304 lines
40 KiB
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304 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="AA6D5933817CDE41A42DD7A902153F80" ID-CLB-Dataset="7890" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4423340" ID-ZooBank="C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610022441531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2020" docId="C04787D4FFE6FFCDFF07FCC1662ECC6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4871.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4871 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ixodes brunneus Koch 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="3C7EFFACFFE9FFC2FF90FFA76543CB47" masterDocTitle="Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698923194747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5AF2EA3E10DED62E8FEF37D761256970">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7751CA98D8FF28496B3C87DA5D924025">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="01F761DB0F2A40ACAD591BFE2C72600C" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A72D66508F9B82F1ECD7610DD7F3758E">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B24AFE1BF9ED0F6DAF8DC435B2B9F959" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="573445E252541403E02847A765292C32">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="63B27E237671208AB45748D31688FF59" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7DC0048DB0189988DBDF89D470B1FBD6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="13D0537BEBD013B38CD6B5611DF3AE3B">
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<mods:date id="40FE5B10AB27049D4749A509F9CF0B4F">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="142708D992D22D41FEC7CBE9A71E8502">2020-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="67D8593BDA908B5897E26F47E4DEA4A1">4871</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FFE6FFCDFF07FCC1662ECC6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4576090" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179989808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4576090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FFE6FFCDFF07FCC1662ECC6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FFE6FFCDFF07FCC1662ECC6F" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFE6FFCDFF07FCC16760C8C6" box="[151,547,870,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FCC16760C8C6" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,547,870,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FCC165F9C8C7" bold="true" box="[151,186,870,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">36.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFF57FCC1675CC8C6" ID-CoL="6NC9D" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,543,870,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF57FCC164C4C8C6" bold="true" box="[199,391,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE1EFCC0675CC8C6" author="Koch, C. L." box="[398,543,871,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFE6FFCDFDB7FCC066B1CF56" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFDB7FCC066B1CF56" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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A largely Nearctic species with one record from the Neotropical
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<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFE6FFCDFB7FFCC06003C8C6" box="[1263,1344,871,897]" country="Iraq" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Region</collectingRegion>
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and one collection in the Palearctic
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<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFE6FFCDFE53FC2C6757C8E2" box="[451,532,907,933]" country="Iraq" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Region</collectingRegion>
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(see note below), all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFB6FFC2C60DFC8E2" box="[1279,1436,907,933]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
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(several families). Adults and nymphs have been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFCE9FC086140C88E" box="[889,1027,943,969]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFB80FC086189C88E" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1844" box="[1040,1226,943,969]" class="Aves" family="Odontophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odontophoridae</taxonomicName>
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; adults alone have been recovered from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFE13FC746742C8AA" box="[387,513,979,1005]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Piciformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFD9AFC7467EFC8AA" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[522,684,979,1005]" class="Aves" family="Ramphastidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Piciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ramphastidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFD75FC746635C8AA" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[741,886,979,1005]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Strigiformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFCEEFC7466A4C8AA" box="[894,999,979,1005]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Strigidae</taxonomicName>
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; and larvae alone have been taken from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFF07FC506462CF56" box="[151,289,1015,1041]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFEBCFC5064F5CF56" box="[300,438,1015,1041]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFE2FFC50673BCF56" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[447,632,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFE2FFC50673BCF56" box="[447,632,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a very rare parasite of humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFE6FFCDFF07FBBC662ECC6F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FBBC64A4CF72" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,487,1050,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FBBC65F8CF72" bold="true" box="[151,187,1051,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF52FBBC64A4CF72" author="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N." box="[194,487,1050,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="535 - 541" refId="ref179119" refString="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N. (1957) The male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes brunneus Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 535 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274474" type="journal article" year="1957">Anastos and Smith (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FB986410CF1E" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,339,1087,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FB9865F1CF1E" bold="true" box="[151,178,1087,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF29FB986410CF1E" author="Koch, C. L." box="[185,339,1087,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch (1844a)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FBC464A2CF3A" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,481,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FBC465F6CF3A" bold="true" box="[151,181,1123,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF2CFBC464A2CF3A" author="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N." box="[188,481,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="535 - 541" refId="ref179119" refString="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N. (1957) The male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes brunneus Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 535 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274474" type="journal article" year="1957">Anastos and Smith (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FB20649CCFE6" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,479,1158,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FB2065F0CFE6" bold="true" box="[151,179,1159,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF2AFB20649CCFE6" author="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N." box="[186,479,1158,1185]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="535 - 541" refId="ref179119" refString="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N. (1957) The male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes brunneus Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 535 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274474" type="journal article" year="1957">Anastos and Smith (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FB0D640BCF83" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,328,1194,1220]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FB0D640BCF83" bold="true" box="[151,328,1194,1220]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Redescriptions</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FB68669ECE12" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FB6865F8CFAE" bold="true" box="[151,187,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF52FB6864BECFAE" author="Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M." box="[194,509,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref217945" refString="Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1" type="journal article" year="1978">Keirans and Clifford (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFD99FB686603CFAE" author="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C." box="[521,832,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref202772" refString="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1984">Furman and Loomis (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFCDCFB68613FCFAE" author="Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R." box="[844,1148,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="435 - 448" refId="ref218557" refString="Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R. (1989) Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 435 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.5.435" type="journal article" year="1989">Keirans and Litwak (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFB18FB6860C7CFAD" author="Lindquist, E. E. & Galloway, T. D. & Artsob, H. & Lindsay, L. R. & Drebot, M. & Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G." box="[1160,1412,1231,1258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref226285" refString="Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186" type="book" year="2016">
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Lindquist
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFB6AFB686070CFAE" box="[1274,1331,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FB5465F1CE4A" bold="true" box="[151,178,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF2BFB54640DCE4A" author="Koch, C. L." box="[187,334,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref220955" refString="Koch, C. L. (1847) s. n. Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems, Nurnberg, 4, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1847">Koch (1847)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFECCFB54675CCE4A" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[348,543,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFECCFB54675CCE4A" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[348,543,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFDBDFB54678ACE4A" author="Banks, N." box="[557,713,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref185264" refString="Banks, N. (1908) A revision of the Ixodoidea, or ticks of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series 15. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., 61 pp." type="book" year="1908">Banks (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFD47FB5466BFCE4A" author="Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M." box="[727,1020,1266,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref193302" refString="Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1945">Cooley and Kohls (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFB99FB5461F4CE4A" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1033,1207,1266,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="239 - 245" refId="ref183049" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 d) Ixodes theileri n. sp., with observations on species confused therewith. Parasitology, 43, 239 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000018606" type="journal article" year="1953">Arthur (1953d)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFB54FB5465A7CE76" author="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="535 - 541" refId="ref179119" refString="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N. (1957) The male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes brunneus Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 535 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274474" type="journal article" year="1957">Anastos and Smith (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF61FAB064F1CE76" author="Lancaster, J. L." box="[241,434,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref225182" refString="Lancaster, J. L. (1973) A guide to the ticks of Arkansas. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Arkansas, 779, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1973">Lancaster (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE2FFAB0673DCE76" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[447,638,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFD1BFAB06622CE76" author="Sonenshine, D." box="[651,865,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref247188" refString="Sonenshine, D. E, (1979) Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Insects of Virginia, 13, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1979">Sonenshine (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFCFEFAB061E8CE76" author="Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M." box="[878,1195,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref217945" refString="Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1" type="journal article" year="1978">Keirans and Clifford (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFB28FAB065A7CE12" author="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref202772" refString="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1984">Furman and Loomis (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF60FA9C6763CE12" author="Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R." box="[240,544,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="435 - 448" refId="ref218557" refString="Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R. (1989) Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 435 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.5.435" type="journal article" year="1989">Keirans and Litwak (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFDBCFA9C6668CE11" author="Lindquist, E. E. & Galloway, T. D. & Artsob, H. & Lindsay, L. R. & Drebot, M. & Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G." box="[556,811,1339,1366]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref226285" refString="Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186" type="book" year="2016">
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Lindquist
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFD0FFA9C6794CE12" box="[671,727,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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; see note below
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FAF8605ECE3D" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" box="[151,1309,1375,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FAF865F6CE3E" bold="true" box="[151,181,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF2CFAF864D2CE3E" author="Sonenshine, D." box="[188,401,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref247188" refString="Sonenshine, D. E, (1979) Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Insects of Virginia, 13, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1979">Sonenshine (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE0CFAF86790CE3E" author="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C." box="[412,723,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref202772" refString="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1984">Furman and Loomis (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFD4FFAF86156CE3D" author="Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E." box="[735,1045,1375,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref196652" refString="Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp." type="book" year="1996">Durden and Keirans (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFBB0FAF8605ECE3D" author="Lindquist, E. E. & Galloway, T. D. & Artsob, H. & Lindsay, L. R. & Drebot, M. & Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G." box="[1056,1309,1375,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref226285" refString="Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186" type="book" year="2016">
|
|
Lindquist
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFB03FAF86188CE3E" box="[1171,1227,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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|
(2016)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FA246659CE85" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FA2465F0CEDA" bold="true" box="[151,179,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L:</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF2BFA2464EACED9" author="Clifford, C. M. & Anastos, G." box="[187,425,1411,1438]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="214 - 237" refId="ref191688" refString="Clifford, C. M., Anastos, G. & Elbl, A. (1961) The larval ixodid ticks of the eastern United States (Acarina-Ixodidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 214 - 237." type="journal article" year="1961">
|
|
Clifford
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFE8CFA246417CEDA" box="[284,340,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1961)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE24FA2467A8CED9" author="Senevet, G. & Ripert, C." box="[436,747,1411,1438]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="79 - 121" refId="ref245900" refString="Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079" type="journal article" year="1967">Sénevet and Ripert (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFD67FA24668FCEDA" author="Sonenshine, D." box="[759,972,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref247188" refString="Sonenshine, D. E, (1979) Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Insects of Virginia, 13, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1979">Sonenshine (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFC48FA246053CEDA" author="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C." box="[984,1296,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref202772" refString="Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1984">Furman and Loomis (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFA8CFA2465A7CE86" author="Webb, J. P. & Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 124" refId="ref255266" refString="Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
|
Webb
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFAF4FA2460DECEDA" box="[1380,1437,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1990)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF60FA006750CE86" author="Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S." box="[240,531,1447,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="121 - 142" refId="ref220553" refString="Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Kleinjan and Lane (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFD8EFA006659CE85" author="Lindquist, E. E. & Galloway, T. D. & Artsob, H. & Lindsay, L. R. & Drebot, M. & Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G." box="[542,794,1447,1474]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref226285" refString="Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186" type="book" year="2016">
|
|
Lindquist
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFD01FA00678ACE86" box="[657,713,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2016)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE6FFCDFF07FA6C662ECC6F" blockId="15.[151,1437,870,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF07FA6C659BCEA2" bold="true" box="[151,216,1483,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Note:</emphasis>
|
|
some descriptions of this species published prior to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFCBEFA6C6119CEA2" author="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N." box="[814,1114,1482,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="535 - 541" refId="ref179119" refString="Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N. (1957) The male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes brunneus Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 535 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274474" type="journal article" year="1957">Anastos and Smith (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFBF7FA6C6130CEA3" box="[1127,1139,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFBEAFA6C61CBCEA3" box="[1146,1160,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">g</emphasis>
|
|
.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFB0FFA6C65A2CD4E" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE85FA4864EECD4E" author="Boero, J. J." box="[277,429,1518,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="128 - 130" refId="ref188102" refString="Boero, J. J. (1945) Ixodes brunneus Koch 1844. Nueva especie para la acarofauna argentina. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, Buenos Aires, 27, 128 - 130." type="journal article" year="1945">Boero (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, are of species other than
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFD5BFA4866C9CD4E" box="[715,906,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFD5BFA4866C5CD4E" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[715,902,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">Ixodes brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The redescription of the female of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFA9FFA486589CD6B" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFA9FFA486589CD6B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from northwestern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FFE6FFCDFE34F9B46750CD6A" box="[420,531,1555,1581]" name="Argentina" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|
in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFDA5F9B46789CD6A" author="Boero, J. J." box="[565,714,1554,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref188171" refString="Boero, J. J. (1957) Las garrapatas de la Republica Argentina (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Departamento Editorial de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 113 pp." type="book" year="1957">Boero (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
may represent a new species close to
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFBFDF9B46068CD6A" box="[1133,1323,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFBFDF9B4606BCD6A" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1133,1320,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">Ixodes brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFAA1F9B465A1CD16" author="Filippova, N. A." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
stated that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFECFF9906756CD16" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[351,533,1591,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFECFF9906756CD16" box="[351,533,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been found in the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FFE6FFCDFC9CF9906625CD16" box="[780,870,1591,1617]" name="Ukraine" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFC1EF990617ACD16" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[910,1081,1591,1617]" class="Aves" family="Laniidae" genus="Lanius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collurio">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFC1EF990617ACD16" box="[910,1081,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lanius collurio</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Part of the problem in identifying
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFF53F9FC6438CD32" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[195,379,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFF53F9FC6438CD32" box="[195,379,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is apparently the result of an incorrect diagnosis of this tick in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFBD8F9FC60D4CD32" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[1096,1431,1627,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, who regarded
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFEA9F9D864ABCDDE" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[313,488,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFEA9F9D864ABCDDE" box="[313,488,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFD21F9D8662ACDDE" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[689,873,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFD21F9D8662ACDDE" box="[689,873,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a view supported for decades by some European workers, as noted by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE1AF9046709CDFA" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[394,586,1699,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, who commented on this confusion in her redescription of
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|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFB76F90460D6CDFA" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1254,1429,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFB76F90460D6CDFA" box="[1254,1429,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes frontalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFF07F96064CECDA5" author="Fairchild, G. B. & Kohls, G. M. & Tipton, V. J." box="[151,397,1735,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="167 - 219" refId="ref199586" refString="Fairchild, G. B., Kohls, G. M. & Tipton, V. J. (1966) The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In: Wenzel, W. R. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 167 - 219." type="book chapter" year="1966">
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|
Fairchild
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFE93F960647FCDA6" box="[259,316,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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|
(1966)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE6FFCDFE54F960678BCDA6" author="Bermudez, S. & Apanaskevich, D. A. & Dominguez, L." box="[452,712,1735,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref187622" refString="Bermudez, S., Apanaskevich, D. A. & Dominguez, L. (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panama. Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion, Panama, 129 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Bermúdez
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFDAEF9606734CDA6" box="[574,631,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
found that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFCD9F9606142CDA6" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[841,1025,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFCD9F9606142CDA6" box="[841,1025,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FFE6FFCDFB52F9606058CDA6" box="[1218,1307,1735,1761]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
|
differ morphologically from specimens collected in the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="30F97652FFE6FFCDFD03F94C678CCC42" box="[659,719,1771,1797]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
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|
. It is probable that one or more species close to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFB74F94C60DFCC42" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1252,1436,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFB74F94C60DFCC42" box="[1252,1436,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ixodes brunneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occur in the Neotropics in addition to the Jamaican
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE6FFCDFD49F8A8662ECC6F" box="[729,877,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE6FFCDFD49F8A8662ACC6F" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1980" box="[729,873,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copei">Ixodes copei</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document> |