300 lines
39 KiB
XML
300 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="0476E04A7CA0E07849EEFDAC3D4F934B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7cbc23a-7a4c-4616-83fd-059fb458f7b6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257286" ID-ZooBank="B264C215-000D-42C5-8AC9-B801872CD182" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476339245459" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2016" docId="953787B9FF92FFF75CF0FEA18753FE4D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sibogaster digitatus Doderlein 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="690EFFC1FF8FFFE85C67FF96857BFFB8" masterDocTitle="Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1698389676701" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9F2981A64A38BFD0CDEF01EF6DDE10FA">Deep-sea (> 1000 m) Goniasteridae (Valvatida; Asteroidea) from the North Pacific, including an overview of Sibogaster, Bathyceramaster n. gen. and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C3D4790212B783374FEA737FA4DB9A31" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="98D0D4D328659A6D174F2C47FA645191">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="569E54F063B00D882F21E6DD0762A95E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9C4ECF55B00AE20AEACDF7C42A28885D">
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<mods:date id="0A5D5FD99661D20D6572A57C183BD33E">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A189DE44AB145BC32539E9815DF35948">4175</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="02BD9E003760D943AC30EC23954D0A5E">2</mods:number>
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<treatment id="953787B9FF92FFF75CF0FEA18753FE4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055260" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF92FFF75CF0FEA18753FE4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/953787B9FF92FFF75CF0FEA18753FE4D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF92FFF55CF0FEA1844DFECB" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CF0FEA18729FEEA" blockId="29.[151,594,311,371]" box="[151,594,311,338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="466981C3FF92FFF55CF0FEA18729FEEA" bold="true" box="[151,594,311,338]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55CF0FEA18729FEEA" ID-CoL="6YLDL" authority="Doderlein, 1924" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,594,311,338]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="digitatus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55CF0FEA18729FEEA" bold="true" box="[151,594,311,338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55CF0FEA184FEFEE9" bold="true" box="[151,389,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Sibogaster digitatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55DEBFEAE8729FEEA" author="Doderlein" box="[396,594,312,338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Doderlein, L. (1924) Die Asteriden der Siboga-Exped. II. Pentagonasteridae. Siboga-Expedition, 46 (2), 49 - 69, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1924">Döderlein, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CF0FECC844DFECB" blockId="29.[151,594,311,371]" box="[151,310,346,371]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55CF0FECC847AFECB" box="[151,257,346,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Figure 10</figureCitation>
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A–E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF92FFF55CF0FE3487E7FE4E" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CF0FE3487E7FE4E" blockId="29.[151,801,418,502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55CF0FE348444FE00" author="Doderlein" box="[151,319,418,440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Doderlein, L. (1924) Die Asteriden der Siboga-Exped. II. Pentagonasteridae. Siboga-Expedition, 46 (2), 49 - 69, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1924">Döderlein, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 63;
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55D08FE35875DFE00" author="Clark" box="[367,550,418,440]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 283 (as
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55EE7FE348797FE00" box="[640,748,418,440]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55EE7FE348797FE00" box="[640,748,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Sibogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55CF0FE548463FE6F" author="Macan" box="[151,280,449,471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports. Vo l. IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 383 (as
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55D15FE548703FE6F" box="[370,632,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55D15FE548495FE6F" box="[370,494,450,471]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Eugoniaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Eugoniaster</taxonomicName>
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ephemeralis-
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55E1FFE57865AFE6F" bold="true" box="[632,801,449,471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">new synonymy)</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55CF0FE768433FE4E" author="Clark" box="[151,328,480,502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 277 (as
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55DC6FE7687EFFE4E" box="[417,660,480,502]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ephemeralis">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55DC6FE7687EFFE4E" box="[417,660,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Plinthaster ephemeralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55846524FF92FFF55CF0FDB48133FB8A" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CF0FDB4810CFDE7" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55CF0FDB48464FD83" bold="true" box="[151,287,546,571]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Comments.</emphasis>
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The two additional records described below from the Philippines and Solomon Islands are the first two records of this species since its original description by
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55E9BFDD086C5FDE7" author="Doderlein" box="[764,958,582,607]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Doderlein, L. (1924) Die Asteriden der Siboga-Exped. II. Pentagonasteridae. Siboga-Expedition, 46 (2), 49 - 69, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1924">Döderlein (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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from Indonesia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CA0FDFC86BBFCC7" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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Comparison of this species with
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55E50FDFA869FFD3B" authority="Macan 1938" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[567,996,618,643]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Eugoniaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ephemeralis">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55E50FDFA862AFD3B" box="[567,849,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Eugoniaster ephemeralis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55F3FFDFD869FFD3B" author="Macan" box="[856,996,619,643]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports. Vo l. IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from original description suggests that it should be included in
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55DC1FD188765FD1F" box="[422,542,654,679]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55DC1FD188765FD1F" box="[422,542,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Sibogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55E83FD198619FD1F" box="[740,866,654,679]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="digitatus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55E83FD198619FD1F" box="[740,866,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">S. digitatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and not
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<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF92FFF55FA3FD18813AFD1F" box="[964,1089,654,679]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Plinthaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55FA3FD18813AFD1F" box="[964,1089,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Plinthaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as implied by
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55881FD1880E3FD1F" author="Halpern" box="[1254,1432,654,679]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 a) Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 193 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970" yearSuffix="a">Halpern (1970a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="790F4B5EFF92FFF55CF0FD2485D3FD73" author="Halpern" box="[151,168,690,715]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" refString="Halpern, J. A. (1970 b) A monographic revision of the goniasterid sea stars of the North Atlantic. 253 pp. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Miami. [Abstract in Dissertation bstracts International 31 B, 5713 (1971)]" type="book" year="1970" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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). This is based on the smooth, flat abactinal plates with “minute bosses”(interpreted elsewhere as the glassy tubercles), arrangement and shape of abactinal plates, the comparably elongate superomarginals (L>W), the mostly bare marginal plate surface showing only a few, widely spaced granules (
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<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55F9EFD6C8135FCAB" box="[1017,1102,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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C), the consistent number of furrow spines (nine) and the overall similarity in body shape. The number of superomarginals per interradius is fewer than what has been documented below (22 per interradius at R=5.0 cm) versus 36–42 at R=
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<quantity id="DA669B4AFF92FFF55896FCD580E3FCE2" box="[1265,1432,834,859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="9.85" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="9.1">9.1 to 10.6 cm</quantity>
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, but this could be attributed to the difference in size between individuals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CA0FC1C8581FBB7" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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||
Smaller individual of a goniasterid which were identified as this species (R=3.2–3.3, CASIZ 186295) have been collected from the
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<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF92FFF55DC2FC388758FC7F" box="[421,547,942,967]" name="Philippines" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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at
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||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF92FFF55E22FC388798FC7E" box="[581,739,942,967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2285" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="2.107" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="2228.5" valueMax="2350.0" valueMin="2107.0">2107–2350 m</quantity>
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||
. These showed a more stellate body form (R/r=2.3 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF92FFF5592FFC3985D6FC53" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 in</quantity>
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||
larger individuals) with more elongate arms and display inset crystalline bosses on abactinal and actinal plate surfaces.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CA0FB8C8133FB8A" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" box="[199,1096,1050,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF92FFF55CA0FB8C8133FB8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556580" box="[199,1096,1050,1075]" collectorName="Solomon Islands, S." country="Philippines" elevation="841" location="Solomon Islands" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55CA0FB8C8422FB8B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1050,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF92FFF55D07FB8C849AFB8B" box="[352,481,1050,1075]" name="Philippines" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF92FFF55D8BFB8C87AEFB8B" box="[492,725,1050,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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<location id="18416074FF92FFF55D8BFB8C87CAFB8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF92FFF75CF0FEA18753FE4D:18416074FF92FFF55D8BFB8C87CAFB8B" box="[492,689,1050,1075]" country="Philippines" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
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||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55D8BFB8C87CAFB8B" bold="true" box="[492,689,1050,1075]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Solomon Islands</emphasis>
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||
</location>
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||
, S.
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||
</collectorName>
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||
of
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||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF92FFF55E9CFB8C863FFB8B" box="[763,836,1050,1075]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Flores</collectingCountry>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF92FFF55F28FB8C86BBFB8B" box="[847,960,1050,1075]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF92FFF55FADFB8C8133FB8A" box="[970,1096,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.405" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.209999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="840.5" valueMax="960.0" valueMin="721.0">
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||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF92FFF55FADFB8C8133FB8A" box="[970,1096,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.405" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="7.209999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="840.5" valueMax="960.0" valueMin="721.0">721–960 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55846524FF92FFF75CA0FBA88775FEA5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CA0FBA8805BFBEF" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" box="[199,1312,1086,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF92FFF55CA0FBA88422FBEF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1086,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Disk broad, arms triangular (R:r=1.75–1.86). Interradial arcs broad, linear (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF558CCFBA88187FBEF" box="[1195,1276,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CF0FBF4805DFA23" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Abactinal disk plates round to polygonal, closely abutting becoming more irregular and forming a closer pavement on arms. Plate outlines becoming more irregular and smaller, distally adjacent to superomarginal plates. Abactinal plates with no granules (a plate separate from surface) on center of plate, surface are bare with no granules or spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55C8BFB588444FB5F" box="[236,319,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). However, small crystalline (i.e., translucent) bosses, 30–50 are embedded on the surface of each plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55CBAFB648454FAB3" box="[221,303,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Each abactinal disk plate with large, quadrate peripheral granules 20–50 forming a distinct border proximally, sometimes flush with plate surface. Peripheral granules become smaller and more inconspicuous distally on abactinal arm plates. Small bosses also absent on distal abactinal arm plates. Papulae, three to six, are large and present on disk, at each “corner” of plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55EB8FAC8864AFACF" box="[735,817,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Papulae absent distally on arms and interradially on disk. Paddle-like pedicellariae, one per plate present primarily on disk, each about
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF92FFF5583FFA1481CEFA23" box="[1112,1205,1410,1435]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75mm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF55CA0FA3087B2F8F3" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Marginal plate, 36–42 from armtip to armtip for each series. Superomarginals and inferomarginals mostly bare except for coarse widely spaced deciduous granules which are absent from arm plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF558A5FA5C8060FA5B" box="[1218,1307,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C,D). Both superomarginal and inferomarginals with weakly concave to flattened central region. Granules on superomarginal surface vary from none to approximately 20. Granules on inferomarginals more numerous, ranging up to 30 interradially but absent on arms. Superomarginals elongate (L>W) and interradially becoming relatively wider (W>L) and more angular in cross-section distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55EB1F9CC8652F9CB" box="[726,809,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Where granules absent in examined specimen, only concavities on marginal plate surface.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF92FFF55E31F9E887D2F92F" box="[598,681,1662,1687]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Central" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
granules densest proximally fading out distally becoming absent near terminus. Slight superomarginal/inferomarginal plate offset-primarily distally. Quadrate to rounded granules, ~60–100 surrounding each plate with approximately 15–25 per side. No fasciolar grooves. Superomarginals abutted over midline on three to five distalmost plates, penultimate superomarginals enlarged to twice the size as other superomarginals on arm. One arm with irregular plate arrangement, creating maze of abactinal/marginal plates. Terminal plate triangular, lacking granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF92FFF65CA0F8C0813AFF6D" blockId="29.[151,1437,546,2011]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Actinal intermediate regions large, with plates in four to six series adjacent to adambulacrals in chevron arrangement with other plates irregularly positioned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF92FFF55E8CF8EC8647F82B" box="[747,828,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="130">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Each plate polygonal to irregular in shape, covered by 50–125 coarse, hemispherical granules. Plates largest proximally becoming smaller, more numerous and more irregular adjacent to inferomarginals. Fasciolar grooves absent. Pedicellariae not common but present in one of five interradii. Inferomarginals form straight line contact with actinal plates. Adambulacral plates rectangular forming discrete dark contact lines adjacent to one another becoming more elongate distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="49E16627FF91FFF65CF0F89081B8F8E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF91FFF65CF0F89081B8F8E1" blockId="30.[151,1437,1798,1881]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF91FFF65CF0F8908489F8A4" bold="true" box="[151,498,1798,1820]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">
|
||
FIGURE 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA9E4D2CFF91FFF65D4EF8908489F8A4" box="[297,498,1798,1820]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Sibogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="30" pageNumber="131" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="digitalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF91FFF65D4EF8908489F8A4" bold="true" box="[297,498,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Sibogaster digitalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
CASIZ 186315. Scale bar= 5.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF91FFF65F1DF89086E9F8A4" bold="true" box="[890,914,1798,1820]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF91FFF6583AF890810FF8A4" bold="true" box="[1117,1140,1798,1820]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF91FFF65DBBF8B3848EF883" bold="true" box="[476,501,1829,1851]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail.
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF91FFF65CF0F8D585D5F8E1" bold="true" box="[151,174,1859,1881]" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF91FFF75CA0F8118708FF40" blockId="30.[151,1437,1926,2023]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Furrow spines eight to ten, quadrate to triangular in cross section, angular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="85A52A2AFF91FFF65875F810811FF827" box="[1042,1124,1926,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[164,1428,277,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,265,1777]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 10. Sibogaster digitalis CASIZ 186315. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal plates showing tubercles and papulae. C. Abactinal-lateral view showing marginal plates. D. Marginal plates closeup showing detail. E. Actinal surface. F. Close up of actinal surface showing adambulacral spination and actinal accessories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257296/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="131">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Discrete space separates spines from 3–5 short subambulacrals and 1–3 pedicellariae often in same series. Furrow spines tallest. Subambulacrals approximately 50% shorter than furrow intergrading to dense aggregate of granules identical to those of actinal plates. Oral plate furrow spines 12–15. Subambulacrals identical to those on adambulacrals 7–10 similar/adjacent to bivalve or trivalve pedicellariae. One to two spines projecting into mouth. Granules 10–16 flanking each gap produced by oral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF90FFF75CA0FE928775FEA5" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,526,260,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Color in life is bright orange.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55846524FF90FFF75CA0FEB18753FE4D" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1D2136AFFF90FFF75CA0FEB18753FE4D" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF90FFF75CA0FEB181FAFEF8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556574" box="[199,1153,295,320]" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="China" location="Verde Island" municipality="Verde Island Passage" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" specimenCode="CASIZ 186315" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF90FFF75CA0FEB184C1FEF8" bold="true" box="[199,442,295,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="4D389ED4FF90FFF75DACFEBE87F8FEF8" box="[459,643,295,320]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B8FAE6AFF90FFF75DACFEBE8767FEF8" box="[459,540,296,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
186315
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FD45ACD5FF90FFF75EFFFEB186E0FEF8" box="[664,923,295,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<location id="18416074FF90FFF75EFFFEB18655FEF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:953787B9FF92FFF75CF0FEA18753FE4D:18416074FF90FFF75EFFFEB18655FEF8" box="[664,814,295,320]" country="China" municipality="Verde Island Passage" name="Verde Island" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Verde Island</location>
|
||
Passage
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF90FFF75865FEB1813EFEF8" box="[1026,1093,295,320]" name="China" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF90FFF758F1FEB1844FFE30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556587" collectorName="Coll. Mooi & Sciences." country="Philippines" elevation="741" location="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF90FFF758F1FEB18063FEF8" box="[1174,1304,295,320]" name="Philippines" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 13.59767, 120.649667; 13.588167, 120.61533,
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF90FFF75E5BFEDA87C4FEDC" box="[572,703,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" metricValueMax="7.609999999999999" metricValueMin="7.209999999999999" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="741.0" valueMax="761.0" valueMin="721.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF90FFF75E5BFEDA87C4FEDC" box="[572,703,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.409999999999999" metricValueMax="7.609999999999999" metricValueMin="7.209999999999999" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="741.0" valueMax="761.0" valueMin="721.0">721–761 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF75EAAFEDA8631FEDD" box="[717,842,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Coll. Mooi</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF90FFF75F33FEDB86F5FEDD" box="[852,910,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DF5AF84DFF90FFF75FF0FEDA8172FEDD" box="[919,1033,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Academy of
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF758CFFEDA806AFEDD" box="[1192,1297,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Sciences.</collectorName>
|
||
1 wet spec. R=10.6 r=5.7
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF90FFF75D30FEE68166FE30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556571" box="[343,1053,367,392]" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Simo Banks, NW" country="Iceland" location="Island" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" specimenCode="CASIZ 186295" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="4D389ED4FF90FFF75D30FEE68776FE30" box="[343,525,367,392]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B8FAE6AFF90FFF75D30FEE684D3FE30" box="[343,424,368,392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
186295
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, W of
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF75E0AFEF9863BFE3F" box="[621,832,367,392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Simo Banks, NW</collectorName>
|
||
of Lubang
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF90FFF75FB1FEF98166FE30" box="[982,1053,367,392]" name="Iceland" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF90FFF75857FEF981A6FE14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556579" collectorName="Coll. R." country="Philippines" elevation="2229" latitude="14.116667" location="Philippines" longLatPrecision="1070" longitude="119.97" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF90FFF75857FEF981CAFE30" box="[1072,1201,367,392]" name="Philippines" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF90FFF758A4FEE6805AFE30" box="[1219,1313,368,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" precision="925" value="14.116667">14º07’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF90FFF75948FEE680E3FE30" box="[1327,1432,368,392]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" precision="555" value="119.97">119.97ºE</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF90FFF75CF0FE02844DFE14" box="[151,310,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2285" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="2.107" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="2228.5" valueMax="2350.0" valueMin="2107.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF90FFF75CF0FE02844DFE14" box="[151,310,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2285" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="2.107" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="2228.5" valueMax="2350.0" valueMin="2107.0">2107–2350 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF75D25FE0284E0FE14" box="[322,411,404,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Coll. R.</collectorName>
|
||
Mooi,
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF90FFF75D89FE03875CFE15" box="[494,551,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
aboard MV-DA-BF. 2 wet specs. R=3.2, r=0.5; R=3.3, r=1.4
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="ADF63CF2FF90FFF7588DFE028753FE4D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316556586" collectingDate="1927-10-02" collectionCode="IE-" collectorName="Coll. Bouchet & Waren & Samedi & O Alis" country="Solomon Islands" elevation="836" latitude="-7.9666667" location="Solomon Islands" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="157.56667" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" specimenCode="IE-2013-12582" specimenCount="836">
|
||
<specimenCode id="4D389ED4FF90FFF7588DFE0280E3FE15" box="[1258,1432,404,429]" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B8FAE6AFF90FFF7588DFE028074FE15" box="[1258,1295,404,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">IE-</collectionCode>
|
||
2013-12582
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6589763FFF90FFF75CF0FE218428FE68" box="[151,339,439,464]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF90FFF75D3CFE2184D2FE68" box="[347,425,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" precision="925" value="-7.9666667">7º58’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="78AA5068FF90FFF75DD2FE21875BFE68" box="[437,544,439,464]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" precision="925" value="157.56667">157º34’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="0B98FD26FF90FFF75E4BFE218707FE77" box="[556,636,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" type="generic">
|
||
<elevation id="96B3D19CFF90FFF75E4BFE21870CFE77" box="[556,631,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.36" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="836.0">
|
||
<quantity id="DA669B4AFF90FFF75E4BFE21870CFE77" box="[556,631,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.36" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="836.0">836 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF75EE4FE218659FE68" box="[643,802,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Coll. Bouchet</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF75F49FE2E860DFE77" box="[814,886,440,463]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Waren</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF75FC9FE218179FE68" box="[942,1026,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Samedi</collectorName>
|
||
aboard N/
|
||
<collectorName id="B06B5379FF90FFF7581CFE2E81B8FE68" box="[1147,1219,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">
|
||
O
|
||
<emphasis id="2FEAEABDFF90FFF758F2FE2181B8FE68" box="[1173,1219,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="132">Alis</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, SALOMON-
|
||
<collectingDate id="7964E987FF90FFF7590FFE2E85BBFE4C" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" value="1927-10-02">
|
||
<date id="6920106FFF90FFF7590FFE2E85BBFE4C" pageId="31" pageNumber="132" value="1927-10-02">2. 27 Oct</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
2004. 1 wet spec. R=9.1, r=5.2.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |