233 lines
20 KiB
XML
233 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-219-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C26BAFC2E95D56AFAD717E77EA719FFD" ModsDocID="1314-2003-219-1" checkinTime="1674137022424" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tan, Wei Harn, Ong, Lisa & Strijk, Joeri Sergej" docDate="2023" docId="F867F3B725475411A4BF96E2307C8855" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 219: 1-10" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 219" docPubDate="2023-01-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991" docTitle="Castanopsis corallocarpus W. H. Tan & Strijk 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="C26BAFC2E95D56AFAD717E77EA719FFD" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C26BAFC2E95D56AFAD717E77EA719FFD" masterDocTitle="Castanopsis corallocarpus (Fagaceae), a new species from Royal Belum (Perak) in Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1674137022424" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Castanopsis corallocarpus (Fagaceae), a new species from Royal Belum (Perak) in Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tan, Wei Harn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0971-7820</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Subang Jaya, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China & School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia & Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">weiharn.tan@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ong, Lisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-5367</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam & School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Strijk, Joeri Sergej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1109-7015</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam & Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, 06000 Luang Prabang, Laos</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>219</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-219-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C26BAFC2E95D56AFAD717E77EA719FFD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F867F3B725475411A4BF96E2307C8855" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F867F3B725475411A4BF96E2307C8855" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F867F3B7-2547-5411-A4BF-96E2307C8855" authority="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityName="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus" status="sp. nov.">Castanopsis corallocarpus W.H.Tan & Strijk</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Castanopsis corallocarpus W. H. Tan & Strijk, sp. nov. W. H. Tan TWH 002 (KEP) A fresh fruit from field collection B leaves and twigs from field collection C bark and sapwood D fresh nut - top view, side view, front view E young emerging leaf F mature fruit with splitting valves on the cupule - front view, top view G petiole H fresh mature - side view, front view, top view I young infructescence spike. All pictures by W. H. Tan and J. S. Strijk." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Castanopsis corallocarpus W. H. Tan & Strijk, sp. nov. W. H. Tan TWH 002 (KEP) A habit B young infructescence spike C close-up of coral-like spine D mature nuts-bottom, top view and fruits-bottom, top and side view. Illustration by L. Ong." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Malaysia, Sungai Tiang, Royal Belum State Park, Hulu Perak District, Perak State, elevation 417 m, 11 January 2022,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.H. Tan TWH002</emphasis>
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, Holotype: KEP; Isotypes: IBER [IBER00000000030; IBER00000000031].
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Malaysia, Sungai Papan, Royal Belum State Park, Hulu Perak District, Perak State, elevation 290 m,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.H. Tan TWH003</emphasis>
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, Paratype: KEP; IBER [IBER00000000032, IBER00000000033]. Due to the small number of individuals and precarious conservation status, detailed locality information is not released here, but can be requested from the authors.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis corallocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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W.H.Tan & Strijk, sp. nov.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.H.Tan TWH002</emphasis>
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(KEP)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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fresh fruit from field collection
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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leaves and twigs from field collection
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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bark and sapwood
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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fresh nut - top view, side view, front view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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young emerging leaf
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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mature fruit with splitting valves on the cupule - front view, top view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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petiole
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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fresh mature - side view, front view, top view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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young infructescence spike. All pictures by W.H.Tan and J.S.Strijk.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis corallocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a medium-sized tree. It differs from similar species by its fruits which carry unique rows of basally reinforced, blunt coral-like spines on the cupule exterior, combined with singular rounded rectangular nuts which are slightly asymmetric. Currently, the species has been found in two localities, both in Royal Belum State Park and each consisting of one individual. Several additional individuals resembling
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. corallocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were reported by our field staff in Temenggor Forest Reserve, Perak, but this is awaiting confirmation. Pending further discoveries, the species appears to be locally restricted to low-mid elevation forests of the BTFC.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis corallocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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W.H.Tan & Strijk, sp. nov.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.H.Tan TWH002</emphasis>
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(KEP)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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young infructescence spike
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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close-up of coral-like spine
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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mature nuts-bottom, top view and fruits-bottom, top and side view. Illustration by L. Ong.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Medium size tree, approximately 16-20 m tall, no buttresses.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bark</emphasis>
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lenticellate grey. Sapwood reddish-brown to pink.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Branches</emphasis>
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glabrous, densely lenticellate, dark-brown to grey-white.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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simple, thin-coriaceous, papery when dried, lamina elliptic, up to (11)13-17(19)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2)3.5-5(6) cm. Leaf apex acuminate; base cuneate, occasionally somewhat asymmetric. Margin entire. Both surfaces glabrous. Leaves dark green above and glaucous below. New shoots exhibit flushing.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venation</emphasis>
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pinnately veined, secondary venation eucamptodromous. Pairs of secondary veins 9-10(11), raised on underside of leaf. Tertiary veins scalariform, but scarcely visible on underside.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male and female inflorescences</emphasis>
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not seen.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peduncles</emphasis>
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7-11 cm long, up to 0.4 cm in diam. at the base, glabrescent, grey-brown and densely lenticellate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Infructescence</emphasis>
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a woody spike, terminal, ranging from 9-10 cm. Fruits sessile on woody peduncle, spread out on spike and not clumped. Very few fruits make it to maturity, with typically 1-3 units fully ripening.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acorn</emphasis>
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globose or ovoid when developing, globose when mature, 3.3-3.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.7-3.3 cm, covered with 4-5 eccentric ridges with blunt thick coral-like spines, originating from the style scar looping towards the suture that runs along the spine of the fruit, surface puberulous. Cupule fully enclosing the nut, mostly indehiscent, but occasionally dehiscent, exposing exocarp area. Fresh cupule wall bright green, suture dark grey-black. Old cupule grey-green, darker on the surface lighter on the spines.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nut</emphasis>
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1 in each cupule, oblong in shape, flat at the bottom, 2.5-2.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.3-2.4 cm, tip pointing down. Up to 90% of the surface area of the nut comprising scar area (receptacle tissue) and up to 10% of the surface area of the nut is slightly raised and made up of vestigial exocarp layer. Nut scar pale brown-whitish with glabrous, rugose surface, adnate to the cupule, exocarp layer light brown, covered in thin layer of silvery tomentum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting occur annually, with flowers appearing in March and fruits maturing in July to August. Sporadic fruiting was observed in November and December 2021.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution, habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis corallocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from the Belum-Temenggor Forest Complex, Hulu Perak District, Perak, Malaysia. Within BTFC, this species has been officially recorded in Sungai Tiang and Sungai Papan as shown in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Collections sites of Castanopsis corallocarpus W. H. Tan & Strijk in Belum-Temenggor Forest Complex." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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. This species grows in both lowland and hillside dipterocarp forests (300-450 m above sea level) with a soil type of low nutrient and high clay abundance typical of most dipterocarp forest. As Peninsular Malaysia is situated near the Equator, the climate is classified as wet equatorial, characterised by high daytime temperature and high rainfall throughout the year. According to The
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<bibRefCitation author="Li, R" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.met.gov.my/en/pendidikan/iklim-malaysia/" refId="B9" refString="2022. . https://www.met.gov.my/en/pendidikan/iklim-malaysia/" url="https://www.met.gov.my/en/pendidikan/iklim-malaysia/" year="2022">Malaysian Meteorological Department (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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, the District of Hulu Perak experiences an average rainfall of 1500-2000 mm annually and the daytime temperature is around 27-30 °C and 21-24 °C at night with very minimal fluctuations seasonally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.95991.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/796279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Collections sites of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. H. Tan & Strijk" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis corallocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallocarpus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis corallocarpus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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W.H.Tan & Strijk in Belum-Temenggor Forest Complex.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular name">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Both indigenous communities of BTFC (i.e. the Jahai and Temiar) do not have a specific name in their language, instead referring to it in Malay as
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berangan</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The epithet
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">corallocarpus</emphasis>
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, a noun in apposition, alludes to thick coral-like spikes arranged in undulating thickened ridges on cupule of fruit.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on the guidelines established by the IUCN Red List (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoang, TS" journalOrPublisher="Annales Botanici Fennici" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B6" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
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), we provide an initial assessment of the species here as Critically Endangered (CR B1B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)), based on only two recorded individuals within Royal Belum State Park, small known range (BTFC) and the extensive habitat alteration and forest clearance throughout the immediately adjacent wider region. Although Royal Belum State Park is fully protected from logging, the southern part of BTFC namely Temenggor Forest Reserve is open to exploitation, further threatening to shrink its already small range.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |