA7C4DCE90E" box="[671,762,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. citrina</emphasis>
(Rüppell and Leuckart
</taxonomicName>
, 1828) from the Red Sea (100% identity),
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD209DFDE6C7C1E9CD" authority="% Quoy and Gaimard" authorityName="Quoy and Gaimard" box="[169,487,621,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD209DFDE6C731E9CD" box="[169,279,622,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. punctata</emphasis>
(Quoy and Gaimard
</taxonomicName>
, 1832) from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD225AFDE5C4E0E9CD" box="[622,710,621,645]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and a clade of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD20EDFD05C7A0E9EC" authority="% Pease" authorityName="Pease" box="[217,390,652,676]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD20EDFD05C719E9EC" box="[217,319,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. delicata</emphasis>
(Pease
</taxonomicName>
, 1861) species with probabl hidden speciation spanning from the Red Sea, the
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD2206FD23C4A9E98B" box="[562,655,683,707]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maldives</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD2295FD23C4CFE98C" box="[673,745,683,708]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), and Hawaii (90.7–93.6% identity). All
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2230FD43C750E84A" authority="Willan and Bertsch 1987" authorityName="Willan and Bertsch" authorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Bathyberthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2230FD43C4DCE9AB" box="[516,762,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bathyberthella antarctica</emphasis>
Willan and Bertsch 1987
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD21BDFD62C7F5E84A" box="[393,467,746,770]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
) specimens from across the Weddell Sea and the Scotia Arc conformed to a monophyletic clade (bs = 100, pp = 1) with a 95–100% identity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE0B144CDA08FFCD20B9FCC1C264EA89" blockId="5.[112,764,144,1961]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1460,144,450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
A clade containing
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2167FCC0C44DE828" authority="% Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" box="[339,619,840,864]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perforata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2167FCC0C42CE828" box="[339,522,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella perforata</emphasis>
(Philippi
</taxonomicName>
, 1844) specimens from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD20DEFCE0C731E8C8" box="[234,279,872,896]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Italy</collectingCountry>
(99.1–100% identity) and the
<typeStatus id="110FAAEEDA08FFCD226BFCE0C4ABE8C8" box="[607,653,872,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045FC0FC6EFE8D7" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" box="[113,201,903,927]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2045FC0FC6EFE8D7" box="[113,201,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD20E0FC00C78FE8D7" authority="% Montagu" authorityName="Montagu" box="[212,425,903,927]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plumula">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD20E0FC00C718E8D7" box="[212,318,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. plumula</emphasis>
(Montagu
</taxonomicName>
, 1803), with specimens from the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea (98.7–100% identity) was fully recovered only in the ML analysis (bs = 100). This clade also included
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD210CFC6EC401E8B5" authority="% Delle Chiaje" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" box="[312,551,997,1021]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD210CFC6EC7BAE8B5" box="[312,412,997,1021]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. ocellata</emphasis>
(Delle Chiaje
</taxonomicName>
, 1830) from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD2285FC6DC4DCE8B5" box="[689,762,997,1021]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD2048FB8CC6EDEF54" box="[124,203,1028,1052]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD20D3FB8DC7B2EF54" authority="Burn" authorityName="Burn" authorityYear="1962" box="[231,404,1028,1052]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="medietas">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD20D3FB8DC77CEF54" box="[231,346,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. medietas</emphasis>
Burn
</taxonomicName>
, 1962 from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD2216FB8CC45CEF54" box="[546,634,1028,1052]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD22BAFB8DC688EF74" authority="Loven" authorityName="Loven" authorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sideralis">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD22BAFB8DC4DCEF54" box="[654,762,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. sideralis</emphasis>
Lovén
</taxonomicName>
, 1846 from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD2104FBACC75AEF74" box="[304,380,1060,1084]" name="Sweden" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD218CFBACC472EF74" authority="% Bergh" authorityName="Bergh" box="[440,596,1060,1084]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platei">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD218CFBACC42FEF74" box="[440,521,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. platei</emphasis>
(Bergh
</taxonomicName>
, 1898) from
<quantity id="094CB9A9DA08FFCD22D4FBABC6A0EF12" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD20FBFBCBC721EF13" box="[207,263,1091,1115]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<quantity id="094CB9A9DA08FFCD210FFBCBC75BEF12" box="[315,381,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
depth in the
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD223CFBCBC488EF13" box="[520,686,1091,1115]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
(99.3– 99.5% identity). A second ‘
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD21B8FBEAC7CCEF32" box="[396,490,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella’</emphasis>
clade (bs = 99, pp = 1) is largely composed of the
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD215FFB0AC429EFD2" authority="% Risso" authorityName="Risso" box="[363,527,1154,1178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD215FFB0AC7ECEFD2" box="[363,458,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. stellata</emphasis>
(Risso
</taxonomicName>
, 1826) group agreeing to the recently recognized species in Ghanimi
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD227FFB2AC45CEFF1" box="[587,634,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b) yet adding some more complexity. The
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD21D6FB49C464EF90" box="[482,578,1216,1240]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD21D6FB49C464EF90" box="[482,578,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD2267FB48C4BEEF90" box="[595,664,1216,1240]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
) group is found in tropical and temperate waters from the Eastern Pacific, Caribbean, and Mediterranean seas, including
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD225FFA88C6EEEE7E" authority="Ghanimi" authorityName="Ghanimi" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="andromeda">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD225FFA88C4DDEE5F" box="[619,763,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. andromeda</emphasis>
Ghanimi
</taxonomicName>
, Schrödl, Goddard
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD21A1FA97C798EE7E" box="[405,446,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
., 2020,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD223AFA97C4D4EE7E" authority="% MacFarland" authorityName="MacFarland" box="[526,754,1310,1334]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="strongi">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD223AFA97C44FEE7E" box="[526,617,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. strongi</emphasis>
(MacFarland
</taxonomicName>
, 1966),
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD208EFAB6C785EE1E" authority="Ghanimi et al." authorityName="Ghanimi" box="[186,419,1342,1366]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD208EFAB6C732EE1E" box="[186,276,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. nebula</emphasis>
Ghanimi
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2143FAB6C7B9EE1E" box="[375,415,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
, 2020, and
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2223FAB6C6AEEE3D" authority="Ghanimi et al." authorityName="Ghanimi" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vialactea">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2223FAB6C4A0EE1E" box="[535,646,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. vialactea</emphasis>
Ghanimi
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD22DDFAB6C6A5EE3D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
, 2020. This latter group is sister to a Pacific one composed of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045FAF5C701EEDC" authority="% Pease" authorityName="Pease" box="[113,295,1404,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2045FAF5C6C7EEDC" box="[113,225,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. pellucida</emphasis>
(Pease
</taxonomicName>
, 1860) from Hawaii,
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2234FAF5C4A9EEDC" authorityName="Burn" authorityYear="1962" box="[512,655,1404,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="postrema">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2234FAF5C429EEDC" box="[512,527,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2202FAF5C4A9EEDC" box="[566,655,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">postrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD22FEFAF5C6F0EEFC" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, our newly sequenced
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD21F3FA14C7F0EEFB" box="[455,470,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
. cf.
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2234FA14C46DEEFC" box="[512,587,1436,1460]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellata">
‘
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2232FA14C46DEEFC" box="[518,587,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD22BBFA14C4E2EEFC" box="[655,708,1436,1460]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045FA33C408EE9B" authority="Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus" authorityName="Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus" box="[113,558,1467,1491]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haraldi">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2045FA33C709EE9B" box="[113,303,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurehdera haraldi</emphasis>
Ev.Marcus and Er.Marcus
</taxonomicName>
, 1970 from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD2293FA33C682EEBA" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Palmyra Atoll</collectingCountry>
in the middle of the Pacific. Since
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2234FA52C499EEBA" box="[512,703,1498,1522]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haraldi">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2234FA52C499EEBA" box="[512,703,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurehdera haraldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="110FAAEEDA08FFCD2045FA72C6B9ED5A" box="[113,159,1530,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
and only species of the genus and nests within this second ‘
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2043F991C6E9ED79" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" box="[119,207,1561,1585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2043F991C6E9ED79" box="[119,207,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ clade, we suggest transferring all the above-mentioned species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2166F9B0C7E0ED18" authorityName="Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus" authorityYear="1970" box="[338,454,1592,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2166F9B0C7E0ED18" box="[338,454,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurehdera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Interestingly, only in the BI analysis, a sister relationship between specimens belonging to
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2045F9FFC6EFEDC7" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" box="[113,201,1655,1679]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2045F9FFC6EFEDC7" box="[113,201,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7F37525DA08FFCD20FBF9F0C6CCEDC6" box="[207,234,1655,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD20FBF9F0C6C2EDC7" box="[207,228,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and the
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD210BF9FFC795EDC7" authorityName="Ev. Marcus &amp; Er. Marcus" authorityYear="1970" box="[319,435,1655,1679]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD210BF9FFC795EDC7" box="[319,435,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurehdera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade was recovered yet without full support (pp = 0.95). Sister to both
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2236F91FC446EDE6" box="[514,608,1686,1710]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurehdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2236F91FC446EDE6" box="[514,608,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Pacific group we found
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD211CF93EC7D3ED86" authority="% Pilsbry" authorityName="Pilsbry" box="[296,501,1718,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Tomoberthella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="martensi">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD211CF93EC7BAED85" box="[296,412,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. martensi</emphasis>
(Pilsbry
</taxonomicName>
, 1896), with specimens from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD209EF95DC723EDA5" box="[170,261,1749,1773]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
and the Pacific side of
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD21C2F95DC461EDA4" box="[502,583,1749,1772]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panama</collectingCountry>
(99.3% identity) and a likely hidden species from the
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD21DEF97CC461EC44" box="[490,583,1780,1804]" name="Maldives" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Maldives</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD226CF97DC441EC44" box="[600,615,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c.</emphasis>
85% identity) (
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD2048F89CC6EFEC64" box="[124,201,1812,1836]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). This clade deserves the erection of a new genus (see Systematic description). A fourth ‘
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD21DAF8BBC460EC03" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" box="[494,582,1843,1867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD21DAF8BBC460EC03" box="[494,582,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ clade (bs = 92, pp = 0.99) is composed of the North Pacific clade that includes specimens of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD2136F8FAC425ECC2" authority="% Dall" authorityName="Dall" box="[258,515,1906,1930]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD2136F8FAC7E1ECC2" box="[258,455,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella californica</emphasis>
(Dall
</taxonomicName>
, 1900) from California to
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD20BAF819C6FAECE1" box="[142,220,1937,1961]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="D8B2DFC5DA08FFCD20D9F819C7A1ECE1" box="[237,391,1937,1961]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD219FF819C5CEEBE0" authority="Martynov and Schrodl 2009" authorityName="Martynov and Schrodl" authorityYear="2009" box="[427,1000,144,1961]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Boreoberthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="augusta">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD219FF819C4AAECE1" box="[427,652,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boreoberthella augusta</emphasis>
Martynov and Schrödl 2009
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD23C8FF18C267EBE0" box="[1020,1089,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
) from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD24A6FF18C2EDEBEF" box="[1170,1227,144,167]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
(100% identity), and
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD231EFF27C266EB8F" authority="% J. Q. Burch" authorityName="J. Q. Burch" box="[810,1088,175,199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Berthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chacei">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD231EFF27C5EEEB8F" box="[810,968,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berthella chacei</emphasis>
(J.Q.Burch
</taxonomicName>
, 1944) from
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD24EFFF27C33DEB8F" box="[1243,1307,175,199]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD251AFF27C35FEB8F" box="[1326,1401,175,199]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Canada</collectingCountry>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="B6A354DCDA08FFCD2367FF47C5A2EBAF" box="[851,900,207,231]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
(99–99.7% identity). Given the present phylogenetic scenario and the morphological characters discussed below, we hence establish
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD23ECFE85C351EA6D" bold="true" box="[984,1399,269,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD23ECFE85C2C9EA6D" authorityName="Moles &amp; Brenzinger &amp; Berning &amp; Martynov &amp; TatianaKorshunova &amp; Schrödl" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Moles &amp; Brenzinger &amp; Berning &amp; Martynov &amp; TatianaKorshunova &amp; Schrödl" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[984,1263,269,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Boreoberthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="californica" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD23ECFE85C2C9EA6D" bold="true" box="[984,1263,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boreoberthella californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7F37525DA08FFCD24CEFE85C351EA6D" box="[1274,1399,269,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD25B9FE85C56FEA0D" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1K</figureCitation>
) and
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD23B7FEA4C2FAEA0D" bold="true" box="[899,1244,300,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD23B7FEA4C245EA0C" authorityName="Moles &amp; Brenzinger &amp; Berning &amp; Martynov &amp; TatianaKorshunova &amp; Schrödl" authorityYear="2024" box="[899,1123,300,324]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Boreoberthella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chacei" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD23B7FEA4C245EA0C" bold="true" box="[899,1123,300,324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Boreoberthella chacei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7F37525DA08FFCD2453FEA5C2FAEA0D" box="[1127,1244,301,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Finally, we recovered a monophyletic clade of
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD247EFEC4C31FEA2C" box="[1098,1337,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD247EFEC4C2C6EA2C" box="[1098,1248,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pleurobranchus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(bs = 100, pp = 1) (
<figureCitation id="568F08C9DA08FFCD23BFFEE3C5F4EACB" box="[907,978,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[198,1374,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Photographs of diverse species representative of all genera represented in this study, including voucher numbers in brackets.A, preserved specimen of Tomthompsonia antarctica (ZSM 20012260) ventral (V) and dorsal (D) side; B, live picture of Euselenops luniceps (ZSM 20141027); C, live picture of Pleurobranchaea meckeli; D, preserved specimen of Pleurobranchella nicobarica (ZSM 20141032) lateral (L) and dorsal (D) side; E, live picture of Berthellina delicata (MCZ 393775); F, live picture of Bathyberthella antarctica; G, live picture of Berthella ocellata; H, live picture of Tomoberthella martensi comb. nov. (MCZ 393762); I, live picture of Pleurehdera stellata comb. nov.; J, live picture of Boreoberthella augusta; K, live picture of Boreoberthella californica comb. nov.; L, live picture of Pleurobranchus testudinarius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14422260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14422260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
), containing the
<typeStatus id="110FAAEEDA08FFCD24B0FEE4C294EACC" box="[1156,1202,364,388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="09B46FCFDA08FFCD253CFEE4C38CEACB" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" box="[1288,1450,363,387]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleurobranchidae" genus="Pleurobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurobranchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="peronii">
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD253CFEE4C344EACB" box="[1288,1378,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. peronii</emphasis>
Cuvier
</taxonomicName>
, 1804 and mainly recovering the species groups already studied by Goodheart
<emphasis id="FCC0C85EDA08FFCD238BFE23C5CBEA8A" box="[959,1005,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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