204 lines
16 KiB
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204 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c378af4-8904-403d-b3ca-b16a2ee9951e" ID-PMC="PMC3974445" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-391-75" ID-PubMed="24715781" ID-ZBK="D6A420ACB3BD4BE39E3C14766610838F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-391-75" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 391" ModsDocTitle="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos" checkinTime="1451246140634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yucheng, Li, Shuqiang & Jaeger, Peter" docDate="2014" docId="ECD48CEBBB6F94E3EC617E1380DDFE14" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 391: 75-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 391" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" docTitle="Alaria cavernicola Lin, Li & Jaeger, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="87575CFC-446E-4846-9D28-E483E9DBC2A0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="FF9FFFFE412C3B2B1941FF90F72E8D0D" masterDocTitle="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668158068389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jaeger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>391</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-391-75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D6A420ACB3BD4BE39E3C14766610838F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D6A420ACB3BD4BE39E3C14766610838F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051755" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:87575CFC-446E-4846-9D28-E483E9DBC2A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ECD48CEBBB6F94E3EC617E1380DDFE14" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/87575CFC-446E-4846-9D28-E483E9DBC2A0" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria cavernicola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Alaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="77">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-4, 19
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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Laos: Bolikhamsay Province: Holotype: ♂ (SMF), Lak Sao, Tham Man Kone,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.221134">18°13.268'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.81275">104°48.765'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 501 m, inside cave, leg. 3 December 2012. Paratypes: 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (SMF), same data as holotype; Khammouan Province: 6 ♂ (SMF), 8.3 km NE of Thakek, Tham Noi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.44425">17°26.655'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.862785">104°51.767'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 158 m, in foot cave, leg. 26 November 2012; 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 15 km N of Thakek, Ban
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Phôungam-Mai">Phoungam-Mai</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.530582">17°31.835'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.77637">104°46.582'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 144 m, limestone cave, quarry, leg. 25 November 2012; 1 ♂ (SMF), LAOS, 2.5 km WNW of Ban Tathot, entrance
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.631617">17°37.897'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="105.12503">105°07.502'E</geoCoordinate>
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, exit
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.633234">17°37.994'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="105.11992">105°07.195'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 200 m, entrance area and in front of limestone cave, Tham Kamouk, leg. 30 April 2012; 2 ♀ (SMF, IZCAS), Thakek area, Ban
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Phôungam-Mai">Phoungam-Mai</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.549232">17°32.954'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.81257">104°48.754'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 180 m, limestone cave, Tham Phayat, leg. 29 April 2012; 1 ♀ (SMF), Boualapha District, Tham Nam, Lot Xe Bang Fai,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.373453">17°22'24.43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="105.84427">105°50'39.36"E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 190 m, in day, leg. 3-4 May 2012.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="78" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“cavernicola”">"cavernicola"</normalizedToken>
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= "living in caves", refers to that this species may mainly live in caves; adjective.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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This new species is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria chengguanensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chengguanensis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="79" start="start">Alaria</pageBreakToken>
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chengguanensis
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</taxonomicName>
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Zhao & Li, 2012 in the paracymbial shape (Figs 1D, 3C), most part of the long embolus embedded in conductor, the large median apophysis (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), the scape protruding from beneath epigynal plate (Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), and the similar configurations of the vulva (Figs 2E, 4B). Males can be distinguished by the absence of tufted setae on the cymbium (Figs 1G, 3F vs.
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, Q" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 48" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 1B, 1D, 3D), the different shape of the median apophysis (Figs 1F, 3E vs.
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, Q" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 48" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 1A, 3A, 5A), females by the long, narrow and membranous scape as well as by the large and wide spermathecae (Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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vs.
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, Q" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 48" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria cavernicola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Alaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal B Palp, prolateral C Ditto, retrolateral D Ditto, ventral E bulb (median apophysis removed), distal F Median apophysis, prolateral G Cymbium, retrolateral H Palpal patella and tibia, retrolateral. Co = conductor; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; Te = tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria cavernicola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Alaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female paratype, from Tham Man Kone. A Habitus, dorsal B Epigyne, ventral C Epigyne, dorsal D Vulva (lactic acid-treated), ventral E Vulva, dorsal (red line showing course of duct system). CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermathecae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria cavernicola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Alaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male. A Palp, prolateral B Ditto, retrolateral C Ditto, ventral D bulb (median apophysis removed), apical E Median apophysis, prolateral F Cymbium, retrolateral G Palpal patella and tibia, retrolateral. Co = conductor; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; Te = tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria cavernicola" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cavernicola">Alaria cavernicola</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female paratype, from Tham Man Kone. A Epigyne, ventral B Vulva (lactic acid-treated), dorsal. CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermathecae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Habitus as in Figs 1A, 2A. DS nearly pear-shaped, yellow, with grey pigment, cervical groove distinct, thoracic fovea present. Sternum yellow. Legs proximally pale yellow, distally yellow. Opisthosoma sub-spherical, grey in male, off-white in female, with white patches.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Male palp (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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): patella with strong macroseta and trichobothrium (Figs 1C, 1H, 3B, 3G). Tibia with 2 trichobothria and a lamellar process (Figs 1H, 3G). Paracymbium with a hooked basal process and a long distal spicula (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, 1G, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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, 3F). Tegulum smooth. Median apophysis large, surface with tiny grooves and aculei, proximal process short and serrated, distal process long and slightly furcated (Figs 1F, 3E). Most part of embolus embedded in sheath-like conductor (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Embolus long, bent, filiform (Figs 1E, 3D).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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Female copulatory organ (Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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): epigynal area with long setae. Scape long, membranous, rugose, distally bent, protruding from beneath epigynal posterior margin (Figs 2D, 4A). Spermathecae subovate, juxtaposed (Figs 2C, 2E, 4B). Copulatory ducts wide, starting from lateral corner of spermathecae (Fig. 4B), curl up to form a saccular structure at each side (Figs 2E, 4B). Fertilization ducts deriving from ventral surface of spermathecae, distally hooked (Fig. 4B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Male: total length 1.52, DS 0.73 long, 0.60 wide, clypeus 0.16, sternum 0.39 long, 0.33 wide, coxae IV separated by their width, opisthosoma 0.82 long, 0.75 wide. PME separated by less than half their diameter. Macrosetae: leg I: femur d1, p1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p2, r1, v1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1; leg II: femur d1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p1, r1, metatarsus d1, r1; leg III: femur d1, patella d2, tibia r1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1; leg IV: femur d2, patella d2, tibia d2, p1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1. Metatarsal trichobothria: Tm I: 0.29; Tm II: 0.25; Tm III: 0.14. Leg measurements: I 2.02 (0.65, 0.28, 0.40, 0.41, 0.28); II 1.64 (0.51, 0.25, 0.32, 0.32, 0.24); III 1.14 (0.34, 0.19, 0.18, 0.23, 0.20); IV 1.48 (0.45, 0.22, 0.30, 0.29, 0.22).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Female (collected together with holotype, from Tham Man Kone): total length 2.65, DS 1.03 long, 0.99 wide, clypeus 0.18, sternum 0.62 long, 0.53 wide, coxae IV separated by their width, opisthosoma 1.67 long, 1.58 wide. PME separated by less than half their diameter. Macrosetae: leg I: femur d1, p1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p2, r1, v2, metatarsus p1, r1, v1; leg II: femur d1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p1, r1, v1, metatarsus p1, r1, v1; leg III: femur d1, patella d2, tibia d1, r1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1, v1; leg IV: femur d2, patella d2, tibia d2, p1, r1, v1, metatarsus p1, r1. Metatarsal trichobothria: Tm I: 0.27; Tm II: 0.27; Tm III: 0.16. Leg measurements: I 3.48 (1.18, 0.47, 0.71, 0.71, 0.41); II 2.92 (0.93, 0.42,0.58, 0.60, 0.39); III 1.99 (0.59, 0.31, 0.34, 0.43, 0.32); IV 2.79 (0.93, 0.38, 0.56, 0.55, 0.37).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">The total length ranges from 1.48 to 1.62 in males (n = 10) and from 2.38 to 2.70 in females (n = 5).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">See in Fig. 19.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |