775 lines
65 KiB
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775 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2558" ID-PMC="PMC3310195" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-10-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C202EE23FFB9844EDE039139FFBD4A1A" ID-PubMed="22461731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576109" ModsDocID="1314-2003-10-83" checkinTime="1451252030527" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filipowicz, Natalia, Nee, Michael H. & Renner, Susanne S." docDate="2012" docId="9BC6146552A1E8D877DBADE2024D5BA7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 10: 83-94" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 10" docPubDate="2012-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2558" docTitle="Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="C202EE23FFB9844EDE039139FFBD4A1A" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="C202EE23FFB9844EDE039139FFBD4A1A" masterDocTitle="Description and molecular diagnosis of a new species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae) from the Bolivian and Argentinean Andes" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1668139026361" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description and molecular diagnosis of a new species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae) from the Bolivian and Argentinean Andes</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Filipowicz, Natalia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger-Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany & Present address: Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Al. Hallera 107, 80 - 416 Gdansk, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Renner, Susanne S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger-Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-03-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>83</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2558</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.10.2558</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-10-83</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C202EE23FFB9844EDE039139FFBD4A1A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576109</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024182" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9BC6146552A1E8D877DBADE2024D5BA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BC6146552A1E8D877DBADE2024D5BA7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9BC61465-52A1-E8D8-77DB-ADE2024D5BA7" authority="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brunfelsia plowmaniana" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana" status="sp. nov.">Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="84">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Isotype specimen of Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee: M. Nee 37571 (NY)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10012" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="molecular diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Molecular diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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The new species differs from all other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at the following nucleotide positions in the plastid
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">ndhF</emphasis>
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gene, position 237: Guanine not Thymine; 270: Cytosine not Guanine; and 887: Thymine not Cytosine; and in the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="85" start="start">nuclear</pageBreakToken>
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ITS region (ITS1 spacer, 5.8S rRNA gene, ITS2 spacer) at position 52: Guanine not Adenine; 80: Cytosine not Guanine; 215 Guanine not Cytosine; and 232: Cytosine not Guanine (Coordinates from
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tabacum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Nicotiana tabacum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complete chloroplast genome, GenBank accession Z00044,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">ndhF</emphasis>
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gene from 12072 to 114294, and
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tabacum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Nicotiana tabacum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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GenBank AJ300215, ITS region) (compare
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Brunfelsia plowmaniana - specific substitutions in chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions as compared to 59 other accessions representing 39 species of Brunfelsia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70C01A6E6230C5A04DBD25237A280AF9" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" tableUuid="70C01A6E6230C5A04DBD25237A280AF9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="85" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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Bolivia. La Paz: Prov. Inquisivi, between Yamora and Iguasani, 5 km (by air) SE of Inquisivi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.95">16°57'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.1">67°06'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3100 m, 13 Jan 1989 (fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. Nee 37571</emphasis>
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(holotype: LPB; isotypes NY [01418954], AD [AD99103316], CAS [26326], CORD [00006706], F [V0093209F], G [00340084], jbsc (informal acronym for the herbarium of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
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Botanico de Santa Cruz, Bolivia), K [K000787830], MADw 46246, MG, MO [5752063], MY, P [00478848], SP, TEX, US [01050455], USZ [27345], WIS [v0262652WIS]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="85" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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Shrubs or small trees, mostly with a single stem at the base and branched only above the base, 1-4 (-10) m high, to 14 cm in diameter; bark peeling or flaking, light gray or yellow-brown. Branches with the new twigs densely pubescent with hairs to 0.3 mm long, the older branches with bark smooth, glabrous, light tan, drying in irregular longitudinal ridges or almost winged, glabrous. Internodes 4-12 mm long. Leaves scattered along the branchlets, simple, alternate, exstipulate, shiny and dark green above, chartaceous to subcoriaceous; lamina (2-) 4-9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-3.8 cm, broadly lanceolate to obovate, narrowing abruptly to the acute to attenuate apex, the base somewhat asymmetrically cuneate to attenuate, the margin entire, slightly revolute, appearing glabrous at maturity, but often pubescent when young and then glabrescent, usually remaining sparsely pubescent on the midrib below with weak hairs to 0.3 (-0.4) mm long on the midrib and with shorter and fewer hairs on the midrib above, more rarely sparsely pubescent on the surface below and with fewer and shorter hairs above; lateral nerves 5-8 pairs, spreading, arching, adaxially often impressed, the tertiary veins raised and forming a fine reticulum when dry to nearly invisible, abaxially the lateral veins slightly raised and forming a looping interconnecting vein 2/3-3/4 of the way to the margin, the tertiary veins often not apparent; petiole 0.4-0.6 cm, pubescent with hairs to 0.3 mm long. Stomata paracytic. Flower solitary, terminal, often nodding, fragrant during the day. Pedicel (4-) 5-10 (-15) mm long in anthesis, not lengthening in fruit, articulate at the base, very sparsely glandular-pubescent, less so than the subtending stem and usually only with the shortest hairs. Calyx gamosepalous, tubular to narrowly campanulate, the tube 6-10.5 mm long, gradually narrowing to the pedicel and not sharply delimited from it, 0.9 cm diameter at summit, the lobes 5, more or less equal, (2-) 2.5-3 mm long, triangular or triangular-ovate, the margin cartilaginous, especially in fruit, striately veined, with very sparse glandular hairs on the outer surface, fewer than on the pedicel, the tube accrescent, not lengthening in fruit, but broadened and closely investing the proximal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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of the fruit, the lobes stretched and broadened, and sometimes lengthened to 3.5-4 mm long. Corolla gamopetalous, with five subequal, broadly ovate lobes; tube 1.5-2.5 cm long, twice as long to a little more than twice as long as the calyx, more rarely only slightly longer than the calyx, erect, the limb spreading and 2-2.5 cm wide in anthesis, violet (lilac) with a pale yellowish-green throat, this raised and forming a ring, abruptly changing to violet on the lobes, with glandular hairs present on the mouth of the corolla tube, the lobes overlapping at the margins in bud, ca. 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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11 mm in anthesis; flower color fading to white with age. Stamens 4, didynamous, epipetalous; free part of filaments of the upper pair 2.5-4.5 mm long, those of the lower pair 0-2 mm long; anthers 4, dorsifixed, semicircular, 1 mm long, the dehiscence around the perimeter; stigma and upper two anthers visible at the mouth of the tube. Ovary bicarpellate, syncarpous, superior, ovoid, 2 mm long, glabrous, with oblique septa, ovules several per locule; style 1.5 cm long, slender, promptly deciduous; stigma clavate, bifid, 1.5 mm long. Fruit obovoid, coriaceous, capsular, 1.3-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.2-1.3 cm, probably green, and perhaps turning dark purple or black when ripe. Seeds ca. 9, brown, irregularly ovoid or oblong and subangular, 5.5-7 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide and thick, the surface very minutely foveolate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10012" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Isotype specimen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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N. Filipowicz & M. Nee:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">M. Nee 37571</emphasis>
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(NY).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from humid forests in the Provinces of Salta and Jujuy in northwestern Argentina, and the Departments of Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and La Paz (Prov. Inquisivi) in Bolivia. It grows at altitudes of 1500-3200 m on the predominantly N-S ridges separated by dry to arid scrub in the intervening valleys, perhaps mostly at the lower altitudinal range in the southern part of the distribution and the upper altitudinal range to the north. It has never been collected in the Provinces of Sud Yungas, Nor Yungas and Larecaja in the relatively well-explored central and northern parts of the Department of La Paz, so the northern limit of the range likely is in Prov. Inquisivi (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee based on the voucher specimens listed in Taxonomic treatment and in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10013" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10013" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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N. Filipowicz & M. Nee based on the voucher specimens listed in Taxonomic treatment and in Appendix 1.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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Strictly Andean in humid or cloud forests, with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1844" baseAuthorityName="Presl" class="Pteridopsida" family="Dicksoniaceae" genus="Dicksonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="sellowiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Dicksonia sellowiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hook. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Cyatheaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Cyatheaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="parlatorei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Podocarpus parlatorei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Pilg.,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="rusbyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Podocarpus rusbyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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J. Buccholz & N.E. Gray,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Prumnopitys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Pinophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Prumnopitys exigua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Silba (
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<taxonomicName genus="Podocarpaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Podocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="acuminata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Alnus acuminata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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HBK. (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" genus="Betulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Weinmannia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Cunoniaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Cunoniaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Blepharocalyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Blepharocalyx salicifolius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(HBK.) O. Berg,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mc Vaugh" authorityYear="1963" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrcianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callicoma">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Myrcianthes callicoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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McVaugh,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mc Vaugh" authorityYear="1963" baseAuthorityName="C. D. Legrand" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrcianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudomato">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Myrcianthes pseudomato</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(D. Legrand) McVaugh,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C. D. Legrand" authorityYear="1962" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Siphoneugena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Siphoneugena occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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D. Legrand (
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<taxonomicName genus="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clethraceae" genus="Clethra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Clethra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1851" genus="Clethraceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Clethraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Viburnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Viburnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Caprifoliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and numerous other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="strigilatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Cestrum strigilatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruiz & Pav.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Lycianthes radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="86" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Sendtn.) Bitter,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz & Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Saracha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Saracha punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruiz & Pav.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Sessea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hypotephrodes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Sessea hypotephrodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aligerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum aligerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schltdl.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="1985" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aphyodendron">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum aphyodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S. Knapp,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz & Pav" authorityYear="1799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asperolanatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum asperolanatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruiz & Pav.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum confusum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C.V.Morton,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fiebrigii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum fiebrigii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maturecalvans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum maturecalvans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Nee" authorityYear="2006" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saturatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum saturatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M. Nee and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellatiglandulosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Solanum stellatiglandulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bitter. About one in three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is draped with epiphytic lichens, mosses and liverworts (including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="B.C.J.Dumortier" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Dumort." class="Hepaticae" family="Plagiochilaceae" genus="Plagiochila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Plagiochila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Frullania atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sw.) Nees), reflecting the cloud forest habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Named to honor the late Timothy Plowman (1944-1989), an American botanist fascinated with Neotropical plants of ethnobotanic importance, among them
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Few common names have been recorded: "bella
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="unión”">union"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Nee & Vargas 38253</emphasis>
|
||
); "hierba mala", "mata burro" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Arroyo et al. 4043</emphasis>
|
||
). "Bella
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="unión”">union"</normalizedToken>
|
||
is commonly used for other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Bolivia (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Brunfelsia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Brunfelsia grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the "beautiful union" referring to the inflorescences with both violet and white flowers together. The terms "bad herb" and "burro killer" indicates that the foliage is poisonous to grazing animals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="87" start="start">Conservation</pageBreakToken>
|
||
status.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The species is often found in heavily grazed lower edges of the cloud forest where grazing, deforestation and fires are a threat to local populations. Even though the range is narrow, it is about 800 km long; and many populations are in undisturbed or protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Specimens examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
(The list of the vouchers examined with detailed locality, GPS coordinates where applicable and herbaria barcodes is presented in Appendix 1)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">.</emphasis>
|
||
ARGENTINA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Jujuy</emphasis>
|
||
: Dpto. Ledesma, 21 Oct 1979 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">A.L. Cabrera et al. 30918</emphasis>
|
||
(F); Parque Nacional Calilegua, 19 Nov 1980 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">A.L. Cabrera et al. 32115</emphasis>
|
||
(MO);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Calilegua, 18 Oct 1963 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">H. A. Fabris 4502</emphasis>
|
||
(M); Parque Nacional Calilegua, 17 Dec 1998 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">O. Morrone et al. 3485</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Dpto. Vallegrande, 10 Oct 1969 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">P.R. Legname & A.R. Cuezzo 7168</emphasis>
|
||
(GH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Salta</emphasis>
|
||
: Dpto. Santa Victoria, Los Toldos, 2 Oct 2001 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">G.E. Barboza et al. 282</emphasis>
|
||
(CORD); Dpto. Santa Victoria, 18 Aug 1971 (fl), F.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Vervoorst & P. R. Legname 4564</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Los Toldos, 5 Sep 1979 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">P.R. Legname & A. R. Cuezzo 8615</emphasis>
|
||
(GH); Bosque Grande, 18 Sep 1972 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">L.A. Marmol et al. 9228</emphasis>
|
||
(GH); Los Toldos,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Toldos, 30 Sep 1987 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">L J. Novara et al. 7124</emphasis>
|
||
(B); Parque Nacional Baritu, 21-22 Sep 1990 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">L.J. Novara 10023</emphasis>
|
||
(M). BOLIVIA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Chuquisaca</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Boeto, 17 Nov 1994 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Serrano 1099</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Prov. Siles, 11 Jan 2007 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 566
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); road to Villa Serrano, 3 Jan 1996 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">J R.I. Wood 10372</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Nuevo Mundo, 19 Oct 1997 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">J R.I. Wood 12722</emphasis>
|
||
(NY);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Cochabamba</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Ayopaya, 29 Nov 1981 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">S. G. Beck 7439</emphasis>
|
||
(F, M, MO, NY); Independencia, 7 May 1988 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">S. G. Beck & R. Seidel 14442</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Prov. Carrasco, 10 Feb 1987 (fr);
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee & J. Solomon 34040</emphasis>
|
||
(F, LPB, MO, NY, TEX);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Churro”">"Churro"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5 Mar 1988 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee et al. 36492</emphasis>
|
||
(CAS, JBSC, K, LPB, MO, NY, P, TEX); Siberia, 25 Sep 2007 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Terán">Teran</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1233
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">La Paz</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Inquisivi, 13 Jan 1989 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Lewis 35070</emphasis>
|
||
(LBP, MO); Iguasani, 20 Jun 1990 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Lewis 37401</emphasis>
|
||
(LPB); Inquisivi, 30 Dec 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Lewis 882113</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO, NY); Machacamarca, 18 Mar 1988 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee 36711</emphasis>
|
||
(F, LPB, NY); Inquisivi, 13 Jan 1989 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee 37573</emphasis>
|
||
(F, LPB, MO, NY, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Santa Cruz</emphasis>
|
||
: Prov. Caballero, 17 Jun 1995 (fr);
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">J.R. Abbott & A. Jardim 17031</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Siberia, 8 Oct 2006 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">L. Arroyo et al. 3569</emphasis>
|
||
(M, MO, NY); Enpalme, 14 Sep 2002 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">A. Carrasco et al. 21</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Torrecillas, 17 Apr 2003 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">J.A. Carrasco et al. 126</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Comarapa, 26 Jun 1998 (ster),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">R. Darius 28</emphasis>
|
||
(USZ); Carretera Fundamental 4, 9 Dec 1975 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">C. Davidson 3846</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO, NY); Enpalme, 7 Feb 2004 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
E.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2582
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); Parque Nacional
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 17 Jun 1995 (fr);
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">A. Jardim et al. 1991</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Comarapa, 5 Nov 2003 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
C G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jordán">Jordan</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 505
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(NY);
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.833334">17°50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.683334">64°41'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8 Sep 2002 (bud),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">N. Ledezma et al. 62</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); 11 km NW Torrecillas, 15 Oct 1997 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
& J. Heinrichs 6590
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO); vic. Tinque Laguna,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.85">17°51'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-64.53333">64°32'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25 Nov 1999 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee 50606</emphasis>
|
||
(F, LPB, MO, NY, USZ, WIS); highway from Comarapa to Cochabamba, 5 May 2001 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee et al. 51741</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, LPB, NY, USZ, WIS); highway from Epizana to Comarapa, 24 May 2001 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">M. Nee et al. 51857</emphasis>
|
||
(NY, USZ, UT); 50 km al N de Mataral, 25-26 May 1989 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">D. N. Smith et al. 13343</emphasis>
|
||
(LPB, MO); Comarapa, 20 Oct 1928 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">J. Steinbach 8345</emphasis>
|
||
(A, F, MO, NY); P. N.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 12-13 May 1992 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">I. Vargas et al. 1341</emphasis>
|
||
(NY, USZ); La Siberia, 9 May 1993 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">I. Vargas et al. 2379</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, USZ); P. N.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Comarapa, 10
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="88" start="start">May</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1993 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">I. Vargas et al. 2399</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, USZ); P. N.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2400-2600 m, 18-25 Oct 1993 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">I. Vargas & A. Jardim 2978</emphasis>
|
||
(NY),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">2998</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY, USZ); Siberia, 4-6 Nov 2003 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
I. G. Vargas & C. G.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jordán">Jordan</normalizedToken>
|
||
7008
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY). Prov. Florida, 23 Dec 1989 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. Nee & I. Vargas 38253</emphasis>
|
||
(AD, JBSC, MO, NY, US, USZ). Prov. Vallegrande, 24 Aug 2008 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">L. Arroyo et al. 3963</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Postrervalle, 26 Jun 1999,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">B. Mostacedo & Y. Uslar 4162</emphasis>
|
||
(USZ). Tarija: Prov. Arce, 3 May 2005 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. Serrano et al. 6018</emphasis>
|
||
(NY); Mun. Padcaya, 26 Apr 2005 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. Serrano et al. 6288</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, NY); Padcaya-Motovi, 24 Sep 1927 (fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">C. Troll 240</emphasis>
|
||
(B, M).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Allof the specimens from Bolivia and Argentina cited above belong to a single, morphologically uniform species that differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the type of which is from eastern Brazil, in morphology as well as nuclear and plastid substitutions as specified in the molecular diagnosis and
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Brunfelsia plowmaniana - specific substitutions in chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions as compared to 59 other accessions representing 39 species of Brunfelsia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70C01A6E6230C5A04DBD25237A280AF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" tableUuid="70C01A6E6230C5A04DBD25237A280AF9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. The leaves of the Andean material are uniformly of a thicker texture, with distinct reticulate venation above; they look more like those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="latifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia latifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pohl) Benth. of eastern Brazil, rather than those of Brazilian material determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by T. Plowman (mostly housed at F). The Brazilian material determined by Plowman is heterogeneous in indumentum; the petioles and pedicels (more particularly in the young stages) may be glabrous, very finely puberulent with tiny hairs, pubescent with weak hairs (the most like the Andean material), or pilosulose with straight hairs. The description given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Plowman, TC" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" refId="B8" refString="Plowman, TC, 1998. A revision of the South American species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae). Fieldiana Bot. n.s. 39, 1-135." title="A revision of the South American species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae). Fieldiana Bot. n. s. 39, 1 - 135." year="1998">Plowman (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has the inflorescence as "1-flowered, terminal, produced at tips of new shoots, sessile, rarely short pedunculate." However, the protologues of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pohl" authorityYear="1826" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Franciscea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Franciscea uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pohl. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1828" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Franciscea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hopeana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Franciscea hopeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook. both mention solitary flowers. Based on the vouchers from near the type locality, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it appears that
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Plowman’s">Plowman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description is correct, however, and this species has highly reduced cymose inflorescences with (usually) single flowers and scars visible on it. The solitary flower thus seems to be a morphological feature restricted to the Bolivian/Argentinean entity that we describe here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="70C01A6E6230C5A04DBD25237A280AF9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/70C01A6E6230C5A04DBD25237A280AF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-specific substitutions in chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions as compared to 59 other accessions representing 39 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Position</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Specific substitution</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Plastid ndhF</emphasis>
|
||
gene
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">237</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">T → G</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-specific
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">270</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">G → C</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-specific
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">887</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">C →T</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-specific
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Nuclear ITS1 spacer,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">5.8S</emphasis>
|
||
rRNA gene, ITS2 spacer
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">52</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">A → G</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-specific
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">215</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">C → G</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-specific
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<tableNote pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
1 coordinates from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tabacum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Nicotiana tabacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complete chloroplast genome (GenBank accession no. Z00044),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">ndhF</emphasis>
|
||
gene from 12072 to 114294 2 coordinates from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tabacum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Nicotiana tabacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
AJ300215
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
The leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are variable in size and shape, but usually are widest above the middle (obovate) with a rather abruptly narrowed apex (cuspidate) in the manner of many
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The raised and somewhat cartilaginous ring of the corolla throat is reminiscent of that of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Prestonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Prestonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Apocynaceae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from the same geographic region; it probably reflects adaptation to pollinator foraging behaviour. Several collection labels mention that the corolla color changes from blue/violet to whitish while aging, which is common in the South American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The notes from two vouchers (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. Nee 37571</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">M. Nee 50606</emphasis>
|
||
) also mention diurnal anthesis, with a pleasant jasmine fragrance. Nothing is known directly of the pollinators of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the floral features described above are shared by other South American brunfelsias for which butterfly pollinations has been observed (Plowman, 1998).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">There are no observations on fully mature fruits or dispersal of the seeds. Herbarium specimens with ripe or nearly ripe fruits always show them splitting neatly from the top about 1/3 of the way to the base into two equal valves.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
The species that is geographically closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Brunfelsia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Plowman from Depto. Santa Cruz, Prov. Vallegrande south to Depto. Chuquisaca. This species has broader, thinner leaves, a corymbiform inflorescence with up to 15 flo
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="89" start="start">wers</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, a broader corolla limb, and is found in drier forest or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cháco">Chaco</normalizedToken>
|
||
vegetation, from a relatively narrow area in the foothills of Andes in southeastern Bolivia (up to 1200 m) (Plowman, 1981). The molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Brunfelsia boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several Amazonian species are part of a larger eastern Brazilian and Amazonian clade (see
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram (GTR + Gamma) for a reduced dataset consisting of 41 accessions of Brunfelsia and 8 outgroup genera and based on the analysis of combined plastid and nuclear sequences (3784 aligned nucleotides). Numbers above branches refer to ML bootstrap support ≥ 70 %. Placements of Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee and Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don (both represented by two accessions) in the tree are marked in red. Main clades are marked in different colors. For the full tree and alignment see TreeBase under acc. no. 12245." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10014" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Filipowicz, N" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.026" refId="B2" refString="Filipowicz, N, Renner, SS, 2012. Brunfelsia (Solanaceae): A genus evenly divided between South America and radiations on Cuba and other Antillean islands. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution (accepted). ., 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.026" title="Brunfelsia (Solanaceae): A genus evenly divided between South America and radiations on Cuba and other Antillean islands. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution (accepted)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.026" year="2012">Filipowicz and Renner 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10014" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood phylogram (GTR + Gamma) for a reduced dataset consisting of 41 accessions of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 8 outgroup genera and based on the analysis of combined plastid and nuclear sequences (3784 aligned nucleotides). Numbers above branches refer to ML bootstrap support ≥70%. Placements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
N.Filipowicz & M.Nee and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Brunfelsia uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pohl) D.Don (both represented by two accessions) in the tree are marked in red. Main clades are marked in different colors. For the full tree and alignment see TreeBase under acc. no. 12245.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="90" start="start">We</pageBreakToken>
|
||
initially became aware of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during molecular-phylogenetic work. Sequencing of 59 accessions of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
representing 39 species (plus relevant outgroups) for the nuclear
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">ITS1</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">5.8S rRNA</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">ITS2</emphasis>
|
||
region, and the plastid
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">ndhF</emphasis>
|
||
gene and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">trnL</emphasis>
|
||
intronand
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">trnL-F</emphasis>
|
||
spacer (together 3784 aligned nucleotides) revealed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subSpecies" species="uniflora" subSpecies="sensu">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia uniflora sensu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Plowman to be a polyphyletic entity (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram (GTR + Gamma) for a reduced dataset consisting of 41 accessions of Brunfelsia and 8 outgroup genera and based on the analysis of combined plastid and nuclear sequences (3784 aligned nucleotides). Numbers above branches refer to ML bootstrap support ≥ 70 %. Placements of Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee and Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don (both represented by two accessions) in the tree are marked in red. Main clades are marked in different colors. For the full tree and alignment see TreeBase under acc. no. 12245." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10014" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are placed in a South American group, however in distinct clades.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="uniflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia uniflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, represented by two accessions originating from Minas Gerais and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, belongs to a Southeastern South America and Amazon Basin clade (shaded green in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram (GTR + Gamma) for a reduced dataset consisting of 41 accessions of Brunfelsia and 8 outgroup genera and based on the analysis of combined plastid and nuclear sequences (3784 aligned nucleotides). Numbers above branches refer to ML bootstrap support ≥ 70 %. Placements of Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee and Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don (both represented by two accessions) in the tree are marked in red. Main clades are marked in different colors. For the full tree and alignment see TreeBase under acc. no. 12245." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10014" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Filipowicz & M. Nee" authorityYear="2012" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brunfelsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plowmaniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Brunfelsia plowmaniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, represented by Argentinean and Bolivian specimens, falls in a clade from the Pacific coast and Andean region (shaded orange in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram (GTR + Gamma) for a reduced dataset consisting of 41 accessions of Brunfelsia and 8 outgroup genera and based on the analysis of combined plastid and nuclear sequences (3784 aligned nucleotides). Numbers above branches refer to ML bootstrap support ≥ 70 %. Placements of Brunfelsia plowmaniana N. Filipowicz & M. Nee and Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D. Don (both represented by two accessions) in the tree are marked in red. Main clades are marked in different colors. For the full tree and alignment see TreeBase under acc. no. 12245." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10014" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Molecular dating, using indirect calibration, suggests that these clades split from each other about 10 million years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Filipowicz, N" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.026" refId="B2" refString="Filipowicz, N, Renner, SS, 2012. Brunfelsia (Solanaceae): A genus evenly divided between South America and radiations on Cuba and other Antillean islands. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution (accepted). ., 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.026" title="Brunfelsia (Solanaceae): A genus evenly divided between South America and radiations on Cuba and other Antillean islands. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution (accepted)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.026" year="2012">Filipowicz and Renner 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |