313 lines
36 KiB
XML
313 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5E935B8C68CAD0CFCB1D8B606B0ADA54">Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="669D290AB413583218C0E0A11A3A045A">Zhenzu Xu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A94B388B0FAB3CD15B44648FD081692B">Jiaqi Huang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20217146E87D3FA28C36CE1C5D17824A">Mao Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3479D1406D8EB836D5A3C5B2ED6426C">Donghui Guo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3B4B8539DA82CEE0B6E6283DD143646">Chunguang Wang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8255DAC67EAAAAA76DFBDCED257D7665">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DF0FF002D6BBDF9E04150ED2377177EE">2016</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FC4CFE2B6A95" blockId="2.[136,704,993,1082]" box="[136,422,993,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<heading id="45448197FFE3FFABFF54FC4CFE2B6A95" bold="true" box="[136,422,993,1018]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFF54FC4CFE2B6A95" ID-CoL="7NRDL" authority="Gunther, 1903" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1903" box="[136,422,993,1018]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFF54FC4CFE2B6A95" bold="true" box="[136,422,993,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFF54FC4CFF706A96" bold="true" box="[136,253,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFED8FC4FFE2B6A95" author="Gunther, R. T." box="[260,422,994,1018]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="420 - 430" part="7" refString="Gunther, R. T. 1903. Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 11: 420 - 430, pls. 9 - 10." title="Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898" type="journal article" year="1903">Günther, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FBA9FDED6D56" blockId="2.[136,704,993,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EA311D5FFE3FFABFF54FBA9FDED6D56" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection id="56A96570FFE3FFABFF54FBA9FD4D6D76" box="[136,704,1028,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFF54FBA9FF626D76" ID-CoL="7NRDL" box="[136,239,1028,1049]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFF54FBA9FF626D76" box="[136,239,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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n. g.
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<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFEF9FBA9FE6F6D76" author="Gunther, R. T." box="[293,482,1028,1050]" page="424" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFEF9FBA9FE3E6D76" author="Gunther, R. T." box="[293,435,1028,1050]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="420 - 430" part="7" refString="Gunther, R. T. 1903. Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 11: 420 - 430, pls. 9 - 10." title="Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898" type="journal article" year="1903">Günther, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 424
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFE30FBA9FD316D76" author="Schuchert, P." box="[492,700,1028,1050]" page="443" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFE30FBA9FD016D76" author="Schuchert, P." box="[492,652,1028,1050]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="441 - 507" part="116" refString="Schuchert, P. 2009. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 5. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 116 (3 - 4): 441 - 507." title="The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 5" type="journal article" year="2009">Schuchert, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 443
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56A96570FFE3FFABFF54FB88FDED6D56" box="[136,608,1060,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<typeStatus id="C1088859FFE3FFABFF54FB88FF356D55" box="[136,184,1061,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFECCFB89FDD06D56" ID-CoL="P3N8" authority="Gunther, 1903" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1903" box="[272,605,1060,1082]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="murrayi">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFECCFB89FE476D55" box="[272,458,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara murrayi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFE0CFB89FDD06D56" author="Gunther, R. T." box="[464,605,1060,1082]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="420 - 430" part="7" refString="Gunther, R. T. 1903. Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 11: 420 - 430, pls. 9 - 10." title="Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898" type="journal article" year="1903">Günther, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="56A96570FFE3FFABFF61FBF4FC026DD8" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF61FBF4FC026DD8" blockId="2.[136,1451,1113,1207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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Diagnosis. Medusa with four simple or bifurcated radial canals, without centripetal canals; with or without secondary (rudimentary) tentacles, these entirely covered with nematocysts; gonads interradial, with transverse furrows; no ocelli. Remarks. Only three
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<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFE7EFB32FD996DD8" box="[418,532,1183,1207]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFE7EFB32FD996DD8" box="[418,532,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species occurs in South
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<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE3FFABFCC6FB32FCD76DD8" box="[794,858,1183,1207]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="56A96570FFE3FFABFF54FB47FC986C2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FB47FD4A6C6C" blockId="2.[136,1451,1258,1347]" box="[136,711,1258,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFF54FB47FD876C6C" ID-CoL="P3N3" authority="Naumov, 1960" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1960" box="[136,522,1258,1283]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFF54FB47FD876C6C" bold="true" box="[136,522,1258,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFF54FB47FEEF6C6D" bold="true" box="[136,354,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara depressa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFEB5FB46FD876C6C" author="Naumov, D. V." box="[361,522,1259,1283]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 585" refString="Naumov, D. V. 1960. Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 70: 1 - 585, 30 pls." title="Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR" type="book chapter" year="1960">Naumov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="86882A7EFFE3FFABFDF7FB46FD326C6C" box="[555,703,1259,1283]" captionStart="Figures 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[155,227,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,1414,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1409,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1 – 6. Bythotiaridae spp. 1 – 3, 5 – 6. Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960. 4. Protiaropsis anonyma (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 1. Mature medusa, side-view, bell 20 mm in height (after Naumov, 1960). 2. Adult, margin and tentacle tip (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 3. Juvenile (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 5. Side-view. 6. Mouth and gonads, oral view. Scale bars = 3.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270291/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Figs 1–3, 5–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FAA0FC986C2D" blockId="2.[136,1451,1258,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EA311D5FFE3FFABFF54FAA0FC986C2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFF54FAA0FD806C4D" ID-CoL="P3N3" authority="Naumov, 1960: 191" authorityName="Naumov" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1960" box="[136,525,1293,1315]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
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<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFF54FAA0FEC46C4D" box="[136,329,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara depressa</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFE8CFAA3FD806C4D" author="Naumov, D. V." box="[336,525,1293,1315]" page="191" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFE8CFAA3FE6C6C4C" author="Naumov, D. V." box="[336,481,1293,1315]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 585" refString="Naumov, D. V. 1960. Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 70: 1 - 585, 30 pls." title="Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR" type="book chapter" year="1960">Naumov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 191
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–192, fig. 77;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFD4AFAA3FCB66C4C" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[662,827,1293,1315]" page="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFD4AFAA3FC9A6C4C" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[662,791,1293,1315]" journalOrPublisher="Dana-Report" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 200" part="72" refString="Kramp, P. L. 1968. The Hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sections II and III. Dana-Report, 72: 1 - 200." title="The Hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Sections II and III" type="journal article" year="1968">Kramp, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 54
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 144;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFC41FAA0FB7B6C4C" author="Arai, M. N. & Brinckmann-Voss, A." box="[925,1270,1293,1315]" page="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFC41FAA0FB5F6C4D" author="Arai, M. N. & Brinckmann-Voss, A." box="[925,1234,1293,1315]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Bulletin Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 192" part="204" refString="Arai, M. N., Brinckmann-Voss, A. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 204: 1 - 192." title="Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound" type="journal article" year="1980">Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFADCFAA0FED16C2D" author="Brinckmann-Voss, A. & Arai, M. N." page="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="1998">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFADCFAA0FEB76C2D" author="Brinckmann-Voss, A. & Arai, M. N." journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="37 - 68" part="323" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Arai, M. N. 1998. Further notes on Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323 (31): 37 - 68." title="Further notes on Leptolida (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) from Canadian Pacific Waters" type="journal article" year="1998">Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 40
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–42, fig. 1a, 1c;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="9F1210EAFFE3FFABFE24FA83FD376C2D" author="Xu, Z. Z. & Huang, J. Q. & Lin, M. & Guo, D. H. & Wang, C. G." box="[504,698,1325,1347]" page="281" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFE24FA83FD066C2D" author="Xu, Z. Z. & Huang, J. Q. & Lin, M. & Guo, D. H. & Wang, C. G." bookContentInfo="945 pp." box="[504,651,1325,1347]" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" refString="Xu, Z. Z., Huang, J. Q., Lin, M., Guo, D. H., Wang, C. G., 2014. The Superclass Hydrozoa of the Phylum Cnidaria in China. China Ocean Press, Beijing. 945 pp." title="The Superclass Hydrozoa of the Phylum Cnidaria in China" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFDC7FA83FDC86C2D" box="[539,581,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 281
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 140.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4ACC6673FFE3FFABFF47F808FED26174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270291/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" targetBox="[265,1323,1414,1916]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF47F808FED26174" blockId="2.[155,1434,1957,2075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Figures 1–6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFEC1F808FE126ED4" box="[285,415,1957,1979]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Bythotiaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. 1–3, 5–6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFDE5F808FC186ED4" authority="Naumov, 1960" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1960" box="[569,917,1957,1979]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFDE5F808FD716ED5" box="[569,764,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotiara depressa</emphasis>
|
||
Naumov, 1960
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFC65F80BFB026ED4" box="[953,1167,1958,1979]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Protiaropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFC65F80BFB026ED4" box="[953,1167,1958,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Protiaropsis anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 1. Mature medusa, side-view, bell 20 mm in height (after Naumov, 1960). 2. Adult, margin and tentacle tip (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 3. Juvenile (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 5. Side-view. 6. Mouth and gonads, oral view. Scale bars = 3.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56A96570FFE2FFAAFF61FF41FAAD6A1B" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE2FFAAFF61FF41FDC36802" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Material examined. Three specimens from the southern South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE2FFAAFCABFF41FC3A686B" box="[887,951,236,260]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, one specimen,
|
||
<date id="6A0D103BFFE2FFAAFB7DFF40FAD8686A" box="[1185,1365,237,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" value="2011-08-28">28 August 2011</date>
|
||
, station NT11012 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B87503CFFE2FFAAFEDDFEA2FEEC6848" box="[257,353,271,295]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="4.0">04°00’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B87503CFFE2FFAAFEACFEA2FE546848" box="[368,473,271,295]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="113.0">113°00’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth
|
||
<quantity id="D94B9B1EFFE2FFAAFDE4FEA2FD0E6849" box="[568,643,271,295]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="42.5">42.5 m</quantity>
|
||
; the other two specimens,
|
||
<date id="6A0D103BFFE2FFAAFC6AFEA2FBE16848" box="[950,1132,271,295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" value="2011-08-30">30 August 2011</date>
|
||
, station NT11015 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B87503CFFE2FFAAFA94FEA2FA2A6848" box="[1352,1447,271,295]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="17.75">17°45’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B87503CFFE2FFAAFF54FE9CFF626826" box="[136,239,305,329]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="111.25">111°15’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="08B5FD72FFE2FFAAFE91FE9FFE196826" box="[333,404,306,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="D94B9B1EFFE2FFAAFE91FE9FFE1D6826" box="[333,400,306,330]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
One specimen from the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE2FFAAFCC9FE9FFCEE6825" box="[789,867,306,330]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait, station TD07101 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B87503CFFE2FFAAFB5FFE9FFB6C6825" box="[1155,1249,306,330]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="21.233334">21°14’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B87503CFFE2FFAAFB2CFE9FFAD46825" box="[1264,1369,306,330]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="116.45">116°27’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth
|
||
<quantity id="D94B9B1EFFE2FFAAFF54FEF8FF476803" box="[136,202,341,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="329.0">329 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6A0D103BFFE2FFAAFF09FEF8FE046802" box="[213,393,341,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" value="2007-01-31">31 January 2007</date>
|
||
; coll. Xiang Peng.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE2FFAAFF61FEDAFB546B75" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Description. Umbrella laterally flattened,
|
||
<quantity id="D94B9B1EFFE2FFAAFD5FFEDAFD5A68E1" box="[643,727,375,399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height,
|
||
<quantity id="D94B9B1EFFE2FFAAFC8CFEDAFC4168E1" box="[848,972,375,399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width, with thick mesoglea, especially at apex; manubrium half length of bell cavity or less; gonad interradial, with varied degree of folding, usually with two or four transverse folds; eight tentacles thick at base, becoming very thin before terminal nematocyst clusters; without secondary tentacles; terminal nematocyst clusters of adult specimens mostly spherical, rarely ovate but still arising abruptly from a narrow portion of the tentacle; four unbranched radial canals, without centripetal canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE2FFAAFF61FD89FB8B6B30" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Distribution. Southern of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE2FFAAFE0FFD89FDAC6B53" box="[467,545,548,572]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait and southern of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE2FFAAFCBCFD89FC2D6B53" box="[864,928,548,572]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea; sea of Okhotsk, Kurile Islands, Bering Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE2FFAAFF53FDEAFEBF6B30" author="Naumov, D. V." box="[143,306,583,607]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 585" refString="Naumov, D. V. 1960. Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 70: 1 - 585, 30 pls." title="Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR" type="book chapter" year="1960">Naumov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), northeast and northwest Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE2FFAAFD7DFDEAFC776B30" author="Arai, M. N. & Brinckmann-Voss, A." box="[673,1018,583,607]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Bulletin Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 192" part="204" refString="Arai, M. N., Brinckmann-Voss, A. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 204: 1 - 192." title="Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound" type="journal article" year="1980">Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE2FFAAFF61FDC7FC266A63" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFEF7FDC7FD8F6BED" box="[299,514,618,642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFEF7FDC7FD8F6BED" box="[299,514,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Bythotiara depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has frequently been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFC5FFDC7FA856BEE" authority="Maas, 1905" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1905" box="[899,1288,617,642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Protiaropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFC5FFDC7FBFD6BEE" box="[899,1136,618,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Protiaropsis anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE2FFAAFBA3FDC7FA8D6BEE" author="Maas, O." box="[1151,1280,617,642]" journalOrPublisher="Siboga-Expeditie" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 84" part="10" refString="Maas, O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga-Expeditie, 10: 1 - 84." title="Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFAF2FDC7FF676BCB" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Heterotiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFAF2FDC7FF676BCB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Heterotiara anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Based on the literatures description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFD76FD20FCA56BCB" box="[682,808,652,676]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFD76FD20FCA56BCB" box="[682,808,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">B. depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and his own abundant material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFB7BFD20FAA86BCB" box="[1191,1317,653,676]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Heterotiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFB7BFD20FAA86BCB" box="[1191,1317,653,676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">P. anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE2FFAAFAB6FD20FE9F6BA8" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE2FFAAFEC0FD02FE456BA8" author="Bouillon, J." box="[284,456,687,711]" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologic Marine" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="307 - 344" part="21" refString="Bouillon, J. 1980. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie III: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa- Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologic Marine, 21 (3): 307 - 344." title="Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie III: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa- Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1980">Bouillon (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested this two species might be conspecific. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE2FFAAFB90FD02FA216BA8" author="Arai, M. N. & Brinckmann-Voss, A." box="[1100,1452,687,711]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Bulletin Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 192" part="204" refString="Arai, M. N., Brinckmann-Voss, A. 1980. Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 204: 1 - 192." title="Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound" type="journal article" year="1980">Arai & Brinckmann-Voss (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recommended that they should be kept separate after comparing
|
||
<specimenCount id="08B5FD72FFE2FFAAFC86FD7FFC766B85" box="[858,1019,722,746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="generic">232 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFBFAFD7FFB2B6B85" box="[1062,1190,722,746]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFBFAFD7FFB2B6B85" box="[1062,1190,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">B. depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northeast and northwest Pacific to
|
||
<specimenCount id="08B5FD72FFE2FFAAFEB8FD59FE786A63" box="[356,501,756,780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFDC4FD58FD196A63" box="[536,660,757,780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Heterotiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFDC4FD58FD196A63" box="[536,660,757,780]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">P. anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66A4766BFFE2FFAAFD09FD58FC2A6A63" box="[725,935,756,780]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE2FFAAFF61FCBAFAAD6A1B" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">The two species are very similar. Each of them has four unbranched radial canals and tentacles (normally eight) with terminal nematocyst thickening. Although they are placed in different genera based on degree of gonad folding, the two species are very similar on it. Both of them may be smooth or show loose folding as the manubrium contracts.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56A96570FFE2FFAAFF61FCD2FDE06D2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE2FFAAFF61FCD2FDE06D2B" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFEF2FCD2FD856AF8" box="[302,520,895,919]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFEF2FCD2FD856AF8" box="[302,520,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Bythotiara depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFCBEFCD2FBDC6AF8" box="[866,1105,895,919]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Protiaropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFCBEFCD2FBDC6AF8" box="[866,1105,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Protiaropsis anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by: 1) the terminal nematocyst clusters of the tentacles are usually spherical in adult, and always arise abruptly from a very thin portion of tentacle in the former, whereas they are more elongate in the latter; 2) radial canals of the former are twice the thickness of comparably size latter, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFEFBFC45FE2E6A90" box="[295,419,999,1023]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFEFBFC45FE2E6A90" box="[295,419,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">B. depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not show any thickening at the junction of radial and circular canals, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFAF3FC45FA216A90" box="[1327,1452,1000,1023]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Protiaropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFAF3FC45FA216A90" box="[1327,1452,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">P. anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a slight thickening at that point; 3) the vacuolated portion of endodermal cells in the adnate tentacle base is thicker in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFF78FB80FE926D2B" box="[164,287,1068,1092]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFF78FB80FE926D2B" box="[164,287,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">B. depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE2FFAAFEAAFB80FE7F6D2B" box="[374,498,1069,1092]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Protiaropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anonyma">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE2FFAAFEAAFB80FE7F6D2B" box="[374,498,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">P. anonyma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86882A7EFFE2FFAAFDDCFB81FDED6D2B" box="[512,608,1068,1092]" captionStart="Figures 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[155,227,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[265,1323,1414,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1409,1922]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1 – 6. Bythotiaridae spp. 1 – 3, 5 – 6. Bythotiara depressa Naumov, 1960. 4. Protiaropsis anonyma (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 1. Mature medusa, side-view, bell 20 mm in height (after Naumov, 1960). 2. Adult, margin and tentacle tip (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 3. Juvenile (after Brinckmann-Voss & Arai, 1998). 5. Side-view. 6. Mouth and gonads, oral view. Scale bars = 3.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270291/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Figs 2, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |