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<document id="C4B6502D5F58A9C092593128A3258993" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3702.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4eb07759-6030-417d-9838-37bffe33561a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="217210" ID-ZooBank="C4481743-38D1-4574-AFB1-C40F736A9AE6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460672034698" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mockford, Edward L. &amp; Wynne, J. Judson" docDate="2013" docId="9E7B5A57150BCC3913F84B2140BCABFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03702p449.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3702 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyptophania Banks 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="439" masterDocId="6242222F150ACC3B136F4F7D4435AD46" masterDocTitle="Genus Cyptophania Banks (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Lepidopsocidae): unique features, augmented description of the generotype, and descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="449" masterPageNumber="437" pageNumber="438" updateTime="1698348456577" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="473FBDD461D873DCEC209DFE50D14F1E">Genus Cyptophania Banks (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Lepidopsocidae): unique features, augmented description of the generotype, and descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="84F6091A7ECB39D53436477843E0C83E">Mockford, Edward L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="000C0E852F6E1BC2154BED13C5C9C6E9">Wynne, J. Judson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="21209718B199CE67A3B133ACD88BA130">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9518937935860E9483A25872E1659393">3702</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9E7B5A57150BCC3913F84B2140BCABFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152481" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119576975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E7B5A57150BCC3913F84B2140BCABFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E7B5A57150BCC3913F84B2140BCABFB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA150BCC3A13F84B2145EEA931" box="[151,475,1116,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="166DEB41150BCC3A13F84B2145EEA931" blockId="1.[151,475,1116,1143]" box="[151,475,1116,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
<heading id="4D255C2D150BCC3A13F84B2145EEA931" bold="true" box="[151,475,1116,1143]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C2150BCC3A13F84B2145EEA931" ID-CoL="8MRGR" authority="Banks (1931)" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,475,1116,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A13F84B2145EEA931" bold="true" box="[151,475,1116,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A13F84B214507A930" bold="true" box="[151,306,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Cyptophania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="724396B0150BCC3A12574B2045EEA931" author="Banks" box="[312,475,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" refString="Banks, N. (1931) Some Psocidae from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7, 437 - 441." type="journal article" year="1931">Banks (1931)</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA150BCC3A13F84BDF47D3A991" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="166DEB41150BCC3A13F84BDF46F3A9FE" blockId="1.[151,998,1186,1239]" box="[151,710,1186,1208]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C2150BCC3A13F84BDF4587A9FE" authority="Karny (1932)" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,434,1186,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Pteroxaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A13F84BDF4515A9FE" box="[151,288,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Pteroxaniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="724396B0150BCC3A12494BDE4587A9FE" author="Karny" box="[294,434,1186,1208]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" refString="Karny, H. H. (1932) Psocoptera. Insects of Samoa, 7, 117 - 129." type="journal article" year="1932">Karny (1932)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymy
<bibRefCitation id="724396B0150BCC3A115F4BDF46F3A9FE" author="Roesler" box="[560,710,1186,1208]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" refString="Roesler, R. (1944) Die Gattungen der Copeognathen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 105, 117 - 166." type="journal article" year="1944">Roesler (1944)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB41150BCC3A13F84BBF47D3A991" blockId="1.[151,998,1186,1239]" box="[151,998,1217,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A13F84BBF4513A991" box="[151,294,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
?
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C2150BCC3A13CF4BBF4513A991" authority="Enderlein (1931)" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1931" box="[160,294,1218,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Ptenocorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptenocorium</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="724396B0150BCC3A12434BBC45E9A991" author="Enderlein" box="[300,476,1217,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" refString="Enderlein, G. (1931) The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the Leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. No. VIII. Die Copeognathen-Fauna der Seychellen. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 2 nd Series, Zoology, 19 (2), 207 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1931. tb 00127. x" type="journal article" year="1931">Enderlein (1931)</bibRefCitation>
. Synonymy
<bibRefCitation id="724396B0150BCC3A11364BBC470FA991" box="[601,826,1217,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" refString="Thornton, I. W. B., Lee, S. S. &amp; Chui, W. D. (1972) Insects of Micronesia: Psocoptera. Insects of Micronesia, 8, 45 - 144." type="journal article">
Thornton
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A11D14BBF46DFA991" box="[702,746,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">et al</emphasis>
. (1972)
</bibRefCitation>
(See discussion)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC8B8CA150BCC3913F84A7940BCABFB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="166DEB41150BCC3A13F84A79460EA896" blockId="1.[151,1436,1284,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A13F84A79453FA85B" bold="true" box="[151,266,1284,1309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Adults markedly neotenic, exhibited in following characters: brachyptery with fore wings not or barely reaching tip of abdomen (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A12D64A5A45CEA806" box="[441,507,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,135,1947]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. (1) Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp., male, habitus; (2) Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp., female, with spermatophore (arrow) protruding from genital chamber." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217211/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); hind wings reduced to small button-like swellings (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A17384A5A40AFA806" box="[1111,1178,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) or slender strips (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A16004A5A449DA822" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); ocelli absent; mesocoxal interlocking mechanism absent (see
<bibRefCitation id="724396B0150BCC3A10144A30403AA822" author="Menon" box="[891,1039,1356,1380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" refString="Menon, R. (1938) Coxal interlocking in the Lepidopsocidae and its probable taxonomic value. Current Science, 7, 66 - 67." type="journal article" year="1938">Menon 1938</bibRefCitation>
); rasp of hind coxal organ reduced (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A13F04A1244CFA8CE" box="[159,250,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A12654A0D451DA8CE" box="[266,296,1392,1416]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A12574A0D4563A8CE" box="[312,342,1392,1416]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A12094A0D4585A8CE" box="[358,432,1392,1416]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">39–41</figureCitation>
); trichobothrium-like setae of hind tibia sometimes present (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A171A4A1240F9A8CE" box="[1141,1228,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
; these are strictly nymphal structures in some macropterous
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C2150BCC3A111A4AE9471CA8EB" box="[629,809,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepidopsocidae</taxonomicName>
, see Discussion); paraproctal sensorium reduced to two trichobothria on basal florets (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A12864ACA4618A896" box="[489,557,1463,1488]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB41150BCC3A13A84AA047F0AB7B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1284,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
Note. Some of the neotenic characters listed above are shared by other taxa of
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C2150BCC3A17104AA14105A8B3" box="[1151,1328,1500,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepidopsocidae</taxonomicName>
showing brachyptery. Thus, they are not diagnostic in the sense of being discriminatory, but they do apply to all adults of
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C2150BCC3A13F84959451DAB7B" box="[151,296,1572,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24A63753150BCC3A13F84959451DAB7B" box="[151,296,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Cyptophania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are important for recognition of members of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB41150BCC3A13A8493A4051AA8F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1284,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">
Non-neotenic characters. Antennae longer than body, with 39–47 flagellomeres; maxillary P4 broad, hatchetshaped at tip (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A125B4911454DABC3" box="[308,376,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); fore wings rounded or obtusely pointed distally; fore wings bearing slender, upright scales at least in basal region, and shorter, slender seta-like scales over most of the outer surface; tibial color banding absent; preapical denticle of pretarsal claws reduced nearly to absence; pulvillus wide, blade-like (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A17CB49C940D8AB8B" box="[1188,1261,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A166949C94113AB8A" box="[1286,1318,1716,1740]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">42</figureCitation>
); collar of spermathecal duct with a non-terminal entry orifice, a short to medium length cap, and a distal appendage (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A162E49AA41A2ABB6" box="[1345,1431,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A13F8498144D4AA52" box="[151,225,1788,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">23, 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A138149814539AA52" box="[238,268,1788,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A127549814550AA53" box="[282,357,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">44–46</figureCitation>
); spermathecal sac with a sword- or scythe-shaped sclerite, here called the spermathecal cutter (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A13F0486244C2AA7E" box="[159,247,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A126A48624516AA7E" box="[261,291,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A125E485D457AAA7E" box="[305,335,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A1232485D454EAA7E" box="[349,379,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">47</figureCitation>
, 48); spermathecal gland stalked, either reticulate (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A10AC4862402EAA7E" box="[963,1051,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A175D485D404EAA7E" box="[1074,1147,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">47, 48</figureCitation>
) or spongiform (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A1651486241A2AA7E" box="[1342,1431,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A13F848394482AA1A" box="[151,183,1860,1884]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">34</figureCitation>
); ovipositor valvulae with
<date id="626CCD81150BCC3A12834839463DAA1A" box="[492,520,1860,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">v1</date>
relatively well-sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A102748394794AA1A" box="[840,929,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A10C0483947CFAA1A" box="[943,1018,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">26, 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A176748394012AA1A" box="[1032,1063,1860,1884]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">43</figureCitation>
), but embedded among sclerotic strands in a membrane; telson lobes: epiproct semicircular with scattered setae; paraproct (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C4150BCC3A17E4481A40FAAAC6" box="[1163,1231,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) about
<date id="626CCD81150BCC3A164C48154170AAC6" box="[1315,1349,1896,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="438">3X</date>
as long dorso-ventrally as its greatest width, slightly bowed inward on median surface, two trichobothria of sensorium near upper surface, scattered setae in middle, and large, acuminate spine on median surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84FEA4616AD93" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="24A637531508CC3913A84FEA46ABADF6" bold="true" box="[199,670,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Characters for species discrimination.</emphasis>
In the present study, we find the characters discussed below as important for separation of species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84F9D44F6AC23" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Presence or absence, and relative distinctness of whorls of microtriches on antennal flagellomeres beyond f1. Of the species studied, all showed at least a few microtriches, probably forming whorls on some median flagellomeres, but one species,
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21508CC3912954E5546B6AC06" box="[506,643,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakaratii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A637531508CC3912954E5546B6AC06" box="[506,643,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">C. pakaratii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F958A281508CC3911E54E5546F4AC79" box="[650,705,296,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, shows very distinct whorls on all flagellomeres beyond f1 (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3916004E5A4483AC23" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84E12453FAC96" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Details of the lacinial tip (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3912844E124601ACCE" box="[491,564,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Figs 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39112F4E0D466BACCE" box="[576,606,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911054E0D46BCACCE" box="[618,649,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911FB4E1246EAACCE" box="[660,735,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">36–38</figureCitation>
). This character is of very limited value, as its variation within species is not understood, and its orientation in slide preparations is variable. Further observations on it will be necessary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84EA04661AF7B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Fore wing showing venation or not. In some species, venation is obvious in a slide preparation of the fore wing (see
<bibRefCitation id="724396B01508CC3913A04E824554AF5E" author="Banks" box="[207,353,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" refString="Banks, N. (1931) Some Psocidae from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7, 437 - 441." type="journal article" year="1931">Banks, 1931</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. vii,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3912A64E824638AF5E" box="[457,525,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,135,1947]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. (1) Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp., male, habitus; (2) Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp., female, with spermatophore (arrow) protruding from genital chamber." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217211/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), whereas in others, none can be seen. This may be an aspect of variation in neotenic development (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84D3541A9AF19" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" box="[199,1436,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Fore wing with a mottled color pattern (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911EA4D3A46FBAF26" box="[645,718,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911B54D3A46CDAF26" box="[730,760,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39106C4D3A4715AF26" box="[771,800,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">35</figureCitation>
) or not (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910EE4D3A47E1AF26" box="[897,980,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
), and nature of the pattern when present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84D1040FBAFEE" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Nature of the hind wing: either a button-like swelling (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910414D114747AFC2" box="[814,882,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), a minute flap of cuticle (not figured), or a short strip (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3913B74DF24528AFEE" box="[216,285,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). This may be another aspect of variation in neotenic development (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84DC846E9AFB6" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Extent of development of the hind coxal rasp (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911864DC94776AF8A" box="[745,835,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39103C4DC94744AF8A" box="[851,881,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910EF4DC947ABAF8A" box="[896,926,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910C24DC947CDAF8A" box="[941,1016,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">39–41</figureCitation>
). This may be yet another aspect of variation in neotenic development (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84D804661AE1B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Presence or absence of two trichobothrium-like setae on the hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910814D814076AE52" box="[1006,1091,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). These structures can become dislodged, but their button-like basal tubercles are readily identified, being very different from the basal structures of other setae and scales in their region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84C1A45A5AE81" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
<collectingCountry id="6EC5ABD11508CC3913A84C1A44CAAEC6" box="[199,255,871,896]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibial spurs striated (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3912804C1A4674AEC6" box="[495,577,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) or not (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911CA4C1A46CFAEC6" box="[677,762,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). In all but one of the species examined, the two large hind tibial spurs, as well as the smaller ones, showed distinct longitudinal striations. One species,
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21508CC3917AC4CF04162AEE3" box="[1219,1367,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A637531508CC3917AC4CF04162AEE3" box="[1219,1367,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">C. australica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F958A281508CC39160F4CF041A2AEE2" box="[1376,1431,909,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, showed smooth spurs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84CA8404AA973" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Presence or absence of ctenidia on the hind t1. In
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21508CC3910674CA8474EAEAB" box="[776,891,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis id="24A637531508CC3910674CA8474EAEAB" box="[776,891,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">C. hirsuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a longitudinal row of ctenidia is present on the hind t1, each ctenidium associated with a particular seta (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910744C8A4758A956" box="[795,877,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). These structures are not seen in any of the other species studied. This is another aspect of variation in the extent of neotenic development.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84B3D4059A93B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Presence or absence of a row of pigment spots associated with the spiracles on the preclunial abdominal segments. These spots are present in one and absent in the others of the species studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84BFA4665A983" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Sclerotization and pigmentation of one or two abdominal tergites before the clunium. Differences are noted in the descriptions for the species studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84BB247B5A84B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Ovipositor valvulae. The major valvula seems to show no useful characters. The smaller, inner valvula, here designated
<date id="626CCD811508CC39127A4B894506A84A" box="[277,307,1268,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">v1</date>
, shows some variation in its extent of sclerotization.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84A6A47CEA83E" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Details of the spermathecal cutter (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39113D4A6A469CA876" box="[594,681,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911D94A6A46E0A876" box="[694,725,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39118E4A6546CAA876" box="[737,767,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910644A65471FA876" box="[779,810,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">47</figureCitation>
, 48). The knife-like blade in the spermathecal sac, here called the spermathecal cutter, shows variation in relative length, thickness, and curvature among species. Some variation probably involves differences in orientation in the slide preparation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84AF84145A886" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Nature of the spermathecal gland. The spermathecal gland in
<taxonomicName id="D1D290C21508CC3910E64AF9402FA8DB" box="[905,1050,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidopsocidae" genus="Cyptophania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24A637531508CC3910E64AF9402FA8DB" box="[905,1050,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Cyptophania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always stalked. Branches from the stalk may serve to anchor a reticulate pattern (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3911AB4ADA472EA886" box="[708,795,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[192,1388,180,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1400,149,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 14. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (3) C. pakaratii n. sp. head and body with fore wings removed, dorsal view (hw = hind wing); (4) C. hirsuta Banks, hind wing; (5) C. costalis n. sp., maxillary palpus (setae not shown); (6) C. pakaratii n. sp., pretarsal claw; (7) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, right paraproct; Figs 8 – 14: C. hirsuta Banks, female. (8) lacinial tip; (9) fore wing; (10) inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (11) ctenidia of hind t 1; (12) ovipositor valvulae; (13) collar of spermathecal duct; (14) spermathecal sac (C = cutter). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217212/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC3910484AD5475BA886" box="[807,878,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 48" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[236,1352,194,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[236,1352,193,1844]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 48. Cyptophania costalis n. sp., female, structures. Figs 36 – 38: Lacinial tips. (36) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (37) Florida Keys; (38) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 39 – 41: inner edges of hind coxae showing coxal rasps. (39) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (40) Florida Keys; (41) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; (42) Pretarsal claw (Puerto Rico, but representative of each of the populations); (43) Ovipositor valvulae (Puerto Rico, no differences noted in other populations); Figs 44 – 46: Collars of spermathecal duct. (44) San Juan, Puerto Rico; (45) Florida Keys; (46) Coastal Veracruz, Mexico; Figs 47 – 48: spermathecal sacs. (47) Florida Keys; (48) San Juan, Puerto Rico. Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217215/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">47, 48</figureCitation>
) or produce a sponge-like mass (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39178E4ADA410DA886" box="[1249,1336,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,182,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[233,1356,141,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 25. Structures of Cyptophania pakaratii n. sp. (15) flagellomeres f 2 and f 3 showing distinct whorls of microtriches and distal whorls of setae; (16) female, fore wing showing color pattern; (17) female, lacinial tip; (18) female, inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (19) male, phallosome; (20) male, distal end of phallosome, enlarged (see text for interpretation of labels); (21) female, fore wing showing venation; (22) female, hind tibial spurs; (23 – 24) female, collars of spermathecal duct; (25) female, spermathecal sac (outline of spongiform gland in dashed lines). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Figs 25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC39162B4AD54151A886" box="[1348,1380,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A84AB045FDAB16" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">
Nature of the collar of the spermathecal duct. The collar is always longer than wide, with a non-terminal entrance orifice and a subapical appendage. The relative length to width, position of the orifice, and nature of the appendage differ among species. One species has a sclerotized ‘pen’ running much of the length of the collar before the orifice (
<figureCitation id="8EE9F7C41508CC391208494A458FAB16" box="[359,442,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[216,1368,177,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[213,1376,159,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 35. Structures of Cyptophania spp. (26) C. pakaratii n. sp., female, ovipositor valvulae. Figs 27 – 34: C. australica n. sp., female. (27) fore wing; (28) lacinial tip; (29) Inner edge of hind coxa showing coxal rasp; (30) hind tibia showing sub-basal and sub-distal trichobothrium-like setae; (31) hind tibial spurs; (32) ovipositor valvulae; (33) collar of spermathecal duct (P = ‘ pen’); (34) spermathecal sac; (35) C. costalis n. sp., female, fore wing (Florida specimen). Scale bars = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217214/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166DEB411508CC3913A8492040BCABFB" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="439">In addition to the above characters, the number of flagellomeres may be important, but the flagellum is delicate, often incomplete, and so, this character is frequently not observable. There may also be useful male characters, but since males are known for only one species, they cannot be evaluated here.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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