544 lines
72 KiB
XML
544 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="A1421857EEA812F61A7F3AFDE5437833" ID-DOI="10.26028/cybium/2020-441-003" ID-ISSN="2101-0315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493383" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1705000609674" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Meunier, François J. & Gayet, Mireille" docDate="2020" docId="304B075D6865E85FFCB58730FD1CFAEE" docLanguage="en" docName="Cybium.44.1.19-37.pdf" docOrigin="Cybium 44 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EAB95795642928CB986F0923DE58F0B7.1:Cybium.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="EAB95795642928CB986F0923DE58F0B7" docStyleName="Cybium.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Polypterid" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="CC727F25686CE852FF98830AFF85FFFF" masterDocTitle="Comparative morphology of the finlet spines of the extant Polypteridae (Osteichthyes; Cladistia). Systematic interest" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1711472892287" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2079626875137CC92AC4268FE8E11BC7">
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<mods:title id="88CC5E045300B61F27B96034082C8F26">Comparative morphology of the finlet spines of the extant Polypteridae (Osteichthyes; Cladistia). Systematic interest</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAA16AB28CAF9489EA0F3B745F6D79BF">Meunier, François J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3BC35321A5D034C8F3C7A944934F77DD">Gayet, Mireille</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A5F4CD74EF3B5DDD2CC0C16287947091">Cybium</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="785D3C67634B9A0370CE8947D04551AD">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="FEDC02052D90D9A2B7A3AF3EC9951242" type="DOI">10.26028/cybium/2020-441-003</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="304B075D6865E85FFCB58730FD1CFAEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:304B075D6865E85FFCB58730FD1CFAEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/304B075D6865E85FFCB58730FD1CFAEE" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="F0F8E5C06865E85BFCB58730FB06FB8D" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B85DB64B6865E85BFCB58730FB06FB8D" blockId="9.[813,1456,1082,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFCB58730FC7FFB8D" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
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Comparative morphology of the finlet spines in
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFCB58750FC20FB8D" box="[813,933,1114,1138]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterid" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterid</taxonomicName>
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species
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6865E85BFB9F8750FBFEFB8D" box="[1031,1147,1114,1138]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStart-3="Figure 16" captionStart-4="Figure 17" captionStart-5="Figure 18" captionStartId-0="10.[132,195,935,957]" captionStartId-1="10.[132,196,1643,1665]" captionStartId-2="11.[132,204,844,866]" captionStartId-3="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionStartId-4="12.[1067,1132,327,349]" captionStartId-5="12.[132,198,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1406,218,912]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1408,1015,1626]" captionTargetBox-2="[576,1452,219,1051]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetBox-4="[135,1036,219,603]" captionTargetBox-5="[138,772,648,1586]" captionTargetId-0="figure-152@10.[175,1413,215,918]" captionTargetId-1="figure-206@10.[179,1408,1015,1626]" captionTargetId-2="figure-191@11.[573,1455,215,1052]" captionTargetId-3="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetId-4="figure-466@12.[132,1039,215,607]" captionTargetId-5="figure-560@12.[132,775,645,1594]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionText-0="Figure 13. – Details of the anterior side of the articular head of the 7th finlet spine, except Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapradei 16th, P. polli 3th and P. senegalus 6th. The arrows point to the ganoine. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="Figure 14. – Right lateral view of the articular face of the finlet spine. 7th spine, except Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapradei 16th, P. polli 3th and P. senegalus 6th. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="Figure 15. – Posterior side of the whole finlet spine showing the peculi- arities of the articular head and of the median groove of the shaft. 7th spine, except Erpetoichthys calabaricus and Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapra- dei 16th, P. polli 3th and P.senegalus 6th. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Erpetoichthys; 1 mm for Polypterus species." captionText-3="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-4="Figure 17. – Basal view of the articular head of the finlet spines, showing the glenoid cavity and the processes. The posterior and anterior sides are respectively lower and upper. The basal surface of the articular head can be inserted either in a rectangular frame (Polypterus b. katangae, P. ansorgei, P. b. lapradei, P. ornatipinnis, P. palmas, P. polli, P. weeksi), a square frame (P. retropinnis) or a round frame (Erpetoichthys). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." captionText-5="Figure 18. – Ground sections of the 1st spine at the level of the foramen (except for E. calabaricus), showing the general histological organization of the spines, specially the ganoine patches and the vascular canals (in black). The foramen merges with the medular canal in the centre of the spine. The posterior and anterior sides of the spine are respectively lower and upper. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493411" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493413" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493416" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493420" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493422" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10493411/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10493413/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10493416/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10493420/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10493422/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Figs 13-18</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F0F8E5C06865E85FFCCA8770FD1CFAEE" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B85DB64B6865E85BFCCA8770FA1DFA8D" blockId="9.[813,1456,1082,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
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Comparisons of the first finlet spine have been done for all the species listed; the whole set of spines has been compared for a portion of the species (one to five fish according the species availability). In general, their global organization is similar to that described for
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFBE387F0FAE1FAED" box="[1147,1380,1274,1298]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFBE387F0FAE1FAED" box="[1147,1380,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Polypterus senegalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, there are several significant differences, in particularly, ones concerning the respective development and the relative position of the processes on the articular head of the spine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B85DB64B6865E858FCCA8671FAE9F90C" blockId="9.[813,1456,1082,1907]" lastBlockId="10.[813,1456,1723,1907]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
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For the four species of which males and females have been compared (
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFC478691FBC0FA4D" box="[991,1093,1434,1458]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delhezi">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFC478691FBC0FA4D" box="[991,1093,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. delhezi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFBCB8691FB74FA4D" box="[1107,1265,1435,1458]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFBCB8691FB74FA4D" box="[1107,1265,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFB668691FA07FA4D" box="[1278,1410,1434,1458]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFB668691FA07FA4D" box="[1278,1410,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. senegalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFCB586B1FC4CFA2D" box="[813,969,1466,1490]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabaricus">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFCB586B1FC4CFA2D" box="[813,969,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">E. calabaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), we observed a common sexual dimorphism in the shape of the spine shaft: narrow with lateral depressions for the male and wide for the female. The age and sex of the specimen drastically influence the appearance of the ganoine layer. Indeed, the dentine is more widespread for larger specimens, and negatively correlated to the ganoine development. Thus, caution is required when using the anterior face of the spine for species identification. In juveniles, the ganoine is limited to a thin pad on the edges of the finlet spine and it progressively extends to irregular patches on the anterior face. At the first spine in young adults, the ganoine layer may cover the entire anterior surface to the upper transversal pad. The adult
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFBBC8436FB2AF8AC" box="[1060,1199,1851,1875]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFBBC8436FB2AF8AC" box="[1060,1199,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. senegalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFB278436FAAEF8AC" box="[1215,1323,1851,1875]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delhezi">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFB278436FAAEF8AC" box="[1215,1323,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. delhezi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFAA38436FA2DF8AC" box="[1339,1448,1851,1875]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmas">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFAA38436FA2DF8AC" box="[1339,1448,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. palmas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFCB58456FC4FF88C" box="[813,970,1884,1907]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFCB58456FC4FF88C" box="[813,970,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFC668456FBCCF88C" box="[1022,1097,1883,1907]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFC668456FBCCF88C" box="[1022,1097,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">P. polli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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show this juvenile characteristic, but the ganoine slightly regresses on the posterior spines to the median line where the finlet web attaches. At the first spine of an adult
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FED285F1FE67F8ED" box="[330,482,1787,1810]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FED285F1FE67F8ED" box="[330,482,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. retropinnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the ganoine layer covers the whole surface except for the basal median region (similar to the last spine of
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FEE08431FE7AF8AC" box="[376,511,1851,1875]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FEE08431FE7AF8AC" box="[376,511,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. senegalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FDAB8431FD0AF8AC" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[563,655,1851,1875]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FDAB8431FD0AF8AC" box="[563,655,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. bichir</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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adults, the ganoine is reduced from the first spine to ridges separated by the dentine. Finally, for adult
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FBE985B1FB6CF92D" box="[1137,1257,1723,1746]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FBE985B1FB6CF92D" box="[1137,1257,1723,1746]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FA8785B1FA2DF92C" box="[1311,1448,1723,1747]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="endlicheri">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FA8785B1FA2DF92C" box="[1311,1448,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. endlicheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the ganoine covers only a very small surface (
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<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6866E858FA8985D1FADAF90C" box="[1297,1375,1755,1779]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="10.[132,195,935,957]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,218,912]" captionTargetId="figure-152@10.[175,1413,215,918]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 13. – Details of the anterior side of the articular head of the 7th finlet spine, except Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapradei 16th, P. polli 3th and P. senegalus 6th. The arrows point to the ganoine. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493411/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EC9DE6C36865E85BFF1C841FFE91F88D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493409/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" startId="9.[132,197,1813,1835]" targetBox="[146,755,1260,1794]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="B85DB64B6865E85BFF1C841FFE91F88D" blockId="9.[132,775,1813,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 12. –
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<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86865E85BFE9C841FFD8FF8D5" box="[260,522,1813,1834]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabaricus">
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFE9C841FFD8FF8D5" box="[260,522,1813,1834]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">Erpetoichthys calabaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFD80841FFDACF8D5" bold="true" box="[536,553,1813,1834]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
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: The posterior face of 6
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<superScript id="4F971B036865E85BFF098420FF1AF8C7" attach="left" box="[145,159,1834,1848]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">th</superScript>
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finlet spine.
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<emphasis id="8A966A596865E85BFEBF8427FEB2F8BD" bold="true" box="[295,311,1837,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
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: Basal view of the articular head of the same finlet spine showing the glenoid cavity and the processes. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EC9DE6C36866E858FF1C80ADFC21FC2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493411/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" startId="10.[132,195,935,957]" targetBox="[181,1406,218,912]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6866E858FF1C80ADFC21FC2B" blockId="10.[132,1455,932,981]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Figure 13. – Details of the anterior side of the articular head of the 7
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FC8180AEFCA3FC4D" attach="left" box="[793,806,932,946]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
finlet spine, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FC7180ADFB57FC43" box="[1001,1234,935,956]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bichir" subSpecies="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FC7180ADFB57FC43" box="[1001,1234,935,956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Polypterus bichir bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FB7C80AFFB6AFC4C" attach="none" box="[1252,1263,933,947]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">st</superScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FB6480A2FAF8FC43" box="[1276,1405,935,957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. b. lapradei</emphasis>
|
||
16
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FA0480AEFA2CFC4D" attach="none" box="[1436,1449,932,946]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FF1C80CAFF42FC2B" box="[132,199,959,981]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FF1C80CAFF42FC2B" box="[132,199,959,981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FF4180B6FF63FC35" attach="left" box="[217,230,956,970]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FE8B80CAFE0CFC2B" box="[275,393,959,981]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FE8B80CAFE0CFC2B" box="[275,393,959,981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FE0280B6FE22FC35" attach="none" box="[410,423,956,970]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
. The arrows point to the ganoine. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EC9DE6C36866E858FF1C8561FDEFF967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493413/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" startId="10.[132,196,1643,1665]" targetBox="[179,1408,1015,1626]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6866E858FF1C8561FDEFF967" blockId="10.[132,1455,1640,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Figure 14. – Right lateral view of the articular face of the finlet spine. 7
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FCDD8562FCD7F989" attach="left" box="[837,850,1640,1654]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
spine, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FC788561FB4BF97F" box="[992,1230,1643,1664]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bichir" subSpecies="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FC788561FB4BF97F" box="[992,1230,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Polypterus bichir bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FB788563FB6EF988" attach="none" box="[1248,1259,1641,1655]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">st</superScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FB608561FAF8F97F" box="[1272,1405,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. b. lapradei</emphasis>
|
||
16
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FA048562FA2CF989" attach="right" box="[1436,1449,1640,1654]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FF1C8589FF42F967" box="[132,199,1667,1688]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FF1C8589FF42F967" box="[132,199,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FF41858AFF63F971" attach="left" box="[217,230,1664,1678]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FE8B8589FE0CF967" box="[275,393,1667,1688]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FE8B8589FE0CF967" box="[275,393,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036866E858FE02858AFE22F971" attach="none" box="[410,423,1664,1678]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">th</superScript>
|
||
. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6866E859FCCA85F1FF30F8EC" blockId="10.[813,1456,1723,1907]" lastBlockId="11.[132,775,1627,1907]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Most species show strait shafts similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FCB58411FB97F8CC" box="[813,1042,1819,1843]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FCB58411FB97F8CC" box="[813,1042,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">Polypterus senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FB1F8411FAA1F8CD" box="[1159,1316,1819,1842]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FB1F8411FAA1F8CD" box="[1159,1316,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FAC08411FCEBF8AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FAC08411FCEBF8AD" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. retropinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which the shaft is slightly curved, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FACD8431FC12F88C" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bichir" subSpecies="katangae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FACD8431FC12F88C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. bichir katangae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FC318451FBC2F88C" box="[937,1095,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. b. lapradei</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86866E858FB1C8451FB72F88C" box="[1156,1271,1883,1907]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weeksii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596866E858FB1C8451FB72F88C" box="[1156,1271,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">P. weeksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which it is strongly curved. From the lateral view, figure 14 shows that there is minute morphological variation of the articular head of spines. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FEAB8591FE43F94D" box="[307,454,1691,1714]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FEAB8591FE43F94D" box="[307,454,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. retropinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stands out because its lateral process is clearly more spread out (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6867E859FD9B85B1FDD6F92C" box="[515,595,1723,1747]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="10.[132,196,1643,1665]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,1015,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-206@10.[179,1408,1015,1626]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 14. – Right lateral view of the articular face of the finlet spine. 7th spine, except Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapradei 16th, P. polli 3th and P. senegalus 6th. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493413/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, it is not a particularly powerful character for discriminating species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EC9DE6C36867E859FF1C8046FE19FBDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493416/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" startId="11.[132,204,844,866]" targetBox="[576,1452,219,1051]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6867E859FF1C8046FE19FBDD" blockId="11.[132,511,844,1058]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Figure 15. – Posterior side of the whole finlet spine showing the peculiarities of the articular head and of the median groove of the shaft. 7
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036867E859FE368098FE3EFC5F" attach="left" box="[430,443,914,928]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">th</superScript>
|
||
spine, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FF5580A6FE51FC3E" box="[205,468,940,961]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FF5580A6FE51FC3E" box="[205,468,940,961]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Erpetoichthys calabaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FF1C80CEFEEFFC26" box="[132,362,964,985]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bichir" subSpecies="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FF1C80CEFEEFFC26" box="[132,362,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Polypterus bichir bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036867E859FEE480C8FE02FC2F" attach="none" box="[380,391,962,976]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">st</superScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FE0B80CFFE7BFC26" box="[403,510,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
P. b.
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FF1C80D6FF24FC0E" box="[132,161,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">lapradei</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
16
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036867E859FF2780D0FF49FC17" attach="none" box="[191,204,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">th</superScript>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FF4F80D7FE9FFC0E" box="[215,282,988,1010]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FF4F80D7FE9FFC0E" box="[215,282,988,1010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036867E859FEB380D0FEBDFC17" attach="left" box="[299,312,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">th</superScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FEFD80D7FE5FFC0E" box="[357,474,988,1010]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FEFD80D7FE5FFC0E" box="[357,474,988,1010]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036867E859FE7380D0FE7DFC17" attach="none" box="[491,504,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">th</superScript>
|
||
. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FEE980FEFE72FBF6" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1865" box="[369,503,1012,1033]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FEE980FEFE72FBF6" box="[369,503,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Erpetoichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1 mm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FF7A8706FE19FBDD" box="[226,412,1036,1058]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FF7A8706FECFFBDE" box="[226,330,1036,1057]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Polypterus</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EC9DE6C36867E859FF1C8501FB92F9C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" startId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" targetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6867E859FF1C8501FB92F9C7" blockId="11.[132,1454,1547,1593]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6867E85EFF328411FD51F88C" blockId="11.[132,775,1627,1907]" lastBlockId="12.[132,776,1787,1907]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
In posterior view, the region surrounding the lepidotrichium branches insertion is quite different among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FF1C8451FEE5F88C" box="[132,352,1883,1907]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FF1C8451FE84F88C" box="[132,257,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Polypterus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6867E859FEE98451FE4CF88C" box="[369,457,1883,1907]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="11.[132,204,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[576,1452,219,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-191@11.[573,1455,215,1052]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 15. – Posterior side of the whole finlet spine showing the peculi- arities of the articular head and of the median groove of the shaft. 7th spine, except Erpetoichthys calabaricus and Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapra- dei 16th, P. polli 3th and P.senegalus 6th. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Erpetoichthys; 1 mm for Polypterus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493416/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). For most of them, like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FCB58551FC31F98C" box="[813,948,1627,1651]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FCB58551FC31F98C" box="[813,948,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the groove is continuous and the bony planes that integrate the branches are almost never fused. When they are fused, they form a pore, which disappears soon after basal bridge development. The opening of the groove is either regular without any constrictions as for the female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FCB585F1FC33F8EC" box="[813,950,1787,1811]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FCB585F1FC33F8EC" box="[813,950,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6867E859FC5E85F1FBAAF8EC" box="[966,1071,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="8.[132,195,1466,1488]" captionTargetBox="[187,742,227,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-631@8.[152,755,215,1449]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 11. – Polypterus senegalus. A: The posterior face of 6th finlet spine from a female on the left and a male on the right, and showing the basal foramen on the articular head, the median groove and a lepidotrichium on the shaft. The symmetrical distal points of the spines correspond to apical odontodes. B-C: The anterior (on the left) and right (on the right) lateral views of the articular head of the spine respectively of a female and a male. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6867E859FBA485F1FBDDF8EC" box="[1084,1112,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="11.[132,204,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[576,1452,219,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-191@11.[573,1455,215,1052]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 15. – Posterior side of the whole finlet spine showing the peculi- arities of the articular head and of the median groove of the shaft. 7th spine, except Erpetoichthys calabaricus and Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapra- dei 16th, P. polli 3th and P.senegalus 6th. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Erpetoichthys; 1 mm for Polypterus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493416/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) or irregular with several constrictions as for the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FBC08411FB37F8CC" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[1112,1202,1819,1843]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FBC08411FB37F8CC" box="[1112,1202,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6867E859FB588411FA8AF8CC" box="[1216,1295,1819,1843]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="11.[132,204,844,866]" captionTargetBox="[576,1452,219,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-191@11.[573,1455,215,1052]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 15. – Posterior side of the whole finlet spine showing the peculi- arities of the articular head and of the median groove of the shaft. 7th spine, except Erpetoichthys calabaricus and Polypterus bichir bichir 1st, P. b. lapra- dei 16th, P. polli 3th and P.senegalus 6th. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Erpetoichthys; 1 mm for Polypterus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493416/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FAD78411FCCBF8AD" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FAD78411FCCBF8AD" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86867E859FC3E8431FBC7F8AD" box="[934,1090,1851,1874]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596867E859FC3E8431FBC7F8AD" box="[934,1090,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the groove is always divided into two unequal parts separated by a bony bridge. For the three subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFEBA85F6FEFAF8EC" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[290,383,1787,1811]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFEBA85F6FEFAF8EC" box="[290,383,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, each bridge closes and forms several depressions from which the three first branches of the lepidotrichium set out. However, the groove does not split between the last secondary branch and the main branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EC9DE6C36860E85EFBB3824DFA10FD9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493420/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" startId="12.[1067,1132,327,349]" targetBox="[135,1036,219,603]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6860E85EFBB3824DFA10FD9A" blockId="12.[1067,1446,327,613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figure 17. – Basal view of the articular head of the finlet spines, showing the glenoid cavity and the processes. The posterior and anterior sides are respectively lower and upper. The basal surface of the articular head can be inserted either in a rectangular frame (
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBAC82E5FA9AFDFB" box="[1076,1311,495,516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFBAC82E5FB27FDFB" box="[1076,1186,495,516]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polypterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
b. katangae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFAB682FAFA1AFDFA" box="[1326,1439,496,517]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFAB682FAFA1AFDFA" box="[1326,1439,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBB38102FB36FDE3" box="[1067,1203,519,541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. b. lapradei</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFB5A8102FAD0FDE2" box="[1218,1365,520,541]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFB5A8102FAD0FDE2" box="[1218,1365,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFAFC8102FBD0FDCA" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFAFC8102FBD0FDCA" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. palmas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFBF0812AFB33FDCB" box="[1128,1206,543,565]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBF0812AFB33FDCB" box="[1128,1206,543,565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFB52812AFAABFDCB" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[1226,1326,543,565]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weeksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFB52812AFAABFDCB" box="[1226,1326,543,565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. weeksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a square frame (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFBEA8132FB70FDB2" box="[1138,1269,568,589]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBEA8132FB70FDB2" box="[1138,1269,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. retropinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or a round frame (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFBAB8145FB3DFD9B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1865" box="[1075,1208,591,612]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBAB8145FB3DFD9B" box="[1075,1208,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Erpetoichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6860E85EFCCA818DFC67FBFA" blockId="12.[813,1456,647,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
At first glance, the number of lepidotrichium has no limited factor other than the height of the spine. But for the adult fishes, this number seems to reach a limit between three and five; we observed
|
||
<specimenCount id="AEE47DC26860E85EFBCD81E3FB62FCFE" box="[1109,1255,745,769]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFA9181E3FCF6FCDE" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFA9181E3FCF6FCDE" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Polypterus senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7F1A1BAE6860E85EFC188003FC5DFCDE" box="[896,984,777,801]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="274.0">274 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL) with six branches. The formation of the branches, as drawn by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6860E85EFBBD8020FB34FCBD" author="DAGET J." box="[1061,1201,810,834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" refId="ref12620" refString="DAGET J., 1950. - Revision des affinites phylogenetiques des Polypterides. Mem. IFAN, 11: 178 p. Dakar." type="book" year="1950">Daget (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 50), is erroneous – the median case does not exist; for all the finlets the spine is already completely formed with its unique lepidotrichium. The secondary branches form later from the primary lepidotrichium. However, we do confirm
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6860E85EFB2780A6FA07FC3B" author="SEWERTZOFF A. N." box="[1215,1410,940,964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" pagination="551 - 580" refId="ref15100" refString="SEWERTZOFF A. N., 1924. - The development of the dorsal fin of Polypterus delhesi. J. Morphol., 38: 551 - 580. DOI: 10.1002 / jmor. 1050380405" type="journal article" year="1924">Sewertzoff (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6860E85EFCB580C7FC3BFC1B" author="DAGET J." box="[813,958,972,997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" refId="ref12620" refString="DAGET J., 1950. - Revision des affinites phylogenetiques des Polypterides. Mem. IFAN, 11: 178 p. Dakar." type="book" year="1950">Daget (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observations that the secondary branches are never bifurcated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6860E85EFCCA8707FA9CF9F2" blockId="12.[813,1456,647,1907]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The square outline of the articular head of the most anterior finlet has been observed for all species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFAA48724FC0CFB99" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFAA48724FC0CFB99" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Polypterus ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFC0D8745FBB1FB99" box="[917,1076,1102,1126]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bichir" subSpecies="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFC0D8745FBB1FB99" box="[917,1076,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. bichir bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFBF48745FB74FB99" box="[1132,1265,1102,1126]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="endlicheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBF48745FB74FB99" box="[1132,1265,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. endlicheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6860E85EFB678744FACBFB99" box="[1279,1358,1102,1126]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Indeed, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFCCB877AFC4EFB78" box="[851,971,1136,1159]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFCCB877AFC4EFB78" box="[851,971,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a deletion of the lateral processes and a gap between the basal processes give the articular head a triangular shaped outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6860E85EFC6187BAFBCCFB37" box="[1017,1097,1200,1224]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFBE187BBFB6BFB37" box="[1145,1262,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
P. b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFB3687BAFB6BFB37" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[1198,1262,1200,1224]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">bichir</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFABA87BBFA2AFB37" box="[1314,1455,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFABA87BBFA29FB37" box="[1314,1452,1200,1224]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="endlicheri">P. endlicheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the articular head is trapezoidal because the lateral processes are less developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6860E85EFB9C87FBFBD3FAF6" box="[1028,1110,1265,1289]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly, even though the articular head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFC798618FBA9FAD6" box="[993,1068,1297,1321]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFC798618FBA9FAD6" box="[993,1068,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is square, it differs in that the posterior and the basal processes are fused and the lateral processes are slightly developed; then its articular head appears soft and rounded, which resembles the rounded articular head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFCB5869EFC47FA53" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1865" box="[813,962,1428,1452]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFCB5869EFC47FA53" box="[813,962,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Erpetoichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6860E85EFC48869EFBA5FA53" box="[976,1056,1428,1452]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). In spite of the morphological variation noted among the whole set of finlet spines, we observed that in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFC0086DFFB89FA12" box="[920,1036,1493,1517]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFC0086DFFB89FA12" box="[920,1036,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Polypterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFB1686DFFA80FA13" box="[1166,1285,1493,1516]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFB1686DFFA80FA13" box="[1166,1285,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to a lack of samples) the articular head shape is preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6860E85FFCCA851CFED8FEEE" blockId="12.[813,1456,647,1907]" lastBlockId="13.[132,776,217,1297]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFCF7851CFBDAF9D2" box="[879,1119,1558,1582]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFCF7851CFBDAF9D2" box="[879,1119,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Polypterus retropinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral processes are located in a more posterior position, far outside the posterior margin of the shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6860E85EFC46855DFBABF990" box="[990,1070,1623,1647]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lower-posterior margin of the articular head may be round or concave in its median region depending on whether the basal and posterior processes have merged or not. A round and clean margin (almost straight) is often seen for the first spines of most of the adult species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFCE185F0FC75F8EE" box="[889,1008,1786,1809]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFCE185F0FC75F8EE" box="[889,1008,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFC6485F0FB3BF8EE" box="[1020,1214,1785,1809]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bichir" subSpecies="katangae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFC6485F0FB3BF8EE" box="[1020,1214,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. bichir katangae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to a certain extent for
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFCC98411FC5BF8CD" box="[849,990,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. b. lapradei</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFC738411FBDBF8CD" box="[1003,1118,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
P. b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFB868410FBDBF8CD" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[1054,1118,1818,1842]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">bichir</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFB178411FAAFF8CD" box="[1167,1322,1819,1842]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFB178411FAAFF8CD" box="[1167,1322,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6860E85EFAA08410FA02F8CD" box="[1336,1415,1818,1842]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="11.[132,195,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,1098,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-264@11.[175,1413,1097,1530]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 16. – Posterior view of the articular heads. The geometrical schematic figures (triangle, square, trapezium, circle) circumscribe the various processes improving the diagnostic characters of the articular head. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493418/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFCB58431FC26F8AD" box="[813,931,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
P. b.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFCFA8430FC26F8AD" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[866,931,1850,1874]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">bichir</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the first spine shows a straight margin, whereas the ultimate finlet spine is strongly concave. However, for the other species, the developmental stage of the spine does not seem influential.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EC9DE6C36860E85EFF1C8541FD52F927" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10493422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493422/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" startId="12.[132,198,1611,1633]" targetBox="[138,772,648,1586]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6860E85EFF1C8541FD52F927" blockId="12.[132,775,1609,1753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figure 18. – Ground sections of the 1
|
||
<superScript id="4F971B036860E85EFD9C8543FD95F9A8" attach="left" box="[516,528,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">st</superScript>
|
||
spine at the level of the foramen (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86860E85EFEDF8569FE57F987" box="[327,466,1635,1656]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596860E85EFEDF8569FE57F987" box="[327,466,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">E. calabaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), showing the general histological organization of the spines, specially the ganoine patches and the vascular canals (in black). The foramen merges with the medular canal in the centre of the spine. The posterior and anterior sides of the spine are respectively lower and upper. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6861E85FFF328213FE9CFE0E" blockId="13.[132,776,217,1297]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The basal surface of the articular head of finlet spines can also be registered in a typical geometrical shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6861E85FFD3F8233FD7FFEAE" box="[679,762,313,337]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="12.[1067,1132,327,349]" captionTargetBox="[135,1036,219,603]" captionTargetId="figure-466@12.[132,1039,215,607]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 17. – Basal view of the articular head of the finlet spines, showing the glenoid cavity and the processes. The posterior and anterior sides are respectively lower and upper. The basal surface of the articular head can be inserted either in a rectangular frame (Polypterus b. katangae, P. ansorgei, P. b. lapradei, P. ornatipinnis, P. palmas, P. polli, P. weeksi), a square frame (P. retropinnis) or a round frame (Erpetoichthys). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493420/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFF1C8250FF10FE8E" box="[132,149,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">i)</emphasis>
|
||
rectangular (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFEB48250FE2DFE8E" box="[300,424,346,369]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ansorgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFEB48250FE2DFE8E" box="[300,424,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. ansorgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFE208250FD92FE8E" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[440,535,345,369]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bichir">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFE208250FD92FE8E" box="[440,535,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. bichir</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFDBE8250FD14FE8E" box="[550,657,345,369]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delhezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFDBE8250FD14FE8E" box="[550,657,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. delhezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not illustrated),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFF418270FEECFE6E" box="[217,361,378,401]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retropinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFF418270FEECFE6E" box="[217,361,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. retropinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFEE08270FE15FE6E" box="[376,400,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ii)</emphasis>
|
||
square:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFE738270FD0FFE6E" box="[491,650,378,401]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatipinnis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFE738270FD0FFE6E" box="[491,650,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. ornatipinnis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFD008270FC85FE6E" box="[664,768,377,401]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmas">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFD008270FC85FE6E" box="[664,768,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. palmas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFF1C8290FF60FE4E" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[132,229,409,433]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weeksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFF1C8290FF60FE4E" box="[132,229,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. weeksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFF6C8290FE96FE4E" box="[244,275,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">iii)</emphasis>
|
||
round:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFEFE8290FE34FE4E" box="[358,433,409,433]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFEFE8290FE34FE4E" box="[358,433,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">P. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFE7D8290FD04FE4E" box="[485,641,409,433]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Erpetoichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calabaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFE7D8290FD04FE4E" box="[485,641,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">E. calabaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These various shapes are the result of the differential development of the processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B85DB64B6861E85FFF3282F3FD1CFAEE" blockId="13.[132,776,217,1297]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
The histological comparative study of the spiny ray ground cross-sections does not show any specific histological characteristics (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6861E85FFECD8133FE23FDAE" box="[341,422,569,593]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="12.[132,198,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox="[138,772,648,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-560@12.[132,775,645,1594]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 18. – Ground sections of the 1st spine at the level of the foramen (except for E. calabaricus), showing the general histological organization of the spines, specially the ganoine patches and the vascular canals (in black). The foramen merges with the medular canal in the centre of the spine. The posterior and anterior sides of the spine are respectively lower and upper. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493422/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are all built on the model of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FE2CDC86861E85FFF3B8153FDCEFD8E" authority="(Meunier, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Meunier" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[163,587,601,625]" family="Polypteridae" genus="Polypterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polypteriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A966A596861E85FFF3B8153FE08FD8E" box="[163,397,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Polypterus senegalus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6861E85FFE048153FDC1FD8E" author="MEUNIER F. J." box="[412,580,601,625]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="279 - 295" refId="ref14275" refString="MEUNIER F. J., 1980. - Recherches histologiques sur le squelette dermique des Polypteridae. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 121: 279 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Meunier, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are minor differences, which seem to be more correlated to the height of the spine than to a species diagnosis. The lower part of the spine is organized around the medullar cavity, from which the vascular canals set out and form an extended network. The spine is bordered at its lateral and posterior margin by dentine tissue and/or bone tissue, depending on whether it is close to the articular head or not. While we move away from the base of the spine, the medullar cavity disappears where the branches of the lepidotrichium set out. There is no longer any bony tissue, except for the bone from the inserted hemi-segments of the lepidotrichium; the composition of the spine shaft is reduced to dentine and ganoine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6861E85FFD3680D3FD7BFC0E" box="[686,766,985,1009]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="12.[132,198,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox="[138,772,648,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-560@12.[132,775,645,1594]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 18. – Ground sections of the 1st spine at the level of the foramen (except for E. calabaricus), showing the general histological organization of the spines, specially the ganoine patches and the vascular canals (in black). The foramen merges with the medular canal in the centre of the spine. The posterior and anterior sides of the spine are respectively lower and upper. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493422/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6861E85FFF1480F3FEB7FBEE" author="MEUNIER F. J." box="[140,306,1017,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="279 - 295" refId="ref14275" refString="MEUNIER F. J., 1980. - Recherches histologiques sur le squelette dermique des Polypteridae. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 121: 279 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Meunier, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6861E85FFEA780F3FE58FBEE" author="MEINKE D. K." box="[319,477,1017,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="355 - 382" refId="ref14221" refString="MEINKE D. K., 1982. - A light and scanning electron microscope study of microstructure, growth and development of the dermal skeleton of Polypterus (Pisces: Actiniopterygii). J. Zool. Lond., 197: 355 - 382. DOI: 10.1111 / jzo. 1982.197.3.355" type="journal article" year="1982">Meinke, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anterior area is composed of dentine with ganoine patches. These patches are in fact fused odontodes with few dispersed bony elements clustered around osteocytes. Thus, this part of the spine can be considered to be composed of osteodentin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6861E85FFDCA8772FD5CFB6E" author="ORVIG T." box="[594,729,1144,1169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="45 - 110" refId="ref14610" refString="ORVIG T., 1967. - Phylogeny of tooth tissues: evolution of some calcified tissues in early Vertebrates. In: Structural and Chemical Organization of Teeth (Miles A. E. W., ed.), Vol. I, pp. 45 - 110. Academic Press." type="book chapter" year="1967">Ørvig, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As one moves to the surface of the spine, the ganoine patches are more and more developed and closer to each other; they can even fuse, especially in larger individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="20D9AACE6861E85FFDE587D3FD49FB0E" box="[637,716,1241,1265]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="12.[132,198,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox="[138,772,648,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-560@12.[132,775,645,1594]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 18. – Ground sections of the 1st spine at the level of the foramen (except for E. calabaricus), showing the general histological organization of the spines, specially the ganoine patches and the vascular canals (in black). The foramen merges with the medular canal in the centre of the spine. The posterior and anterior sides of the spine are respectively lower and upper. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10493422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10493422/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), and form the so-called odonto-complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC73CBBA6861E85FFD9F87F2FD09FAEE" author="ORVIG T." box="[519,652,1272,1297]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" pagination="53 - 75" refId="ref14665" refString="ORVIG T., 1977. - A survey of odontodes (' dermal teeth') from development structural, functional, and phyletic point of view. In: Problems in Vertebrate evolution (Andrews E. D., Miles R. S. & Walker A. D., eds). Linn. Soc. Symp. Ser., 4: 53 - 75. London, Academic Press." type="journal article" year="1977">Ørvig, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |