284 lines
29 KiB
XML
284 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="053556F4859498CB0796B934A1778317" ID-CLB-Dataset="32985" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e74d19-92e1-402e-9e53-287900da18cd" ID-PMC="PMC5523888" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-675-97" ID-PubMed="28769681" ID-ZooBank="6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-675-97" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 675" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)" checkinTime="1495538546563" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jochum, Adrienne, Weigand, Alexander M., Bochud, Estee, Inaebnit, Thomas, Doerge, Dorian D., Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Favre, Adrien, Martels, Gunhild & Kampschulte, Marian" docDate="2017" docId="51E79E240A7C38190FEC1099AD5D2F5C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 675: 97-127" docOrigin="ZooKeys 675" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453" docTitle="Carychium belizeense Jochum & Weigand, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="35C8EC6B-CF0C-4FA4-A85C-BFC788C5E047" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="FFF0FFA2FFD2E54DFF98FFB8FFA8FFE8" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Carychium O. F. Mueller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1732777118916" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0A00DA831977A190B21A0366D08EFCDE">Three new species of Carychium O. F. Mueller, 1773 from the Southeastern USA, Belize and Panama are described using computer tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF995AFCFE50437120D94BF32471AFF">Jochum, Adrienne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5923667EDCF55AC8E2DE32CCC757D8FE">Weigand, Alexander M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D103D1F90B821C078CEA7A3666DAB02E">Bochud, Estee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A53831EB2E432FD5D842FFBFC5BC48A4">Inaebnit, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6BB6D42FEE4DA887B403DA2D6B5B2E30">Doerge, Dorian D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E9EF86F6029A31430E9F692D9F278A57">Ruthensteiner, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D0B12155084B1583F38D945CF47634B">Favre, Adrien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23151D4F754CA4987FEEE4BBF03ADFE9">Martels, Gunhild</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F532039B389BA8B3F92D517D557710B0">Kampschulte, Marian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EC1774C4C3DEAD834ECAD2497E267FF9">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DDDBBC159B7DC6AE1982BF6B785CB9BD">675</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="702AD9DC2A969D765C26606317986C94">97</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C823E8B4BD9B369CA7172CD12D579B4A">127</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="9199DE36D49E24DE103FDA9738824099">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="12D31CF030ABB98F940CBEE57850BD5E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="47E37CA7C5D8E0E3B0791BCFC7A9C8C4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12453</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3072C37F5CCAA474DF196F832E43B33F" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-675-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="89182C7DF1AF61F0728EE6C3DA12F2A0" type="ZooBank">6A510F53BD0D49C29AE11E17D2198F25</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="51E79E240A7C38190FEC1099AD5D2F5C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844548" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35C8EC6B-CF0C-4FA4-A85C-BFC788C5E047" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/51E79E240A7C38190FEC1099AD5D2F5C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" scope_family="Carychiidae" scope_superFamily="Ellobioidea" scope_superOrder="Eupulmonata">
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<subSubSection id="248F51A23B02864926E63E904559969E" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B529AFF91E5745ED8703332FCEC3DE5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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<taxonomicName id="063F83B0A1BF75891A0A60111E30A3E3" LSID="http://zoobank.org/35C8EC6B-CF0C-4FA4-A85C-BFC788C5E047" authority="Jochum & Weigand" family="Carychiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium belizeense" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="belizeense">Carychium belizeense Jochum & Weigand</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="67E261DF490990B522F16E579A2BA5D4" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 11, 12
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="557D7235EFCA882C96AEB589D0FDC332" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C3C7D0C7528B09A187B4B351719B0CA9" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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<bibRefCitation id="B691C4117BF75A3149581DB985437BF4" author="Weigand, AM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination=": 18" title="Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): Integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-18" volume="13" year="2013">Weigand et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, Fig. 1 40|C10; Seq. ID: BARCA BARCA135-12; BARCA136-12.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E77BA8FA4EE4768E3F33DF2BCBB8CCE" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="184BEBE2D42819CBDF55494BA914526D" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40C1D1DBF25F7984C5F42A90F5771FA0" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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Holotype (NMBE 549923/1 ex AJC 1588): Belize, Maya Mountains, Toledo District, Forest Hill, Bladen Nature Reserve;
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<geoCoordinate id="D661EF8F2689CEF63CFFFE72791D3A76" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.557167">N16.557167</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="57B4EEEB875AA2B1F14FF2D59AD2ECDC" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.70783">W-88.707833</geoCoordinate>
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, alt. c. 404 m, in wet depressions between layers of moist leaves; 12 July 2012; leg. Dan Dourson.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DBE8F370394C22DCB48DB858C7621522" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph id="C86B517DA62EF70BCA355397B017A30D" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName id="DC741261F25666050A38D7AF49E5E67D" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium belizeense" order="Ellobiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="belizeense">Carychium belizeense</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken id="944171115F9F76157B27A6D40F187E46" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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holotype (NMBE 549923/1)
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<normalizedToken id="A269EC9EE1B9DB3E737C743CCE901BC5" originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
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paratype shell (NMBE 549924/8) A, I prominent parietal denticle and parieto-columellar callus. Scale bar 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="CDA342EF2FBF8C5EE759A5C12AECC8E5" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph id="90389BCBBAF4AB18B051C80EBDBF1D36" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName id="6E6C512587155E1B9B9C2970814E0D9C" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium belizeense" order="Ellobiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="belizeense">Carychium belizeense</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken id="C528A3AB5DE5425C988E48B28F0DE374" originalValue="A–LCT">A-LCT</normalizedToken>
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scans showing columellar apparatus of paratype (NMBE 549924/8)
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<normalizedToken id="BE967894248D5B1CBE9DBE212A7A7C5E" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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two-tiered, tightly coiled columellar lamella and prominent parietal denticle
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<normalizedToken id="DF799A74575462E68421C6FFFBC0DD98" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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highly sinuate tongue-like primary lamella tightly arching over swollen secondary lamella. Scale bar 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1C14D8554E329FE0688360DFDB9C5A78" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Paratypes: locus typicus: 8 shells (NMBE 549924/8 ex AJC 1588) (2 CT-scanned) and 5 specimens in alcohol (NMBE 549925/5 ex AJC 1589); 5 shells (SMF 341639 ex AJC 1589); 4 shells (UF 489972 ex AJC 1589); 4 shells (CM 155815 ex AJC 1589); 6 specimens in alcohol (ANSP A24823 ex AJC 1588); data as the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2F065E0DD426B3671416A4A55A30F11" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B1D8D33C567187D983026598567A6E70" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2756A1E1E6B4CCE0EC5A41106EC28B09" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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Shell c. 1.75 mm in height, elongate-pupiform with an elliptical-shaped aperture, pellucid, thick peristome with a columellar-basal apertural barrier and a pronounced parietal denticle. Although it bears one more whorl than
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<taxonomicName id="D101074675BA8EED09CD1B64200F4FE6" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
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, it is smaller than this species but larger than
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<taxonomicName id="6AFC94D5984F858D6ED6CBAAD36B473A" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
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. Internally,
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<taxonomicName id="F060B3C0E2958CA8183978D4D528916B" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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has a highly sinuate, tightly coiled, two-tiered columellar configuration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3A33E1B30B7E0FA88EF60E30360A7ABC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5F1A614F25D008F37EE281493466BDE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F045792E0C174174FDC44583FEDCDB7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
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Measurements are provided in Table 2. Shell minute, elongate-pupiform, transparent when fresh, robust, with about 4-5 highly convex whorls and a deeply incised suture; with irregular striations or blunt growth lines on the body whorl.
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<pageBreakToken id="252FC013C5A144174E3F702FD3BB4B49" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" start="start">Protoconch</pageBreakToken>
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bulbous. Teleoconch is irregularly smooth with course texture and vague indentations disrupting the overall glossy sheen. Peristome elliptical and thick, only slightly higher than wide, closely adhering to spire, taking up about one third of the shell height, moderately reflected, projecting beyond shell (Fig. 11C, K) and curved back in profile view (Fig. 11D, L). Columellar margin has a large callus and an acute entering fold above. Parietal denticle thick, downward projecting, prominently visible from the umbilical perspective (Fig. 11E, G). Columella two-tiered with two, sinuous, thin, tightly coiled lamellae culminating in the thick parietal denticle (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken id="CF2B3E37981B02D33F50E6D770E23BB2" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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). In dorsal perspective, the columellar lamella slants directly diagonal with its thickest part at the bottom end and projecting moderately from the columella (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken id="3D069D8A731EEFD0EF509E3F285341E2" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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). Remarkable is the side perspective with aperture facing right (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken id="3B5F367FA56C45D91BECBEE19FAEE4B2" originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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), whereby the columellar lamella takes on a strongly curved tongue-like form directly over the dense, blister-like second lamella of the two-tiered columellar apparatus. The base of the columella spindle is short and obliquely set. The high degree of sinuosity and tight coiling of the two-tiered lamella is remarkable for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE4D7648ABC1254431D88B92D1DF2E5D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="95294C47AD18231F1106F14E349C1DB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="101">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A93986CC668CF68B3B525AED7B8C90F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="4" pageNumber="101">
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Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="A194BAE60BE67B42BF04BC5E62C0F5C6" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by its generally more robust and fatter shell, greater degree of whorl convexity and general reduction of distinct striation on the teleoconch. In side view aperture-left profile, the peristome of
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<taxonomicName id="9B28F2DCA3B42F3F4D7E037548743493" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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is practically sheer with the convexity of the body whorl whereby in
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<taxonomicName id="98BAA90CB8A4CA4EE727E42E6FB993EC" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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, the body whorl projects c. 1/6 beyond the rim of the peristome. The columellar callus on the inner edge of the peristome of
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<taxonomicName id="22BBFB37E55462CF365914F9FC8DE969" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
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is much more prominent than in
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<taxonomicName id="B74923F33894A36DAFBFE1A6807785D4" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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as is the remarkably thick and prominent parietal denticle. Internally, by the highly sinuate, tightly coiled two-tiered columellar configuration versus the singular and simple, moderately sinuate lamellar configuration of
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<taxonomicName id="93BFCDE4894C6BB3DB44BB779E3D49E2" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
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; from
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<taxonomicName id="7FEA7B33C2500511AF34A1EF3DFADBFE" lsidName="C. floridanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="floridanum">C. floridanum</taxonomicName>
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by the increased convexity of the body whorl giving the impression of a fatter shell, by the decreased concentration of callus in the interior part of the outermost peristome rim causing less an alabaster-like appearance in the side view, aperture-facing-left perspective. Internally, by the highly sinuate, tightly coiled, two-tiered columellar configuration versus the singular and sinuate lamellar configuration of
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<taxonomicName id="6DE58C562911277930794F69B4919A0F" lsidName="C. floridanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="floridanum">C. floridanum</taxonomicName>
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; differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="018FB10BE236486FCAFA547281932248" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the more elongate shell and the possession of an additional whorl, by the uneven roundish, flat expanse of the peristome onto the body whorl whereby, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52B0CEA93718EFA715268CE9867D8DF8" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this feature seems to vary from a straight seam on the surface of the body whorl (Fig. 8A) to a fully-callused expansive peristome with a straight seam as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC0A6A65F1F0C24F19E99DDDA5CB95C" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 2F, 8I). The parieto-columellar callus is more pronounced in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF48C86AD00A84DB42024B3A9CDA337F" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1F6996458147FDA9DE5242D6BAAB111" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Internally, the highly sinuate, tightly coiled, two-tiered columellar configuration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F4D7E5F84FF1AF4C0E565525D591D4B" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greatly elaborate (Fig. 12
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0B5B0EC85FDA6F44CC6CB7838A619D6C" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
) compared to the less complex, and smoother sinuosity of the lamellar configurations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58F371201B0590F0A2E047AEA485A3D3" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78B38D489EAC063B6D5B535A3E784EA8" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 9). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41135F74347D7820C0FEFD0750201309" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the narrow lamella unfolds mid-way from within the penultimate whorl position into a moderate tongue-like projection (Fig. 9E, G), maintaining a slightly thickened S-shaped sinuous form when turning the shell from dorsal (Fig. 9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C5A91637DFEA5D05D3BE163B8D960277" originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
) to aperture-right perspective (Fig. 9I), whereby for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="309601A959A18983FE3EF5351479686E" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lamella is wider at its source in the penultimate whorl, descending smoothly without elaboration. The
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="9AA44FFF385C28238426D43C7F4BC479" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" start="start">parietal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
denticle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="288FF24F6C1AE54ED4CF9DB28128A6B6" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
is stronger and larger than in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0192B54849F8087017D304280D46213F" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA26985AF6FD8469F961A635824773D" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0045394105995BA8F0F76B1F52F4897" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium jardineanum" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jardineanum">Carychium jardineanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conchologically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBB5C24B3B79F14306DFC33230466E7C" lsidName="C. hardiei" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="hardiei">C. hardiei</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it is more tapered, more elongated and slender in form, clearly ribbed and bears one additional whorl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91106233CBBCFADF8CD5A09BA5405A14" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
|
||
DNA barcode data can clearly delineate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33D19233C0F3B3BF2A74481382FEBF02" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium belizeense" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="belizeense">Carychium belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from all other North and Central American taxa, demonstrating its lowest K2P genetic distance of 3.9 % to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFECEC744DA7BD17EF09F0757E1A0C12" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9A0054095F44861B344AD611EFF788" lsidName="C. jardineanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="jardineanum">C. jardineanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3), respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7F101CFF817A9C49916F07D020959FA3" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C05A46D4CA1E86245378161A7890554" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF4EF600D89DF0FB4DFEB6A215E16502" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">The new species is named after Belize, the Central American country of origin.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFF43CCC6487B41773B567D12B01F6F6" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D76DECE0CB556F9EF367679960ADA3FA" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7641E866759D77BF2FDD9280AA53968" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Only known from the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59C07766104653E3B3C8549DDD4905E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3EEE28DDCB198B8BCD452E9A4424FB1" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="36769856901E271C75F68205322E55B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Tropical rainforest and karst geology of the eastern slopes of the Mayan Mountain Divide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A1CC373EDE8B8A1AECA2E296D24DCC12" author="Dourson, DC" journalOrPublisher="Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education (BFREE), Bakersville, NC, USA" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" title="Land Snails of Belize" year="2017">Dourson and Caldwell 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="796BEE92EE835F81BB8DCFF4C535057B" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE30FC08C2B37DD64E015391918E3A0E" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58FAFD3C7405C873F80764C331C69CEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E92D60C653B82C69C4DF5FC67D83165" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium belizeense" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="belizeense">Carychium belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is so far only known from the Bladen Nature Reserve (BNR). Since it was found abundantly and is considered "a fairly common species where it is found living between layers of moist leaves" (Dan Dourson pers. comm.) it is likely not immediately threatened on the highly protected Bladen Nature Reserve. Still, on a global scale, its current distribution is probably limited to the 400-square km comprising the BNR and thus, it constitutes an Endangered narrow range endemic (EN B1) in conjunction with the Guidelines for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and petitions Subcommittee 2014). Since the Bladen Nature Reserve is a major conservation priority in Belize, we are confident
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BB9057771ECF3C4FE4248985D1F03B3" lsidName="C. belizeense" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="belizeense">C. belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is thriving well because of this protection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="905E595CF121D32305F0FB333F440010" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="D5A15B3649AC9BDDC5448D97091F3654" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="554C378808C7F51A7DF18CD7A2F190B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
|
||
The primary upper columellar lamella is incredibly thin, almost like gauze at the line of flexure where it projects away from the columella (Fig. 12
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A975EBC0732D65399DC71D788CD796FF" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Two scans were necessary to interpret the correct position and fragility of this structure (one slightly damaged in the process). The high extent of sinuosity is remarkable for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE4EAF36159EF679163D4152F2CB21C7" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
|
||
In their upcoming publication, Daniel C. Dourson and Ronald S. Caldwell (2017) mention "in the first few whorls, there are minute spiral papillae (beads) which can only be seen under high magnification" (Dan Dourson pers. comm. 2013). In our CT scans, we cannot detect this feature. If pitting on the protoconch is meant here, and only detectable via SEM, this is a common character known throughout the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC05621C3CBB04EAAF2FAEE5929E2886" family="Carychiidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="family">Carychiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD6CC9AAE2033148E29E96966EEB2FF6" author="Burch, JB" journalOrPublisher="Malacological Review" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="59 - 60" title="The shell surface sculpture of Carychiumnannodes." volume="11" year="1978">Burch and Schrader van Devender 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="63B8BDCDC93E2E8CE8AA9844CD0CC4E9" author="Bank, RA" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="85 - 100" title="Notes on Azorean and European Carychium species (GastropodaBasommatophora: Ellobiidae)." volume="49" year="1985">Bank and Gittenberger 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="39E970E67907CADE69F42A160C611CBF" author="Jochum, A" journalOrPublisher="The Malacologist" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" pagination="16 - 18" title="Evolution and diversity of the troglobitic Carychiidae - A morphological and phylogenetic investigation of the terrestrial ellobioid genera, Carychium and Zospeum." volume="57" year="2011">Jochum 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and not unique to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B1C52F3B459DC894D6E2988705F1CD1" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Internally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08BFC9450002890E67398F602220CCEE" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium belizeense" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="belizeense">Carychium belizeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conchologically quite different from all other North American and Central American species hitherto described. In shape and shell robustness, it lies between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3C0E102FFFAF25E43EC637FB1D9D68E" lsidName="C. mexicanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="mexicanum">C. mexicanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E042BA6BE1DD6DC766FF57BBD3E62E3D" lsidName="C. costaricanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="costaricanum">C. costaricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1894137E7FA5F43069ADAA078D6ADDDC" class="Gastropoda" family="Ellobiidae" genus="Carychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carychium jardineanum" order="Ellobiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jardineanum">Carychium jardineanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is conchologically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA5245C31AEF97DEE119A1F55E2373B4" lsidName="C. belizeanum" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="belizeanum">C. belizeanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it is more tapered, elongate and slender in form, clearly ribbed and bears an additional whorl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |