266 lines
38 KiB
XML
266 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="0CD1360ACFC4156A121CA3526012360F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7cbc23a-7a4c-4616-83fd-059fb458f7b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257286" ID-ZooBank="B264C215-000D-42C5-8AC9-B801872CD182" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476339245459" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2016" docId="953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pillsburiaster ernesti Ludwig 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="690EFFC1FF8FFFE85C67FF96857BFFB8" masterDocTitle="Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1698389676701" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="458D33675FF7B362BB0ADF72B89F95EA">
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<mods:title id="79B957845D2EE5C541BF18EE28113EDB">Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="08CAAF2CF1E96B340B35071A95664DB3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0BB254FF3DEB70DAFBAAB5B32582091B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="433B8ACF47EB76B5DBB6FCC3595C38B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C77D406C3E68BFB4180E708DCB63359C">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6B847AB71B5596176F84CA8BF450F42D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="21BE51619AE959F4F744502006DD87C7">
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<mods:title id="A1DC5F4F76EA560247BC390F6136BD35">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F3099F0A7D633F76E669897829D55E76">
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<mods:date id="6E28D8E8B885135EF1D50CDA4AAB4441">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6E36CEDE1D3F6FAC16AB27421E1A70BA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4448615151D6832F42357A2DB0926238">4175</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F68B2AA652B432FDF6D67225E9EBC140" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B4B20385E55CA5831AB51C14452B1C25">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0EC0BA12325CFF60869A24C783B75863">101</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="ACE7D21C8B339AECFB6F905B121ACF54">141</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="7F7E0270D63A9EF3A494E1318947FD9F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D96ABAF2A7F66A14AE7F3491FDF9FC71" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38166F074522854F2B9E0978692F10F6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7C9E6C66F9D6754239618444E1620B96" type="Zenodo-Dep">257286</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055256" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF95FFF25CF0FF01845CFF6B" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CF0FF01872DFF0A" blockId="26.[151,598,151,211]" box="[151,598,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<heading id="466981C3FF95FFF25CF0FF01872DFF0A" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF95FFF25CF0FF01872DFF0A" ID-CoL="4HTTY" authority="Ludwig, 1905" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,598,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernesti">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CF0FF01872DFF0A" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CF0FF0184E9FF09" bold="true" box="[151,402,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Pillsburiaster ernesti</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF95FFF25DC5FF0E8735FF0A" author="Ludwig" box="[418,590,152,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CF0FF2C845CFF6B" blockId="26.[151,598,151,211]" box="[151,295,186,211]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25CF0FF2C858FFF6B" box="[151,244,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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A–F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF95FFF25CF0FE948774FD88" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CF0FE94875EFEA0" blockId="26.[151,736,258,311]" box="[151,549,258,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF95FFF25CF0FE948453FEA0" author="Ludwig" box="[151,296,258,280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 136 (as
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF95FFF25DE5FE95876DFEA0" box="[386,534,259,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pentagonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25DE5FE95876DFEA0" box="[386,534,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Pentagonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CF0FEB7879BFE8F" blockId="26.[151,736,258,311]" box="[151,736,289,311]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF95FFF25CF0FEB7844DFE8F" author="Halpern" box="[151,310,289,311]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 c) Biological investigation of the deep sea. 53. New species and genera of goniasterid sea stars. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1970" yearSuffix="c">Halpern, 1970c</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF95FFF25D3DFEB784AFFE8F" author="Maluf" box="[346,468,289,311]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" refString="Maluf, Y. (1988) Composition and distribution of the central eastern Pacific echinoderms. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Technical Reports, 2, 242 pp." type="book" year="1988">Maluf 1988</bibRefCitation>
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:34, 118 (as
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF95FFF25E2AFEB787A3FE8F" box="[589,728,289,311]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25E2AFEB787A3FE8F" box="[589,728,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Pillsburiaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CF0FEF28774FD88" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CF0FEF284B2FEC5" bold="true" box="[151,457,356,381]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Neolectotype designation.</emphasis>
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As outlined by
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF95FFF25EE4FEF28653FEC5" author="Ahearn" box="[643,808,356,381]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" refString="Ahearn, C. G. (1995) Catalog of the type specimens of seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 572, 59 pp." type="book" year="1995">Ahearn (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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the
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF25F3BFEF386F7FEC5" box="[860,908,357,381]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
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specimen deposited in the NMNH collections was termed a
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF25D53FE1E84F5FE18" box="[308,398,392,416]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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, seemingly due to Ludwig’s designation of two
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF25FCAFE1E86A6FE18" box="[941,989,392,416]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
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specimens from
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF258F8FE118072FE18" box="[1183,1289,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Albatross</emphasis>
