treatments-xml/data/C0/47/87/C04787D4FFF4FFDFFF07FE596188CD6A.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:15 +02:00

380 lines
49 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="6ABA282BA8375DE6DDC9ACA0246FE843" ID-CLB-Dataset="7890" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4423340" ID-ZooBank="C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610022441531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. &amp; Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2020" docId="C04787D4FFF4FFDFFF07FE596188CD6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4871.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4871 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ixodes frontalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="3C7EFFACFFE9FFC2FF90FFA76543CB47" masterDocTitle="Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698923194747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2301AB5D65E0697E4A8914B31B7F8DAD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3F338B0400ED382DD39EC227E8102385">
<mods:title id="734CE78986A9F61D955CA9E0EEB9148F">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7E317636FF24A59F9B40B9F8D060DC88" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8845F401D06C44728285C4A9E72CC7B9">
<mods:roleTerm id="14290BB0299BDFAA2B6E2DD0BC7D597D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A585686007828BF7CFA662220D709AB5">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="30D20BAB0610606C776C218268A6FD56" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FE7FE4ECBAD78216926BB00D4D463688" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EAE91570C63D06E76C7113C6F8786CFD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D40143862237F6E451609F01BBC85D87">
<mods:roleTerm id="94A3DCBC76B1FA82771729F1CC40A405">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="24E02DC664EC55A52F2F87F5F71D2B2F">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="55D8C4CDCC7AA6C475B6F7928E63E1E5" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9135-4546</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="26DAA93405B08205AD5C862C2CCE38FE" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E0DF9208EE9D68613CB4A2F0A5D398B8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FCAB6AA870F4CB29CB70668593A9F155">
<mods:roleTerm id="571A2357D86AC47A11CD676C7AA0C67B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5E5D01D2EA7BED7187924D306635995B">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B2426414319F4330C349B6C8399C61D3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="28BF2DDC574B5C0B05A372C9AAC5DAE5" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4757E7AAB964466E402D7A54040CC359">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="091CEC3CA0EC4B45E1C199D45611D75E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3854DFD0A1147606D65A34FDB8743467">
<mods:title id="BA1E12A0AF0034A373401D9E956D0CBD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E9885E6D73E09A017BA2073CC1760C67">
<mods:date id="86EE85043431CDB9051FBB814D8F9572">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CFAF141B6845FC42C6D3D5F497C205AB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="097B58E9CB6BAACC48E677901AEF8C62">2020-11-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2BBCFC553850AA647DB31526E41CB2C5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="590176B12271063189013DA060B19DE1">4871</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="894FA842DDC030DCDCF2F7946E773D67" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1DBF8A212EC765765F8A1FBD332F0EB2">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="14E91929CEF5A868FF0E04444722D7C1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3EE05303A9E5154CF68752FC2B09C20A">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1ED35B8599B42EB4072E52E7D70B896B">322</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="1F9AA6EF51CEB536169E4BB76DD90798">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5FB153C1F8C02352F4F1F021C41140C9" type="CLB-Dataset">7890</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A07FB536AAEE4BFB89409A27796E3A8E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D3D26D96C148C1E746292ABDD67351FE" type="GBIF-Dataset">344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5A055DF440539DDC933E68677EA07AB7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="422E1F0B4527F2ABCB96CABB4C4BCC5B" type="Zenodo-Dep">4423340</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C541AD429F35BD908CDDBAD958BB0884" type="ZooBank">C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C04787D4FFF4FFDFFF07FE596188CD6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4576250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179989692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4576250" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FFF4FFDFFF07FE596188CD6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FFF4FFDFFF07FE596188CD6A" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFF4FFDFFF07FE59676FC95E" box="[151,556,510,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FE59676FC95E" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" box="[151,556,510,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FE5965F9C95F" bold="true" box="[151,186,510,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">86.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFF57FE59676BC95E" ID-CoL="6NBX9" authority="(Panzer, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[199,552,510,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF57FE59643FC95E" bold="true" box="[199,380,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE1AFE586763C95E" author="Panzer, G. W. F." box="[394,544,511,537]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref236823" refString="Panzer, G. W. F. (1798) Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia, part 59, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1798">Panzer, 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFF4FFDFFDA1FE5866C6C98A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFDA1FE5866C6C98A" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFAD3FE5865AAC97A" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFF62FD84641AC97A" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[242,345,547,573]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
, but this species has also been recorded from other
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFC1DFD846687C97A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[909,964,547,573]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
(several orders), with rare records of adult ticks from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFE9FFDE064C0C926" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[271,387,583,609]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFE1CFDE0649DC926" box="[396,478,583,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFD83FDE067CCC926" box="[531,655,583,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mustelidae</taxonomicName>
(Guglielmone
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFCA7FDE0662CC926" box="[823,879,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2014,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC29FDE06129C926" author="Cull, B. &amp; Pietzsch, M. E. &amp; Hansford, K. M. &amp; Gillingham, E. L. &amp; Medlock, J. M." box="[953,1130,583,609]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="605 - 614" refId="ref193492" refString="Cull, B., Pietzsch, M. E., Hansford, K. M., Gillingham, E. L. &amp; Medlock, J. M. (2018) Surveillance of British ticks: an overview of species records, host associations, and new records of Ixodes ricinus distribution. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 605 - 614. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.011" type="journal article" year="2018">
Cull
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFC60FDE06164C926" box="[1008,1063,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFBEBFDE0606BC926" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1147,1320,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFBEBFDE0606BC926" box="[1147,1320,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was listed as a very rare parasite of humans in
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFDBFFDCC66E9C9C2" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[559,938,619,645]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref204760" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone and Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC71FDCC61E7C9C2" author="Cull, B. &amp; Pietzsch, M. E. &amp; Gillingham, E. L. &amp; McGinley, L. &amp; Medlock, J. M. &amp; Hansford, K. M." box="[993,1188,619,645]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="112 - 121" refId="ref193574" refString="Cull, B., Pietzsch, M. E., Gillingham, E. L., McGinley, L., Medlock, J. M. &amp; Hansford, K. M. (2020) Seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in the United Kingdom. Zoonoses and Public Health, 67, 112 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zph. 12659" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cull
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFB89FDCC6111C9C2" box="[1049,1106,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
added new records of human parasitism by this tick, and
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD8DFD286794C9EE" author="Kar, S. &amp; Yilmazer, N. &amp; Akyildiz, G. &amp; Gargili, A." box="[541,727,655,681]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref216921" refString="Kar, S., Yilmazer, N., Akyildiz, G. &amp; Gargili, A. (2017) The human infestation ticks in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity with references to a new species for Turkey. Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 22, 2245 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 22.12.14" type="book" year="2017">
Kar
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFDDEFD2867C5C9EE" box="[590,646,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded several specimens from humans, although these latter records have been questioned in
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD95FD1466C3C98A" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[517,896,691,717]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref204760" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone and Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFF4FFDFFF07FD706188CD6A" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FD706428C9B6" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" box="[151,363,726,753]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FD7065F8C9B6" bold="true" box="[151,187,727,753]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF52FD706428C9B6" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[194,363,726,753]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref182830" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1952 a) Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1795. A review of the species. Parasitology, 42, 151 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084390" type="journal article" year="1952">Arthur (1952a)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FD5C6186C852" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" box="[151,1221,763,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FD5C65F1C852" bold="true" box="[151,178,763,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF29FD5C641BC852" author="Panzer, G. W. F." box="[185,344,763,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref236823" refString="Panzer, G. W. F. (1798) Faunae Insectorum Germanicae Initia, part 59, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1798">Panzer (1798)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFD88FD5C678FC852" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1798" box="[536,716,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Acarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFD88FD5C678FC852" box="[536,716,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Acarus frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and given its current status in
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFBBAFD5C6186C852" author="Koch, C. L." box="[1066,1221,763,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch (1844a)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FCB8675AC87E" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" box="[151,537,798,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FCB865F6C87E" bold="true" box="[151,181,799,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF2AFCB86424C87E" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[186,359,798,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="175 - 177" refId="ref182968" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 b) The immature stages of Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1795. Parasitology, 43, 175 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000018461" type="journal article" year="1953">Arthur (1953b)</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FCE4675AC81A" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" box="[151,537,834,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FCE465F0C81A" bold="true" box="[151,179,835,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF2AFCE46424C81A" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[186,359,834,861]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="175 - 177" refId="ref182968" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 b) The immature stages of Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1795. Parasitology, 43, 175 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000018461" type="journal article" year="1953">Arthur (1953b)</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FCC1640BC8C7" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" box="[151,328,870,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FCC1640BC8C7" bold="true" box="[151,328,870,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FC2C67E8C88E" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FC2C65F8C8E2" bold="true" box="[151,187,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF53FC2C64C1C8E2" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[195,386,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE1FFC2C672AC8E2" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[399,617,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref243569" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1990) Mais dois novos ixodideos (Acarina, Ixodoidea) para a fauna de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 4 - 15 (117), 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="1990">Santos Dias (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFDE5FC2C664AC8E2" author="Siuda, K." box="[629,777,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC86FC2C6684C8E1" author="Hillyard, P. D." box="[790,967,907,934]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref207142" refString="Hillyard, P. D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 178 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hillyard (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC44FC2C6135C8E2" author="Slovak, M." box="[980,1142,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref246828" refString="Slovak, M. (2010) Pictorial key to the adult ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 22, 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="2010">Slovák (2010)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB12FC2C60DBC8E2" author="Bona, M. &amp; Stanko, M." box="[1154,1432,907,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="478 - 481" refId="ref188629" refString="Bona, M. &amp; Stanko, M. (2013) First record of the tick Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1795) [sic] (Acari, Ixodidae) in Slovakia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 4, 478 - 481. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2013.06.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FFF4FFDFFB12FC2C61FEC8E2" box="[1154,1213,907,933]" name="Algeria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bona</collectingCountry>
and Stanko (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF07FC086438C88E" author="Heylen, D. &amp; De Coninck, E. &amp; Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M." box="[151,379,943,969]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="693 - 700" refId="ref207039" refString="Heylen, D., De Coninck, E., Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M. (2014) Differential diagnosis of three common Ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of Western Europe: Ixodes arboricola, I. frontalis and I. ricinus. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 693 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2014.05.006" type="journal article" year="2014">
Heylen
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF7FFC086464C88E" box="[239,295,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE17FC0867E8C88E" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." box="[391,683,943,969]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFDB1FC086719C88E" box="[545,602,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FC7464D4CF1E" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FC7465F1C8AA" bold="true" box="[151,178,979,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF2AFC746428C8AA" author="Olenev, N. O." box="[186,363,979,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref235584" refString="Olenev, N. O. (1931 a) Parasitic ticks (Ixodoidea) of USSR. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologischeskim Muzeem Akademii Nauk, 4, 1 - 125. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1931">Olenev (1931a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFEE8FC746771C8AA" author="Schulze, P." box="[376,562,979,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="432 - 437" refId="ref244614" refString="Schulze, P. (1933 c) Neue und wenig bekannte deutsche Ixodes - Arten. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 6, 432 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02121956" type="journal article" year="1933">Schulze (1933c)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFDAFFC746624C8AA" author="Pomerantzev, B. I. &amp; Matikashvili, N. V. &amp; Lotozky, B. V." box="[575,871,979,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="100 - 133" refId="ref238435" refString="Pomerantzev, B. I., Matikashvili, N. V. &amp; Lotozky, B. V. (1940) An ecological and faunistic outline of Ixodidae ticks occurring in Transcaucasia. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 7, 100 - 133. [in Russian, NAMRU- 3 translation 51]" type="journal article" year="1940">
Pomerantzev
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFD49FC746650C8AA" box="[729,787,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(1940)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFCE4FC746118C8AA" author="Pomerantzev, B. I." box="[884,1115,978,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 224" refId="ref238400" refString="Pomerantzev, B. I. (1950) Ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In: Fauna SSSR, Paukoobraznye, 4 (2), 1 - 224. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1950">Pomerantzev (1950)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFBF6FC74604AC8AA" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1126,1289,978,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref182830" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1952 a) Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1795. A review of the species. Parasitology, 42, 151 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084390" type="journal article" year="1952">Arthur (1952a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFA85FC75601CC8AA" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1301,1375,978,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="239 - 245" refId="ref183049" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 d) Ixodes theileri n. sp., with observations on species confused therewith. Parasitology, 43, 239 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000018606" type="journal article" year="1953">1953d</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFAE4FC746451CF55" author="Babos, S." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE8EFC50675ECF56" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" box="[286,541,1015,1041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFDB9FC5067ABCF56" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[553,744,1015,1041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD65FC50668DCF56" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[757,974,1015,1041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="153 - 170" refId="ref243569" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1990) Mais dois novos ixodideos (Acarina, Ixodoidea) para a fauna de Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia, 4 - 15 (117), 153 - 170." type="journal article" year="1990">Santos Dias (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC49FC5061D7CF56" author="Tovornik, D." box="[985,1172,1015,1041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="157 - 164" refId="ref251676" refString="Tovornik, D. (1991) Data on ticks Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1798) and Ixodes arboricola Schulze et Schlottke, 1929 found on birds in Yugoslavia. Biologii Vestnik, 39, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1991">Tovornik (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB0FFC506070CF56" author="Siuda, K." box="[1183,1331,1015,1041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFAAFFC5065A7CF71" author="Hillyard, P. D." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref207142" refString="Hillyard, P. D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 178 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hillyard (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF64FBBC6740CF72" author="Lundqvist, L. &amp; Gray, J. S. &amp; Hillyard, P. D." box="[244,515,1051,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="215 - 216" refId="ref227712" refString="Lundqvist, L., Gray, J. S. &amp; Hillyard, P. D. (1998) Ixodes frontalis on the Baltic island of Gotland, Sweden. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 12, 215 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2915.1998.00101. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
Lundqvist
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFEE0FBBC64EFCF72" box="[368,428,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD83FBBC67FBCF72" author="Slovak, M." box="[531,696,1051,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref246828" refString="Slovak, M. (2010) Pictorial key to the adult ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 22, 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="2010">Slovák (2010)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD58FBBC66F7CF72" author="Schorn, S. &amp; Schol, H. &amp; Pfister, K. &amp; Silaghi, C." box="[712,948,1051,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="228 - 230" refId="ref244190" refString="Schorn, S., Schol, H., Pfister, K. &amp; Silaghi, C. (2011) First record of Ixodes frontalis collected by flagging in Germany. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2, 228 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2011.07.003" type="journal article" year="2011">
Schorn
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFCB2FBBC661DCF72" box="[802,862,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC54FBBC61F0CF72" author="Heylen, D. &amp; De Coninck, E. &amp; Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M." box="[964,1203,1051,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="693 - 700" refId="ref207039" refString="Heylen, D., De Coninck, E., Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M. (2014) Differential diagnosis of three common Ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of Western Europe: Ixodes arboricola, I. frontalis and I. ricinus. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 693 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2014.05.006" type="journal article" year="2014">
Heylen
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFB8FFBBC6118CF72" box="[1055,1115,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB52FBBC65A6CF1E" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFAF0FBBC60DECF72" box="[1376,1437,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FBC464E3CF82" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FBC465F6CF3A" bold="true" box="[151,181,1123,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF50FBC46424CF39" author="Reznik, P. A." box="[192,359,1123,1150]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="276 - 286" refId="ref239623" refString="Reznik, P. A. (1961) Contribution to study of immature stages of the tick family Ixodidae. Communication six. Description of Ixodes frontalis Panz. larvae and nymphs and Ixodes redikorzevi Ol. larvae. Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Protivochumnogo Instituta Kavkaza i Zakavkaza, 5, 276 - 286. [in Russian, NAMRU- 3 translation 382]" type="journal article" year="1961">Reznik (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFEE6FBC46757CF39" author="Babos, S." box="[374,532,1123,1150]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFDB4FBC4666CCF3A" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" box="[548,815,1123,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFCAEFBC46142CF3A" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[830,1025,1123,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB81FBC4618CCF3A" author="Tovornik, D." box="[1041,1231,1123,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="157 - 164" refId="ref251676" refString="Tovornik, D. (1991) Data on ticks Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1798) and Ixodes arboricola Schulze et Schlottke, 1929 found on birds in Yugoslavia. Biologii Vestnik, 39, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1991">Tovornik (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB4EFBC465A7CFE6" author="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="37 - 45" refId="ref228574" refString="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A. (1993) Chiave illustrata delle zecche d'Italia. II: Stadi ninfali delle specie della sottofamiglia Ixodinae (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parassitologia, 35 (1 - 3), 37 - 45." type="journal article" year="1993">Manilla and Iori (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF61FB2064C5CFE6" author="Siuda, K." box="[241,390,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE04FB2067DECFE6" author="Lundqvist, L. &amp; Gray, J. S. &amp; Hillyard, P. D." box="[404,669,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="215 - 216" refId="ref227712" refString="Lundqvist, L., Gray, J. S. &amp; Hillyard, P. D. (1998) Ixodes frontalis on the Baltic island of Gotland, Sweden. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 12, 215 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2915.1998.00101. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
Lundqvist
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFD9EFB20670BCFE6" box="[526,584,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD3BFB206680CFE6" author="Bona, M. &amp; Stanko, M." box="[683,963,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="478 - 481" refId="ref188629" refString="Bona, M. &amp; Stanko, M. (2013) First record of the tick Ixodes frontalis (Panzer, 1795) [sic] (Acari, Ixodidae) in Slovakia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 4, 478 - 481. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2013.06.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FFF4FFDFFD3BFB2067A5CFE6" box="[683,742,1159,1185]" name="Algeria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bona</collectingCountry>
and Stanko (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC40FB2061FACFE6" author="Heylen, D. &amp; De Coninck, E. &amp; Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M." box="[976,1209,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="693 - 700" refId="ref207039" refString="Heylen, D., De Coninck, E., Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M. (2014) Differential diagnosis of three common Ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of Western Europe: Ixodes arboricola, I. frontalis and I. ricinus. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 693 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2014.05.006" type="journal article" year="2014">
Heylen
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFBBAFB206127CFE6" box="[1066,1124,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB56FB206029CFE6" author="Slovak, M." box="[1222,1386,1159,1185]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref246860" refString="Slovak, M. (2014) Pictorial key to the larvae and nymphs of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 26, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Slovák (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFAE7FB2064E3CF82" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFE86FB0C640DCF82" box="[278,334,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FB686112CE4A" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FB6865F0CFAE" bold="true" box="[151,179,1231,1257]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF2AFB68641DCFAD" author="Reznik, P. A." box="[186,350,1231,1258]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="276 - 286" refId="ref239623" refString="Reznik, P. A. (1961) Contribution to study of immature stages of the tick family Ixodidae. Communication six. Description of Ixodes frontalis Panz. larvae and nymphs and Ixodes redikorzevi Ol. larvae. Trudy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Protivochumnogo Instituta Kavkaza i Zakavkaza, 5, 276 - 286. [in Russian, NAMRU- 3 translation 382]" type="journal article" year="1961">Reznik (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFEF9FB686740CFAD" author="Babos, S." box="[361,515,1231,1258]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFD9FFB68664ECFAE" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" box="[527,781,1231,1257]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC89FB68669BCFAE" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[793,984,1231,1257]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFC74FB6861ADCFAE" author="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A." box="[996,1262,1231,1257]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="83 - 95" refId="ref228526" refString="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A. (1992) Chiave illustrata delle zecche d'Italia. I: Stadi larvali delle specie della sottofamiglia Ixodinae (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parassitologia, 34 (1 - 3), 83 - 95." type="journal article" year="1992">
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFF4FFDFFC74FB686178CFAE" box="[996,1083,1231,1257]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Manilla</collectingRegion>
and Iori (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB6AFB6865A7CE4A" author="Marquez, F. J. &amp; Morel, P. C. &amp; Guiguen, C. &amp; Beaucournu, J. C." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="325 - 330" refId="ref228718" refString="Marquez, F. J., Morel, P. C., Guiguen, C. &amp; Beaucournu, J. C. (1992) Cle dichotomique des Ixodidae d'Europe. I - Les larves du genre Ixodes. Acarologia, 33, 325 - 330." type="journal article" year="1992">
Márquez
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFAF4FB6860DECFAE" box="[1380,1437,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(1992)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF60FB5464C0CE4A" author="Siuda, K." box="[240,387,1267,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE1FFB546730CE4A" author="Heylen, D. &amp; De Coninck, E. &amp; Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M." box="[399,627,1267,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="693 - 700" refId="ref207039" refString="Heylen, D., De Coninck, E., Jansen, F. &amp; Madder, M. (2014) Differential diagnosis of three common Ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of Western Europe: Ixodes arboricola, I. frontalis and I. ricinus. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5, 693 - 700. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2014.05.006" type="journal article" year="2014">
Heylen
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFE77FB54675CCE4A" box="[487,543,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFDEFFB546662CE4A" author="Slovak, M." box="[639,801,1267,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref246860" refString="Slovak, M. (2014) Pictorial key to the larvae and nymphs of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 26, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Slovák (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFCBCFB546112CE4A" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." box="[812,1105,1267,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFC57FB5466BCCE4A" box="[967,1023,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFF4FFDFFF07FAB06188CD6A" blockId="29.[151,1437,510,1581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF07FAB0659BCE76" bold="true" box="[151,216,1303,1329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Note:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFF70FAB064DDCE76" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[224,414,1303,1329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFF70FAB064DDCE76" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[224,414,1303,1329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
briefly described the larva and nymph (as well as the female) of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFBEAFAB0606BCE76" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1146,1320,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFBEAFAB0606BCE76" box="[1146,1320,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but those descriptions are ignored in
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFE5BFA9C67DACE12" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[459,665,1339,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFE5BFA9C67DACE12" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[459,665,1339,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref233909" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1911 a) Ixodidae. Das Tierreich, 26, 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22339" type="journal article" year="1911">Neumann (1911a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; therefore, it is doubtful that Neumanns specimens were from
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFAF4FA9C643ACE3E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
bona fide
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFF5AFAF8643ACE3E" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[202,377,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">Ixodes frontalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and we have excluded descriptions in
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFCAAFAF866B9CE3E" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[826,1018,1375,1401]" pageId="29" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFCAAFAF866B9CE3E" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[826,1018,1375,1401]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the above lists.
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB62FAF860DFCE3E" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1266,1436,1374,1401]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref182830" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1952 a) Ixodes frontalis Panzer, 1795. A review of the species. Parasitology, 42, 151 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084390" type="journal article" year="1952">Arthur (1952a)</bibRefCitation>
noted that there are morphological differences among the descriptions of the female of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFBF4FA246051CEDA" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1124,1298,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFBF4FA246051CEDA" box="[1124,1298,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFAF4FA24640ECE86" author="Heylen, D. &amp; Jacobs, I. &amp; Matthysen, E. &amp; Madder, M." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="19 - 20" refId="ref206958" refString="Heylen, D., Jacobs, I., Matthysen, E. &amp; Madder, M. (2012) Comments on article &quot; First report of Ixodes frontalis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Finland, an example of foreign tick species transported by a migratory bird &quot; (Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 85, 16 - 19. 2009). Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 88, 19 - 20." type="journal article" year="2012">
Heylen
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFF51FA0065B9CE86" box="[193,250,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
warn about confusing the nymph of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFD7FFA0066DDCE86" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[751,926,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFD7FFA0066DDCE86" box="[751,926,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with that of
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFBA1FA006194CE87" box="[1073,1239,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFBA1FA006190CE87" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1073,1235,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">Ixodes ricinus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFF4FFDFFB4EFA0060DFCE86" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[1246,1436,1447,1473]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
listed several redescriptions of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFE7EFA6C67D8CEA2" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[494,667,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFE7EFA6C67D8CEA2" box="[494,667,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by other authors under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFB9AFA6C6183CEA2" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1034,1216,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFB9AFA6C6183CEA2" box="[1034,1216,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and there are some uncertain redescriptions under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFDCEFA48664FCD4E" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[606,780,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFDCEFA48664FCD4E" box="[606,780,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are not included in the above lists. Redescriptions un-der the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFEBFF9B464EDCD6B" box="[303,430,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pari">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFEBFF9B464EDCD6B" box="[303,430,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes pari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFF4FFDFFDCBF9B4664ACD6A" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[603,777,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFF4FFDFFDCBF9B4664ACD6A" box="[603,777,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are also not included in the above lists.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>