145 lines
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145 lines
14 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9f2525c-d111-4a5d-b242-8ba4d5c55d2f" ID-PMC="PMC3391719" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-204-1" ID-PubMed="22787417" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-204-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 204" ModsDocTitle="Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" checkinTime="1451248933081" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fuente, Ricardo Perez-de la, Penalver, Enrique, Delclos, Xavier & Engel, Michael S." docDate="2012" docId="7F90EFAA8019200CB13EE4410D10E8B6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 204: 1-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 204" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740" docTitle="Amarantoraphidia ventolina Perez-de la Fuente, Penalver, Delclos & Engel, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFA6FFC19C69FFCD6A5CFF8AFFFA647B" masterDocTitle="Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668154032987" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fuente, Ricardo Perez-de la</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Penalver, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Delclos, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>204</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>40</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-204-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036175" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79F0A7A3-789D-4B3F-8E34-A021073A86AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F90EFAA8019200CB13EE4410D10E8B6" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79F0A7A3-789D-4B3F-8E34-A021073A86AD" authority="Perez-de la Fuente, Penalver, Delclos & Engel" class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Amarantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amarantoraphidia ventolina" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventolina">
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Amarantoraphidia ventolina
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-de">Perez-de</normalizedToken>
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la Fuente,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñalver">Penalver</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Delclòs">Delclos</normalizedToken>
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& Engel
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 7-9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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CES 364.1, from El Soplao amber; almost complete female, just lacking the distalmost portion of both forewings beyond the end of the pterostigma and the distal third of the right hind wing. The first left leg is disarticulated. The specimen is preserved together with the following syninclusions: one evaniid (a new
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Cretevania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretevania" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretevania</taxonomicName>
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species; CES 364.2,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perez-de la Fuente, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="29 - 35" title="Description of the male of Megalava truncata Perrichot (Hymenoptera: Megalyridae) in Early Cretaceous amber from El Soplao (Spain)." volume="3274" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-de">Perez-de</normalizedToken>
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la Fuente et al. 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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, in prep.) and three other indeterminate hymenopterans, four dipterans (one chimeromyiid among them), one thysanopteran, a few charcoalified plant fibers, and a few timber debris, as well as other indeterminate organic remains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">As for the genus (vide supra).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Female.Integument dark brown; legs patterned as follows: femora darkened from just before their midlength to their end; three dark areas on tibiae, proximally, medially and distally; tarsomere 1 not darkened, distal tarsomeres darkened. Head.Ovoid, about 0.7-0.8 long, with portion posterior to compound eyes longer than eye diameter and tapering caudad; three large ocelli present, situated between an
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">terior</pageBreakToken>
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half of compound eyes; mandibles with teeth not visible;palps short;compound eyes large and exopthalmic, separated by distance slightly greater than compound eye length; antennae inserted around anterior tangent of compound eyes (exact insertion not visible); scape and pedicel gracile, both measuring about length of four flagellomeres and being subequal in thickness to them; 24 flagellomeres present, slightly longer than wide, with sparse, minute setae; coronal ecdysial cleavage line not evident; posterior border of head with a distinct collar-like lip.Thorax.Prothorax about 1.1 long, meso- plus metathorax 1.4 long; pronotum slightly longer than head, with a constant
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">height</pageBreakToken>
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along its entire length (i.e., without a distinct change of slope in lateral view); a few spines visible on prothorax, dorsoanterior mesothorax apparently with a few small spines; all tibiae with apical spines; mesotibiae especially swollen; metatibiae significantly more elongate and thinner than the other tibiae; process at midlength of metatibiae absent; five tarsomeres, third with bilobed extensions lacking digitiform processes (Fig. 7B); pretarsal claws simple, with a basal enlargement; arolium large.Wing veins brown, meeting wing margins without bifurcating; veins with strong, very short setae, especially abundant on C; membrane hyaline. Forewing.Length about 5.6 (tip not preserved), maximum width 1.9; costal field moderately broad (at widest point costal field about 1.4 wider than pterostigma); six c-sc crossveins present, two basalmost c-sc crossveins particularly close to each other; Sc terminating into C slightly distad wing midlength; single, proximal sc-r crossvein; pterostigma elongate (1.5 long), slightly longer than either radial cell; pterostigma with constant width along its entire length, faintly infumate, starting 0.4 (about three times pterostigmal width) beyond termination of Sc; pterostigma without crossveins, basally closed by a crossvein; Rs with two branches; two large radial cells present; first radial cell nearly as long as second radial cell, with MA arising slightly distad its midpoint; MA with two branches; two dis
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">coidal</pageBreakToken>
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cells posterior to MP; apicalmost branch of CuA unforked; 1cua-cup crossvein located at M-CuA separation; 2A arcuate; jugal lobe not visible. Hind wing. Length about 4.1, maximum width 1.3; costal field distinctly narrower than in forewing; four c-sc crossveins present; sc-r crossvein absent; pterostigma elongate (1.5 long), slightly longer than second radial cell; pterostigma with about a constant width along its entire length, faintly infumate, starting 0.3 (slightly more than two times pterostigmal width) beyond termination of Sc; pterostigma without crossveins, basally closed by a crossvein; Rs with two branches; two radials cells present; MA with two branches; two discoidal cells posterior to MP, first one smaller and trianguloid; 1ma-mp crossvein close to fork between Rs and MA; anal area folded. Abdomen. Length 2.4; ovipositor robust, 1.7 long as preserved, 0.1 thick (about 15 times as long as wide); ovipositor showing dense annulations (Fig. 7C); ovipositor with faint, stiff, short sensory setae along its entire length; ovipositor gonostyli most likely club-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Amarantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amarantoraphidia ventolina" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventolina">Amarantoraphidia ventolina</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n., holotype CES 364.1. A lateral habitus, note a charcoalified plant fibernearby the specimen (arrow) B left metatarsi showing bilobed third tarsomere C distal portion of ovipositor, note its dense annulation; arrow points to a gonostylus. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C = 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figure 8. Drawings of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Amarantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amarantoraphidia ventolina" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventolina">Amarantoraphidia ventolina</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n., holotype CES 364.1. A lateral habitus B head, magnified. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figure 9. Drawings of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Amarantoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amarantoraphidia ventolina" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventolina">Amarantoraphidia ventolina</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n., holotype CES 364.1. A left forewing B left hind wing, depicted with its preservational folding, i.e., the basal part of MA is superimposed by the basal part of MP and the anal field is folded upwards. Only the distalmost c-sc crossvein has been tagged for both wings. Scale bar = 1 mm (both wings at the same scale).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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In the Cantabrian mythology, the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“ventolines”">"ventolines"</normalizedToken>
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are tenacious and always cheerful fairy-like air beings that dwell in the depths of the sky and, when summoned, help defenseless fishermen by placidly steering their boats to the shore while embracing them with their warm green wings. The term has been singularized and feminized for combination.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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In extant snakeflies, the dense annulations of the ovipositor (cf. Fig. 7C) provide the flexibility necessary for introduction into irregular cavities, similar to a flexible metallic hose (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mickoleit, G" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Morphologie der Tiere" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="145 - 171" title="Zur Anatomie und Funktion des Raphidiopteren-ovipositors (Insecta, Neuropteroidea)." url="10.1007/BF00280670" volume="76" year="1973">Mickoleit 1973</bibRefCitation>
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). It has been noted how mesoraphidiids would have had a shorter and thicker ovipositor than Recent
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<taxonomicName genus="Raphidioptera" lsidName="Raphidioptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">Raphidioptera</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="221 - 236" title="A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history." url="10.1163/187631211X568164" volume="42" year="2011">Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). The shape of the ovipositor in this specimen and also in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Alavaraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alavaraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alavaraphidia</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. supports such a conclusion.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |