233 lines
20 KiB
XML
233 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609" ID-PMC="PMC4086209" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-38-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F" ID-PubMed="25009437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576221" ModsDocID="1314-2003-38-37" checkinTime="1451251736276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, Warren L., Clark, John R. & Lorence, David H." docDate="2014" docId="B2EECB3C1C7353ACB54F537CC24C2D54" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 38: 37-67" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 38" docPubDate="2014-06-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609" docTitle="Bidens microcephala W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F" masterDocTitle="Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1668141127548" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wagnerw@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Clark, John R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741 - 9599, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741 - 9599, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-06-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>67</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-38-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576221</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182256098" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2EECB3C1C7353ACB54F537CC24C2D54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2EECB3C1C7353ACB54F537CC24C2D54" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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4.
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<taxonomicName LSID="B2EECB3C-1C73-53AC-B54F-537CC24C2D54" authority="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence" authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens microcephala" order="Campanulales" pageId="11" pageNumber="48" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcephala" status="sp. nov.">Bidens microcephala W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark & Lorence</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="48">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Bidens microcephala W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence A Distal part of plant B Compound leaf C Head showing bracts and disk florets D Outer Involucral bracts and peduncle E Outer involucral bract showing basal gibosity F Pale G Inner involucral bract H Disk floret I Achene J Inset showing achene surface. Drawn from Perlman 18444 (PTBG) [A, C, D, G and H], Perlman 18416 (unmounted) [B], pickled material of PTBG cult. 950676 (from Perlman & Wood 14996) [E, I and J], and Wood 10103 [F]." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10677" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="48" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="48">Marquesas Islands.</emphasis>
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Fatu Hiva: Angled rocks above Omoa village (Aiguilles Rocheuses), south-facing, sea cliffs, 524 m [10°31"42.8'S/138°41"17.2'W], 6 September 1995, S. Perlman & K. R. Wood 14946 (holotype: PTBG-066383; isotypes: BISH, K, MO, MPU, NY, P, UC, US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="49" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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Erect, suffrutescent perennial herbs 1-1.3 m tall. Leaves simple, (4-)6-14.5(-20) cm long including petiole, rarely compound, blade lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, occasionally lanceolate-linear, (1.5-)3.5-9.5(-14)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.9-)1.3-4 cm, glabrous, margins serrate to serrulate, occasionally subentire, apex acuminate. Heads 40-50, in compact cymes, becoming diffuse at maturity, heads often in tight clusters, terminating main stem and lateral branches, main inflorescence axis 6-9 cm, heads 1-2 mm in diameter, peduncles 0.1-1.5 cm long, glabrous; outer involucral bracts 1-2 mm long, well differentiated from inner bracts; ray florets absent; disk florets (1-)5-10, perfect. Achenes gray or black, straight, 3-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5 mm, sparsely setose; pappus absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10677" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcephala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Bidens microcephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark & Lorence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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Distal part of plant
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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Compound leaf
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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Head showing bracts and disk florets
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
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Outer Involucral bracts and peduncle
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
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Outer involucral bract showing basal gibosity
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
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Pale
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">G</emphasis>
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Inner involucral bract
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">H</emphasis>
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Disk floret
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">I</emphasis>
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Achene
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">J</emphasis>
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Inset showing achene surface. Drawn from Perlman 18444 (PTBG) [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">A, C, D, G</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">H</emphasis>
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], Perlman 18416 (unmounted) [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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], pickled material of PTBG cult. 950676 (from Perlman & Wood 14996) [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">E, I and J</emphasis>
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], and Wood 10103 [
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Marquesas Islands, endemic to southern and central Fatu Hiva, 10-625 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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On sea cliffs in mixture of native shrub and trees and alien vegetation, with native species such as
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viscosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Jacq.,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Pisonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Centrospermae" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Pisonia grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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R. Br.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Planch" authorityYear="1848" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Celtis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Urticales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Celtis pacifica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Planch.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psydrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Psydrax odorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(G. Forst.) A.C. Sm. & S.P. Darwin,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Wikstroemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Thymelaeales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="coriacea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Wikstroemia coriacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Seem., and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson & N. Snow" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="P. M. Peterson & Judz." class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Dinebra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Graminales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="xerophila">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Dinebra xerophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(P.M. Peterson & Judz.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, and naturalized species like
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Casuarinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="equisetifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Casuarina equisetifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="arabica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Liliaceae" genus="Cordyline" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Liliiflorae" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Cordyline fruticosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.) A. Chev.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Miscanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Graminales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="floridulus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Miscanthus floridulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Labill.) Warb., and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Morinda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Morinda citrifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">The specific epithet refers to the extremely small heads, probably the smallest in the genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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Proposed IUCN Red List Category
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
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(CR), criteria B1ab, B2a,b (i-iii): B1, total extent of occurrence less than 100 km² (ca. 85 km²), a, severely fragmented and b, continuing habitat decline inferred; B2a, estimated area of occupancy estimated to be less than 10 km²; B2b (i-iii), habitat continuing decline inferred. The estimated area of occupancy for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcephala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Bidens microcephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Fatu Hiva (ca. 85 km²) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plant species, thus reducing the extent of the suitable habitat. It is still locally common and regenerating on some cliff areas inaccessible to goats, however, so VU might be an alternative category (Butaud, pers. comm. 2014).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="49" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="49">Marquesas Islands. Fatu Hiva:</emphasis>
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Omoa, crete a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Est">l'Est</normalizedToken>
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du Mt Tefatutea, 625 m, 10°31"S/138°40"W, 25 Jul 1988, Florence & Perlman 9566 (P, PAP); On seacliffs of Aiguilles Rocheuses, S of Omoa village, above Tataaihoa and Tahaoa, 524 m, 6 Sep 1995, Perlman & Wood 14948 (BISH, MPU, P, PAP, PTBG, US) [used in molecular study, Funk et al.]; Tetio, seacliffs between Omoa and Hanavave, Tetio lies S of Matatu Point, about halfway to Omoa, 6-110 m, 15 Sep 1995, Perlman & Wood 14996 (BISH, MO, P, PAP, PTBG, US), cultivated plant from seed from this source, 5 Nov 1996, Lorence 7823 (BISH, PTBG, UBC, US); Hanavave Valley, cliffs below Teani, near Teeavahinenao Pass, up Uiha stream to back wall, 378 m, 16 Sep 1995, Perlman, Wood & Alexi 15009 (BISH, MO, MPU, NY, PAP, PTBG, US); Aiguilles Rocheuses, Tataaihoa side, 533-579 m, 6 Sep 1995, Wood & Perlman 4465 (BISH, K, MO, MPU, NY, P, PTBG, US); Tetio, S of Hanavave, 31-152 m, 15 Sep 1995, Wood & Perlman 4539 (AD, BISH, MO, MPU, NY, P, PAP, PTBG[2],
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="50" start="start">US</pageBreakToken>
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); About 1 km S of Omoa, 10 m, 31 Oct 1974, Decker 2689 (BISH, BKL, CBG, CHR, K, L, MO, MPU, NSW, NY, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Ridge to south of Omoa village at Angled Rocks (Aguilles Rocheuses), 585 m, 10°31"42.8'S/138°41"17.2'W, 11 Feb 2003, Perlman 18416 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Coastline between Hanaui to Hanahoua, north of Omoa, 9 m, 10 Feb 2003, Wood & Price 10103 (BISH, MPU, PTBG, OS, US); Ouia valley, back of valley on south side in forest, 210 m, 10°29"10.3'S/138°37"12.9'W, 14 Feb 2003, Perlman 18444 (BISH, MPU, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Ridge from Omoa to Aiguilles Rocheuses, along ridge crest to Tefatutea Peak, sea cliffs of Needle Rocks above Tahaoa, 594 m, 22 Jul 1988, Perlman 10156 (AD, BISH, MO, MPU, P, PAP, PTBG, US); about 1 km along coast N. of Hanaui, 10 m, 10 Feb 2003, Price & Wood 231 (PAP, PTBG, US) [used in molecular study, Funk et al.]; Chemin d'Omoa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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Hanavave, au-dessus de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
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de Teatapu, 550 m, 18 Sep 1975,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
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5747 (BISH, MPU, P, PAP, PTBG, US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark & Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcephala">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Bidens microcephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibits the most reduced heads of all Marquesan
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="13" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="50">Bidens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, generally having 10 or fewer disk florets per head and completely lacking in ray florets. In several specimens (Price & Wood 231, Wood & Perlman 4539, Wood & Price 10103, Perlman & Wood 14996), this reduction is even more extreme; flower heads in these specimens contain consistently fewer than 4 florets each, often only two or even occasionally one. These latter specimens also universally exhibit entire to subentire leaf margins and might represent yet another evolutionary lineage worthy of formal recognition (e.g., in Lorence 7823, specimen from cultivated plant grown from seed from Perlman 14996).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |