194 lines
16 KiB
XML
194 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="F3E1B424374FC7B2FC7ADC8949CE7095" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757" ID-ZooBank="6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" ID-publisher-id="123757" URI-arpha="E0E2E4CE-0D0E-533C-9BD4-A1327BB57504" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1716923959232" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jordal, Bjarte H." docDate="2024" docId="84D97D215B46579AB80C5D193A9A5DC9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1203: 95-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1203" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Ctonoxylon quadrispinum Jordal 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="E0E2E4CE0D0E533C9BD4A1327BB57504" masterDocTitle="An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1716924051971" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="79D95B9F6B4773444CF365A417F9C587">
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<mods:title id="5935BCA38093EFCA803C9A40EC23F1FC">An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="26AB2F655BD92486CAF7AC783A9912A0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="65689FE2850DCB9A735F8025D7F62D6C">Jordal, Bjarte H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8C6778BBD032EB2B98B720BCDDCA195" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6082-443X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF8BDDD84B44FBBF3D97264F545C3AD5">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="597EA59FBC30BE45A97A07286C798DB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9C96D2176FB78D275A246A6D03F3349E">
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<mods:title id="86A587F3F07BCBB9D2F53F6891921A80">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8466F181644E9EA2BFFFD319C3447FB5">
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<mods:date id="A1A209B73BD73A963C1D8E208208EC9A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1C3B2CBF6F7787A76AE775467140E909" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="2C8C12E9BC73D26BAD911AE793F92702">2024-05-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F0074200B10BDACADD12613F636E8719" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3FDE29A67C6F2AE4C809AA666165D65A">1203</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="D0F851945CE0BCB7BA3028FD2A42C557" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="B58B3AE2D3565988026EA2CBEBE10091">95</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3C0FD7B47988CA3143C31CC8EF9F826F">130</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="326DC6FC743DE3D3DCA8966397212F6E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C7A0D41F011BB893D7A52FFAC4B48D4E" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A11F94B28C81B85DA723D6CB2965EE57" type="ZooBank">6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="84D97D215B46579AB80C5D193A9A5DC9" ID-arpha="84D97D21-5B46-579A-B80C-5D193A9A5DC9" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/7345B8EE-8158-414F-860F-3A7F5DE6B9CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:84D97D215B46579AB80C5D193A9A5DC9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7345B8EE-8158-414F-860F-3A7F5DE6B9CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/84D97D215B46579AB80C5D193A9A5DC9">
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<subSubSection id="012849870BC060337FFB2AAFBA333961" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="16FA329566B118AB604DDA82C0B5CFD3">
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<taxonomicName id="80A5C9A99DAB3890AA5B3B76ED810629" authority="Jordal, 2024" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C6C267764ED40804D538F1C5C56BCD68" italics="true">Ctonoxylon quadrispinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A741D47396B10AE6D224932195B6A9A3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1CD813A5A108FCA495EBF1DE3254879A" type="description">
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<paragraph id="83448D33F28AC5226DFBBB21D63E5082">
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<figureCitation id="7DD92D91BEE2592B5FC9700F8DF69A29" captionStart="Figures 66–74" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66–74. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 66, 69, 72 Ctonoxylon quadrispinum female holotype 67, 70, 73 Ctonoxylon methneri male, and 68, 71, 74 Ctonoxylon atrum female holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227">Figs 66</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8A759EF005D4A898487B6E60F89997A4" captionStart="Figures 66–74" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66–74. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 66, 69, 72 Ctonoxylon quadrispinum female holotype 67, 70, 73 Ctonoxylon methneri male, and 68, 71, 74 Ctonoxylon atrum female holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227">69</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="80062E1E2E630D5F8D010DB5604F4ED9" captionStart="Figures 66–74" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66–74. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 66, 69, 72 Ctonoxylon quadrispinum female holotype 67, 70, 73 Ctonoxylon methneri male, and 68, 71, 74 Ctonoxylon atrum female holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227">72</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ESICI" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="D8AB3D7CD4073AA4806ACBC516648801">
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<heading id="F99D014AE46E4CFE4773414077B2A96D" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14C94CABD206C7A2437CCE978A27CCBF">
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<materialsCitation id="5CCC14CE30A6CE31C827AF8CD65340AB" collectingDate="2015-05-08" collectionCode="ZMUB" collectorName="Ankarafantsika NP & B. Jordal" country="Madagascar" elevation="200" latitude="-16.264" location="Madagascar" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="46.828" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B97714DC74B44F18AC9F675DE7FCF3F6" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="DE566F4115AEAD0772BA9F510F6E0628" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, female:
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<collectingCountry id="F77232E3FB9A5B6EE1CAA748CF1796A6" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectorName id="1187A6DFDE7BA58EC4D4506A6D7163F9">Ankarafantsika NP</collectorName>
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[GIS:
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<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EAJCI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[46.828000,-16.264000]}">
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<geoCoordinate id="B72F689017BD121507F43EA4C953A4BA" degrees="16.264" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-16.264">- 16.264</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D6FCAB94119EA71411286211533A3696" degrees="46.828" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.828">46.828</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
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],
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<quantity id="CD072E270B3C08587AB3BEBBF5F9A7CA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">
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<elevation id="237EB058E1E51AA8594393966A385BB1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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alt.,
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<date id="9A09A14EDA005D7C1B81CF2F81E85A19" value="2015-05-08">
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<collectingDate id="B85CE200A88CC3FD404DB0ED2A5A3838" value="2015-05-08">8. 5. 2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, ex liana,
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<collectorName id="A29A67803A73AC92A40E6C9B40B78243">B. Jordal</collectorName>
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, leg. [
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<named-content id="F4E0232D6C5B95CBAF64EC0E690A4FDE" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
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<collectionCode id="55CC180656C80DFCD3E3072E42B8697E" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="FD6D0E6EE5A92E41C4D219EA25CEB946" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="79D5BC30D7ADC4DBBC6420BCF6D28C56" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: same data as
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<typeStatus id="89B08661C0CB88B99A968CFDAF865256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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[
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<named-content id="7CD00BA618829DC7B8C0C1454B33DB1A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">
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<collectionCode id="D1D9B0804D5C7FBFE90EA119C71F5271" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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,
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<named-content id="25F43D459621121C4DAC1FFA9F486850" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
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<collectionCode id="3FB3DFBC448FC780EE4FF992371DE2A5" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EXJCI" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="162F55BAE2BEF30181473159C73E42C1">
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<heading id="B636F41DB5AE0A02635646A6722D8F44" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B98FC900EFE326A26C30500FD743387F">Anterior teeth on the pronotum quadrifid; lateral anterior margin of prothorax with elongated groove; propleural pit present; scutellar shield detached; elytral suture strongly curved just behind scutellar shield, a little buckled further behind.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0E3JCI" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DAD7C84BD79DB386BC657FD96ED82D75">
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<heading id="72265678C26195B2A36B506F0CAAAD64" reason="title">Description.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2357EBF876B239F6253BFD472F1F7B5F">
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<emphasis id="5708A8F37185D25B7CC9468B901D4EA7" bold="true">Female.</emphasis>
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Body length 2.6–3.0 mm, 2.1 × as long as broad; immature colour pale brown.
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<emphasis id="86219464917F8B0DA3D0BC57CBFC3699" bold="true" italics="true">Frons</emphasis>
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convex, surface reticulate, vestiture consisting of sparse, short setae. Eyes divided, each part separated by 2 / 3 the size of upper half. Antennal funiculus 7 - segmented; club with two asymmetrically and strongly procurved sutures, suture one more distinctly marked, with a dark partial septum along its front margin.
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<emphasis id="968C4C77FD92746741D28ADD37C48281" bold="true" italics="true">Pronotum</emphasis>
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broadly asperate on anterior two-thirds, anterior margin with pair of two bifid raised teeth (quadrifid). Anterior lateral margin of prothorax with pointed eye scraper at level of eyes, a deep groove from this point to coxa; a transverse propleural groove located between coxa and lateral costa on pronotum.
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<emphasis id="5C5223571953AE81307AEC7C0F90E033" bold="true" italics="true">Scutellar shield</emphasis>
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detached from elytra.
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<emphasis id="26FCB6D70CCD8262FC3AFB1660DA894B" bold="true" italics="true">Elytral</emphasis>
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suture strongly curved immediately behind scutellar shield and slightly buckled at midlength; striae strongly impressed, punctures round, large and deep, spaced by their diameter or less; interstriae raised, vestiture consisting of irregular and partly confused rows of short scale-like setae, with ground vestiture consisting of shorter setae of the same
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<typeStatus id="28E58633277073BE497BB59C29EB9A29">type</typeStatus>
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and density; apex slightly emarginated.
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<emphasis id="C6F8BE5DAAFA42B31D6899207B7F9285" bold="true" italics="true">Metanepisternum</emphasis>
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and metaventrite with scant simple setae; last abdominal ventrite with small concavity.
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<emphasis id="A74ADE85B44F8A7CF534384D3EFDCD5F" bold="true" italics="true">Protibiae</emphasis>
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on anterior face with groove for reception of tarsus as deep as width of tibia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F0F88B4B4C8A3528D87C09A3825B3B0">
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<emphasis id="06653771EAD01FAD894B7EA876FCC58D" bold="true">Male</emphasis>
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nearly identical to female, except frons impunctate and glabrous in a narrow band from epistoma to upper level of eyes, front teeth along the pronotal margin very slightly behind the position in females, and last abdominal ventrite flat.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C8AC69A00F5D13F698828B996AF73CA7" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" ID-arpha="7E38936D-8B9B-5F66-9236-220AF091F68D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="7976007732DAE437A4AE42A008FA49D7">
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<label id="1221B55FB6E9BCD08C364E17DA4CE069">Figures 66–74.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF983E79392FA38CFAE54026CCEF45F8">
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Dorsal, lateral, and front views of
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<emphasis id="BD449791474E3624BEA3B15AD081DD93" bold="true">66, 69, 72</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="234293894D908D6B094475C086CCC0EA" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinum">
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<emphasis id="EFB64262420C5BA7A57CF427F62372EF" italics="true">Ctonoxylon quadrispinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female holotype
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<emphasis id="F9388B5A3A374CAC023C0665FAC1C125" bold="true">67, 70, 73</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E49D7FB4D2FD1A42FBB9D2468BF30203" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="methneri">
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<emphasis id="3759C9164759D35C108E4E53D46B8045" italics="true">Ctonoxylon methneri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male, and
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<emphasis id="466A2B4A8DDB27E77DA8A0C11EB57F21" bold="true">68, 71, 74</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3FF56619E138CBB5BBBEDB435C55E646" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrum">
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<emphasis id="23E331079BD273B95A2B0C2D83CCF354" italics="true">Ctonoxylon atrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ETMCI" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7DE1438E324C48496EC23540390EEA54">
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<heading id="4DFEAE647BA857C2538E37FC966B69C1" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5547B3139FD3EC0DB0FB392EDF3D63EA">
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Composed by the Latin prefix
|
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<emphasis id="3C35C037FEAA6A4C43F95A443F3A70A0" italics="true">quadri</emphasis>
|
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- meaning four, and the Latin adjective
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<emphasis id="5B1785E789E4D0D0E37579B2A160B1C7" italics="true">spinum</emphasis>
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in its neuter form derived from
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<emphasis id="84A3FF4B98C4F8ACD6FA809461C0D438" italics="true">spina</emphasis>
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, meaning thorn, referring to the four sharp teeth along the front margin of the pronotum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0E6MCI" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="CE938E8EE440FEC0935CC38618A92F97">
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||
<heading id="4C730F88D9F96BB822C010AA1E5A4A3C" reason="title">Distribution and biology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="DD969E3FFDCF9821B7FEF5F7469715C7">
|
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Only known from the
|
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<typeStatus id="643989D9CDC432D02DA742FF3D5CEB81">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality in
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<collectingCountry id="F52430927566E641BB8A7418D572233D" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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where broods containing pupae and tenerals, but not parents, were collected from a liana
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<quantity id="0502F539EF5B5803F5E41732F336FF37" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, with thick bark. Egg tunnels were biramous and cut transversely to the grain. Brood sizes ranged from 50–60 (
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<emphasis id="1037ABF23A45D797D15900DB7709F31A" italics="true">n</emphasis>
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= 20).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |