257 lines
26 KiB
XML
257 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="F67D9FFB49CA4730EFF2C1F62053AC7D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7637fc8-5b90-4d42-97bd-bdf928cad05d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230379" ID-ZooBank="DBA35F5E-A827-45E2-8138-6AE2BE46142B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460465150865" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander, Reynolds, R. Graham & Burbrink, Frank T." docDate="2014" docId="03EF87BEFFB6FFA1FF17FC23FA8CF897" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03846p260.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3846 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Charinidae Gray 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FFD6FFC6FFB3FFA4FF80FF8DFF92FFB1" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="249" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1698304878711" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A4453761EA21A14282BB312A48699FD2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AE4FC36D5DB708425C0CA0E9B2D211A5">
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<mods:title id="99373BE2781B7C9A5573F4DA353714A5">A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EDAD9DFBE12EC5DC9FC5D6208A2F21C3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="139C35DB1D411DE6E535C265DC7C0794">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50C8A34A1A671BC3F4836743234AC411">Reynolds, R. Graham</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9AD456BE081C972EC6D61D25634B5D56" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="00C9BD09690EBBAF853128A6B1D0AB0E">Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="74E9FFD53761093D5D315515595176DE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="84FA90182E8142E6DB022DC1244A6713">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DA721B8BD0CBE6DB08E4E7C414C45297">
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<mods:date id="9D29DC7D988F2C4017F4951C2C29497E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FABC192B51DD602A6E2E9D5C47227086" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8159BCF2DDBCA30788A5A23A218E80FE">3846</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B985FF10FF3CE19A830E72526DA565AA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF87BEFFB6FFA1FF17FC23FA8CF897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87BEFFB6FFA1FF17FC23FA8CF897" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87BEFFB6FFA1FF17FC23FA8CF897" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB6FFA1FF17FC23FD9DFC79" box="[151,527,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF17FC23FD9DFC79" blockId="5.[151,527,942,968]" box="[151,527,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<heading id="D0B181C4FFB6FFA1FF17FC23FD9DFC79" bold="true" box="[151,527,942,968]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF17FC23FD9DFC79" bold="true" box="[151,527,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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Family
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FF76FC23FD9DFC79" ID-CoL="826" authority="Gray 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[246,527,942,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Charinidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FE0BFC23FD9DFC79" author="Gray" box="[395,527,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Newman, London, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray 1849</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB6FFA1FF17FC78FE4DFBE7" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF17FC78FD94FBBF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" box="[151,518,1013,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF17FC78FEB6FBBF" bold="true" box="[151,292,1013,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<typeStatus id="54FD880AFFB6FFA1FF17FC78FF40FBBF" box="[151,210,1013,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FEABFC78FD94FBBF" authority="Gray 1849" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[299,518,1013,1038]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FEABFC78FE1AFBBC" box="[299,392,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Charina</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FE0FFC7BFD94FBBF" author="Gray" box="[399,518,1014,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Newman, London, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray 1849</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF47FB94FE4DFBE7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF47FB94FEEBFB83" bold="true" box="[199,377,1049,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Genus content.</emphasis>
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Subfamily Charininae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FDFDFB97FD66FB83" author="Gray" box="[637,756,1050,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Newman, London, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray 1849</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FC84FB94FC71FB80" box="[772,995,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FC84FB94FCF6FB80" box="[772,868,1049,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Charina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FCEEFB94FC71FB80" box="[878,995,1049,1073]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lichanura</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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), subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FBF1FB94FF5DFBE7" authority="McDowell 1987" authorityName="McDowell" authorityYear="1987" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ungaliophiinae">
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Ungaliophiinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FAA4FB94FF5DFBE7" author="McDowell" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="McDowell, S. B. (1987) Systematics. In: Siegel, R. A., Collins, J. T. & Novak, S. S. (Eds.), Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Macmillan, Toronto, pp. 3 - 50." type="book chapter" year="1987">McDowell 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF5FFBB0FE45FBE4" box="[223,471,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FF5FFBB0FED3FBE4" box="[223,321,1085,1109]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Exiliboa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Exiliboa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FECCFBB0FE45FBE4" box="[332,471,1085,1109]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Ungaliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ungaliophis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB6FFA1FF47FBECFE2AF9B7" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF47FBECFA0FFAE3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF47FBECFED3FBCB" bold="true" box="[199,321,1121,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Charinids can be distinguished from all other similar or related taxa by the following combination of characters: in all species, a distinct lateral muscular bundle (M.) in the jaw known as the
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FB2BFB08FE6AFB70" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">adductor mandibulae externus medialis pars anterior</emphasis>
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(M.
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FDAEFB24FDF9FB70" box="[558,619,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">aem1</emphasis>
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of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FD10FB24FC86FB73" author="Zaher" box="[656,788,1193,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Zaher, H. (1994) Les Tropidopheoidea (Serpentes; Alethinophidea) sont-ils reellement monophyletiques? Arguments en faveur de leur polyphyleetisme. Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences, Serie III - Sciences de La Vie - Life Sciences, 317 (5), 471 - 478." type="journal article" year="1994">Zaher 1994</bibRefCitation>
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), with loss of the left lung and presence of a tracheal lung in
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FF33FB40FE80FB54" box="[179,274,1229,1253]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Exiliboa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF33FB40FE80FB54" box="[179,274,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Exiliboa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FEC8FB40FD0EFB57" authority="(Ungaliophiinae)" baseAuthorityName="Ungaliophiinae" box="[328,668,1229,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Ungaliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FEC8FB40FE41FB54" box="[328,467,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Ungaliophis</emphasis>
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(Ungaliophiinae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and in
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FD72FB40FCDDFB54" box="[754,847,1229,1253]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FD72FB40FCDDFB54" box="[754,847,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Charina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FC05FB40FB03FB57" authority="Charininae" authorityName="Charininae" box="[901,1169,1229,1254]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FC05FB40FC68FB54" box="[901,1018,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Lichanura</emphasis>
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(Charininae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, an M.
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<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FB64FB40FAB2FB54" box="[1252,1312,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">aem1</emphasis>
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comprised of elongated and undifferentiated fibers, as well as lack of a postorbital, anterior end of ectopterygoid narrow and pointed, crista circumfenestris small or absent between the fenestra pseudorotunda and foramen of the vagus cranial nerve, and coronoid absent on the prearticular portion of the compound bone (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FBFBFAB4FA93FAE3" author="Kluge" box="[1147,1281,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Kluge, A. G. (1993) Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 107, 293 - 351." type="journal article" year="1993">Kluge 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FA8CFAB4FA02FAE3" author="Zaher" box="[1292,1424,1337,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Zaher, H. (1994) Les Tropidopheoidea (Serpentes; Alethinophidea) sont-ils reellement monophyletiques? Arguments en faveur de leur polyphyleetisme. Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences, Serie III - Sciences de La Vie - Life Sciences, 317 (5), 471 - 478." type="journal article" year="1994">Zaher 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF47FAD0FE2AF9B7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
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||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF47FAD0FE70FAC7" bold="true" box="[199,482,1373,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
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Includes the MRCA of included
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FCE1FAD0FC2CFAC4" box="[865,958,1373,1397]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FCE1FAD0FC2CFAC4" box="[865,958,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Charina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FC78FAD0FA96FAC7" authority="Charininae" authorityName="Charininae" box="[1016,1284,1373,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Lichanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FC78FAD0FBFFFAC4" box="[1016,1133,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Lichanura</emphasis>
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||
(Charininae)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FABDFAD0FA0EFAC4" box="[1341,1436,1373,1397]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Exiliboa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FABDFAD0FA0EFAC4" box="[1341,1436,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Exiliboa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FF47FA0CFD8BFA2B" authority="(Ungaliophiinae)" baseAuthorityName="Ungaliophiinae" box="[199,537,1409,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Ungaliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF47FA0CFEC0FA28" box="[199,338,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Ungaliophis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ungaliophiinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to
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||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FA98FA0CFA0EFA28" box="[1304,1436,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Cha.
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FAD6FA0CFA0EFA28" box="[1366,1436,1409,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">bottae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FF7BFA2BFE20FA0C" box="[251,434,1446,1469]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Boa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constrictor">
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||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF7BFA2BFE20FA0C" box="[251,434,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Boa constrictor</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(stem of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FDB5FA28FD26FA0F" box="[565,692,1445,1470]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Charinidae</taxonomicName>
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), all species more closely related to
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FB02FA28FA9FFA0C" box="[1154,1293,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Cha.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FB47FA28FA9FFA0C" box="[1223,1293,1445,1469]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">bottae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FA01FA2BFEBAFA50" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Ungaliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="continentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FA01FA2BFEBAFA50" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">U. continentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(stem of Charininae), and all species more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FC7AFA47FB23FA50" box="[1018,1201,1481,1505]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Ungaliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="continentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FC7AFA47FB23FA50" box="[1018,1201,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">U. continentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FA96FA44FA0EFA50" box="[1302,1436,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Cha.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FAD6FA44FA0EFA50" box="[1366,1436,1481,1505]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Charina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bottae">bottae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(stem of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FF7AFA60FE3EF9B7" box="[250,428,1517,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ungaliophiinae">Ungaliophiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB6FFA1FF47F99CFC3DF99B" box="[199,943,1553,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF47F99CFC3DF99B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" box="[199,943,1553,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF47F99CFEDCF99B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1553,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FD8CF99CFDF4F998" box="[524,614,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">charieis</emphasis>
|
||
for ‘graceful’ or ‘delightful.’
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB6FFA1FF47F9B8FE48F927" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF47F9B8FE48F927" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF47F9B8FEF2F9FF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1589,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
North and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FDDDF9B8FD52F9FF" box="[605,704,1589,1614]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FC3FF9B8FB84F9FF" box="[959,1046,1589,1614]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FB45F9B8FAF1F9FF" box="[1221,1379,1589,1614]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FEB0F9D4FE14F9C3" box="[304,390,1625,1650]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
for Charininae, and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FC86F9D4FCCCF9C3" box="[774,862,1625,1650]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FC43F9D4FBB4F9C3" box="[963,1062,1625,1650]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and extreme northwestern South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517638FFB6FFA1FF17F9F0FF65F927" box="[151,247,1661,1686]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2BFFB6FFA1FEA6F9F0FE45F927" box="[294,471,1661,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ungaliophiinae">Ungaliophiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C6523FFB6FFA1FF17F92CFA8CF897" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936A8FFB6FFA1FF17F92CFA8CF897" blockId="5.[151,1437,1013,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF17F92CFE99F90B" bold="true" box="[151,267,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This group has had a turbulent taxonomic history, as many morphological characters are poorly known and apparently exhibit strong convergence (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FD40F948FCD8F96F" author="Kluge" box="[704,842,1733,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Kluge, A. G. (1991) Boine snake phylogeny and research cycles. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, 178, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1991">Kluge 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FCD9F948FC4DF96F" author="Zaher" box="[857,991,1733,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Zaher, H. (1994) Les Tropidopheoidea (Serpentes; Alethinophidea) sont-ils reellement monophyletiques? Arguments en faveur de leur polyphyleetisme. Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences, Serie III - Sciences de La Vie - Life Sciences, 317 (5), 471 - 478." type="journal article" year="1994">Zaher 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FC6EF948FB59F96F" author="Wilcox" box="[1006,1227,1733,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Wilcox, T. P., Zwickl, D. J., Heath, T. A. & Hillis, D. M. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25, 361 - 371. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 1055 - 7903 (02) 00244 - 0" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Wilcox
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FBC9F94BFB16F96C" box="[1097,1156,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, recent molecular results are unambiguous in supporting the monophyly of this group and uniting it with Booidea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FAC9F964FE83F897" author="Wilcox" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Wilcox, T. P., Zwickl, D. J., Heath, T. A. & Hillis, D. M. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25, 361 - 371. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 1055 - 7903 (02) 00244 - 0" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Wilcox
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FF17F883FF5DF894" box="[151,207,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FE9CF883FDE5F897" author="Noonan" box="[284,631,1805,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Noonan, B. P. & Chippindale, P. T. (2006) Dispersal and vicariance: the complex evolutionary history of boid snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40, 347 - 358. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.03.010" type="journal article" year="2006">Noonan and Chippindale 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wiens
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FD50F883FC9AF894" box="[720,776,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FCD5F883FB8BF897" author="Pyron" box="[853,1049,1805,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Pyron, R. A., Burbrink, F. T. & Wiens, J. J. (2013) A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 93. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 93" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FC1FF883FC4AF894" box="[927,984,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B59FFB6FFA1FBA5F880FA80F897" author="Reynolds" box="[1061,1298,1805,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="254" refString="Reynolds, R. G., Niemiler, M. L. & Revell, L. J. (2014) Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: multi locus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71, 201 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.11.011" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Reynolds
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EABAFFB6FFA1FB16F883FB5CF894" box="[1174,1230,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |