232 lines
27 KiB
XML
232 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="5DDD336FB7186E1C9470F7B96A75573C" ID-CLB-Dataset="54359" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95f4a28d-f058-4cb0-9ad3-bf8652c3ed04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7888156" ID-ZooBank="F60E9DF7-6E56-449E-B6D8-4069D4F9D1D0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682928899127" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2023" docId="F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5274.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5274 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cardiocondyla elegans var. dalmatica Soudek 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="047F476C407E9C5FFF8E6709FF89A80D" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1699493006202" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C808571D0887E1337FE37FBDE550B0F8">A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E1333937C4376F1B2F3688F3F321B60">Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="120085D815650158EBE882349689209D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E530B80CAD238DF8562256353A6677D7">
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<mods:date id="3B702BC0D4A1BC34AFB1A795E3A7CCEC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64FBC0EC00BDCDCC87E5CB7EC530FC7F">2023-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C6259C9EB00A7D10DC8A9EF748A04A3D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7893239" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209580617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7893239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940629C43FF1965C0FC34AAE9" box="[151,957,713,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240629C43FF1965C0FC34AAE9" blockId="28.[151,1437,713,1028]" box="[151,957,713,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="2B18396E40629C43FF1965C0FC34AAE9" box="[151,957,713,740]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140629C43FF1965C0FD55AAE9" ID-CoL="5G7QW" authority="Soudek 1925" authorityName="Soudek" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,732,713,740]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="elegans" variety="dalmatica">
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FF1965C0FE12AAEE" box="[151,411,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cardiocondyla elegans</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FE5C65C0FDCBAAEE" box="[466,578,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">dalmatica</emphasis>
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Soudek 1925
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A040629C43FD6765C3FC95AAE9" box="[745,796,714,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
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investigation]
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940629C43FF1965E4FECFAD4A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240629C43FF1965E4FC97AC0E" blockId="28.[151,1437,713,1028]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<materialsCitation id="C087845F40629C43FF1965E4FC93AC0E" collectingDate="1922-07" collectionCode="ZIPAS, LDA" collectorName="Dr. Soudek" country="Serbia" county="Basel" location="This" municipality="Investigated" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<location id="7530D8D940629C43FF1965E4FF40AB0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18:7530D8D940629C43FF1965E4FF40AB0A" box="[151,201,749,775]" country="Serbia" county="Basel" municipality="Investigated" name="This" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">This</location>
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taxon has been described from the
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<location id="7530D8D940629C43FDE065E4FC87AB05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18:7530D8D940629C43FDE065E4FC87AB05" box="[622,782,749,776]" country="Serbia" county="Basel" municipality="Investigated" name="Gulf of Kotor" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gulf of Kotor</location>
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/
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FCA565E7FC31AB05" box="[811,952,750,776]" name="Serbia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="9034147840629C43FC4B65E4FBC7AB0A" box="[965,1102,749,775]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Investigated</collectingMunicipality>
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was
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B40629C43FB0065E7FA99AB0A" box="[1166,1296,749,776]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="worker">one worker</specimenCount>
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from NHM
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<collectingCounty id="9931F68E40629C43FF196418FF51AB26" box="[151,216,785,811]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Basel</collectingCounty>
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, labelled “Boka Kotorska, Dalmacia, 1923,
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD440629C43FD54641BFCD7AB26" box="[730,862,785,812]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dr. Soudek</collectorName>
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” and
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B40629C43FC2B641BFBAFAB26" box="[933,1062,785,812]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="worker">one worker</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectionCode id="16FE16C740629C43FBFC6418FB34AB26" box="[1138,1213,785,811]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">ZIPAS</collectionCode>
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Warszawa labelled “Boka Kotor, Igalo
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<date id="0451A8C240629C43FEF5643FFE6EAB42" box="[379,487,821,848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1922-07">
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<collectingDate id="1415512A40629C43FEF5643FFE6EAB42" box="[379,487,821,848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1922-07">VII 1922</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD440629C43FE7A643CFDF8AB42" box="[500,625,821,847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dr.Soudek</collectorName>
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”. Both specimens are most similar in morphology and are allocated to the
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<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140629C43FF4A6450FEBDAB7E" authorityName="Soudek" authorityYear="1925" box="[196,308,857,883]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FF4A6450FEBDAB7E" box="[196,308,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">dalmatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cluster in a wild-card run of the
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<collectionCode id="16FE16C740629C43FD316453FD7EAB79" box="[703,759,858,884]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">LDA</collectionCode>
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mentioned above with p = 1.0000 (specimen from “Boka Kotorska”) and p = 0.9961 (specimen from “Boka Kotor, Igalo”). The original description of Soudek (1925) does not give collecting dates and only reports of a single colony found “at Erceg Novi (Castelnuovo) in the Gulf of Kotor”. As the locality Igalo is a part of the town Herceg Novi, the specimen from this locality is better attributable to Soudek’s statements and is fixed herewith as
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<typeStatus id="AF5430A040629C43FD3E64E0FC93AC0E" box="[688,794,1001,1027]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70508E0240629C43FF196338FA99AC9E" blockId="28.[151,1437,1073,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FF196338FE2CAC46" bold="true" box="[151,421,1073,1099]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">All material examined</emphasis>
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. Numeric phenotypical data were available in 32 samples (largely nest samples) with
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<specimenCount id="66E9458B40629C43FA0E6338FF7CAC62" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="worker">72 workers</specimenCount>
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. For details see supplementary information SI1, SI2. This material originated from
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FB37635CFA9BAC62" box="[1209,1298,1109,1135]" name="Albania" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Albania</collectingCountry>
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(1 sample),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FF196370FF7EAC9E" box="[151,247,1145,1171]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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(5),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FEA36370FEF7AC9E" box="[301,382,1145,1171]" name="Cyprus" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
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(1),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FE3A6370FD8AAC9E" box="[436,515,1145,1171]" name="Greece" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Greece</collectingCountry>
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(15),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FDC96373FD20AC99" box="[583,681,1146,1172]" name="Hungary" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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(2),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FD506373FC82AC99" box="[734,779,1146,1172]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(1),
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FCCF6370FCFDAC9E" box="[833,884,1145,1171]" name="Italy" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(1); Montenegro (2) and
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FB1F6370FB68AC9E" box="[1169,1249,1145,1171]" name="Turkey" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(4).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70508E0240629C43FF196394FECFAD4A" blockId="28.[151,1437,1073,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FF196394FEE5ACBA" bold="true" box="[151,364,1181,1207]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Geographic range</emphasis>
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.
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD440629C43FEF76397FE47ACB5" box="[377,462,1182,1208]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">From N</collectorName>
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FE5A6394FD8EACBA" box="[468,519,1181,1207]" name="Italy" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(8.6°E), across the whole
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD440629C43FCAB6394FC0BACBA" box="[805,898,1181,1207]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Balkans</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FC026394FC54ACBA" box="[908,989,1181,1207]" name="Cyprus" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
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and Asia Minor east to the
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FA8D6397FAB9ACB5" box="[1283,1328,1182,1208]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(52.7°E).
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<location id="7530D8D940629C43FF1963C8FF4AACD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18:7530D8D940629C43FF1963C8FF4AACD6" box="[151,195,1217,1243]" country="Italy" latitude="47.78" longLatPrecision="669" longitude="16.84" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">The</location>
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northern range border is demarcated by 47. 78°N and 16.84°E in
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FC2C63C8FC7DACD6" box="[930,1012,1217,1243]" name="Austria" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Austria</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="147EF3F340629C43FB8D63C8FB41ACD6" author="Zettel, H. & Laciny, A. & Wiesbauer, H." box="[1027,1224,1217,1243]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="59 - 66" refId="ref44308" refString="Zettel, H., Laciny, A. & Wiesbauer, H. (2021) First record of Cardiocondyla dalmatica Soudek, 1925 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Austria. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 73, 59 - 66." type="journal article" year="2021">
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Zettel
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FBC363CBFB0FACD6" box="[1101,1158,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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), 47.83°N 18.83°E in
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FF3A63ECFE9FACF2" box="[180,278,1253,1279]" name="Slovakia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="147EF3F340629C43FEAA63ECFDA6ACF2" author="Bezdecka, P. & Tetal, I." box="[292,559,1253,1279]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="339 - 342" refId="ref42612" refString="Bezdecka, P. & Tetal, I. (2013) Cardiocondyla elegans Emery, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - novy mravenec pro Slovensko. Folia faunistica Slovaca, 18 (3), 339 - 342." type="journal article" year="2013">Bezdecka & Tetal 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) and 48.07°N, 19.29°E in
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FCD963EFFC32AD0D" box="[855,955,1254,1280]" name="Hungary" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectorName id="DD1AEBD440629C43FC4A63ECFBD3AD0D" box="[964,1114,1253,1280]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">All European</collectorName>
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sites are below
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<quantity id="B71723E740629C43FA8063ECFADCAD0D" box="[1294,1365,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="600.0">
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<elevation id="FBC2693140629C43FA8063ECFADCAD0D" box="[1294,1365,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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but in the
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<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240629C43FF4F6203FF67AD29" box="[193,238,1290,1316]" name="Iran" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Iran</collectingCountry>
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it ascends to
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<quantity id="B71723E740629C43FE046200FE69AD29" box="[394,480,1289,1316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1700.0">
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||
<elevation id="FBC2693140629C43FE046200FE69AD29" box="[394,480,1289,1316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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(29.76°N, 52.70°E).
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<location id="7530D8D940629C43FD5F6200FD74AD2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8463F1440629C42FF1965C0FD2DAB18:7530D8D940629C43FD5F6200FD74AD2E" box="[721,765,1289,1315]" country="Hungary" latitude="29.76" longLatPrecision="735" longitude="52.7" municipality="May - Aug" name="The" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">The</location>
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mean air temperature
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<collectingMunicipality id="9034147840629C43FC726203FBE7AD29" box="[1020,1134,1290,1316]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">May–Aug</collectingMunicipality>
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of 29 sites is 22.23 ± 2.12 [18.7, 25.8] °C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940629C42FF196258FEB6A94D" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="70508E0240629C43FF196258FC7AAFFE" blockId="28.[151,1437,1073,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FF196258FE83AD66" bold="true" box="[151,266,1361,1387]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: --Worker (
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D6DBBB940629C43FE046258FE47AD66" box="[394,462,1361,1387]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="31.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of workers of the Cardiocondyla elegans group. Data are given in the sequence arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]. For characters with fewer data than indicated in the head of the columns, the number of measurements is given after the square brackets." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2490DE8A40619C40FF16679EFC98A8FA" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="2490DE8A40619C40FF16679EFC98A8FA">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8D4928740629C43FE546258FDD6AD66" box="[474,607,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,1129,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[247,1341,1129,1950]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Cardiocondyla dalmatica, Fig. 10: head in dorsal view; Fig. 11: lateral view; Fig. 12: dorsal view; Fig. 13: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Hungary: Balassagyarmat, 2007.06.31" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 10–13</figureCitation>
|
||
, key; pictures CASENT0179878,ANTWEB
|
||
<quantity id="B71723E740629C43FBC06258FB40AD66" box="[1102,1225,1361,1388]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.64503154" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="1041351.0">1041351 in</quantity>
|
||
www.antweb.org). Relatively large, CS 554 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.156. Postocular distance low, PoOc/CL 0.399. Scape long, SL/CS 0.855. Eye rather large, EYE/CS 0.247, with notable microsetae. Occipital margin suggestively concave to straight. Frons rather broad (FRS/CS 0.258), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.045). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a rather deep metanotal depression (MGr/CS 3.90 %). Spines rather short and acute (SP/CS 0.109), their axis in profile deviating by about 35° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases rather distant (SPBA/CS 0.262). Petiole narrower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140629C43FA0D6123FF64AE6A" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040629C43FA0D6123FF64AE6A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and slightly higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.313, PeH/CS 0.329); in profile with a moderately long peduncle and a steep anterior slope of the node (about 65° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole rather wide and moderately high (PpW/CS 0.562, PpH/CS 0.298), in dorsal view suggestively heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite convex. Head in overall impression mildly shiny. Whole vertex with shallow, feebly bicoronate foveolae of 16–18 µm diameter, foveolar distance on paramedian vertex smaller than foveolar diameter, near to eyes larger; the interspaces between foveolae shiny and in places with fragments of a very delicate microreticulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8D4928740629C43FED6602CFE38AF32" box="[344,433,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[247,1341,1129,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[247,1341,1129,1950]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Cardiocondyla dalmatica, Fig. 10: head in dorsal view; Fig. 11: lateral view; Fig. 12: dorsal view; Fig. 13: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Hungary: Balassagyarmat, 2007.06.31" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7888204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7888204/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesosoma shiny, with weakly developed microreticulum and microrugulae, a large number of foveolae present on dorsal promesonotum, their distance approximately equal to their diameter. Dorsal propodeum glabrous but with small foveolae and a very delicate microrugosity. Dorsum of waist glabrous, with scattered fragments of very fine microreticular structures. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body long and dense, PLG/CS 7.57 %, sqPDG 4.09. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster usually homogenously dark to medium brown; mandibles, scape, tibiae and tarsae yellowish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240639C42FF19679FFEB6A94D" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040639C42FF19679FFD20A8BD" bold="true" box="[151,681,150,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taxonomic comments and clustering results</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140639C42FD36679FFC51A8BD" authorityName="Soudek" authorityYear="1925" box="[696,984,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dalmatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040639C42FD36679FFC51A8BD" box="[696,984,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cardiocondyla dalmatica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an eastern, parapatric sibling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140639C42FF3967B2FEB9A8D9" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1869" box="[183,304,186,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040639C42FF3967B2FEB9A8D9" box="[183,304,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a sympatric occurrence, as far as known, only in N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240639C42FC4B67B3FC73A8D9" box="[965,1018,186,212]" name="Italy" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Both species are in basic shape and surface structure extremely similar but there are significant differences in PeW, SL, MGr and PpW (
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D6DBBB940639C42FA9767D7FADEA8F4" box="[1305,1367,222,249]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="31.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of workers of the Cardiocondyla elegans group. Data are given in the sequence arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]. For characters with fewer data than indicated in the head of the columns, the number of measurements is given after the square brackets." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2490DE8A40619C40FF16679EFC98A8FA" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" tableUuid="2490DE8A40619C40FF16679EFC98A8FA">Tab1</tableCitation>
|
||
.). The clear separation of both species by exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses is reported in the previous section (p. 29).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38F5DD8940639C42FF196643FD2DAB18" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="70508E0240639C42FF196643FD2DAB18" blockId="29.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040639C42FF196643FF7EA969" bold="true" box="[151,247,330,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
A strongly thermophilous species. Natural habitats are open riverine or coastal sand-gravel banks, dunes and solonchaks with very sparse herb layer. There is a considerable habitat shift to anthropogenous sites; it is frequent here at roadsides, country lanes, camping grounds etc. The simple soil nests usually show a single, very narrow entrance hole of 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="B71723E740639C42FE0F66BFFE5CA9DC" box="[385,469,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter which leads to a vertical duct that passes through a number of chambers down to
|
||
<quantity id="B71723E740639C42FF3D66D3FF71A9F8" box="[179,248,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
in habitats with low water table. A nest entrance in the solonchaks at Lake Neusiedlersee, situated within a transitional zone which is flooded for several days to weeks annually, was according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="147EF3F340639C42FBE066F7FAC9AA15" author="Zettel, H. & Laciny, A. & Wiesbauer, H." box="[1134,1344,510,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 66" refId="ref44308" refString="Zettel, H., Laciny, A. & Wiesbauer, H. (2021) First record of Cardiocondyla dalmatica Soudek, 1925 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Austria. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 73, 59 - 66." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Zettel
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040639C42FB3866F6FB66AA15" box="[1206,1263,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only
|
||
<quantity id="B71723E740639C42FA0E66F7FF30AA30" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the water table. The material around this entrance was strongly cemented and the entrance could be closed when flooded. One nest excavated in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="08F8CE9240639C42FDCA654FFD2DAA6D" box="[580,676,582,608]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
contained
|
||
<specimenCount id="66E9458B40639C42FCAD654FFC3BAA6D" box="[803,946,582,609]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="worker">150 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, 7 ergatoid males, 155 alate gynes and
|
||
<specimenCount id="66E9458B40639C42FAFA654EFF53AA88" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="queen">one queen</specimenCount>
|
||
and the nests are probably monogynous at the nest level. Mating and colony foundation is probably as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7EFF58140639C42FA0D6562FE18AAA5" authority="(Seifert 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Seifert" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="429B521040639C42FA0D6562FF64AAA5" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="147EF3F340639C42FF746587FE00AAA5" author="Seifert, B." box="[250,393,654,680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref43960" refString="Seifert, B. (2018) The Ants of Central and North Europe. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." type="book" year="2018">Seifert 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gynes are polymorphic in mesosoma size and wing length—flight dispersal and independent colony foundation is supposed for macrosomatic-macropterous gynes in particular. Forages at surface temperatures up to 50°C on soil surface and in the lower herb layer. Apparently largely zoophagous. Visits nectaries. It behaves submissive and cryptic in respect to other ants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |