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<document id="4988B9BFAF2FCED6E82611CCF237EBAC" ID-CLB-Dataset="7717" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n2a1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="601437bd-40a5-40dc-8fda-72b0aa119041" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597045" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615470577137" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Derycke, Claire &amp; Goujet, Daniel" docDate="2011" docId="CA2B87AB6C49FFAFF8A3EA8896D7CCF1" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.33.2.209-226.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n2a1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A.3:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tassiliodus lessardi Derycke &amp; Goujet 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="3612FFD36C4CFFA4F855EB1D950DCA55" masterDocTitle="Multicuspidate shark teeth associated with chondrichthyan and acanthodian scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria" masterLastPageNumber="226" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="214" updateTime="1732721532660" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="1E549A5D00FEA3CF00C877923E29F42C">Multicuspidate shark teeth associated with chondrichthyan and acanthodian scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="626ACF9FD82937568BEBFA611ED2D686">Derycke, Claire</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="CA2B87AB6C49FFAFF8A3EA8896D7CCF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180584323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA2B87AB6C49FFAFF8A3EA8896D7CCF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA2B87AB6C49FFAFF8A3EA8896D7CCF1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C49FFA1F8A3EA8894AECB84" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F8A3EA8894AECB84" blockId="5.[246,514,405,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<heading id="197581D16C49FFA1F8A3EA8894AECB84" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1F8A3EA8894CDCBE5" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[246,448,405,432]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F8A3EA8894CDCBE5" bold="true" box="[246,448,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C49FFA1F992EA8B970FCBE4" box="[455,514,406,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1F909EAAB9491CB84" box="[348,412,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C49FFA1F824EAF295D1C940" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824EAF2973FC852" blockId="5.[113,562,495,519]" box="[113,562,495,519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="629211936C49FFA1F824EAF2973FC852" box="[113,562,495,519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
?
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1F82FEAF295F1C852" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1845" box="[122,252,495,519]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Haplacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Selachii" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F82FEAF295F1C852" box="[122,252,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Haplacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="C32310AC6C49FFA1F963EAF294E2C852" author="LELIEVRE H." box="[310,495,495,519]" page="300" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1F963EAF294E2C852" author="LELIEVRE H." box="[310,495,495,519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="287 - 302" refId="ref10103" refString="LELIEVRE H. 1988. - Nouveau materiel d' Antineosteus lehmani Lelievre, 1984 (Placoderme, Brachythoraci) et d'Acanthodiens du Devonien inferieur (Emsien) d'Algerie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, sect. A 10: 287 - 302." type="journal article" year="1988">Lelièvre 1988: 300</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E9039728C863" blockId="5.[113,549,542,566]" box="[113,549,542,566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="629211936C49FFA1F824E9039728C863" box="[113,549,542,566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
?
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1F82FE90395D1C863" box="[122,220,542,566]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Phoebodontidae" genus="Phoebodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phoebodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F82FE90395D1C863" box="[122,220,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Phoebodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="C32310AC6C49FFA1F943E90394EFC863" author="FOREY P. L. &amp; YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A." box="[278,482,542,566]" page="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1F943E90394EFC863" author="FOREY P. L. &amp; YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A." box="[278,482,542,566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref9604" refString="FOREY P. L., YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A. 1992. - Lower Devonian fishes from Saudi Arabia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology) 48 (2): 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1992">
Forey
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F906E902948FC863" box="[339,386,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
1992: 31
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E95395D3C8D5" blockId="5.[113,646,590,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="629211936C49FFA1F824E95395D3C8D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1F824E95395EAC833" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[113,231,590,614]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Nogueralepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F824E95395EAC833" box="[113,231,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Nogueralepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="C32310AC6C49FFA1F976E9539702C833" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." box="[291,527,590,614]" page="554" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1F976E9539702C833" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." box="[291,527,590,614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref9231" refString="BURROW C. J., LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D. 2006. - Gnathostome microremains from the Lower Devonian Jawf Formation, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Paleontology 80 (3): 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="2006">
Burrow
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F926E95294AFC833" box="[371,418,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 554
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 11: 12- 17, 23, 24.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E98595DEC89F" blockId="5.[113,646,664,714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
“Chondrichthyan teeth, scales”
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1F99DE98595C3C89F" author="DERYCKE C. &amp; GOUJET D." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="87" refId="ref9372" refString="DERYCKE C. &amp; GOUJET D. 2009. - Early Devonian Vertebrate from south Ahaggar (southern Algeria): new observations on the histology of early chondrichthyan scales. Sixty-nine Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, University of Bristol, September 23 - 26 2009. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (3): 87 A." type="journal article" year="2009">Derycke &amp; Goujet 2009: 87</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E9FF95D1C940" blockId="5.[112,646,738,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="629211936C49FFA1F824E9FF95D1C940" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1F824E9FF9416C8AF" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[113,283,738,762]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F824E9FF9416C8AF" box="[113,283,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“nomen nudum”
<treatmentCitation id="C32310AC6C49FFA1F986E9FF95D5C940" author="DERYCKE &amp; GOUJET" page="145" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1F986E9FF95D5C940" author="DERYCKE &amp; GOUJET" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="145" refId="ref9434" refString="DERYCKE &amp; GOUJET 2010. - Scheme of characters in chondrichthyans (teeth and scales), in THE PALAE- ONTOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (ed.), Third International Palaeontological Congress (IPC 3). Imperial College and Natural History Museum, London, UK, 28 June- 3 July 2010, Abstract: 145." type="proceedings paper" year="2010">Derycke &amp; Goujet 2010: 145</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C49FFA1F824E83094F3C90A" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E83094F3C90A" blockId="5.[113,647,812,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<collectionCode id="2493AE786C49FFA1F824E8309409C916" box="[113,260,813,836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. — Near In Guezzam, Oued Felaou or Anou Izileg, southern Ahaggar (
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C49FFA1F9FDE85A94FEC90A" box="[424,499,839,863]" name="Algeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Algeria</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C49FFA1F824E86A94D0C9FC" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E86A94D0C9FC" blockId="5.[113,646,886,937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">ETYMOLOGY. — After L. Lessard, a hydrogeologist who discovered the material in the 1960s.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C49FFA1F824E8DC976ECE68" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E8DC9484C98D" blockId="5.[113,393,960,984]" box="[113,393,960,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">DIAGNOSIS. — As for genus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824E8EC976ECE68" blockId="5.[112,647,1008,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<materialsCitation id="F2EA3CE06C49FFA1F824E8EC9487CE77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053544302" location="Teeth" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Monaghan" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="9D39881F6C49FFA1F824E8EC95C3CE53" box="[113,206,1009,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="syntype">SYNTYPES</typeStatus>
. —
<location id="475D60666C49FFA1F8AFE8ED943ECE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA2B87AB6C49FFAFF8A3EA8896D7CCF1:475D60666C49FFA1F8AFE8ED943ECE5D" box="[250,307,1008,1032]" name="Teeth" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Monaghan">Teeth</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C49FFA1F96BE8ED9482CE5D" box="[318,399,1008,1032]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1F98FE8ED94EFCE5C" bold="true" box="[474,482,1008,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">-</emphasis>
15 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FA5CE8ED975ECE5C" box="[521,595,1008,1033]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) and MNHN.F.ALD-16 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1F96CEF17948FCE77" box="[313,386,1034,1058]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="F2EA3CE06C49FFA1F9C7EF17976ECE68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053544301" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
scales
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C49FFA1F99EEF179710CE77" box="[459,541,1034,1058]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-17 to 35; thin sections MNHN.F.ALD-30-32, 34, 35.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C49FFA1F824EF4B966CCCF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="description">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824EF4B9717CED2" blockId="5.[113,646,1108,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 107 scales, same origin as the
<typeStatus id="9D39881F6C49FFA1F8FAEF72940FCED2" box="[175,258,1135,1159]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(see Material and methods).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824EFB394A9CE92" blockId="5.[113,648,1198,1700]" box="[113,420,1198,1224]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">DESCRIPTION OF THE TEETH</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F824EFD395FACC10" blockId="5.[113,648,1198,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
The tooth crown of
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C49FFA1F919EFD394AACEBC" box="[332,423,1230,1257]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-15 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FA79EFD39772CEBC" box="[556,639,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) bears 8 cusps and cusplets. Among the three main cusps, the middle one is half the height of the lateral cusps, that diverge at an angle of about 50°. The main cusps have a rounded tip. Five cusplets are visible, three on one side of the central cusp and two on the other side. Lateral cusplets are not in the same plane, and the smallest ones are in a more labial position. The smooth crown is probably covered with enameloid, and only one ridge is visible in the middle of a main cusp (right side in
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1F8DBED3795D3CC10" box="[142,222,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1F88BED2A95E5CC1D" box="[222,232,1591,1608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C49FFA1F88BED2A95E5CC1D" attach="left" box="[222,232,1591,1608]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1F8DDED57912ECB67" blockId="5.[113,648,1198,1700]" lastBlockId="5.[675,1212,216,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
The base is perpendicular to the crown and expanded lingually. Its internal structure is revealed by a fracture surface showing bone or osteodentine (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FAFFEBC597F7CAA6" box="[682,762,216,243]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FAAEEBF89608CAA3" box="[763,773,229,246]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,843,860]" captionTargetBox="[123,1207,215,805]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[112,1212,209,813]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3. — Stratigraphical sections of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 155). Numbers of sections correspond to numbers of localities of Figure 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C49FFA1FAAEEBF89608CAA3" attach="right" box="[763,773,229,246]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">3</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) with a rugose external aspect (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FC04EBC591A7CAA3" box="[1105,1194,216,246]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
Fig. 4A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C49FFA1FCF5EBF891A7CAA3" attach="left" box="[1184,1194,229,246]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">4</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). There is apparently no regular organization of the foramina in the base (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FBDAEA0A96E7CB60" box="[911,1002,279,309]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
Fig. 4A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C49FFA1FBB5EA3996E7CB60" attach="left" box="[992,1002,292,309]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">4</subScript>
</figureCitation>
, A
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FC5CEA39911ECB60" box="[1033,1043,292,309]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C49FFA1FC5CEA39911ECB60" attach="left" box="[1033,1043,292,309]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">5</subScript>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1FAEEEA2A96EAC8FB" blockId="5.[675,1212,216,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
The crown of the second, smaller tooth
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C49FFA1FAF0EA4A9609CB27" box="[677,772,343,370]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-16 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FBC4EA4A96E4CB27" box="[913,1001,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) is only visible in lingual aspect and made up by four cusps with 3 diverging main cusps (angle around 50°). The tip of the cusps are more pointed and slender than in
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C49FFA1FAF0EAC8960FCBA5" box="[677,770,469,496]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-15. The rugose base shows a kind of lingual bulge behind the central cusp (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C49FFA1FC04EAE891A7C846" box="[1105,1194,501,531]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" captionTargetId="figure-45@6.[387,662,754,935]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n.sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-15; A1, labial view;A2, labio-lateral view; A3, enlargement of the base;A4, basal view;A5, enlargement of the basal view;B, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A1, A2, A4, B2, B3, 2 mm; A3, B1, B4, 1 mm; A5, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
Fig. 4B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C49FFA1FCF5E91F91A7C846" attach="right" box="[1184,1194,514,531]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">4</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). One cusplet is visible but is not in the same plane, it is situated more labially, like in
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C49FFA1FBB1E9299132C81A" box="[996,1087,564,591]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-15. The base is poorly developed and the cusps are oriented or curved lingually.Tiny foramina are visible in the lingual part of the base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1FAF0E9CE97F0C8B8" blockId="5.[674,1212,723,1700]" box="[677,765,723,749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FAF0E9CE97F0C8B8" box="[677,765,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1FAF0E9EF9135C9BE" blockId="5.[674,1212,723,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
Our specimens have been compared with other Emsian chondrichthyans:
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FBE2E80F91B8C978" authority="Traquair, 1893" authorityName="Traquair" authorityYear="1893" box="[951,1205,786,813]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FBE2E80F911FC979" box="[951,1042,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Doliodus</emphasis>
Traquair, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, known from an articulated specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FC1EE82F962BC939" author="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="244 - 252" refId="ref10837" refString="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F. 2005. - New ideas about old sharks. American Scientist 93: 244 - 252." type="journal article" year="2005">Turner &amp; Miller 2005</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6) as well as isolated teeth,
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FC37E84C966FC9D9" authority="Woodward, 1892" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1892" genus="Protodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC37E84C91B4C93E" box="[1122,1209,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Protodus</emphasis>
Woodward, 1892
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FB24E86C9167C9D9" author="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F." box="[881,1130,881,908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="133 - 145" refId="ref10863" refString="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F. 2008. - Protodus jexi Woodward, 1892 (Chondrichthyes), from the Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada. Acta Geologica Polonica 58 (2): 133 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Turner &amp; Miller 2008</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FC2BE86F9148C9F9" authority="Janvier &amp; Suarez-Riglos, 1986" authorityName="Janvier &amp; Suarez-Riglos" authorityYear="1986" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Pucapampella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC2BE86F960FC9FE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Pucapampella</emphasis>
Janvier &amp; Suarez-Riglos, 1986
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FC05E88C9649C99E" author="MAISEY J. G. &amp; ANDERSON M. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="702 - 713" refId="ref10490" refString="MAISEY J. G. &amp; ANDERSON M. E. 2001. - A primitive chondrichthyan braincase from the Early Devonian of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21: 702 - 713." type="journal article" year="2001">Maisey &amp; Anderson 2001</bibRefCitation>
), and possible Emsian
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FC7CE8AD9622C9BE" authority="Young, 1982" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC7CE8AD91B4C99F" box="[1065,1209,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Antarctilamna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FAF0E8CD9622C9BE" author="YOUNG G. C." box="[677,815,976,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="817 - 843" refId="ref10969" refString="YOUNG G. C. 1982. - Devonian sharks from southeastern Australia and Antarctica. Palaeontology 25 (4): 817 - 843." type="journal article" year="1982">Young, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FB26E8CD9121C9BE" author="FOREY P. L. &amp; YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A." box="[883,1068,976,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref9604" refString="FOREY P. L., YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A. 1992. - Lower Devonian fishes from Saudi Arabia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology) 48 (2): 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1992">
Forey
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FBE3E8CC96E4C9BF" box="[950,1001,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C49FFA1FAEEE8ED966CCCF1" blockId="5.[674,1212,723,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">
Devonian levels of
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C49FFA1FB28E8ED910DCE5E" box="[893,1024,1008,1035]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
have yielded early vertebrate material. A tooth referred to
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FC18EF1291B7CE7C" box="[1101,1210,1039,1065]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Phoebodontidae" genus="Phoebodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phoebodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC18EF1291B7CE7C" box="[1101,1210,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Phoebodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FA87EF329699CE1F" author="FOREY P. L. &amp; YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A." box="[722,916,1071,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref9604" refString="FOREY P. L., YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A. 1992. - Lower Devonian fishes from Saudi Arabia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology) 48 (2): 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1992">
Forey
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FB4FEF2D965DCE1C" box="[794,848,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7) has been described from the Jauf Formation (
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C49FFA1FBECEF529148CE3F" box="[953,1093,1103,1130]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
) and dated as Pragian to Early Emsian. Although it is only illustrated by a drawing and in lingual aspect, it is possibly an antarctilamnid, a family mainly known from the Givetian-Frasnian (
<typeStatus id="9D39881F6C49FFA1FB90EFD396FECEBC" box="[965,1011,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">type</typeStatus>
genus
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FC6CEFD097B2CF52" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC6CEFD097B2CF52" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Antarctilamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However this tooth appears smooth and shows fewer vascular foramina than
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FB8BEE109178CF72" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" box="[990,1141,1293,1319]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FB8BEE109178CF72" box="[990,1141,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Antarctilamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is not comparable to
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FB3AEE3096D0CF12" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[879,989,1325,1351]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FB3AEE3096D0CF12" box="[879,989,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Tassiliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C49FFA1FBB7EE309121CF1D" box="[994,1068,1325,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
which shows no big foramina.
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FB08EE5196F9CF33" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" box="[861,1012,1356,1382]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FB08EE5196F9CF33" box="[861,1012,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Antarctilamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also represented by spines and scales in the Wajid Formation (
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C49FFA1FC2FEE7197E7CFF2" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, Pragian to Early Emsian) (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FBA8EE9191A2CFF2" author="FOREY P. L. &amp; YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A." box="[1021,1199,1420,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref9604" refString="FOREY P. L., YOUNG V. T. &amp; MCCLURE H. A. 1992. - Lower Devonian fishes from Saudi Arabia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology) 48 (2): 25 - 43." type="journal article" year="1992">
Forey
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC15EE91917DCFF3" box="[1088,1136,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
). Other “shark” material corresponds to “
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FC1BEEB691A2CF90" box="[1102,1199,1451,1477]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Ctenacanthidae" genus="Cladodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenacanthiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FC1BEEB691A2CF90" box="[1102,1199,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Cladodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” teeth, that are not identifiable according to
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FC27EED697FFCC53" author="GINTER M." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="473 - 486" refId="ref9710" refString="GINTER M. 2004. - Devonian sharks and the origin of Xenacanthiformes, in ARRATIA G., WILSON M. V. H. &amp; CLOUTIER R. (eds), Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen: 473 - 486." type="book chapter" year="2004">Ginter (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. One species,
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FBDAEEF6912BCC51" box="[911,1062,1515,1541]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seriponensis">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FBDAEEF6912BCC51" box="[911,1062,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">A. seriponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was also described from the Emsian of
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C49FFA1FB9AED179117CC70" box="[975,1050,1546,1573]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FC7DED1797D3CC10" author="GAGNIER P. - Y. &amp; TURNER S. &amp; FRIMAN L. &amp; RIGLOS M. &amp; JANVIER P." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="269 - 297" refId="ref9652" refString="GAGNIER P. - Y., TURNER S., FRIMAN L., SUARES- RIGLOS M. &amp; JANVIER P. 1988.  The Devonian vertebrate and mollusc fauna from Seripona (Dept. of Chuquisaca, Bolivia). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie 176 (2): 269 - 297." type="journal article" year="1988">
Gagnier
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FCD2ED1691B7CC71" box="[1159,1210,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
) based on fin spines.
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C49FFA1FB94ED379155CC11" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" box="[961,1112,1578,1604]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C49FFA1FB94ED379155CC11" box="[961,1112,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="214">Antarctilamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth are characterized by many ridges on the cusps (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FC26ED5797D3CCD1" author="YOUNG G. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="817 - 843" refId="ref10969" refString="YOUNG G. C. 1982. - Devonian sharks from southeastern Australia and Antarctica. Palaeontology 25 (4): 817 - 843." type="journal article" year="1982">Young 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C49FFA1FAB2ED7496CFCCD1" author="LONG J. A. &amp; YOUNG G. C." box="[743,962,1641,1668]" pageId="5" pageNumber="214" pagination="287 - 308" refId="ref10257" refString="LONG J. A. &amp; YOUNG G. C. 1995. - Sharks from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Records of the Western Australian Museum 17: 287 - 308." type="journal article" year="1995">Long &amp; Young 1995</bibRefCitation>
), a feature that is absent in our specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="16FD66356C4AFFA2F824ED7E9602CCF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597055/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" startId="6.[113,124,1635,1652]" targetBox="[113,1209,214,1530]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4AFFA2F824ED7E9602CCF4" blockId="6.[112,1211,1635,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
FIG. 4.— Chondrichthyan teeth of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4AFFA2F9D1ED7E9712CC21" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[388,543,1635,1652]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi" status="n. gen.,n.sp.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2F9D1ED7E9712CC21" box="[388,543,1635,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C4AFFA2FA76ED7E979DCC21" box="[547,656,1635,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" rank="species">n. gen.,n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2FC43ED7E912ECC21" bold="true" box="[1046,1059,1635,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">A</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-15;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2F825ED649588CCD8" bold="true" box="[112,133,1657,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F82BED9C9588CCD8" attach="right" box="[126,133,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, labial view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2F8BEED6495F2CCD8" bold="true" box="[235,255,1657,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F8ADED9C95F2CCD8" attach="left" box="[248,255,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, labio-lateral view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2F9CEED6494A3CCD8" bold="true" box="[411,430,1657,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F9F2ED9C94A3CCD8" attach="left" box="[423,430,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
, enlargement of the base;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2FAD1ED649795CCD8" bold="true" box="[644,664,1657,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2FAC4ED9C9795CCD8" attach="left" box="[657,664,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">4</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2FAAAED64961FCCD8" bold="true" box="[767,786,1657,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2FB5EED9C961FCCD8" attach="left" box="[779,786,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">5</subScript>
</emphasis>
, enlargement of the basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4AFFA2FC40ED64912FCCDF" bold="true" box="[1045,1058,1657,1674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">B</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-16, lingual views. Scale bars: A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F901ED859456CCF1" attach="left" box="[340,347,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">1</subScript>
, A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F927ED859474CCF1" attach="left" box="[370,377,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">2</subScript>
, A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F9C5ED85949ACCF1" attach="left" box="[400,407,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">4</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F9FBED8594B8CCF1" attach="left" box="[430,437,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">2</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2F998ED8594D9CCF1" attach="left" box="[461,468,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">3</subScript>
, 2 mm; A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2FA71ED859726CCF1" attach="left" box="[548,555,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">3</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2FA16ED859747CCF1" attach="left" box="[579,586,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">1</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2FA34ED859765CCF1" attach="left" box="[609,616,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">4</subScript>
, 1 mm; A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4AFFA2FAECED8597CDCCF1" attach="left" box="[697,704,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">5</subScript>
, 200 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C4BFFA3F8DDEBC59408CEDF" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F8DDEBC594AACBC4" blockId="7.[111,648,216,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F8DDEBC59414CAA7" authorityName="Janvier &amp; Suarez-Riglos" authorityYear="1986" box="[136,281,216,242]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Pucapampella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F8DDEBC59414CAA7" box="[136,281,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Pucapampella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
first found in
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C4BFFA3F9E8EBC59704CAA6" box="[445,521,216,243]" name="Bolivia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(Janvier &amp; Suarez-Riglos 1986) is also known from the upper Emsian in
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C4BFFA3F959EA0A949ECB67" box="[268,403,279,306]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F9F5EA0A978FCB67" author="ANDERSON M. E. &amp; ALMON J. E. &amp; EVANS F. J. &amp; LONG J. A." box="[416,642,279,306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="179 - 194" refId="ref8946" refString="ANDERSON M. E., ALMON J. E., EVANS F. J. &amp; LONG J. A. 1999. - Devonian (Emsian-Eifelian) fish from the Lower Bokkeveld Group (Ceres subgroup), South Africa. Journal of African Earth Science 29 (1): 179 - 194." type="journal article" year="1999">
Anderson
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA45EA05974FCB64" box="[528,578,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F825EA2A9483CB07" author="MAISEY J. G. &amp; ANDERSON M. E." box="[112,398,311,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="702 - 713" refId="ref10490" refString="MAISEY J. G. &amp; ANDERSON M. E. 2001. - A primitive chondrichthyan braincase from the Early Devonian of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21: 702 - 713." type="journal article" year="2001">
Maisey &amp; Anderson
<quantity id="857A9B586C4BFFA3F903EA2A9483CB07" box="[342,398,311,338]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08254" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" unit="in" value="2001.0">2001</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F9CDEA2594A3CB04" box="[408,430,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F9E3EA2A9745CB07" author="MAISEY J. G." box="[438,584,311,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="139 - 170" refId="ref10431" refString="MAISEY J. G. 2004. - Endocranial morphology in fossil and recent chondrichthyans, in ARRATIA G., WILSON M. V. H. &amp; CLOUTIER R. (eds), Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen, Germany, 139 - 170." type="book chapter" year="2004">Maisey 2004</bibRefCitation>
). It is only known by its braincase and no teeth have been yet described (Maisey 2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F8DDEA8B95FCCE5E" blockId="7.[111,648,216,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F8DDEA8B973BCBE4" authority="Woodward, 1892" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1892" box="[136,566,406,433]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="problematicus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F8DDEA8B9479CBE5" box="[136,372,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Doliodus problematicus</emphasis>
Woodward, 1892
</taxonomicName>
, is early Emsian in age (
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C4BFFA3F94BEAAB9478CB84" box="[286,373,438,465]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Canada</collectingCountry>
) and shows trunk scales (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F82EEAC89470CBA5" author="MILLER R. F. &amp; CLOUTIER R. &amp; TURNER S." box="[123,381,469,496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref10581" refString="MILLER R. F., CLOUTIER R. &amp; TURNER S. 2003. - The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian period. Nature 425: 501 - 504." type="journal article" year="2003">
Miller
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F89DEACB95F2CBBA" box="[200,255,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
2003: 503
</bibRefCitation>
) that resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F826EAE89407C85A" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1982" box="[115,266,501,527]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Antarctilamna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F826EAE89407C85A" box="[115,266,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Antarctilamna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Jauf Formation.
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3FA7FEAE8978BC85A" authorityName="Traquair" authorityYear="1893" box="[554,646,501,527]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA7FEAE8978BC85A" box="[554,646,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Doliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
teeth have cusps similar to some xenacanthiform ones and have been included in the Omalodontida (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F822E949944CC83A" author="MILLER R. F. &amp; CLOUTIER R. &amp; TURNER S." box="[119,321,596,623]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref10581" refString="MILLER R. F., CLOUTIER R. &amp; TURNER S. 2003. - The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian period. Nature 425: 501 - 504." type="journal article" year="2003">
Miller
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F893E94895F1C83B" box="[198,252,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). Known as one of the oldest articulated chondrichthyans,
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F9E9E9699716C8DB" authorityName="Traquair" authorityYear="1893" box="[444,539,628,654]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F9E9E9699716C8DB" box="[444,539,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Doliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses paired fin-spines, a character long considered as a synapomorphy of acanthodians, but now as a gnathostome symplesiomorphy (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F993E9CE9776C8BB" author="MILLER R. F. &amp; CLOUTIER R. &amp; TURNER S." box="[454,635,723,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="501 - 504" refId="ref10581" refString="MILLER R. F., CLOUTIER R. &amp; TURNER S. 2003. - The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian period. Nature 425: 501 - 504." type="journal article" year="2003">
Miller
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA59E9CE9731C8B8" box="[524,572,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F83AE9EF9401C958" author="TURNER S." box="[111,268,754,781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="67 - 94" refId="ref10780" refString="TURNER S. 2004. - Early vertebrates: analysis from microfossil evidence, in ARRATIA G., WILSON M. V. H. &amp; CLOUTIER R. (eds), Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen, Germany: 67 - 94." type="book chapter" year="2004">Turner (2004)</bibRefCitation>
described the teeth of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3FA5EE9EF976AC959" authorityName="Traquair" authorityYear="1893" box="[523,615,754,780]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA5EE9EF976AC959" box="[523,615,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Doliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in detail. The main difference with
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F99FE80F9735C979" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[458,568,786,812]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F99FE80F9735C979" box="[458,568,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Tassiliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C4BFFA3FA6BE80F978AC978" box="[574,647,786,813]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
concerns their base, which is oriented labially in
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F826E84C95C1C93E" authorityName="Traquair" authorityYear="1893" box="[115,204,849,875]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F826E84C95C1C93E" box="[115,204,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Doliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, hence its inclusion in the Omalodontida. The crowns are also different: in
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F98EE86C973AC9DE" authorityName="Traquair" authorityYear="1893" box="[475,567,881,907]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Omalodontidae" genus="Doliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Omalodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F98EE86C973AC9DE" box="[475,567,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Doliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
one of the main lateral cusps is larger than the other, the proportions in length of cusps are different, and intermediate cusplets are in the same plane as the main cusps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F8DDEF129408CEDF" blockId="7.[111,648,216,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F8DDEF1294C5CE7E" authority="Woodward, 1892" authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1892" box="[136,456,1039,1067]" genus="Protodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jexi">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F8DDEF129407CE7C" box="[136,266,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Protodus jexi</emphasis>
Woodward, 1892
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FA53EF0D95AECE1F" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C4BFFA3F8E4EF32940BCE1F" box="[177,262,1071,1098]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Canada</collectingCountry>
) (late Pragian/early Emsian) is quite different, as it has monocuspid teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3FA4CEF5295F4CEDF" author="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F." pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="133 - 145" refId="ref10863" refString="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F. 2008. - Protodus jexi Woodward, 1892 (Chondrichthyes), from the Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada. Acta Geologica Polonica 58 (2): 133 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Turner &amp; Miller 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C4BFFA3F8DDEF93977DCE9C" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="description">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F8DDEF93977DCE9C" blockId="7.[111,648,216,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
Finally among Emsian chondrichthyans, the
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3FA1AEF9295A3CE9D" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA1AEF9295A3CE9D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Tassiliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C4BFFA3F8E0EFB3940DCE9C" box="[181,256,1198,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
teeth show a unique morphology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C4BFFA3F8DDEFD094F5CC53" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F8DDEFD094F5CC53" blockId="7.[111,648,216,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3F8DDEFD09476CEBC" authority="Mader, 1986" authorityName="Mader" authorityYear="1986" box="[136,379,1229,1257]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Leonodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F8DDEFD095E5CEB2" box="[136,232,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Leonodus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F8BBEFD39476CEBC" author="MADER H." box="[238,379,1230,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref10297" refString="MADER H. 1986. - Schuppen und Zahne von Acanthodiern und Elasmobranchiern aus dem Unter-Devon Spaniens (Pisces). Gottinger Arbeiten zur Geologie und Palaontologie 28: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1986">Mader, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, first described by
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3FA6AEFD395B6CF5D" author="MADER H." pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref10297" refString="MADER H. 1986. - Schuppen und Zahne von Acanthodiern und Elasmobranchiern aus dem Unter-Devon Spaniens (Pisces). Gottinger Arbeiten zur Geologie und Palaontologie 28: 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1986">Mader (1986)</bibRefCitation>
from Lochkovian-Pragian levels of
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C4BFFA3FA16EFF0978FCF5D" box="[579,642,1261,1288]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Spain</collectingCountry>
, is considered as the oldest unequivocal chondrichthyan teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F8A2EE30948ECF1D" author="TURNER S." box="[247,387,1325,1352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="67 - 94" refId="ref10780" refString="TURNER S. 2004. - Early vertebrates: analysis from microfossil evidence, in ARRATIA G., WILSON M. V. H. &amp; CLOUTIER R. (eds), Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen, Germany: 67 - 94." type="book chapter" year="2004">Turner 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F9DEEE309777CF1D" author="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F." box="[395,634,1325,1352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="244 - 252" refId="ref10837" refString="TURNER S. &amp; MILLER R. F. 2005. - New ideas about old sharks. American Scientist 93: 244 - 252." type="journal article" year="2005">Turner &amp; Miller 2005</bibRefCitation>
). It is bicuspid, more acute when sharpened by wear (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F82DEE719432CFD2" author="BOTELLA H. &amp; RIOS J. I. &amp; PEREZ C." box="[120,319,1388,1415]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="365 - 376" refId="ref9165" refString="BOTELLA H., VALENZUELA- RIOS J. I. &amp; MARTINEZ- PEREZ C. 2009. - Tooth replacement rates in early chondrichthyans: a qualitative approach. Lethaia 42: 365 - 376." type="journal article" year="2009">
Botella
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F89EEE7095F3CFD3" box="[203,254,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
), and is the first indication of a dental lamina (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F959EE91949ACFF2" author="BOTELLA H." box="[268,407,1420,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="1002 - 1003" refId="ref9135" refString="BOTELLA H. 2006. - The oldest fossil evidence of a dental lamina in sharks. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (4): 1002 - 1003." type="journal article" year="2006">Botella 2006</bibRefCitation>
, except for placoderms according to
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C4BFFA3F8A8EEB69707CF93" author="JOHANSON Z. &amp; SMITH M. M." box="[253,522,1451,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" pagination="289 - 307" refId="ref9892" refString="JOHANSON Z. &amp; SMITH M. M. 2003. - Placoderm fishes, pharyngeal denticles, and the vertebrate dentition. Journal of Morphology 257: 289 - 307." type="journal article" year="2003">Smith &amp; Johanson 2003</bibRefCitation>
, even there is a regular tooth addition without a true dental lamina, M. M. Smith pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A9865366C4BFFAFF824ED3696D7CCF1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" type="description">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F824ED3694AACC16" blockId="7.[112,646,1579,1700]" box="[113,423,1579,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">DESCRIPTION OF THE SCALES</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3F824ED57949FCCF1" blockId="7.[112,646,1579,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
From the
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3F88FED5695E6CC31" box="[218,235,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">c.</emphasis>
126 scales, six morphotypes have been identified as belonging to the squamation of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3FA13ED7495F5CCF6" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA13ED7495F5CCF6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C4BFFA3F8AAED94949FCCF1" box="[255,402,1673,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3FAF0EBC5913FCBC4" blockId="7.[674,1212,216,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FAF0EBC5918DCAA7" box="[677,1152,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
High-neck scales, almost 58 scales (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC5EEBC59144CAA7" box="[1035,1097,216,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-D)
</emphasis>
These four scales share a crown that shows wide grooves intercalated with converging thin, sometimes nodose, ridges in the middle, an elongate neck and a flat base, that is narrower than the crown. These scales are generally higher than wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3FAEEEA8B9199C8BB" blockId="7.[674,1212,216,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
The crown of
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FB1EEA8B96A8CBE4" box="[843,933,406,433]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-17 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC72EA8B917ACBE4" box="[1063,1143,406,433]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) bears six main tuberculated ridges converging at the top. One ridge is divided near the crown margin (right on
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FA9FEAE89613C845" box="[714,798,501,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FB75E91F9627C846" box="[800,810,514,531]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4BFFA3FB75E91F9627C846" attach="right" box="[800,810,514,531]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). One intermediate ridge seems to merge on the opposite side. This round scale has a high neck and a flat base with one basal pore and a notch near its margin (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FB95E9499119C83A" box="[960,1044,596,623]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC41E97C9113C827" box="[1044,1054,609,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4BFFA3FC41E97C9113C827" attach="left" box="[1044,1054,609,626]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). In the scale
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FAF2E96997F3C8DA" box="[679,766,628,655]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-18 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FB2EE96996C5C8DA" box="[891,968,628,655]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig.5B</figureCitation>
), more numerous ridges begin in the vertical part of the crown, converging at the top, nipped-in waist and high neck with one foramen at the extreme basal part of the neck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3FAEEE9EF913FC99E" blockId="7.[674,1212,216,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
In the scale
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FB17E9EF9690C958" box="[834,925,754,781]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-19 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC71E9EF9176C958" box="[1060,1147,754,781]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
), one foramen in the middle of the base and one tiny lateral foramen, could correspond in position to the “pulp” cavity “openings” described in
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3FC6BE84C96E8C9D9" authority="Karatajute-Talimaa, 1973" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1973" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Elegestolepididae" genus="Elegestolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elegestolepidida" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grossi">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FC6BE84C97D4C9DE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Elegestolepis grossi</emphasis>
Karatajute-Talimaa, 1973
</taxonomicName>
(Karatajute-Talimaa 1973: taf. 3), but in our scale there is no pulp cavity, so they are strictly vascular foramina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3FAEEE8CD96A7CEBC" blockId="7.[674,1212,216,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
A bigger scale,
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FB3DE8CD96C9C9BE" box="[872,964,976,1003]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-20 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC05E8CD91A6C9BE" box="[1104,1195,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
), shows about nine ridges converging and reaching the top and slightly displaced. Smaller ridges starting at the margin of the crown are intercalated between them. The crown outline is oval and the margin crenulated. The elliptical base has the same orientation as the crown. In basal view (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC1FEF939193CEFC" box="[1098,1182,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FCF5EF8691A7CEF9" box="[1184,1194,1179,1196]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4BFFA3FCF5EF8691A7CEF9" attach="right" box="[1184,1194,1179,1196]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
), a tenuous limit underlines the boundary between the crown and the neck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3FAF0EE1096E6CF72" blockId="7.[676,1211,1293,1700]" box="[677,1003,1293,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FAF0EE1096E6CF72" box="[677,1003,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
Flat-crowned scales (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FB2DEE1096BBCF72" box="[888,950,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E-G)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFA3FAF0EE3096B8CC10" blockId="7.[676,1211,1293,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
The scales
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FB47EE309661CF1D" box="[786,876,1325,1352]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-21 to 23 are flatter. The upper crown is ornamented with 4-7 ridges converging backward and separated by wide grooves. The lower lateral crown is either smooth (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC06EE9191ADCFF2" box="[1107,1184,1420,1447]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FCF5EE8491A7CFFF" box="[1184,1194,1433,1450]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4BFFA3FCF5EE8491A7CFFF" attach="left" box="[1184,1194,1433,1450]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
), or with ridges parallel or perpendicular (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FC0DEEB691AACF93" box="[1112,1191,1451,1478]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FCF2EEA591BCCF9C" box="[1191,1201,1464,1481]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4BFFA3FCF2EEA591BCCF9C" attach="left" box="[1191,1201,1464,1481]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) to the central crown ridges. The flat base, narrower than the crown, may show two foramina in
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C4BFFA3FAF0ED1797F3CC70" box="[677,766,1546,1573]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-22 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FBD6ED1796DDCC70" box="[899,976,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C4BFFA3FB9AED0A96D4CC7D" box="[975,985,1559,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C4BFFA3FB9AED0A96D4CC7D" attach="left" box="[975,985,1559,1576]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
): one near the centre and one near the margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C4BFFADFAEEED57940FC918" blockId="7.[676,1211,1293,1700]" lastBlockId="9.[112,648,216,845]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
The morphology of the scales is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C4BFFA3FA90ED7491B4CCD1" authority="Vieth-Schreiner, 1983" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[709,1209,1641,1668]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangula">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C4BFFA3FA90ED7496B8CCD6" box="[709,949,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Wetteldorfia triangula</emphasis>
Vieth-Schreiner, 1983
</taxonomicName>
(Vieth-Schreiner 1983: taf. 1. 1-9; Emsian-lower Eifelian), which is considered as an acanthodian. Here the circular base is smaller than the crown whereas
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C44FFACF899ED94974DCCF1" authority="Vieth-Schreiner, 1983" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[204,576,1673,1700]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF899ED949447CCF6" box="[204,330,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
Vieth-Schreiner, 1983
</taxonomicName>
shows a forwardly displaced, diamond-shaped base. The scales are smaller (1-1.5 mm) than those of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C44FFACFCD2ED7797F2CCF6" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFCD2ED7797F2CCF6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="857A9B586C44FFACFB47ED949650CCF1" box="[786,861,1673,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
). The histological structure of some scales of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C45FFADF945EBC5949CCAA7" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[272,401,216,242]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF945EBC5949CCAA7" box="[272,401,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Eifel (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C45FFADFA68EBC59417CB46" author="SCHREINER J." pageId="9" pageNumber="218" pagination="129 - 177" refId="ref10908" refString="VIETH- SCHREINER J. 1983. - Fisch-Schuppen und - Zahne aus der Eifeler Kalkmulden-Zone (Emsium, Eifelium). Senckenbergiana lethaea 64 (2): 129 - 177." type="journal article" year="1983">ViethSchreiner 1983</bibRefCitation>
: abb. 7, 8) recalls that of the highneck scales (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF8ACEA0A9431CB67" box="[249,316,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs 5</figureCitation>
A-D; 7E
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADF9C8EA3994AACB60" attach="right" box="[413,423,292,309]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
), with a box-in-box structure with only two or three growth lines in the crown, which do not continue in the base. In Vieth-Schreiners drawings, internal growth zones seem to terminate before the surface. Furthermore, the same tissues are visible in the same position. Usually, in the center of the crown of acanthodian scales, a primordium is visible. It is present neither in the thin sections of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C45FFADFA52E908978BC87A" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[519,646,533,559]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADFA52E908978BC87A" box="[519,646,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Eifel, nor in our material (morphologically more closely corresponding to
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF9A0E9499741C83A" box="[501,588,596,623]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figure 5</figureCitation>
A-D; the material that shows the external morphology of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C45FFADF8C4E98E941EC8F8" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[145,275,659,685]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF8C4E98E941EC8F8" box="[145,275,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been sectioned).
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C45FFADFA6FE98E95BDC898" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADFA6FE98E95BDC898" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also described from the Emsian of
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C45FFADFA1DE9AE95B5C8BB" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C45FFADF893E9CE9494C8BB" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." box="[198,409,723,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref9231" refString="BURROW C. J., LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D. 2006. - Gnathostome microremains from the Lower Devonian Jawf Formation, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Paleontology 80 (3): 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="2006">
Burrow
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF977E9CE945BC8B8" box="[290,342,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 4.12, 13, 15, 16) but is different from the
<typeStatus id="9D39881F6C45FFADF92FE9EF94A4C958" box="[378,425,754,781]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
species, and
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C45FFADFA61E9EF9436C978" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." pageId="9" pageNumber="218" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref9231" refString="BURROW C. J., LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D. 2006. - Gnathostome microremains from the Lower Devonian Jawf Formation, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Paleontology 80 (3): 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="2006">
Burrow
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF825E80E95A5C979" box="[112,168,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">et al.</emphasis>
(2006: 544)
</bibRefCitation>
proposed a revised diagnosis of the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="16FD66356C44FFACF824EEB79443CC43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" startId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" targetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C44FFACF824EEB79443CC43" blockId="8.[112,1211,1450,1561]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C44FFACF9D9EEB7972BCFEE" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[396,550,1450,1467]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi" status="n. gen.,n. sp.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF9D9EEB7972BCFEE" box="[396,550,1450,1467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C44FFACFA7CEEB7979BCFEE" box="[553,662,1450,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">n. gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFC42EEB79129CFEE" bold="true" box="[1047,1060,1450,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">A</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-17;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF825EEDC9588CF80" bold="true" box="[112,133,1473,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF82BEED49588CF80" attach="right" box="[126,133,1481,1493]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF8AFEEDC9403CF80" bold="true" box="[250,270,1473,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF952EED49403CF80" attach="left" box="[263,270,1481,1493]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF929EEDC9484CF87" bold="true" box="[380,393,1473,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">B</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-18;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFA7FEEDC9733CF80" bold="true" box="[554,574,1473,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFA62EED49733CF80" attach="left" box="[567,574,1481,1493]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFAE6EEDC97CACF80" bold="true" box="[691,711,1473,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFA95EED497CACF80" attach="left" box="[704,711,1481,1493]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFB60EEDC964ECF87" bold="true" box="[821,835,1473,1490]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">C</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-19;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFBB1EEDC96F5CF80" bold="true" box="[996,1016,1473,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFBA4EED496F5CF80" attach="left" box="[1009,1016,1481,1493]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFC32EEDC9171CF80" bold="true" box="[1127,1148,1473,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFC20EED49171CF80" attach="left" box="[1141,1148,1481,1493]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF8F7EEC595BDCFBC" bold="true" box="[162,176,1496,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">D</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-20;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF905EEC59468CFBE" bold="true" box="[336,357,1496,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
D
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF90BEEC29468CFBE" attach="left" box="[350,357,1503,1515]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF98FEEC594E2CFBE" bold="true" box="[474,495,1496,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
D
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF9BDEEC294E2CFBE" attach="left" box="[488,495,1503,1515]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFA08EEC59764CFBC" bold="true" box="[605,617,1496,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">E</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-21;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFB5FEEC59610CFBE" bold="true" box="[778,797,1496,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
E
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFB43EEC29610CFBE" attach="left" box="[790,797,1503,1515]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFBC7EEC596A8CFBE" bold="true" box="[914,933,1496,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
E
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFBCBEEC296A8CFBE" attach="left" box="[926,933,1503,1515]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFC41EEC59112CFBC" bold="true" box="[1044,1055,1496,1513]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">F</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-22;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF827EEF39589CC57" bold="true" box="[114,132,1518,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
F
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF828EEEB9589CC57" attach="left" box="[125,132,1526,1538]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF8A8EEF39402CC57" bold="true" box="[253,271,1518,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
F
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF95DEEEB9402CC57" attach="left" box="[264,271,1526,1538]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACF9D4EEF39482CFAA" bold="true" box="[385,399,1518,1535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">G</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-23;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFA61EEF39747CC57" bold="true" box="[564,586,1518,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
G
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFA16EEEB9747CC57" attach="right" box="[579,586,1526,1538]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C44FFACFA96EEF397D5CC57" bold="true" box="[707,728,1518,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
G
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFA84EEEB97D5CC57" attach="left" box="[721,728,1526,1538]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFBBAEEEB96FBCC57" attach="left" box="[1007,1014,1526,1538]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
, D
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACFC45EEEB911ACC57" attach="left" box="[1040,1047,1526,1538]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF82AED10958BCC4C" attach="right" box="[127,134,1549,1561]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
, 400 μm; D
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF8B2ED1095E3CC4C" attach="left" box="[231,238,1549,1561]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</subScript>
, G
<subScript id="DE0634F86C44FFACF953ED109400CC4C" attach="left" box="[262,269,1549,1561]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">1</subScript>
, 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADF824E86C94A0C9DE" blockId="9.[112,648,881,1257]" box="[113,429,881,907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF824E86C94A0C9DE" box="[113,429,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
Leaf-shaped scales (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF962E86C94A9C9DE" box="[311,420,881,907]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADF824E88C95EECEBC" blockId="9.[112,648,881,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
These flat diamond-shaped scales show ridges converging in the centre of the convex crown, some very worn (ALD-25;
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF9FAE8CD9709C9BE" box="[431,516,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA51E8C09703C9BB" box="[516,526,989,1006]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFA51E8C09703C9BB" attach="left" box="[516,526,989,1006]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA4AE8CD9732C9BE" box="[543,575,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">7B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA6AE8C09744C9BB" box="[575,585,989,1006]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFA6AE8C09744C9BB" attach="left" box="[575,585,989,1006]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) and others less so (ALD-24;
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF92FE8ED94DFCE5E" box="[378,466,1008,1035]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF987E8ED94D1CE5E" box="[466,476,1008,1035]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">1</figureCitation>
). Shorter ridges appear on the lateral sides of the crown (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA76EF0D977ECE7E" box="[547,627,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA20EF019580CE18" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFA20EF019772CE78" attach="right" box="[629,639,1052,1069]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADF8D6EF219580CE18" attach="right" box="[131,141,1084,1101]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). The flame outline corresponds to two concave opposite sides and two other more convex ones (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF8ECEF72941DCEDF" box="[185,272,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF945EF669417CED9" box="[272,282,1147,1164]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADF945EF669417CED9" attach="left" box="[272,282,1147,1164]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">1</subScript>
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). The base is flat (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF9ADEF72975DCEDF" box="[504,592,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA05EF669757CED9" box="[592,602,1147,1164]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFA05EF669757CED9" attach="left" box="[592,602,1147,1164]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) or slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF970EF93947ACEFC" box="[293,375,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF922EF86948CCEF9" box="[375,385,1179,1196]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADF922EF86948CCEF9" attach="left" box="[375,385,1179,1196]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
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). The neck is short and nipped-in waist (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF97EEFB39471CE9C" box="[299,380,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF929EFA6948BCE99" box="[380,390,1211,1228]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADF929EFA6948BCE99" attach="left" box="[380,390,1211,1228]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
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). These scales are wider than high.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADF824EE109449CF72" blockId="9.[111,647,1293,1576]" box="[113,324,1293,1319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF824EE109449CF72" box="[113,324,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
Spiny scale (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF8BAEE109430CF72" box="[239,317,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADF824EE3094B6CC70" blockId="9.[111,647,1293,1576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
A spiny crowned scale,
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.F.ALD-29, has a nipped-in waist, high neck and a flat base (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA76EE519763CF32" box="[547,622,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA38EE44977ACF3F" box="[621,631,1369,1386]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFA38EE44977ACF3F" attach="left" box="[621,631,1369,1386]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
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). Three broad spines are distributed with one at the top of the crown and two on one side (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA4BEE919760CFF2" box="[542,621,1420,1447]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA38EE84977ACFFF" box="[621,631,1433,1450]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFA38EE84977ACFFF" attach="left" box="[621,631,1433,1450]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">1</subScript>
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). Smaller, more irregularly distributed, spines may be joined by a crest to the highest spine in two files (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF82CEEF695CFCC53" box="[121,194,1515,1542]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF896EEE595C0CC5C" box="[195,205,1528,1545]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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). It resembles isolated tubercles of the scale
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C45FFADF83AED1795C7CC70" box="[111,202,1546,1573]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-17 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF91AED1794ADCC70" box="[335,416,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADF9F4ED0A94A6CC7D" box="[417,427,1559,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADF824ED579671C845" blockId="9.[113,646,1610,1700]" lastBlockId="9.[674,1212,216,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADF824ED57978BCC31" box="[113,646,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
Scales with parallel ridges on the crown (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFA59ED579773CC31" box="[524,638,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
The two scales
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.F.ALD-26, 27 have a flat, posteriorly elongated crown. The crown is ornamented with four, strong, subparallel ridges the biggest one in the middle separated by wide grooves (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFAFFEA0A960DCB67" box="[682,768,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB57EA399601CB60" box="[770,780,292,309]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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). The second scale
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.F.ALD-27 shows seven ridges beginning in the anterior part, and two supplementary ones intercalated in the posterior part (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB11EA6B969BCBC4" box="[836,918,374,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBC0EA9E9692CBC1" box="[917,927,387,404]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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). The bases are different in these two scales: more flat for
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.F.ALD-26 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFAF9EAAB97F2CB84" box="[684,767,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFAABEADE9605CB81" box="[766,776,451,468]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) and more convex and diamond-shaped for
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.F.ALD-27 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBFCEAC896F3CBA5" box="[937,1022,469,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBA8EAFF910ACBA6" box="[1021,1031,482,499]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) with a foramen in a lateral position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADFAEEE9089611C8BB" blockId="9.[674,1212,216,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
The scale
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.F.ALD-26 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC50E9089154C865" box="[1029,1113,533,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC0CE93F916EC866" box="[1113,1123,546,563]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) evokes a scale of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C45FFADFB40E92997D2C83A" authority="Karatajute-Talimaa, 1973" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1973" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Elegestolepididae" genus="Elegestolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elegestolepidida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grossi">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADFB40E92996D8C81B" box="[789,981,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Elegestolepis grossi</emphasis>
Karatajute-Talimaa, 1973
</taxonomicName>
, from the Silurian of Tuva (Karatajute-Talimaa 1973: taf. 3, figs 5c, 6a), with a high neck and a flat base, and is associated with scales showing a more diamond-shaped base,like that in
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.F.ALD-27 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFAFFE9CE9609C8BB" box="[682,772,723,750]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB51E9CE9602C8BB" box="[772,783,723,750]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADFAF0E80F9684C979" blockId="9.[677,1209,786,971]" box="[677,905,786,812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C45FFADFAF0E80F9684C979" box="[677,905,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
Broken scale (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB67E80F968CC979" box="[818,897,786,812]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADFAF0E82F96BDC99E" blockId="9.[677,1209,786,971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
The broken scale
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.F.ALD-28 shows a rounded convex base protruding forward of the crown (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFAAEE86C9647C9D9" box="[763,842,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB1EE8639658C9DA" box="[843,853,894,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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). One foramen is visible on the high neck. The fore-crown displays ridges that are inserted low on the base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADFAF0E8EC9662CE5D" blockId="9.[675,1211,1009,1700]" box="[677,879,1009,1035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">SCALES HISTOLOGY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADFAF0EF0D9680CF93" blockId="9.[675,1211,1009,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
Thin section 1
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.F.ALD-30 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC4AEF0D9160CE7E" box="[1055,1133,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC3BEF019175CE78" box="[1134,1144,1052,1069]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFC3BEF019175CE78" attach="right" box="[1134,1144,1052,1069]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
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), thin section 3
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.F.ALD-32 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBBBEF32914CCE1F" box="[1006,1089,1071,1098]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC16EF219140CE18" box="[1091,1101,1084,1101]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFC16EF219140CE18" attach="right" box="[1091,1101,1084,1101]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
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) and thin section 5
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.F.ALD-35 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBBFEF52914DCE3F" box="[1002,1088,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC14EF419146CE38" box="[1089,1099,1116,1133]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C45FFADFC14EF419146CE38" attach="right" box="[1089,1099,1116,1133]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">2</subScript>
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) are vertical sections of scales with a high neck, converging crown ridges and a flat base (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBA0EF93913ACEFC" box="[1013,1079,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-D). Thin sections 2
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.F.ALD-31 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC53EFB39156CE9C" box="[1030,1115,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC09EFA6916BCE99" box="[1116,1126,1211,1228]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) and 4
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.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBDFEFD396D4CEBC" box="[906,985,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB8CEFC696EECEB9" box="[985,995,1243,1260]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) are of flatter scales like
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C45FFADFA8FEFF09637CF5D" box="[730,826,1261,1288]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-24 and 25 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC7FEFF091A1CF5D" box="[1066,1196,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
). Thin section 4
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.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC6DEE109181CF7D" box="[1080,1164,1293,1320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFCD9EE07919BCF7E" box="[1164,1174,1306,1323]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) is of a scale that is wider than high, but also with wide grooves and thin ridges converging at an eccentric apex. In the
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBCDEE7196F8CFD2" box="[920,1013,1388,1415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figure 7</figureCitation>
, each thin section corresponds to the nearest scale morphology and bears the same letter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C45FFADFAEEEED69679CCF1" blockId="9.[675,1211,1009,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
Almost the entire scale internal structure comprises a network of meandering canals emerging in any part of the scale; canals can open out on the base (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB6EED379698CC10" box="[827,917,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBC0ED2A96C2CC1D" box="[917,975,1578,1608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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, C
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;
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFBB4ED37910CCC10" box="[993,1025,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC57ED2A9101CC1D" box="[1026,1036,1591,1608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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, C
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), the neck (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFAF9ED579608CC30" box="[684,773,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Figs 7C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB50ED4A9602CC3D" box="[773,783,1623,1640]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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;
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB4AED579633CC30" box="[799,830,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">5B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFB6AED4A9644CC3D" box="[831,841,1623,1640]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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) or on the crown (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC74ED57917ACC30" box="[1057,1143,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFC2DED4A918FCC3D" box="[1144,1154,1623,1640]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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, H
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C45FFADFCFDED4A91BFCC3D" box="[1192,1202,1623,1640]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
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, H
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). It consists of a distinctive
<typeStatus id="9D39881F6C45FFADFBAEED749127CCD1" box="[1019,1066,1641,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
of mesodentine (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C45FFADFA8AED94966ACCF1" author="ORVIG T." box="[735,871,1673,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" pagination="45 - 110" refId="ref10674" refString="ORVIG T. 1967. - Phylogeny of tooth tissues: evolution of some calcified tissues in early vertebrates, in Miles A. (ed.), Structural and chemical organization of teeth 1. Academic Press, New York: 45 - 110." type="book chapter" year="1967">Ørvig 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="16FD66356C46FFAEF824ED519105CCF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" startId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" targetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C46FFAEF824ED519105CCF4" blockId="10.[112,1211,1612,1700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C46FFAEF9D0ED51972DCC08" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[389,544,1612,1629]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi" status="n.gen.,n. sp.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF9D0ED51972DCC08" box="[389,544,1612,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C46FFAEFA76ED51979CCC08" box="[547,657,1612,1629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">n.gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFC43ED51912ECC08" bold="true" box="[1046,1059,1612,1629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-24;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF825ED7E9588CC23" bold="true" box="[112,133,1635,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEF82BED779588CC23" attach="right" box="[126,133,1642,1654]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF8ACED7E9400CC23" bold="true" box="[249,269,1635,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
A
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEF953ED779400CC23" attach="left" box="[262,269,1642,1654]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF92FED7E948ACC21" bold="true" box="[378,391,1635,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-25;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFA72ED7E9736CC23" bold="true" box="[551,571,1635,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFA61ED779736CC23" attach="left" box="[564,571,1642,1654]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFAFAED7E97CECC23" bold="true" box="[687,707,1635,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
B
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFAE9ED7797CECC23" attach="left" box="[700,707,1642,1654]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFB64ED7E9632CC21" bold="true" box="[817,831,1635,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-26;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFB8BED7E96FECC23" bold="true" box="[990,1011,1635,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFBB9ED7796FECC23" attach="left" box="[1004,1011,1642,1654]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFC32ED7E9171CC23" bold="true" box="[1127,1148,1635,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFC20ED779171CC23" attach="left" box="[1141,1148,1642,1654]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF8F5ED6495A3CCDF" bold="true" box="[160,174,1657,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-27;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF91CED649453CCD8" bold="true" box="[329,350,1657,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
D
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEF902ED9C9453CCD8" attach="left" box="[343,350,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF993ED6494D6CCD8" bold="true" box="[454,475,1657,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
D
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEF981ED9C94D6CCD8" attach="left" box="[468,475,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFA1CED649758CCDF" bold="true" box="[585,597,1657,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-28;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFAA4ED649609CCD8" bold="true" box="[753,772,1657,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
E
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFAA8ED9C9609CCD8" attach="left" box="[765,772,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, latero-basal view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFBF7ED6496B8CCD8" bold="true" box="[930,949,1657,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
E
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFBFBED9C96B8CCD8" attach="left" box="[942,949,1665,1677]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, front view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEFC43ED64912CCCDF" bold="true" box="[1046,1057,1657,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
, MNHN.F.ALD-29;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF825ED8D958ECCF1" bold="true" box="[112,131,1680,1700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
F
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEF829ED85958ECCF1" attach="left" box="[124,131,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
, crown view;
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C46FFAEF8A3ED8D9404CCF1" bold="true" box="[246,265,1680,1700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
F
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEF957ED859404CCF1" attach="right" box="[258,265,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFA04ED859755CCF1" attach="left" box="[593,600,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
, F
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFA3BED859778CCF1" attach="left" box="[622,629,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">1</subScript>
, 200 μm; C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFA83ED8597D0CCF1" attach="right" box="[726,733,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
, F
<subScript id="DE0634F86C46FFAEFAA7ED8597F4CCF1" attach="left" box="[754,761,1688,1700]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFF8DDEBC5973DC8BB" blockId="11.[110,648,216,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
A kind of box-in-box pattern is visible in the crown, but some elements of the previous generations of the scale may appear at the surface. Whereas thin section 3
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C47FFAFF9E5EA2A9701CB07" box="[432,524,311,338]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-32 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF82CEA4A95C0CB27" box="[121,205,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF898EA7E95DACB21" box="[205,215,355,372]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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) only shows one growth zone, thin sections 1, 2 and 5 show two growth stages (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFA73EA6B9778CBC4" box="[550,629,374,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFA20EA9E9772CBC1" box="[629,639,387,404]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFA20EA9E9772CBC1" attach="left" box="[629,639,387,404]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
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, B
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF8D6EABE9580CBE1" box="[131,141,419,436]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF8D6EABE9580CBE1" attach="right" box="[131,141,419,436]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
, H
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF8E0EABE95B2CBE1" box="[181,191,419,436]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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), with possibly more for thin section 4
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.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF90CEAAB94A7CB84" box="[345,426,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
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<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF9FCEADE94BECB81" attach="left" box="[425,435,451,468]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
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), based on the undulating ridges. The first stage, mainly invaded by the vascular canal network, emerges on the right side on
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C47FFAFF896E9089413C865" box="[195,286,533,560]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-35 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF9F1E90894F7C865" box="[420,506,533,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
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) and on the left one in
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.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF99EE9299711C81A" box="[459,540,564,591]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFA4BE95C9725C807" box="[542,552,577,594]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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). It may correspond to the intermediate external shorter ridges at the crown base (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF9D1E96994D8C8DA" box="[388,469,628,655]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF980E99C94D2C8C7" box="[469,479,641,658]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF980E99C94D2C8C7" attach="left" box="[469,479,641,658]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">1</subScript>
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). It means that the overlapping by the second growth stage is not complete and that this histology does not exactly correspond to a real box-in-box pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFF8DDE9EF9712C9BE" blockId="11.[110,648,216,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
Resorption-remobilization phenomena are observed:on the left side of the tip of
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.F.ALD-30 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF823E82F95C6C918" box="[118,203,818,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF89BE82295D5C905" box="[206,216,831,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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), in the middle part and right side of
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.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF90BE84C94BCC939" box="[350,433,849,876]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF9E7E84394B1C93A" box="[434,444,862,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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) and in the middle bulge of the first stage
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.F.ALD-35 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF82CE88C95C2C9F9" box="[121,207,913,940]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF89AE88395D4C9FA" box="[207,217,926,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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). Resorption was never found before in chondrichthyans, except in
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFF9CFE8AD9725C99F" box="[410,552,944,970]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Ctenacanthidae" genus="Ctenacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenacanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFF9CFE8AD9725C99F" box="[410,552,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Ctenacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from the Namurian (Derycke-Khatir 2005).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFF8DDE8ED9754CFB3" blockId="11.[110,648,216,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
More classically, bushes of pallial dentine (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFA08E8ED95F1CE7E" author="RADINSKY L." pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref10721" refString="RADINSKY L. 1961. - Tooth histology as a taxonomic criterion for cartilaginous fishes. Journal of Morphology 109 (1): 73 - 92." type="journal article" year="1961">Radinsky 1961</bibRefCitation>
) radiate from vascular canals under the crown surface, sometimes lined by a thin refringent layer. Two levels of dentine may appear inside the crown, for example in thin sections 1
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.F.ALD-30, 4
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.F.ALD-34 and 5
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.F.ALD-35 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF903EFB394A5CE9C" box="[342,424,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF9FDEFA69704CE99" box="[424,521,1198,1228]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF9FDEFA694BFCE99" attach="left" box="[424,434,1211,1228]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
, E
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, H
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). Sharpeys fibers and osteocytes are localized in the extreme basal part of the scales, and may be particularly dense in thin sections 1
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.F.ALD-30 and 5
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.F.ALD-35 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF92CEE3094D9CF1D" box="[377,468,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF980EE309716CF1D" box="[469,539,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2, H2</figureCitation>
). In thin section 4
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.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF993EE519716CF32" box="[454,539,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFA4EEE519724CF32" box="[539,553,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</figureCitation>
) the osteocytes are not randomly organized, surrounding vascular canals. The density and the organization of Sharpeys fibers and osteocytes are variable, possibly reflecting the maturity of the scale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFF8DDEEF695EACCF1" blockId="11.[110,648,216,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
In two thin sections (1
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C47FFAFF9D6EEF694D3CC53" box="[387,478,1515,1542]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-30 and 2
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C47FFAFF8D1ED1795ECCC70" box="[132,225,1546,1573]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-31,
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF930ED1794B8CC70" box="[357,437,1546,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF9E3ED0A94CDCC7D" box="[438,448,1559,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF9E3ED0A94CDCC7D" attach="right" box="[438,448,1559,1576]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
, B
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF98BED0A94E5CC7D" box="[478,488,1559,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF98BED0A94E5CC7D" attach="left" box="[478,488,1559,1576]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
), a short canal joining an aperture in the posterior part and in the basal part of the base corresponds to the openings and the notch visible on
<collectingRegion id="8046F85F6C47FFAFF9E4ED749703CCD1" box="[433,526,1641,1668]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">MNHN</collectingRegion>
.F.ALD-17 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF82DED9495C6CCF1" box="[120,203,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFF898ED8B95DACCF2" box="[205,215,1686,1703]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFF898ED8B95DACCF2" attach="right" box="[205,215,1686,1703]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFFAEEEBC59693C89B" blockId="11.[675,1212,216,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
Scale histology appears almost identical in the material of
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C47FFAFFB70EBE59679CB46" box="[805,884,248,275]" name="Algeria" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Algeria</collectingCountry>
and in the “
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFC54EBEA9184CB44" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[1025,1161,247,273]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Nogueralepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFC54EBEA9184CB44" box="[1025,1161,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Nogueralepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.” scales from the Jauf Formation of
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C47FFAFFC7CEA0A91B4CB67" box="[1065,1209,279,306]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFAFBEA2A9698CB07" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." box="[686,917,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref9231" refString="BURROW C. J., LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D. 2006. - Gnathostome microremains from the Lower Devonian Jawf Formation, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Paleontology 80 (3): 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="2006">
Burrow
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB45EA259647CB04" box="[784,842,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 11: 12-17, 23, 24). Crown ridges converge backwards or are subparallel in “
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB55EA6B968ACBC5" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[768,903,374,400]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Nogueralepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB55EA6B968ACBC5" box="[768,903,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Nogueralepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.”, and the scales have the same morphology as those of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFBA7EA8B91B4CBE5" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[1010,1209,406,432]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lessardi" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFBA7EA8B91B4CBE5" box="[1010,1209,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Tassiliodus lessardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C47FFAFFAF0EAAB964ECB84" box="[677,835,438,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with a very high neck and a flat base. They strickingly differ from those of the type-species of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB02EAE89175C845" authority="Wang, 1993" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[855,1144,501,528]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Nogueralepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB02EAE896EFC85A" box="[855,994,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Nogueralepis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFBBEEAE89175C845" author="WANG R." box="[1003,1144,501,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref10940" refString="WANG R. 1993. - Taxonomie, Palokologie und Biostratigraphie der Mikroichthyolithen aus dem Unterdevon Keltiberiens, Spanien. Courier Forschunginstitut Seckenberg 161: 1 - 208." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Lochkovian of Spain (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFB93E9089143C865" author="WANG R." box="[966,1102,533,560]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref10940" refString="WANG R. 1993. - Taxonomie, Palokologie und Biostratigraphie der Mikroichthyolithen aus dem Unterdevon Keltiberiens, Spanien. Courier Forschunginstitut Seckenberg 161: 1 - 208." type="journal article" year="1993">Wang 1993</bibRefCitation>
), particularly in their histology. The scales from
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C47FFAFFC2FE92997E3C83A" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
were probably misidentified and may in fact belong to our new taxon
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFBB9E9699152C8DB" authority="Derycke &amp; Goujet, 2011" authorityName="Derycke &amp; Goujet" authorityYear="2011" box="[1004,1119,628,654]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Tassiliodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFBB9E9699152C8DB" box="[1004,1119,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Tassiliodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BC557D46C47FFAFFC33E96991B8C8DA" box="[1126,1205,628,655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, reinforcing the close biogeographic affinity between these two areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFFAEEE9CE9651C9F9" blockId="11.[675,1212,216,940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
Thin section 4 MNHN.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFC07E9CE91ABC8BB" box="[1106,1190,723,750]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFCF3E9FD91BDC8A4" box="[1190,1200,736,753]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFCF3E9FD91BDC8A4" attach="left" box="[1190,1200,736,753]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) evokes a thin section of a tiny adult scale of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFC20E9EF962DC979" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1973" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Elegestolepididae" genus="Elegestolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elegestolepidida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grossi">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFC20E9EF962DC979" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Elegestolepis grossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Silurian of Tuva (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFC6AE80F9663C918" author="TALIMAA V." pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref9924" refString="KARATAJUTE- TALIMAA V. 1973. - Elegestolepis grossi gen. et sp. nov., ein neuer Typ der Placoidschuppe aus dem oberen Silur der Tuwa. Palaeontographica Abt. A, 143 (1 - 6): 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1973">KaratajuteTalimaa 1973: 42</bibRefCitation>
, abb. 3, E), but also the thin section of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB42E84C9699C93E" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[791,916,849,875]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB42E84C9699C93E" box="[791,916,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C47FFAFFB8FE84C9164C939" box="[986,1129,849,876]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, except for the growth zones of the base (
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFC73E86C97ECC9F9" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref9231" refString="BURROW C. J., LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D. 2006. - Gnathostome microremains from the Lower Devonian Jawf Formation, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Paleontology 80 (3): 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="2006">
Burrow
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFCD6E86F91B7C9DE" box="[1155,1210,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4: 16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFFAF0E8CF9625CC10" blockId="11.[675,1211,978,1700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
CONCLUSION FOR CHONDRICHTHYAN SCALES Scales with the morphology shown by MNHN.F. ALD-17, 19 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFB1DEF0D9683CE7E" box="[840,910,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-D) and histology with the network of meandering canals as in MNHN.F.ALD-30, 32 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFBEFEF529103CE3F" box="[954,1038,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFC5AEF419148CE38" box="[1039,1093,1103,1133]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFC5AEF419114CE38" attach="right" box="[1039,1049,1116,1133]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
, C
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFC6EEF419148CE38" attach="left" box="[1083,1093,1116,1133]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) resemble those of “
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB5DEF739687CEDD" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1993" box="[776,906,1134,1160]" class="Chondrichthyes" genus="Nogueralepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB5DEF739687CEDD" box="[776,906,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Nogueralepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.” from
<collectingCountry id="3A95762D6C47FFAFFBA1EF729176CEDF" box="[1012,1147,1135,1162]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="26134B4C6C47FFAFFCD2EF729644CEFC" author="BURROW C. J. &amp; LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D." pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="537 - 560" refId="ref9231" refString="BURROW C. J., LELIEVRE H. &amp; JANJOU D. 2006. - Gnathostome microremains from the Lower Devonian Jawf Formation, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Paleontology 80 (3): 537 - 560." type="journal article" year="2006">
Burrow
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFA81EF92960ACEFD" box="[724,775,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 11: 12-17, 23, 24). The scales MNHN.F.ALD-21-23 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFBFAEFB396E0CE9C" box="[943,1005,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E-G) morphologically resemble
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB15EFD096B3CEB2" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[832,958,1229,1255]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB15EFD096B3CEB2" box="[832,958,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scales (Vieth-Schreiner 1983: taf. 1.1-9), but the different morphotype of scales MNHN.F.ALD-17-19 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFC5BEE109146CF7D" box="[1038,1099,1293,1320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1450,1467]" captionTargetBox="[134,1204,239,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-65@8.[113,1210,214,1441]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5.— Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-17; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-18; B1, lateral view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-19; C1, basal view; C2, lateral view; D, MNHN.F.ALD-20; D1, crown view; D2, basal view; E, MNHN.F.ALD-21; E1, crown view; E2, basal view; F, MNHN.F.ALD-22; F1, crown view; F2, basal view; G, MNHN.F.ALD-23; G1, crown view; G2, basal view. Scale bars: A, B, C2, D1, E, F, G2, 500 μm; C1, 400 μm; D2, G1, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597057/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-D) corresponds to the histology of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB9AEE309140CF12" authorityName="Vieth-Schreiner" authorityYear="1983" box="[975,1101,1325,1351]" class="Actinopterygii" genus="Wetteldorfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB9AEE309140CF12" box="[975,1101,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Wetteldorfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFC0FEE3091A4CF1D" box="[1114,1193,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFCFCEE2791BECF1E" box="[1193,1203,1338,1355]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[187,1139,214,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[146,1177,183,1520]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geological map of North-West Africa after Fabre (1976:13). Numbers correspond to localities:1, Bechar; 2, Béni Abbès; 3, In Salah (Gour Bedda); 4, Reganne; 5, Ahnet; 6, Mouydir; 7, Illizi (Fort Polignac); 8, Ajjers; 9, Tin Seririne Syncline (Anou In Ateï-Taberia); 10, Oued Felaou; 11, In Debirène." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597047/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFCFCEE2791BECF1E" attach="left" box="[1193,1203,1338,1355]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
, E
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFAE3EE4497CDCF3F" box="[694,704,1369,1386]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFAE3EE4497CDCF3F" attach="left" box="[694,704,1369,1386]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). Thin section MNHN.F.ALD-34 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFC06EE5191A8CF32" box="[1107,1189,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1498,1515]" captionTargetBox="[168,1156,214,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[160,1163,207,1454]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. — Histology and corresponding morphology of chondrichthyan scales from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria: A-E, H, Tassiliodus lessardi n. gen., n. sp.; F, G, Milesacanthus cf. ancestralis; identical letters refer to the same scale in morphology and in thin section (except for D, corresponding to an internal view of a broken scale photographed by SEM, and for F, which was lost in the SEM); A, crown view and sagittal thin section 1 of a scale with converging ridges posteriorly and high-neck (MNHN.F.ALD-30); B, thin section 2 and crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges only fringing the crown (MNHN.F.ALD-31); C, lateral view of a high-neck scale and thin section 3 (MNHN.F.ALD-32); D, SEM micrograph of internal view of a high-necked scale (MNHN.F.ALD-33); E, crown view of a dumpy scale with radiating ridges reaching the middle of the scale, and thin section 4 (MNHN.F.ALD-34); H, lateral view of a scale with converging ridges in the middle of the scale and a high neck, and thin section 5 (MNHN.F.ALD-35); F, posterolateral view (MNHN.F.ALD-40); G, thin section 9 (MNHN.F.ALD-41). Scale bars: A-E, H, 500 μm; F, 300 μm; G, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597061/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFCF3EE4491BDCF3F" box="[1190,1200,1369,1386]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,212,1291]" captionTargetId="figure-136@3.[126,1197,205,1307]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 2. — Geological map of the Devonian and Carboniferous in southern Ahaggar after Fabre (1976: 154). Localities: 1, In Debirène; 2, Tin Rerhoh; 3, Oued Felaou; 4, Anou Izileg; 5, Touaret-Tim Mersoï; 6, Talak." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
<subScript id="DE0634F86C47FFAFFCF3EE4491BDCF3F" attach="right" box="[1190,1200,1369,1386]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) also evokes the histology of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFB8AEE71916ECFD3" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1973" box="[991,1123,1388,1414]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Elegestolepididae" genus="Elegestolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elegestolepidida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFB8AEE71916ECFD3" box="[991,1123,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Elegestolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for the lack of a pulp cavity and its finer calibre canals (Karatajute-Talimaa 1973: 42, abb. 3, E). Two other scales, MNHN.F.ALD-26, 27 (
<figureCitation id="DAB92A386C47FFAFFA81EEF69655CC53" box="[724,856,1515,1542]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-45@10.[387,662,788,980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 6. Chondrichthyan scales of Tassiliodus lessardi n.gen.,n. sp.from the Emsian (Devonian) of southern Algeria:A, MNHN.F.ALD-24; A1, crown view; A2, basal view; B, MNHN.F.ALD-25; B1, crown view; B2, basal view; C, MNHN.F.ALD-26; C1, crown view; C2, lateral view;D, MNHN.F.ALD-27;D1, basal view;D2, crown view;E, MNHN.F.ALD-28;E1, latero-basal view;E2, front view;F, MNHN.F.ALD-29; F1, crown view; F2, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C1, F1, 200 μm; C2, F2, 300 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4597059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4597059/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
), resemble the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="85824D3E6C47FFAFFAF2ED179620CC71" authorityName="Karatajute-Talimaa" authorityYear="1973" box="[679,813,1546,1572]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Elegestolepididae" genus="Elegestolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elegestolepidida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="70F6EAAF6C47FFAFFAF2ED179620CC71" box="[679,813,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Elegestolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Karatajute-Talimaa 1973: taf. 3, figs 5c, 6a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="423D36BD6C47FFAFFAE9ED5796D7CCF1" blockId="11.[675,1211,978,1700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">The distinctive histological structure indicates that all these scales may belong to the squamation of the same chondrichthyan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>