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station 3362 with the same catalog number. This second specimen is missing from the collection. As the only extant
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF2590BFE3B80E7FE7D" box="[1388,1436,429,453]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
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material (
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25D64FE59843DFE50" box="[259,326,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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A–C), this specimen is more accurately designated as the neolectotype. There is no indication that that the other
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF25D54FE6384F1FDB5" box="[307,394,501,525]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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is extant but also none that it has been lost, and so its discovery and subsequent designation as the
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF25CB9FD81843FFD88" box="[222,324,535,560]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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remains possible.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF95FFF25CA0FDAA8139FCCD" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CA0FDAA87EBFCE8" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CA0FDAA8434FDED" bold="true" box="[199,335,572,597]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Comments.</emphasis>
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This species varied significantly across its range, ranging from a more weakly stellate form with with short arms (neolectotype with R=3.1) to a more strongly stellate form with more elongate arms (specimen SIO E1613). Superomarginal plates are much wider in the southern forms with more northern individuals displaying intermediate superomarginal plate shapes varying from quadrate to more elongate in outline. However, morphological characters of other specimens, including number of furrow spines, abactinal and marginal granulation, and number of superomarginal plates are broadly consistent with those of the
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<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF258CAFD798074FCB0" box="[1197,1295,751,776]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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given some accommodation for size and variation. Differences are observed at extreme ends of the range but intermediate in form do not support species-level separation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CA0FCCA8139FCCD" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" box="[199,1090,860,885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CA0FCCA84CCFCCD" bold="true" box="[199,439,860,885]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CA0FCCA8469FCCC" bold="true" box="[199,274,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">In situ</emphasis>
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observations.
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</emphasis>
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Individuals of this species were observed on basalt rocks.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF95FFF45CA0FCE98495FDD8" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CA0FCE98182FC2F" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" box="[199,1273,895,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF95FFF25CA0FCE98182FC2F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556591" box="[199,1273,895,920]" collectorName="President Jackson Seamounts B" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1783" location="Occurrence. Cocos Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="18416074FF95FFF25CA0FCE9848FFC20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4:18416074FF95FFF25CA0FCE9848FFC20" box="[199,500,895,920]" country="Costa Rica" name="Occurrence. Cocos Island" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CA0FCE98422FC20" bold="true" box="[199,345,895,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Cocos Island
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</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF95FFF25E67FC168707FC20" box="[512,636,895,920]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectorName id="B06B5379FF95FFF25EEFFCE98690FC2F" box="[648,1003,895,920]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">President Jackson Seamounts B</collectorName>
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and C.
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<elevation id="96B3D19CFF95FFF25825FCE9818EFC2F" box="[1090,1269,895,920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78275" metricValueMax="2.149" metricValueMin="1.4165" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" unit="m" value="1782.75" valueMax="2149.0" valueMin="1416.5">
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<quantity id="DA669B4AFF95FFF25825FCE9818EFC2F" box="[1090,1269,895,920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78275" metricValueMax="2.149" metricValueMin="1.4165" pageId="26" pageNumber="127" unit="m" value="1782.75" valueMax="2149.0" valueMin="1416.5">1416.5–2149 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CA0FC32815BFC58" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF95FFF25CA0FC328422FC05" bold="true" box="[199,345,932,957]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Description.</emphasis>
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Body weakly stellate to stellate (R/r=1.93–2.5) disk broad, with triangular arms, ranging from short to weakly elongate. Interradial arcs broadly curved to straight (
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25FF1FC5186A6FC58" box="[918,989,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Figs 9</figureCitation>
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A–F).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CA0FC7A818CFAD5" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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Abactinal surface composed of abactinal plates round to polygonal in outline, forming distinct mounds each covered by large, coarse granules, four to 20 per plate (
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25F62FB998633FB90" box="[773,840,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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B). Abactinal plates present on disk up to area where superomarginals abut. Patchy regions with granules reduced or absent from plate surface bare but other plates completely covered with granules. Radial regions with granules reduced or absent from plate surface but other plates completely covered with granules. No clear differentiation between central and peripheral granules. Granules crowded, more evenly proximally and in radial regions, becoming more densely arranged interradially and in distal areas adjacent to superomarginals. At R=2.8, three to four granules counted along a 1.0 mm line. At R=3.1, two to three granules counted along a 1.0 mm line. At R=3.6, four granules are counted along a 1.0 mm line. Shallow to absent fasciolar grooves between plates. Large papulae four to six around each plate, present in radial regions, absent interradially. Madreporite pentagonal to round, flanked by five to eight plates. When pedicellariae present, they are small and tong-like but fewer than four per individual were observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF95FFF25CA0FAE1866FF815" blockId="26.[151,1437,356,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
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Marginal plates, 18–28 superomarginals, 20–30 inferomarginals with distinct abactinal facing border. Distalmost three to four superomarginals abutting over midline with fourth superomarginal sometimes with side of plate in contact with paired superomarginal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25EC0FA298795FA60" box="[679,750,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D,E). Superomarginals strongly convex, especially distally.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF95FFF25CF0FA728591FA45" box="[151,234,1508,1533]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Central" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
surface smooth and bare with periphery composed of coarse granules, 24–30 similar to those on abactinal surface. In North Pacific individuals, granular covering is more reduced and continuous with abactinal granulation, resulting in an essentially bare superomarginal plate surface(
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25F00F9BA86D6F9FC" box="[871,941,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Inferomarginals also mostly with bare surface, peripheral granules, 40–60, form distinct boundary around each plate. Granular abundance and extent is variable. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C225880DFF95FFF25D22F9E3840EF935" box="[325,373,1653,1677]" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF95FFF25DE4F9E28778F935" box="[387,515,1652,1677]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF95FFF25DE4F9E284BFF934" box="[387,452,1652,1676]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rica
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
), granules present on central surface of inferomarginals interradially but becoming bare on distal marginal plates. On the North Pacific specimen granules absent on distalmost marginal plate surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25CF8F92A859FF96C" box="[159,228,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E) Each superomarginal wide (W>L) especially interradially at R=3.1 and especially distally adjacent to armtip. Some individuals with more elongate (L>W) to quadrate superomarginals interradially at comparable sizes (R=3.1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF95FFF25D63F8928435F8A4" box="[260,334,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="127">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Smaller individual with more distal superomarginals becoming more quadrate in outline. Superomarginals flat to rounded in cross-section especially distally on arm. Inferomarginals slightly offset from superomarginals forming extended shelf below superomarginal series. Contact with superomarginals interradially with granules obscuring boundary between the two plate series. No pedicellariae on marginal plate surfaces. Terminal plates with smooth surface, triangular in shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="49E16627FF94FFF35CF0F8ED8647F855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" targetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF94FFF35CF0F8ED8647F855" blockId="27.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF35CF0F8ED848FF829" bold="true" box="[151,500,1915,1937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">
|
||
FIGURE 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF94FFF35D7DF8ED848FF829" box="[282,500,1915,1937]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="128" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ernesti">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF35D7DF8ED848FF829" bold="true" box="[282,500,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">Pillsburiaster ernesti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar=5.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF35F96F8ED8171F829" bold="true" box="[1009,1034,1915,1937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF3581DF8ED81EAF829" bold="true" box="[1146,1169,1915,1937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF35DE1F80C84C1F808" bold="true" box="[390,442,1946,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">C. A</emphasis>
|
||
ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF3597FF80C804AF808" bold="true" box="[1304,1329,1946,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF35EB3F82F8797F877" bold="true" box="[724,748,1977,1999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal-lateral view arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF94FFF3586BF82F8166F877" bold="true" box="[1036,1053,1977,1999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="128">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF93FFF45CA0FF0180FBFEA5" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Actinal surface composed of quadrate to polygonal plates arranged in two to three chevron-shaped series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF93FFF45908FF0185DDFF6C" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Each plate covered with three to 15 coarse, round or quadrate granules, approximately two or three along a 1.0 mm line (at R=3.6), three or four along a 1.0 mm line (at R=2.8). Granules on smaller specimen much more widely spaced apart. One or two paddle-shaped pedicellariae present on about 10% of plates in North Pacific specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF93FFF45CA0FEB184F4FD85" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Adambulacral plates rectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF93FFF45E2FFEB187F6FEF8" box="[584,653,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Furrow spines, blunt tipped, four to six. Neolectotype (at R=3.1) with thickened spines, nearly quadrate in cross-section. USNM 1407954 at R=2.8, spines also blunt and slender. Subambulacral spines two to six (two to three in North Pacific specimens) blunt, thickened (similar to furrow), round to quadrate in cross-section but not in any particular order. A single tong-like pedicellariae present on each adambulacral behind/adjacent to the subambulacral spines. North Pacific individual with pedicellariae absent, but subambulacrals otherwise identical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF93FFF45E58FE4A87FCFE4C" box="[575,647,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Oral plate furrow spines 12–13, blunt tipped, quadrate in cross section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF93FFF45C91FE698440FDA0" box="[246,315,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[200,1370,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pillsburiaster ernesti USNM 34429 Neolectotype. Scale Bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal B. Close up of abactinal and superomarginal plates. C. A ctinal surface showing granulation and adambulacral accessories. USNM 1407954 D. Abactinal surface of newly collected specimen from North Pacific. E. Abactinal-lateral view arm. F. Close up of actinal surface in the oral region showing furrow spination, actinal granulation and tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257295/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F). Spinelets, five to seven (mostly six) on each paired half of oral plate. Oral plate surface with three to five spinelets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF93FFF45CA0FDD18495FDD8" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,494,583,608]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Color in life: deep orange.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55846524FF93FFF45CA0FDFA8762FCE4" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF93FFF45CA0FDFA8762FCE4" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF93FFF45CA0FDFA858AFD1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556572" collectionCode="USNM" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2149" location="Material" longitude="-85.174995" municipality="Cocos Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" specimenCode="USNM 34429" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF93FFF45CA0FDFA8723FD3D" bold="true" box="[199,600,620,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<location id="18416074FF93FFF45CA0FDFA8454FD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4:18416074FF93FFF45CA0FDFA8454FD3D" box="[199,303,620,645]" country="Costa Rica" longitude="-85.174995" municipality="Cocos Island" name="Material" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Material</location>
|
||
examined. Neolectotype
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="4D389ED4FF93FFF45E0DFDFA8675FD3C" box="[618,782,620,644]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B8FAE6AFF93FFF45E0DFDFA87C0FD3C" box="[618,699,620,644]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
34429
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FD45ACD5FF93FFF45F7AFDFA86CEFD3D" box="[797,949,620,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Cocos Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF93FFF45FA3FDFA813EFD3D" box="[964,1093,620,645]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 5º56’ 00W N,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF93FFF45967FDFA80E2FD3C" box="[1280,1433,620,645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" precision="15" value="-85.174995">85º10’ 30”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF93FFF45CF0FD06858AFD1F" box="[151,241,656,680]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.149" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="2149.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF93FFF45CF0FD06858AFD1F" box="[151,241,656,680]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.149" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="2149.0">2149 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Col. USFCS Albatross, 1 wet spec. R=3.1, r=1.6;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF93FFF45F5CFD0680E3FD75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556589" collectingDate="2013-02" collectionCode="SIO" collectorName="Coll. R." country="Mexico" elevation="2077" latitude="31.3" location="Pta Banda" longLatPrecision="1216" longitude="-117.61667" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B8FAE6AFF93FFF45F5CFD068613FD10" box="[827,872,656,680]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">SIO</collectionCode>
|
||
E 1613, W. of
|
||
<location id="18416074FF93FFF4587CFD0681E9FD10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF95FFF45CF0FF018762FCE4:18416074FF93FFF4587CFD0681E9FD10" box="[1051,1170,655,680]" country="Mexico" latitude="31.3" longLatPrecision="1216" longitude="-117.61667" name="Pta Banda" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" stateProvince="Baja California">Pta Banda</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF93FFF458F8FD198037FD10" box="[1183,1356,655,680]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF93FFF458BCFD198037FD10" box="[1243,1356,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
Norte,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF93FFF45CF0FD22858BFD75" box="[151,240,692,717]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF93FFF45C9AFD228426FD74" box="[253,349,692,716]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" precision="925" value="31.3">31º18’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF93FFF45D0CFD2284A6FD74" box="[363,477,692,716]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" precision="925" value="-117.61667">117º37’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF93FFF45D8CFD2287F1FD74" box="[491,650,692,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.077" metricValueMax="2.086" metricValueMin="2.068" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="2077.0" valueMax="2086.0" valueMin="2068.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF93FFF45D8CFD2287F1FD74" box="[491,650,692,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.077" metricValueMax="2.086" metricValueMin="2.068" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="2077.0" valueMax="2086.0" valueMin="2068.0">2068–2086 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF93FFF45EFFFD228788FD74" box="[664,755,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Coll. R.</collectorName>
|
||
Parker,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7964E987FF93FFF45F33FD2286DCFD75" box="[852,935,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" value="2013-02">
|
||
<date id="6920106FFF93FFF45F33FD2286DCFD75" box="[852,935,692,717]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" value="2013-02">13 Feb</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 1960, SOB-II-5. 1 wet spec. R=3.6, r=1.5
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; USNM 1407953 D81-A11. President Jackson Seamount B. 42° 50' 3.9 N, 128° 9' 43.5 W,
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF93FFF458C1FD4E806EFD57" box="[1190,1301,728,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8817" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="1881.7">1881.7 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. Dave Clague et al, MBARI-ROV
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF93FFF45D85FD6B870EFCAD" box="[482,629,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Doc Ricketts</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="6920106FFF93FFF45E18FD6A8664FCAC" box="[639,799,764,788]" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" value="2009-09-04">Sept. 4, 2009</date>
|
||
, 1 wet spec. R=2.5, r=1.0. USNM 1407954. President Jackson Seamount C. 42° 44' 51.2, 128° 5' 30.4,
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF93FFF45ED9FC898650FC8F" box="[702,811,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4165" pageId="28" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="1416.5">1416.5 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. Dave Clague et al, D82-A17, MBARI-ROV
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF93FFF4590AFCB7858CFCE5" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="129">Doc Ricketts.</emphasis>
|
||
1 wet spec. R=2.8, r=1.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |