treatments-xml/data/96/91/7E/96917E64A11B583FAAF70D3691CDBD27.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" ID-PMC="PMC4329390" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-44-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F7D0B61EB037257FFD5B7587923FFB7" ID-PubMed="25698893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576261" ModsDocID="1314-2003-44-39" checkinTime="1451251619874" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Saerkinen, Tiina, Gonzales, Paul &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2015" docId="96917E64A11B583FAAF70D3691CDBD27" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 44: 39-64" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 44" docPubDate="2015-01-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693" docTitle="Solanum longifilamentum Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="2F7D0B61EB037257FFD5B7587923FFB7" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="2F7D0B61EB037257FFD5B7587923FFB7" masterDocTitle="Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668141277134" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, EH 3 5 LR Edinburgh, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tiinasarkinen@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gonzales, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Floristica, Departamento de Dicotiledoneas, Museo de Historia Natural - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Apartado Postal 14 - 0434, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW 7 5 BD London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-01-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>39</mods:start>
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.44.8693</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-44-39</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2F7D0B61EB037257FFD5B7587923FFB7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576261</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182228480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:96917E64A11B583FAAF70D3691CDBD27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/96917E64A11B583FAAF70D3691CDBD27" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName LSID="96917E64-A11B-583F-AAF7-0D3691CDBD27" authority="Särkinen &amp; P. Gonzáles" authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum" status="sp. nov.">
Solanum longifilamentum 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
&amp; P. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="40">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photos of Solanum longifilamentum. A Habit (Cueva et al. 276) B Flowers at full anthesis (Saerkinen et al. 4030) C Buds and flowers, floral type without black central star (Knapp et al. 10545) D Fruits with spreading calyx lobes (Knapp et al. 10545). Scale bars = 2 mm. Photos by S. Knapp (C, D), M. Cueva (A), and T. Saerkinen (B)." pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map of Solanum longifilamentum along eastern flanks of Central Andes in southern Ecuador and Peru." pageId="1" pageNumber="40">-2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
Like 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bitter, but differing in consistently narrower oblong-lanceolate leaves, few-flowered inflorescences, longer calyx lobes which elongate in fruit, filaments a minimum of half the length of anthers, and less exerted style exceeding to only 1 mm beyond the anther cone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Peru. Pasco:</emphasis>
Prov. Oxapampa, Dist. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, sector Tunqui, riberas del rio Muchuymayo, alrededores del hito PNYC, 1790 m, 22 Oct 2008 (fl, fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
M. Cueva, A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
, R. Rivera &amp; M. Moens 276
</emphasis>
(holotype: USM [USM-00268971]; isotypes: HOXA, HUT, MO [acc. 6455431]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
Delicate herb to small subshrub, woody at base, 20-100 cm tall, single stemmed or occasionally branching at the base. Stems 2-4 mm in diameter at the base, terete to ridged, often purple-tinged, sparsely pubescent with appressed 1-2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 2.5-12.0 cm long, 1.0-4.0 cm wide, ovate-lanceolate; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface with appressed 1-2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stem along the veins; primary veins 4-8 pairs; base cuneate to attenuate, slightly unequal and oblique; margins entire; apex acuminate; petiole 0.5-1.0 cm long, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves, especially on young growth. Inflorescences lateral and internodal, 1.5-3.0 cm long, simple, with 3-5(6) flowers often all apparently arising from the same place, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; peduncle 1.0-1.5 cm long, often tinged with purple; pedicels 0.5-0.6 cm long, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter at the base and 0.5 mm at apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, articulated at the base; pedicel scars closely spaced a maximum of 1 mm apart. Buds conical, white, occasionally purple-tinged towards the base, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect; calyx tube ca. 1.5-2.0 mm long, the lobes 1.0-1.5 mm long, deltate to traingular with acute apices, slightly reflexed at anthesis, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; corolla 5-6 mm in diameter, stellate, whitewith a yellow, purple or black central star at the base, lobed 2/3 to nearly to the base, the lobes ca. 3.0-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, purple towards tips, densely pubescent abaxially with 1-2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, these usually shorter than the trichomes of the stems and leaves; filament tube 1.0-1.2 mm long, pubescent with a few scattered 3-5-celled trichomes at the base adaxially; free portion of the filaments ca. 1.1-1.4 mm long, pubescent like the tube; anthers (1.7-)3.0-3.4 mm long, 0.8-0.9 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age; ovary globose, glabrous; style 3.5-4 mm long, exerted only to 0.5-1.0 mm beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent in lower 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; stigma globose, minutely papillate, pale yellow in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 6-7 mm in diameter, green at maturity or green and turning purplish black when ripe, the surface shiny; fruiting peduncle same as in flower; fruiting pedicels 1.0-1.2 cm long, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at the base, 0.9 mm at apex, spreading; fruiting calyx lobes 1.8-3.5 mm long, spreading, the tips reflexed. Seeds 35-45 per berry, c. 1.2 mm long, c. 1.1 mm wide, concave-reniform, narrower at one end, brownish orange, the sub-lateral hilum positioned towards the narrower end of the seed, the testal cells pentagonal in outline; stone cells few per fruit.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Photos of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
Habit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Cueva et al.</emphasis>
276) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
Flowers at full anthesis (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al.
</emphasis>
4030) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
Buds and flowers, floral type without black central star (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Knapp et al.</emphasis>
10545) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
Fruits with spreading calyx lobes (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Knapp et al.</emphasis>
10545). Scale bars = 2 mm. Photos by S. Knapp (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">C, D</emphasis>
), M. Cueva (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
), and T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="41" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia on the eastern slopes of the Andes growing in mid-elevation montane forests in moist areas, along roadsides, often amongst mosses and small herbs, associated with 
<taxonomicName family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
shrubs and herbs, 
<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus acuminata" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Alnus acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cecropia" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Cecropia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clusia" order="Guttiferales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Clusia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Clusiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Guttiferales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Onagraceae" genus="Fuchsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fuchsia" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fuchsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Onagraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Onagraceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Swartz" authorityYear="1788" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Hedyosmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hedyosmum" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Hedyosmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Swartz" authorityYear="1788" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Chloranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Chloranthaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Weinmannia" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Weinmannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Cunoniaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Miconia" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Miconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
), and tree ferns; between (800-) 1,000-2,800 (-3,500) m elevation.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along eastern flanks of Central Andes in southern Ecuador and Peru.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Flowering and fruiting throughout the year, with a peak of fruiting in March-July.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mortiño">Mortino</normalizedToken>
(Spanish; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4577
</emphasis>
); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wampishkúr">Wampishkur</normalizedToken>
(Shuar 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Lewis 14172</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
Stems and leaves crushed and applied with achiote (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Bixaceae" genus="Bixa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bixa orellana" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="orellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Bixa orellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Bixaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Bixaceae</taxonomicName>
) warm to treat skin irritations (papera) (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Lewis 14172</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
The species is named based on its uniquely long filaments in relation to the anthers which distinguish it from the closely related 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
The preliminary conservation status (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" refId="B15" refString="IUCN, 2010. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 8.0. [March 2010]., http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 8.0. [March 2010]" url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" year="2010">IUCN 2010</bibRefCitation>
) of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here considered of least concern (LC) based on the relatively large extent of the species occurrence (EOO, c. 781,800 km2), although the actual area of occupancy (AOO) is small (228 km2) and would merit status as endangered (EN). Many recent collections exist, indicating that populations are not in decline, and as are most members of the Morelloid clade, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a weedy plant of disturbed areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">BOLIVIA. Cochabamba:</emphasis>
Chapare: Along highway from Villa Tunari to Cochabamba, 43 km SW of bridge over 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-17.245">17°14'42&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 65°71'17&quot;W, 1320m, 1 May 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="42" start="start">M</pageBreakToken>
. Nee 55273
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">La Paz:</emphasis>
Bautista Saavedra: Area Natural de Manejo Integrado Apolobamba, carretera entre Charazani y Camata, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-15.213333">15°12'48&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-68.818886">68°49'08&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1870m, 19 Aug 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">A. Fuentes 13261</emphasis>
(NY,USM); Murillo: 44.0 km below Lago Zongo dam, vicinity of Cahua hydroelectric plant, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-16.083334">16°05'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 68°01'67&quot;W, 1200m, 12 Sep 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">J.C. Solomon 10806</emphasis>
(MO); Murillo: Valle del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Zongo, 40.2 km al N (abajo) de la cumbre, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.066668">16°04'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.03333">68°02'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1600m, 30 Apr 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">J.C. Solomon 18869</emphasis>
(G, MO); Nor Yungas: Carretera 3, 16.2 km SW of Yolosa jct toward Unduavi, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-16.220835">16°13'15&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-67.83278">67°49'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2078m, 12 Nov 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">C. Davidson 4976</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Santa Cruz:</emphasis>
Within the Flora de la Region del Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
, but above the 700m contour, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-18.108334">18°06'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="063" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-63.95">063°57'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1465m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">M. Nee 37245</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
ECUADOR. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañar">Canar</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Iganilla Pass on Pan America Highway between 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañar">Canar</normalizedToken>
and Biblian, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6166668">2°37'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.916664">78°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3500m, 12 Dec 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">L.B. Holm-Nielsen 28998</emphasis>
(BM,MO); Iganilla, S of the pass on Pan American Highway between 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañar">Canar</normalizedToken>
and Biblian, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6166668">2°37'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.916664">78°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3400m, 12 Dec 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">L.B. Holm-Nielsen 29039</emphasis>
(BM, MO); Carretera 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañar-Azoguez">Canar-Azoguez</normalizedToken>
, desvio a Moloboc-Grande-Molon-Ventana, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-1.7666667">1°46'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.6">78°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3200-3450m, 14 Aug 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">V. Zak 2446</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Loja:</emphasis>
Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
Tapichalaca (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
Jocotoco), between Yangana and Valledolid, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-4.495">4°29'42&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-79.13194">79°07'55&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2500m, 3 Apr 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">L. Bohs 3408</emphasis>
(NY, QCNE); Rd from Loja to Yangana, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-4.2">4°12'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-79.17">79°10'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 11 Jul 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
W.G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
16452A
</emphasis>
(MO); 20 kms from Yangana, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-4.4330554">4°25'59&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-79.166664">79°10'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2743m, 12 Jul 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
W.G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
16476
</emphasis>
(MO); Parque Educacional y Recreacional Universidad Nacional de Loja, vicinity of Loja, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-4.033889">4°02'02&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 79°11'87&quot;W, 2100-2300m, 28 Oct 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="43" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
. Knapp 9092
</emphasis>
(BM, MO); between Loja and Saraguro, 2316m, 14 Jul 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
W.G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
15746
</emphasis>
(MO, NY); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Pastaza:</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsurakú">Tsuraku</normalizedToken>
(Pitirishca), km 51 S on rd from Puyo to Macas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.85">1°51'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.8">77°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 800m, 1 Aug 1988, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">W.H. Lewis 14172</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Pichincha:</emphasis>
Along rd from Tandayapa to Nono, 4.1 km S of Tandayapa, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-0.01">0°00'36&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-78.65639">78°39'23&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1828m, 4 Sep 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">T.B. Croat 98274</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Zamora-Chinchipe:</emphasis>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
Arco Iris, between Loja and Zamora, trail from field station to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Francisco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-3.988889">3°59'20&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-79.093056">79°05'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2200m, 5 Apr 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">L. Bohs et al. 3434</emphasis>
(BM, QCNE); 10 km S of Namirez and Rio Zimora, vicinity of Nambija, along rd to mine headquarters ca. 5 km long, just south of Nambija, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-4.0622225">4°03'44&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-78.79139">78°47'29&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1779m, 23 Jul 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">T.B. Croat 92009</emphasis>
(BM); Prov. Chinchipe, region of Guaramizal, Parroquia Zumba, Quebrada 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarrangamí">Tarrangami</normalizedToken>
, near cabin of Sandy 
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
, W of Escuela Byron 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
, just S of Las Pircas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-4.7805552">4°46'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-79.20916">79°12'33&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2000m, 29 Mar 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">L. Bohs et al. 3354</emphasis>
(BM, QCNE, UT); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">PERU. Amazonas:</emphasis>
Prov. Bagua, third camp SE of la Peca, 1867-2179m, 10 Oct 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. Barbour 3958</emphasis>
(USM); Prov. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bongará">Bongara</normalizedToken>
, outside of main entrance to privately owned bird sanctuary just outside of the Alto Mayo protected area, ca. 2 km E of Area de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Privada Arba Patricia-Alto Nieva, 13 Oct 2010, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">F. Farruggia et al. 2753</emphasis>
(BM, HAO, NY, UT); Prov. Chachapoyas, Torrecilla, nr Turbaco, 2300m, 31 Mar 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C.M. Ochoa 13254</emphasis>
(US); Dist. Leymebamba, Bosque Alto Atuen, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-6.7555556">6°45'20&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-77.80195">77°48'07&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2583m, 27 Jun 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">R.W. Bussmann et al. 15823</emphasis>
(HUT); Prov. Luya, km 18-20 on rd from Nuevo Tingo to Kuelap, just before bridge at Choctamal, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-6.3869443">6°23'13&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-77.98611">77°59'10&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2610m, 19 Apr 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4611
</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Ayacucho:</emphasis>
Prov. La Mar, Aina, between Huanta and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Apurimac, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-12.7277775">12°43'40&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-73.95194">73°57'07&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1883m, 7 May 1929, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">E.P. Killip &amp; A.C. Smith 23116</emphasis>
(US); Dist. Anco, alrededores de Buena Gana, ca. 8.5 km lineales al WNW de San Antonio, 1775m, 21 Apr 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">J. Roque 5484</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Cajamarca:</emphasis>
Prov. Chota, a 1 km de Paraguay (Queroto-La Granja), 2250m, 7 Aug 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. Leiva et al. 1390</emphasis>
(F); Dist. Querocoto, Hacienda La Granja, quebrada San Lorenzo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-6.376111">6°22'34&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-73.13833">73°08'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2100-2500m, 2 Dec 2012, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
P. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
et al. 2108
</emphasis>
(USM); Prov. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Sallique, camino entre El Espino y 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tablón">Tablon</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.6833334">5°41'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.316666">79°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2500m, 25 Jul 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">J.Campos et al. 5379</emphasis>
(MO, USM); Prov. San Ignacio, San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Lourdes, Santo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomás">Tomas</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.016667">5°01'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.86667">78°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1900m, 7 Apr 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">J. Campos &amp; S. Corrales 3796</emphasis>
(BM, F, MO, USM); San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Lourdes, localidad Laurel, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.016667">5°01'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.933334">78°56'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1500-1600m, 17 May 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">J. Campos &amp; W. Vargas 3908</emphasis>
(MO, MOL, USM); San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Lourdes, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.75">5°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.933334">78°56'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1020m, 18 Feb 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
J. Campos &amp; R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
6472
</emphasis>
(MO, MOL, NY, USM); Dist. Huarango, Nuevo Mundo, Caseiro Pisaguas, a 2 horas del poblado y al N, margen derecha quebrada Santa Rosa, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-5.852222">5°51'08&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-78.53667">78°32'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1700m, 11 Nov 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
R. 1909
</emphasis>
(BM, HUT, MO); Dist. San Ignacio, El Chaupe, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-5.186667">5°11'12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-79.05334">79°03'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1880m, 10 Oct 2010, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">F. Farruggia et al. 2720</emphasis>
(BM, HAO, NY, UT); San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Lourdes, campamento Zural, camino al cerro Picorana, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-4.9875">4°59'15&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-78.90083">78°54'03&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2010m, 29 Jan 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
et al. 10555
</emphasis>
(MO, MOL, USM); Tabaconas, Santuario Nacional Tabaconas-Namballe, Quebrada Chichilapa grande, 2190m, 11 Nov 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
9972
</emphasis>
(MO,NY,USM); Along mud track between San Jose de Lourdes and Monterey de le Frontera, past the village of Diamantes, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-4.984167">4°59'03&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-78.928055">78°55'41&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1587m, 16 Apr 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4577
</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Cusco:</emphasis>
Prov. Calca, ca. 2 km up Lares branch of Calca-Quellouno rd (from junction of the Amparaes branch and the Lares branch), just above large bridge nr rd junction on way to Lares, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-12.974166">12°58'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-72.05889">72°03'32&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2589m, 16 Mar 2012, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. Knapp et al. 10454</emphasis>
(BM, USM); Prov. La 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Convención">Convencion</normalizedToken>
, Dist. Ocobamba, Versalles, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-12.776944">12°46'37&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-72.28278">72°16'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1853m, 21 Nov 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">L. Valenzuela et al. 10353</emphasis>
(BM); Prov. Paucartambo, entre los km 128-131 de la carretera Paucartambo-Pilcopata, 2350-2400m, 4 Jul 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
A. Cano &amp; O. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riofrío">Riofrio</normalizedToken>
5402
</emphasis>
(USM); Entre los km 126-128 de la carretera Paucartambo-Pilcopata, 2500-2600m, 5 Jul 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
A. Cano &amp; O. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riofrío">Riofrio</normalizedToken>
5516
</emphasis>
(USM); Entre los km 128-131 de la carretera Paucartambo-Pilcopata, 2350-2400m, 4 Jul 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
A. Cano &amp; O. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riofrío">Riofrio</normalizedToken>
5455
</emphasis>
(USM); 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.05">13°03' S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.55">71°33' W</geoCoordinate>
, 1500m, Aug 2010, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">P. Chambi &amp; J. Chambi 21</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Prov. Chinchao, San Pedro de Carpish, arriba del tunel, camino a la torre eletrica chica, 2770-2820m, 22 May 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">I. Salinas 336</emphasis>
(USM); Dept. Chinchao, San Pedro de Carpish, arriba del tunel, 2770-2820m, 3 May 2005, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
I. Salinas &amp; H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Beltrán">Beltran</normalizedToken>
1144
</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Prov. Chanchamayo, on rd from San Ramon to Puyusacha, a private conservation area, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-11.091944">11°05'31&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-75.406944">75°24'25&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 949m, 30 May 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4820
</emphasis>
(USM); Rd from San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
past Vitoc to Union Mantish, past Rio Chilpes, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-11.251389">11°15'05&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-75.35611">75°21'22&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1309m, 2 Jun 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4834
</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Pasco:</emphasis>
Prov. Oxapampa, 2-4 km N of Mallampampa, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.533334">10°32'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.75">75°45' W</geoCoordinate>
, 2200-2400m, 22 Jan 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">D.N. Smith &amp; J. Canne 5857</emphasis>
(MO,USM); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, sector San Daniel, zona de amortiguamiento, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-10.426667">10°25'36&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-75.443054">75°26'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2387m, 28 Dec 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
M. Cueva &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
418
</emphasis>
(HUSA,USM); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, sector San Tunqui, camino hacia Maria 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puñis">Punis</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-10.271944">10°16'19&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-75.50972">75°30'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1895m, 6 Feb 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
M. Cueva &amp; A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
444
</emphasis>
(HUSA); Dist. Huancabamba, Zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, Rio Chillcatambo, parte media, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-10.291112">10°17'28&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-75.50889">75°30'32&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1852m, 18 Jul 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A. Monteagudo et al. 16710</emphasis>
(USM); Dist. Huancabamba, Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, parte alta de la trocha Tunqui-Cajonpata, sector Tunqui, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-10.270833">10°16'15&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-75.506386">75°30'23&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1950m, 31 Oct 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A. Monteagudo et al. 15798</emphasis>
(USM); at Ulcumano Ecolodge nr Oxapampa, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-10.636389">10°38'11&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-75.43472">75°26'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2239m, 9 Jun 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4856
</emphasis>
(USM); Dist. Huancabamba, Sector Tunqui, parte media de la quebrada Muchuy Mayo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-10.291667">10°17'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-75.51806">75°31'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1800m, 29 Oct 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A. Monteagudo et al. 15724</emphasis>
(BM, USM); Dist. Oxapampa, parte media de la quebrada San Alberto (zona de amortiguamiento), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-10.55">10°33'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-75.3775">75°22'39&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2135m, 8 May 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">A. Monteagudo et al. 13936</emphasis>
(BM); Dist. Huancabamba, carretera San Daniel-Tunqui, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-10.385">10°23'06&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-73.54833">73°32'54&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1645m, 25 May 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 35721
</emphasis>
(USM); Dist. Huancabamba, sector Tunqui, Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, camino hacia Maria Punis, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-10.275277">10°16'31&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-75.51639">75°30'59&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1895m, 18 Oct 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">M. Cueva et al. 216</emphasis>
(USM); Dist. Huancabamba, sector Tunqui, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="-10.278333">10°16'42&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-75.516945">75°31'01&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1784m, 11 Nov 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">J.R. Ayerbe &amp; D. Heredia 194</emphasis>
(USM); Dist. Huancabamba, sector San Daniel, Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-10.440833">10°26'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-75.441666">75°26'30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2240m, 24 Feb 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">M. Cueva &amp; R. Rivera 474</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Puno:</emphasis>
Prov. Carabaya, Ollachea to San Gaban, 1000-2000m, 17 Jul 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">M. Dillon et al. 1115</emphasis>
(MO); Prov. Carabaya, km 258-255 on rd to Juliaca from San Gaban, just before Charcaneque, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-13.641666">13°38'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-70.47">70°28'12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1550m, 19 Mar 2012, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4029
</emphasis>
(USM); Km 250 on rd to Juliaca from San Gaban, just before Uruhuasi, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-13.689722">13°41'23&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-70.45722">70°27'26&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1918m, 19 Mar 2012, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
T. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 4030
</emphasis>
(BM, USM); Prov. Sandia, 2100-2200m, 14 May 1966, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">R.Ferreyra 16721</emphasis>
(USM); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
:
</emphasis>
Prov. Mariscal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, between the la playa and Las Papayas camps, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0">7°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.0">77°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2700m, 18 Aug 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">K. Young 4265</emphasis>
(USM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bitter of Central and northern South America but these species can be distinguished based on calyx lobes (size and shape) in flower and fruit, anther: filament length ratio, and the length of the style. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has oblong, calyx lobes 1.0-1.5 mm long that are slightly spreading in fruit, while 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller, 0.5-1.0 mm long, triangular lobes that are tightly appressed to the mature fruit. Filaments are a minimum of half the length of anthers in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where filaments are always clearly smaller in relation to anthers. Styles are exerted to only 0.5-1.0 mm beyond the anther cone in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but extend 1.5-3.5 mm beyond the anthers in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although leaf shape is generally variable within most 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has consistently narrower, oblong-lanceolate leaves compared to the more ovate leaves of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other members of the Morelloid clade with which 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be confused include 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum americanum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudoamericanum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoamericanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum pseudoamericanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
, P. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
&amp; S.Knapp both of which have smaller anthers c. 1.0-1.5 mm long and curved or included styles, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum zahlbruckneri" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zahlbruckneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum zahlbruckneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bitter that is a larger, broadly spreading shrub up to 2 m high, with larger, violet corollas up to 2 cm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
Some infraspecific variation in anther size and pubescence can be noted within 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saerkinen &amp; P. Gonzales" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum longifilamentum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifilamentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum longifilamentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some specimens from throughout the species range have shorter and slightly narrower anthers 1.7-2.0 mm long and 0.6-0.7 mm wide (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
Smith &amp; Canne 5857; Salinas 1144; Knapp et al. 10454; Campos 5379; Cueva &amp; Rivera 474; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonzáles">Gonzales</normalizedToken>
et al. 2108
</emphasis>
). These specimens also have denser leaf pubescence on both surfaces, especially on young growth, and more broadly ovate leaves. The variation appears to correlate with environmental conditions rather than geography, where with denser pubescence and smaller anthers seem to grow in drier habitats based on herbarium specimen labels plants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
Specimens belonging to this new taxon have been identified under various names, including 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrotonum" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrotonum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum macrotonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martens &amp; Galeotti, neither of which occur in Peru.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>