197 lines
16 KiB
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197 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676533" ID-GBIF-Dataset="42812098-88b0-4d43-bdb1-9dccf92aaa47" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676533" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1633477116202" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="D51587EFFFE09A3BF0F918ECF877F7BC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Eupleridae_0330.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Salanoia concolor Gray 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="28" lastPageNumber="351" masterDocId="292CFF97FFE89A33F0651C02FF86FF94" masterDocTitle="Eupleridae" masterLastPageNumber="351" masterPageNumber="330" pageNumber="351" updateTime="1657713182001" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Eupleridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>330</mods:start>
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<mods:end>351</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676533</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">42812098-88b0-4d43-bdb1-9dccf92aaa47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5676533</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698357" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D51587EFFFE09A3BF0F918ECF877F7BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D51587EFFFE09A3BF0F918ECF877F7BC" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<subSubSection box="[156,188,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1090,1262,1382]" box="[156,188,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<heading box="[156,188,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<figureCitation box="[156,188,1262,1300]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[152,182,3403,3428]" captionTargetBox="[12,2801,15,3636]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 2. Falanouc (Eupleres goudotii); 3. Spotted Fanaloka (Fossa fossana); 4. Ring-tailed Vontsira (Galidia elegans); 5. Broad-striped Vontsira (Galidictis fasciata); 6. Grandidier's Vontsira (Galidictis grandidier:; 7. Narrow-striped Boky (Mungotictis decemlineata); 8. Brown-tailed Vontsira (Salanoia concolor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5834717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5834717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">8.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[205,653,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1090,1262,1382]" box="[205,653,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<heading box="[205,653,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<vernacularName box="[205,653,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Brown-tailed Vontsira</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[668,1000,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1090,1262,1382]" box="[668,1000,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<heading box="[668,1000,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" baseAuthorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[668,1000,1262,1300]" class="Mammalia" family="Eupleridae" genus="Salanoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
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<emphasis box="[668,1000,1262,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Salanoia concolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1090,1262,1382]" box="[155,922,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<heading box="[155,922,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[155,232,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[241,405,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Galidie unicolore</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[427,518,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[527,675,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Schlichtmungo</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[696,787,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[797,922,1317,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Galidia parda</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1090,1262,1382]" box="[155,1089,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<heading box="[155,1089,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[155,401,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[412,652,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Brown-tailed Mongoose</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[666,732,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Salano</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[745,884,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Vontsira Boko</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[897,990,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Tabiboala</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1004,1089,1357,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Fanaloka</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[769,1360,1429,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[769,924,1429,1458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1837" box="[937,1355,1429,1458]" class="Mammalia" family="Eupleridae" genus="Galidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">Galidia concolor Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire</taxonomicName>
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, 1837,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[969,1138,1468,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[769,1360,1429,1852]" box="[969,1138,1468,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698750301" box="[969,1138,1468,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<collectingCountry box="[969,1133,1468,1497]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[769,1360,1429,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">The specific names olivacea and wunicolor are synonyms. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676549/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" targetBox="[153,745,1435,1849]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[769,1360,1429,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[769,945,1586,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E
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<collectingCountry box="[986,1150,1586,1615]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. Records from the extreme south-east, in Andohahela, or from the far north, at Montagne d’Ambre, are not considered valid.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[769,1360,1429,1852]" lastBlockId="8.[152,1356,1861,2085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[769,1023,1747,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 35-38 cm, tail 16-20 cm, hindfoot 6.6-7 cm, ear 2:
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<quantity box="[793,869,1823,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[995,1075,1823,1852]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" unit="g" value="780.0">780 g</quantity>
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. In numerous ways this species is similar to Ring-tailed Vontsira, with which is sympatric, but is uniformly darker. It has a short dark dorsal pelage, with pale-tipped hairs giving an agouti appearance. The underside, including the inner thighs, is reddish-brown merging to a whitish-gray around the chin and mouth. The uniform dark brown and slightly bushy tail is shorter than the head and body. No sexual differences have been noted in coloration orsize.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1428,1539,285,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The known range is in the eastern humid forest across an elevational range from near sea level to around
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<quantity box="[1856,1958,325,358]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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. Previous information indicated that it was relatively common in the region of Mananara and the Masoala Peninsula. However, few recent details are available aboutits distribution and it remains the least known native carnivore in
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<collectingCountry box="[1607,1771,447,476]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1428,1686,486,515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Little information is available. At the Réserve Spéciale de Betampona, a lowland eastern humid forest in east-central
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<collectingCountry box="[2144,2307,530,555]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, Brown-tailed Vontsira was observed on eight occasions feeding on beetle larvae that it extracted from rotten wood with its sharp straight claws. It was also observed foraging in leaflitter. This species 1s also known to climb in trees 5-10 m off the ground, where it presumably forages for invertebrates in a fashion similar to Ring-tailed Vontsira. It is reputed by rural villagers to feed on poultry; however, given its apparent arthropod diet and slightly reduced dentition, this is questionable. These poultry raids may actually be conducted by the similar-looking Ring-tailed Vontsira. On the basis of a comparative study conducted at Betampona, where Brown-tailed Vontsira and Ring-tailed Vontsira occur in sympatry, a number of differences were noted in prey
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<typeStatus box="[2050,2105,875,908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">type</typeStatus>
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and habitat utilization that might reduce competitive interactions between them. Certain dietary and morphological and behavioral aspects of Brown-tailed Vontsira are notably similar to Narrow-striped Boky of the central western dry deciduous forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1426,1661,1037,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Current evidence indicates that this species is strictly diurnal, being active in the early morning and with another bout of activity in the late afternoon. When foraging, Brown-tailed Vontsira will occasionally emit guttural squeaks and growls, but it is often silent. If alarmed it produces loud growls and at the same time erects the tail fur.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1427,2129,1229,1262]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Little is known about the social organization of this species. At Betampona, it was frequently observed singly or in pairs. There are records of groups of three individuals; generally one is notably smaller than the other two and presumed to be their offspring. It has been estimated that family groups occupy home ranges of approximately 20 ha, but this needs to be verified with field studies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1427,1561,1469,1498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Infants are born between November and January and it is suspected that young remain with their parents for one year after birth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1427,1781,1544,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Listed in The
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<collectionCode box="[1994,2072,1544,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">IUCN</collectionCode>
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Red List as Vulnerable. At Betampona, close to 93% of observations of Brown-tailed Vontsira were in intact forest, often on ridge tops, and the balance were in areas of secondary vegetation and cultivated zones. In 1876 Audebert made a collection of animals in the Mahambo, north of
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<collectingRegion box="[2469,2622,1666,1695]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
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, which included Brown-tailed Vontsira. This site, which no longer has any natural forest, is within a few kilometers of the station Forestiere de Tampolo, where rapid biological inventories took place in 1997 and 2004. On two occasions a small, terrestrial, diurnal
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1821" box="[1538,1675,1819,1852]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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that had the characteristics of Brown-tailed Vontsira was observed in the Tampolo littoral forest. Further, this species is well known to local research assistants working at the station. It seems that remnant populations can withstand certain levels of human habitat degradation, at least in the short-term.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="351" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[1425,2631,285,2091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">
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<emphasis box="[1427,1581,1985,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Albignac (1973), Britt (1999), Britt & Virkaitis (2003), Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (
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<collectionCode box="[1434,1476,2024,2049]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wqd-8bvt" name="Sacramento State University" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">SSC</collectionCode>
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/
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<collectionCode box="[1483,1543,2024,2049]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">IUCN</collectionCode>
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) (2002), Goodman, Soarimalala & Ratsirarson (2005), Grandidier & Petit (1932),
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<collectionCode box="[2431,2486,2024,2049]" pageId="8" pageNumber="351">IUCN</collectionCode>
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(2007), Schreiber et al. (1989), Wozencraft (1986), ZICOMA (1999).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |