231 lines
21 KiB
XML
231 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b15909-ea61-40d7-ba04-325b8af91669" ID-PMC="PMC5674090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-701-1" ID-PubMed="29118596" ID-ZBK="23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-701-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 701" ModsDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" checkinTime="1506095869158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A. & Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2017" docId="4C6DA6035B6B30B95C2C1B284D2AD5B4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 701: 1-496" docOrigin="ZooKeys 701" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" docTitle="Torrenticola flangipalpa Fisher & Dowling, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="FDF11FC8-56B5-49BE-B5FC-CF7D42E9213E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="3D440132FFABFFFC1505FFA0FFDDEA09" masterDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164828938" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>701</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>496</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-701-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839675" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FDF11FC8-56B5-49BE-B5FC-CF7D42E9213E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C6DA6035B6B30B95C2C1B284D2AD5B4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FDF11FC8-56B5-49BE-B5FC-CF7D42E9213E" authority="Fisher & Dowling" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">Torrenticola flangipalpa Fisher & Dowling</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Alabama, Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.941944">34°56'31"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-87.82806">87°49'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162, DNA 1310.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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PARATYPES (5 ♀; 7 ♂): Alabama, USA: 3 ♂ from Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.941944">34°56'31"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-87.82806">87°49'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 24 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090121
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.941944">34°56'31"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-87.82806">87°49'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162, DNA 1309
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Lauderdale County, Natchez Trace Parkway, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.941944">34°56'31"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-87.82806">87°49'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Sep 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100162
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Arkansas, USA: 1 ♀ from Carroll County, beside Route 62, Kings River, 21 Jul 1960, by DR Cook, DRC600026
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Kentucky, USA: 1 ♀ from Larue County, beside Route 31E, 4 kilometers south of Route 61 at Hodgenville (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="37.583332">37°35'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.7">85°42'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 May 1992, by IM Smith, IMS920014
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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North Carolina, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Haywood County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Big Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.751087">35°45'3.92"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.108795">83°6'31.67"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 15 Sep 2009, by AJ Radwell, AJR090008A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Tennessee, USA: 1 ♀ from Sevier County, Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Sugarlands Nature Trail (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.67972">35°40'47"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-83.53111">83°31'52"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 7 Sep 2009, by IM Smith, IMS090101.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type deposition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type deposition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and most paratypes (3 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (2 ♀; 2 ♂) deposited in the ACUA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">Torrenticola flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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are similar to other members of the Nigroalba Group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nigroalba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigroalba">T. nigroalba</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. solisorta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="solisorta">T. solisorta</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. dentirostra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentirostra">T. dentirostra</taxonomicName>
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) in being small, slightly elongate, having purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly, and having distinct yet poorly-defined hind coxal margins (can be indistinct, at least in males).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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are best differentiated from other members of the Nigroalba Group by having a flange-like, anteriorly-directed pedipalp femoral extension (this extension is tuberculate in other members of the Nigroalba Group). Additionally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nigroalba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigroalba">T. nigroalba</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. solisorta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="solisorta">T. solisorta</taxonomicName>
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by having a longer anterior venter (235-265 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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; 192-225 in others) and stockier pedipalpal tibiae (length/width ♀ = 4.79-5.0 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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, 5.38-5.83 in others; length/width ♂ = 4.4-4.86 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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, 5.08-5.33 in others).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. dentirostra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentirostra">T. dentirostra</taxonomicName>
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by having a smooth rostrum (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. dentirostra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentirostra">T. dentirostra</taxonomicName>
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has a dentate bump midway on the dorsal edge of the rostrum). Other
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
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with purple dorsal coloration restricted posteriorly, such as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tahoei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tahoei">T. tahoei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. oregonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="oregonensis">T. oregonensis</taxonomicName>
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are larger (dorsum length ♀ = 530-565 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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, 600-810 in others; ♂ = 480-510 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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, 560-820 in others) and distributed in the west (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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is only known from Alabama and Tennessee).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female (Figure 79) (n = 5) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (530-580 (545) long; 365-425 (380) wide) ovoid with purple or bluish-purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5130 (127.5) long; 47.5-57.5 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (157.5-175 (172.5) long; 55-62.5 (55) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 255-295 (255)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.33-1.45 (1.43); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.49 (1.49); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.25-2.74 (2.68); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.86-3.14 (3.14); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.40 (1.35).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (305-330 (307.5) long (ventral); 225-255 (225) long (dorsal); 90-95 (90) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (112.5-130 (117.5) long; 37.5-42.5 (37.5) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (285-320 (286) long) with curved fangs (43-50 (44) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.39-3.47 (3.42); rostrum length/width 2.82-3.06 (3.00). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with broad, dentate, anteriorly-directed flange on femora and with variable, dentate flange-like extension on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-35 (35) long); femur (93.75-102.5 (93.75) long); genu (55-62.5 (55) long); tibia (80-90 (83.75) long; 16.25-18.75 (17.5) wide); tarsus (15-17.5 (15) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.60-1.70 (1.70); tibia/femur 0.82-0.90 (0.89); tibia length/width 4.79-5.00 (4.79).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (680-750 (680) long; 430-495 (436) wide) with faint purple or bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (112.5-140 (120) long; 67.5-75 (67.5) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (67.5-80 (67.5) long). Genital plates (145-160 (151.25) long; 125-132.5 (125) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (266-310 (266) long (total); 150-170 (156) long (medial)); Cx-3 (278-321 (278) wide); anterior venter (235-255 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.50-2.00 (1.78); anterior venter/genital field length 1.55-1.76 (1.62); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.86-2.04 (1.96); anterior venter/medial suture 3.06-3.78 (3.63).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male (Figure 80) (n = 6) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (480-510 (480) long; 330-370 (330) wide) ovoid with purple or bluish-purple coloration restricted posteriorly. Anterio-medial platelets (112.5-122.5 (115) long; 41.25-47.5 (41.25) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (152.5-162.5 (152.5) long; 50-53.75 (50) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 235-260 (235)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.38-1.45 (1.45); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.39-1.44 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.42-2.79 (2.79); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 3.02-3.10 (3.05); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.33-1.44 (1.33).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5-290 (272.5) long (ventral); 200-209 (200) long (dorsal); 75-87.5 (75) tall) elongate and colorless. Rostrum (102.5-107.5 (105) long; 32.5-35 (35) wide) elongate. Chelicerae (250-272 (260) long) with curved fangs (39-62 (40) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 3.31-3.68 (3.63); rostrum length/width 2.93-3.31 (3.00). Pedipalps elongate (especially tibiae) with broad, dentate, anteriorly-directed flange on femora and with variable, dentate flange-like extension on genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (27.5-31.25 (27.5) long); femur (85-90 (87.5) long); genu 47.5-57.5 (55) long); tibia (77.5-85 (80) long; 17.5-18.75 (17.5) wide); tarsus (12.5-15 (12.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.52-1.79 (1.59); tibia/femur 0.91-0.94 (0.91); tibia length/width 4.40-4.86 (4.57).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (600-640 (600) long; 356-420 (380) wide) with faint purple or bluish-purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (100-112.5 (105) long; 65-72.5 (65) wide). Cxgl-4 far from apex. Medial suture (82.5-107.5 (95) long). Genital plates (122.5-127.5 (122.5) long; 92.5-100 (95) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (240-258 (240) long (total); 122-160 (135) long (medial)); Cx-3 (251-291 (265) wide); anterior venter (245-265 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.48-1.62 (1.62); anterior venter/genital field length 1.98-2.12 (2.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 2.55-2.68 (2.58); anterior venter/medial suture 2.42-3.00 (2.58).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immatures unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Specific epithet (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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) refers the expanded (i.e., flanged) pedipalp femoral tubercle (flange, English; palpus, L. hand, feeler), which distinguishes this species from other members of the Nigroalba Group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Southeastern (Figure 78).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 78.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">Torrenticola flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 79.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">Torrenticola flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. female: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 80.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">Torrenticola flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola flangipalpa" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">Torrenticola flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
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groups with other members of the Raptor Complex with high support in all analyses and specimens are less than 1% different in COI sequence from each other. In all analyses,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flangipalpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flangipalpa">T. flangipalpa</taxonomicName>
|
|
groups with two other morphologically similar species:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. nigroalba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigroalba">T. nigroalba</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. solisorta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="solisorta">T. solisorta</taxonomicName>
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. These three species are greater than 12% different from each other in COI sequence.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">That clade of three species corresponds to an identification group, Nigroalba Group, the members of which are easily differentiated by their size, coloration, long medial suture in females, and overall appearance.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%) and high divergence between species (3-15%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |