treatments-xml/data/29/B0/96/29B096A6879643F4AFC2ED15A05341AE.xml

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<mods:title id="AB7E1E0E7DF2EDEF5845CE0FB006B929">South American Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): II. Redescription of Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD3DAF63048A9CDAF2C0E1255843AA5A">Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="29B096A6879643F4AFC2ED15A05341AE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159292935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:29B096A6879643F4AFC2ED15A05341AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/29B096A6879643F4AFC2ED15A05341AE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" scope_family="Chrysopidae" scope_order="Neuroptera">
<subSubSection id="6AE50108E7F9125FA00D2365DA578529" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="19A26CFB24B46D4347CE3162813F5BD4" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="09D0FDE39AFFA5BE900C3CC8B984F891" ID-CoL="3TM7J" LSID="29b096a6-8796-43f4-afc2-ed15a05341ae" authority="Adams &amp; Penny, 1992" authorityName="Adams &amp; Penny" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny, 1992</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7042A59335557CCA222729581B9D55B4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="26F9930E2A0391C5853C483C584B3AA2" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (a) forewing (b) hindwing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="175E164885A43E8CF4D18A936373BE4C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Head and prothorax (a) head and prothorax, dorsal view (b) head, frontal view (c) head and anterior of prothorax, lateral view (d) head, posterolateral view. c cardo gal galea lig ligula lp labial palpus man mandible mp maxilary palpus st stipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319526" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C408DF39D8606986B6B47891EE2D9BFB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Antenna and specimen labels (a) left scape, pedicel, dorsal torulus, tip of vertex, dorsal view (b) right scape, ventral view (c) pedicel, basal flagellar segments, dorsal view (d) distal flagellar segments, dorsal view (e) specimen labels. Scale between (a) and (b) applies to both (a) and (b); scale between (c) and (d) applies to both (c) and (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319527" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="869F21274C44642EA6132E62FCC3788B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Thorax (a) thorax and most of abdomen, lateral view (b) mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view (c) mesoscutellum, metathorax, dorsal view (d) connection between mesoscutellum, metascutum (e, f, g) metatarsus, ventrolateral, ventral, lateral views, respectively. In (d), the lower arrow indicates the flat surface of the metascutum and its anterior quadrate protrusion; the upper arrow indicates the lobate lateral expansions of the mesoscutellum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319528" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0B197253E428E67280EE4B3D38129FE1" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6C0E9D97CB2318707CA09541F935C4EC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Body and abdomen, external (a) body, dorsal view (b) abdomen, dorsal view (c, d) terminal abdominal segments, left and right, respectively, lateral views. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct S 7 seventh sternite T 7, T 8 seventh, eighth tergites T 9 d dorsal section of large ninth tergite hidden beneath T 8 T 9 v expanded ventral section of large ninth tergite encapsulating gonapophyses laterales." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319530" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E00BED0E44FBA5388B7636611641EAA8" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, cleared (a) abdominal integument dissected, segments A 5 - A 7 with dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces in view, A 8 with dorsal and lateral surfaces in view, A 9, ectoproct in lateral view (b) segments A 5 - terminus, lateral view (c) abdominal integument, dorsal (T 6 - T 7) and ventral (S 5 - S 6) (d) callus cerci (e) terminal abdominal segments, ventral view (f) terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophyses laterales sg subgenitale sr spiracle S 5, S 6, S 7 fifth, sixth, and seventh sternites T 6, T 7, T 8, T 9 sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319531" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="77E46DB1BF995695D33E123BEFEFF61D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6E03ABF9857AB9C4D4DDB50240506966" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Contents of Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny abdomen (after clearing with KOH) (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Pollen and parasitoids. (a, b) pollen from gut (c, d) two of five robust parasitoid larvae from abdominal cavity (e, f) probably exuviae (two of five) from previous parasitoid instar. Scale on (c) applies to (c, d, e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319533" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9300AB6AE961F3A10AA05A22DC40E5B3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3AED996A37746B4FD4D1169EEEAE00DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Material studied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98099A984D1334F9325EBF1A82452EF1" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">
A single female specimen was found during a visit to the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA). Subsequent searches by L. A. Stange did not yield additional examples. The labels (all white) on the specimen read: [1] &quot;PERU: Amazonas Dept / Huembo Lodge, Km / 315 on N5, 18-21-X- / 2012, 2078 m, JE Eger&quot;; [2] &quot; 
<geoCoordinate id="F071107E2BCE271606CDCD4FE47FAF1B" degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.1" value="-5.8578053">05°51'28.1S</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="946A8ECBA5989D4B6072404C684C1E60" degrees="077" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="04.8" value="-77.984665">077°59'04.8W</geoCoordinate>
/ MV &amp; UV Light&quot;; [3] &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="44866A07E5BE5AD44320A3F5A1C6225C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="AC5524EC77E94156A5EC5497CFD440B0" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Adams &amp; Penny, det. / C. A. Tauber 2019&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="264CBD6926836A479965B8808566242E" pageId="1" pageNumber="20">The specimen is well preserved, and its wings are spread. After imaging, the abdomen was cleared for study; it is held in a microvial containing glycerin, attached to the pin. During clearing, several parasitoid larvae were discovered in the abdominal cavity. They were removed, imaged, and preserved in a separate genitalia vial with glycerin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDBA7267BCAEDB9E7C89D36CC92B28FB" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
<pageBreakToken id="1142A570F6101E922C1B361662621F6E" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" start="start">For</pageBreakToken>
comparison, I examined the 
<taxonomicName id="1DB0669C823437D708595146873FED34" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="5129D91E40B741A28CAB6D11253E1E4C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype, which also was collected in the Peruvian region of Amazonas. The type locality is: &quot;PERU. DEPT. AMAZONAS: 18 km N of Puente Engenio, km 320, alt 1750 m, 9 Oct. 1964, P. C. Hutchinson &amp; J. K. Wright, collected on 
<taxonomicName id="7F66B1FBE1E02C8C31FB6F1069D2DF6D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis latifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
<emphasis id="AFAC5548B46BFB20EDFBC3149063FE6C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
#6380&quot;. As noted above, the abdomen of this specimen is in poor condition, and the body and wings are discolored by the intrusion of dark mycelia. However, the wings and external structure of the specimen are well preserved; the gut contents and cleared abdomen are held in separate vials in the unit tray holding the specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2FE865AEAE91D72E1AA21BD04DE1F53B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" type="classification – subfamily">
<paragraph id="C2B7B4F584946C4533A8130B7200D569" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">Classification - subfamily.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0922E1F7CE5BEDC4E1A2EB5A3B6F43F9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="21">
The holotype and the specimen described here exhibit the following diagnostic features of adult 
<taxonomicName id="815C0131F42066B1ABAC4AF2B44E37B2" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
(cf.: 
<bibRefCitation id="E38B2D33EFBFE4820B255BA37B5530E2" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" refId="B12">Tjeder 1966</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="2760F03213252EB2470BB23533FE180A" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="21" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Dictyochrysinae">Dictyochrysinae</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9F03436E2B49B81149E8F3C5A07303DE" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="215 - 238" refId="B1" refString="Adams, PA, 1967. A review of the Mesochrysinae and Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 215 - 238" title="A review of the Mesochrysinae and Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="135" year="1967">Adams 1967</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9CACE4DB8D75B4A2D8DF30CA1E4A0AF6" author="Brooks, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="117 - 286" refId="B7" refString="Brooks, SJ, Barnard, PC, 1990. The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). . Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology 59: 117 - 286" title="The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="59" year="1990">Brooks and Barnard 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D0DC5F691A5B16344092679FBC64BF25" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1" author="Makarkin, VN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="123 - 146" refId="B8" refString="Makarkin, VN, Archibald, SB, 2013. A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. . Journal of Paleontology 87: 123 - 146" title="A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1" volume="87" year="2013">Makarkin and Archibald 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="19AF0FA73E517DAF0D6D5BFB76888149" author="Breitkreuz, LCV" journalOrPublisher="PhD Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" refId="B5" refString="Breitkreuz, LCV, 2018. Systematics and evolution of the family Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with an emphasis on their morphology. . PhD Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence" title="Systematics and evolution of the family Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with an emphasis on their morphology." year="2018">Breitkreuz 2018</bibRefCitation>
): (i) wing-coupling mechanism consisting of a large jugal lobe on 
<pageBreakToken id="D6A74EB160588A35C6F7D3822D72AFC4" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
forewing and a frenulum on the hindwing (
<figureCitation id="86BC698491234D41C4DC5B5C2A81C7B0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="DA5EBBD4A3E9621848A1B722C88B4101" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (a) forewing (b) hindwing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="559E38B161953F56AD6964CA2E76FB89" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">6</figureCitation>
); (ii) base of the forewing without tympanal organ (
<figureCitation id="01A1CBB8018EB78194FF93470B5D223C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); (iii) forewing (and hindwing) with stem of the media (M) extending basally adjacent to the radius (R), not fused with it (see 
<figureCitation id="9BD0835FAFA286B62ED1F5F68B2C4E61" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="A4A459B5E26EE69A5B58B3604958434D" author="Breitkreuz, LCV" journalOrPublisher="PhD Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" refId="B5" refString="Breitkreuz, LCV, 2018. Systematics and evolution of the family Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with an emphasis on their morphology. . PhD Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence" title="Systematics and evolution of the family Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with an emphasis on their morphology." year="2018">Breitkreuz 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 640); (iv) pseudomedia (Psm) merging (or appearing to merge) with inner gradates (not outer gradates) (
<figureCitation id="23486D4D64A2F9965F3D7AB87057448E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (a) forewing (b) hindwing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E3C486C3538FF812EF25E888DB3C2654" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">6</figureCitation>
); (v) pseudocubitus (Psc) merging with outer series of gradates (
<figureCitation id="1B3B2C05319D5114F31CE2D8B31A284F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (a) forewing (b) hindwing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="26980995E97F46A308D4D24822EF89ED" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">6</figureCitation>
); (vi) forewing with subcostal crossvein present in basal section of wing (
<figureCitation id="F15C3A5467E62B2B84C5BE8052367948" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 1 
<normalizedToken id="95164FC6BA4C9A85CFBF4D53BE5AE403" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
); (vii) flagellomeres with five or six whorls of setae (
<figureCitation id="4437F6F8B27E66997AA48A9868A2ED40" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Antenna and specimen labels (a) left scape, pedicel, dorsal torulus, tip of vertex, dorsal view (b) right scape, ventral view (c) pedicel, basal flagellar segments, dorsal view (d) distal flagellar segments, dorsal view (e) specimen labels. Scale between (a) and (b) applies to both (a) and (b); scale between (c) and (d) applies to both (c) and (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319527" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4c, d</figureCitation>
). However, as discussed later, the assignment of this species to 
<taxonomicName id="E27CAB1F27B876B171B25C7CC61AFCA2" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
is an &quot;uncomfortable fit&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="2151E0FF7AA75B79531979F0861F3A39" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1" author="Makarkin, VN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="123 - 146" refId="B8" refString="Makarkin, VN, Archibald, SB, 2013. A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. . Journal of Paleontology 87: 123 - 146" title="A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1" volume="87" year="2013">Makarkin and Archibald 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 125).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2F19DC572FAA474724AFF01977B91035" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="0D0316280141A7A04F83ADC5220F8CF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName id="7554735BDAB7430D91EA2335C9724060" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="19A9487859D33FDE85D4E9F7B6B24C4A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (
<emphasis id="43CFBC44AF43228C7DA71D7D2190E920" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
) left forewing, (
<emphasis id="0CB908334699EB346F66F9EB15986086" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">b</emphasis>
) right forewing, (
<emphasis id="27C6DB2C814B28C954ABA9A2908136AF" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">c</emphasis>
) left forewing, labeled, (
<emphasis id="52295594595258E208F8A76E69699DA8" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">d</emphasis>
) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (
<emphasis id="6C3234254216A4384558A1A9F31CCCFB" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
) and (
<emphasis id="D693BEB88B6960450BA13BC90B2E713F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">d</emphasis>
), and the short break at the base of a2-a3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. 
<emphasis id="E9E624DCBF07790AB083965970246455" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">A1, A2, A3</emphasis>
first through third anal veins 
<emphasis id="A17D8967A1A313F7BD51FE4E27981F3B" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">a2-a3</emphasis>
crossvein between A2 and A3 
<emphasis id="D2713DDAC066FCF5229864C7FD66968D" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
costa 
<emphasis id="87F4EEB5B407AE987476802C64DD72A8" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Cu</emphasis>
cubitus 
<emphasis id="5DEEC1A68254067229AEB7B544EFD46E" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">1c-sc</emphasis>
first crossvein between the costa and subcosta 
<emphasis id="F2D6A6A5C74FF68C16903A51786C17B1" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fr</emphasis>
frenulum 
<emphasis id="C9D75CEA8EBFC5029C95E1F60B3B4442" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">icu1</emphasis>
first intracubital cell 
<emphasis id="28D997917851E26FD2EC91D396660956" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">J</emphasis>
jugal vein (forewing only) 
<emphasis id="F97F7DFA2294786FCB76243D8D5A27E7" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Ju</emphasis>
jugal lobe 
<emphasis id="83A37EEAF6636D0E4E32DD689662747A" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
media 
<emphasis id="31170EC64682F9D695C2B79416E8B914" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">1m-cua</emphasis>
first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch 
<emphasis id="CAB708CCE1F00B0053D528080E269D82" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">R</emphasis>
radius 
<emphasis id="2863BB4A3D173E090E2A351A79803AE0" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Sc</emphasis>
subcosta 
<emphasis id="1940AFB79386F674F84A609FBDE0E5CA" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">sc-r</emphasis>
basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1D40EFB52B3459A7031947BB5F12202D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="C8E3C7F3223A42EE1B1919168E2AE3BA" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
Figure 2. 
<taxonomicName id="D68E0DB80394EB80D3F2F6B17C363741" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="EC4D49F4701C80A4CE7B427357ECB605" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (
<emphasis id="262AF911C2CFB6A63C236A95B1D3E965" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
) forewing (
<emphasis id="C41AFE20D36997A924B728851DA1E8A0" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">b</emphasis>
) hindwing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60E30F245BF52FFC42D83723BAB1F1EA" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="classification – genus and species">
<paragraph id="C7B2460172D09599086AF98C8E35ECA5" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Classification - genus and species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E5455FB6087F7BD5890240D124DCBFF6" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
This 
<normalizedToken id="06221A3106080FFE141B887537367AF3" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
dark, mottled coloration, distinctive wing shape, and compressed venation make it highly recognizable among the 
<taxonomicName id="7162A12AAD997FD60ADC3916F65B9AA1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
. Except in coloration (because of the fungal contamination in the holotype), the specimen reported here conforms completely to the generic description by 
<bibRefCitation id="E9DFF27073D128333390ADF8344010DB" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="216 - 221" refId="B3" refString="Adams, PA, Penny, ND, 1992b. New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). . Pan-Pacific Entomologist 68: 216 - 221" title="New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="68" year="1992 b">Adams and Penny (1992b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="618B012F3EE0B996EB6139B74956AFD5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="FF14865DC8A91A9E959F21B058D88F33" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A3A70784ED484AC9CC971C3305BBC46" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
Head (
<figureCitation id="BA7E2941D08D0FA6B6C867AD043E731B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Head and prothorax (a) head and prothorax, dorsal view (b) head, frontal view (c) head and anterior of prothorax, lateral view (d) head, posterolateral view. c cardo gal galea lig ligula lp labial palpus man mandible mp maxilary palpus st stipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319526" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="35C9B1462C4A0F28E030575BD87EEA82" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Antenna and specimen labels (a) left scape, pedicel, dorsal torulus, tip of vertex, dorsal view (b) right scape, ventral view (c) pedicel, basal flagellar segments, dorsal view (d) distal flagellar segments, dorsal view (e) specimen labels. Scale between (a) and (b) applies to both (a) and (b); scale between (c) and (d) applies to both (c) and (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319527" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">4</figureCitation>
). Width 2.1 mm (including eyes); ratio of head width to eye width = 2.8: 1. Vertex slightly raised, round anteriorly, without prominent posterior fold, surface rugose, pilose, with setae small, pale. Distance between scapes 0.26 mm; distance between tentorial pits 0.65 mm; length of frontal region (midway between scapes to midway between tentorial pits) 0.56 mm. Frons rounded laterally, well delineated, extending caudally between antennae, appearing to terminate in an acute apex at anterior margin of vertex; interantennal surface sculptured longitudinally, with longitudinal crease mesally, small rounded ridges fanning out from between scapes below frontal toruli; anterior section with weak transverse striation. Gena 
<pageBreakToken id="6950A0CB9555C8831575CE31CC0C69BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
frontal view, 
<figureCitation id="EB5F7EB370D2D5E27778E9CD3D87DEE1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Head and prothorax (a) head and prothorax, dorsal view (b) head, frontal view (c) head and anterior of prothorax, lateral view (d) head, posterolateral view. c cardo gal galea lig ligula lp labial palpus man mandible mp maxilary palpus st stipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319526" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
) appearing as rounded lobe from lateral base of scape to midsection of clypeus; tentorial pits on dorsal margin, near medial tip of lobe; insertion of mandibular base distinct, extending along full genal width. Clypeus relatively narrow basally, broader in center, narrowing distally; dorsal margin convex, lateral margins rounded, frontal margin straight; surface sculptured with transverse ridges except distally where ridges reduced, longitudinal. Frons, gena, base of clypeus rugose, without setae; distal part of clypeus, margins of mandibles with short to medium-length setae. Labrum narrower than clypeal margin, without ridges; dorsal surface somewhat sculptured; distal margin bilobed, with numerous long setae, especially on margin. Palpi elongate, tapered; venter of head with large, well-sclerotized cardo, stipes, narrow, elongate galea with conspicuous papilla; ligula elongate. Antenna length unknown (flagella broken); scape considerably longer than wide (length 0.57 mm, width 0.35 mm), with slight lateral bend; lateral margin slightly concave, mesal margin convex, surface with short setae throughout; pedicel length 0.23 mm, width 0.18 mm, with numer 
<pageBreakToken id="23A1742F56BCA2C8ECEFBEB54C39CA34" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" start="start">ous</pageBreakToken>
short setae; flagellum with basal flagellomere distinct, somewhat elongate (length 0.18 mm, width 0.15 mm), midantennal flagellomeres about as long as broad (length 0.13-0.14 mm, width 0.13-0.14 mm); basal flagellomere with six whorls of brown setae extending distally, second to fifth flagellomeres each with four whorls of brown setae extending distally; sixth to distal flagellomeres each with five whorls of brown setae; all flagellomeres each with two elongate setae extending laterally from distal whorl. Flagellar setae in whorls stouter, longer than setae on vertex.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D9EB387C3DF779EEAD4A159412BDCD27" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319526" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="11E47B4CACCC0C37AE4C994A81A32F5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
Figure 3. 
<taxonomicName id="3163BC463693AE36B792BF78CF1339A0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="7E689EB2D14F4A867F34CCFABCB65C12" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Head and prothorax (
<emphasis id="DB0CED592779C55B20FBAD4230EF1C50" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">a</emphasis>
) head and prothorax, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="32CA252289811821930737F27F23DD0A" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">b</emphasis>
) head, frontal view (
<emphasis id="60B04F74BB060CA9A1CC0D6853823AB9" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">c</emphasis>
) head and anterior of prothorax, lateral view (
<emphasis id="9F408C6D409A1C3A098AC9A255E13A4C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">d</emphasis>
) head, posterolateral view. 
<emphasis id="069612789127183D78E89C4C812C6A85" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">c</emphasis>
cardo 
<emphasis id="C8B4BDAEC43032C537C19B79224652EF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">gal</emphasis>
galea 
<emphasis id="510E7E1D9393703655B06DBA96F8CC76" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">lig</emphasis>
ligula 
<emphasis id="A05725F599D41314D965EC9ED5D3F4A9" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">lp</emphasis>
labial palpus 
<emphasis id="7D9B5896F5EED2EBA9B8A08E0827AC99" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">man</emphasis>
mandible 
<emphasis id="55949B82BD9EEF6E29883717BEF5D460" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">mp</emphasis>
maxilary palpus 
<emphasis id="E146CA36E73F70A5BF5654908BE3B44A" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">st</emphasis>
stipes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ECE56DE494202552C1A9622B073B44A7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319527" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="D7F1BA12E46330678134395F8BEA4537" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
Figure 4. 
<taxonomicName id="C4A723A42B7B7DAE72E1364BD4497D5F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="A7A72F1EBD5C36B669C1CDC532845545" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Antenna and specimen labels (
<emphasis id="E33FD82FC9D280C569A674B20765E49E" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">a</emphasis>
) left scape, pedicel, dorsal torulus, tip of vertex, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="A91E8887F21D96A51ADCCA8F3EDFC000" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">b</emphasis>
) right scape, ventral view (
<emphasis id="2B94607ACEB2350DB87E0F7B03180E6C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">c</emphasis>
) pedicel, basal flagellar segments, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="7BAA816E914C89823FED8BFF9FE31626" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">d</emphasis>
) distal flagellar segments, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="ACFBB9C9367AAD923C89AF7C8B674CBD" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">e</emphasis>
) specimen labels. Scale between (
<emphasis id="717A6979879EB2BFBA7AB882ED4151E3" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">a</emphasis>
) and (
<emphasis id="8186D65CE97CB887CA45658D7EB894EC" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">b</emphasis>
) applies to both (
<emphasis id="693AB1912043DD974E228F2A0CE795EF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">a</emphasis>
) and (
<emphasis id="940ECEAD72231D210A17CC7525F2F38F" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">b</emphasis>
); scale between (
<emphasis id="AFAB4DCFD15D694D2FD6830BBA3CB662" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">c</emphasis>
) and (
<emphasis id="BF10B99BF6E393DEDF61034EBAA68AFF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">d</emphasis>
) applies to both (
<emphasis id="76F6DA1C9670D5EA556D921CFCCDDBB4" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">c</emphasis>
) and (
<emphasis id="BC773D85152F07C4C09280E2EE4DFAD5" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">d</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5EFEB7D76BDADA01F634B516E006CEBE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="66735A6E1D6AA0A580394012F26EB06B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Head coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D7D381A6AE118AEAE8C3816E1042BEBE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Head and prothorax (a) head and prothorax, dorsal view (b) head, frontal view (c) head and anterior of prothorax, lateral view (d) head, posterolateral view. c cardo gal galea lig ligula lp labial palpus man mandible mp maxilary palpus st stipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319526" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Antenna: dorsum, lateral sides of scape cream, with tan spot distolaterally; mesal, ventral sides dark brown; pedicel, cream to light brown with darker brown mesal band; flagellum cream to light brown, with eighth to twelfth segments dark brown; elongate setae, setae in whorls light brown to brown. Vertex dark brown; dorsal torulus golden tan; space between torulus and vertex cream; space 
<pageBreakToken id="DE64491908FED52928404DCEDE83CA5D" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" start="start">between</pageBreakToken>
vertex and eyes, cranial area behind eyes cream to light brown. Frons mostly cream, with dark brown mark along lateral base of scape, below scape along frontal margin of torulus, across dorsum of frons, between scapes, extending in an acute angle to brown mark on vertex; frontal torulus golden brown. Tentorial pits, frons between pits cream; gena cream with light brown mark at base of eye. Exposed lateral surface 
<pageBreakToken id="86226B58BA8CCD1C7F2F7C816AD8E92A" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
mandible dark brown basally, brown to light brown distally. Clypeus cream to light brown, with large, dark brown band across mesal section. Labrum with basal, lateral margins cream to light brown, central and distal areas dark brown. Exposed dorsal section of labium (ligula) cream basally becoming dark brown distally; ventral surface of labium mostly light brown. Maxilla (ventral) mostly light brown, with galea cream, cardo brown, stipes brown distally. Maxillary, labial palpi brown to dark brown, with intersegmental connections cream to light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="930C4351F2A18BE4A291E7C7272370A4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="74EF88EAAC8C2A28E711FD4E7538D906" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Head and prothorax (a) head and prothorax, dorsal view (b) head, frontal view (c) head and anterior of prothorax, lateral view (d) head, posterolateral view. c cardo gal galea lig ligula lp labial palpus man mandible mp maxilary palpus st stipes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319526" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Figs 3a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="2AAC269A0E5243F2C24E6CE3A183570D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Thorax (a) thorax and most of abdomen, lateral view (b) mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view (c) mesoscutellum, metathorax, dorsal view (d) connection between mesoscutellum, metascutum (e, f, g) metatarsus, ventrolateral, ventral, lateral views, respectively. In (d), the lower arrow indicates the flat surface of the metascutum and its anterior quadrate protrusion; the upper arrow indicates the lobate lateral expansions of the mesoscutellum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319528" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">5</figureCitation>
). Cervix brownish, appearing sclerotized or partially so. Dorsal thoracic surface mostly smooth, with waxy coating, golden orange, mottled with large brown markings, bearing fine, pale setae throughout. Pronotum large, appearing well sclerotized, with small transverse depression mesally, slightly broader than long (dorsal view), length 1.2 mm; width 1.5 mm; ratio of length to width = 0.8: 1. Mesothorax, metathorax with surface shiny, smooth, appearing well sclerotized; each segment with dark brown markings. Mesopostscutum with bilobed enlargement on posterior margin; anterior margin of metascutum without raised process on anterodorsal margin, 
<pageBreakToken id="02FDF56310F714714AD85ED5A829FDAD" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
with quadrangular knob on anterior margin extending forward toward bilobed enlargement of mesopostscutum. Legs elongate, slender, cream; each femur, tibia marked with two elongate brown marks, without prominent tibial spurs. Tarsus (ventrolateral side, all legs) with dense, robust, dark brown setae ventrally, more slender setae dorsally; terminus with pair of curved claws laterally, large pad mesally; claw amber, without basal enlargement, acute slender hook terminally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B996F7121B4BC5F541A1B4EF12C1F77B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319528" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="D53AA45EF97CC73EEA6618F0E4234BB2" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
Figure 5. 
<taxonomicName id="22968C6536CCB70180474F19E4629B19" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="58C59D177346D0A7249A3EC7E7011141" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Thorax (
<emphasis id="50010546DF6DCEF1D58828EBE5673453" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">a</emphasis>
) thorax and most of abdomen, lateral view (
<emphasis id="556FC33F43E3B297BD44336BC581938E" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">b</emphasis>
) mesothorax and metathorax, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="C020BC1D469DB63B2629DD356438277E" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">c</emphasis>
) mesoscutellum, metathorax, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="4331EFCC0AE29B6813473CBF3F961F6F" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">d</emphasis>
) connection between mesoscutellum, metascutum (
<emphasis id="C44FE81B08BE641883E7360731C88AC3" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">e, f, g</emphasis>
) metatarsus, ventrolateral, ventral, lateral views, respectively. In (
<emphasis id="413CE01BC0047AACB2906C3B53BF5E5E" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">d</emphasis>
), the lower arrow indicates the flat surface of the metascutum and its anterior quadrate protrusion; the upper arrow indicates the lobate lateral expansions of the mesoscutellum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5691B85A5CC5110E59CB38CEFDCAF1BA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
Wings (
<figureCitation id="C73D206AD86EE99872BAA5543CDFD331" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="707F630151D6EF42492BC252E6269E77" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (a) forewing (b) hindwing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0B1ED0AE5130F0A87624108C2FD1D852" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">6</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="F09567E177B3B53FA73EBB97FBA5E288" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Forewing</emphasis>
: Elongate, narrow, length 20.3 mm, maximum height 4.7 mm; ratio of length: maximum height = 4.3: 1. Membrane transparent, uniformly covered with microtrichia. Trichosors (
<emphasis id="1F80DD80AD1D1764FE81E8E578BF16F8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9084CC1EA833B1B32BB067C507AC28FB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1" author="Makarkin, VN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="123 - 146" refId="B8" refString="Makarkin, VN, Archibald, SB, 2013. A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. . Journal of Paleontology 87: 123 - 146" title="A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1666/12-052R.1" volume="87" year="2013">Makarkin and Archibald 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 140-142) absent. Costal area narrow; tallest costal cell (#5) height 0.9 mm, 1.1 times 
<pageBreakToken id="E1E95E77A9D99C2015706A32092B43EC" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" start="start">width</pageBreakToken>
, 0.19 times height of wing; all costal crossveins simple, four c-sc crossveins before 1sc-r, fourteen c-sc after 1sc-r and before stigma, none within stigma. First sc-r crossvein (1sc-r) robust, angled basally; distal section of Sc extending into and fading within stigma, but not appearing to merge with C or RA; from no to two very faint 
<pageBreakToken id="6C85CECC71B0E838502E4B0412E5295E" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" start="start">sc-ra</pageBreakToken>
crossveins in stigma. Apical costal area (between C and RA) relatively broad apically; RA with ten to eleven anterior branchlets reaching apical region of wing margin. Furcation of R (R 
<emphasis id="9AE3BC2CD539ED825BC9828113377FEE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">f</emphasis>
) distal to 1sc-r crossvein, very much basal to furcation of M (M 
<emphasis id="9BAD9693A27AB70EE0FE2A5F2CF5C3C2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="29">f</emphasis>
). Radial area (between RA and RP) with single row of thirteen closed cells, only one 
<pageBreakToken id="C85FA2FEB726231967A0B215543989A1" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" start="start">ra-rp</pageBreakToken>
anterior to the first branch (RP1) stemming from RP; tallest cell (
<emphasis id="593A5852754B85E33E8CA4A8F53005BB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">rarp2</emphasis>
) height 0.9 mm, 0.9 times width; radial crossveins (ra-rp) straight. Radius with no crossveins to M before R 
<emphasis id="3F801633FE86E0A08E61A0C82DEE070C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">f</emphasis>
; 1rp-ma meeting MA at intramedian cell (
<emphasis id="3EEC76BCDEB5FD92D001E45C6447D865" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">im1</emphasis>
). Media with one m-cu crossvein (therefore two medial cells, 
<emphasis id="9F74BC180F3302431FD50C6E40A8B81D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">mcu1</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="104F1B017B9748E726D2EA7E56FBD763" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">mcu2</emphasis>
) basal to 
<emphasis id="953DE32670EF91DF924090340685122F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">im1</emphasis>
. M 
<emphasis id="9713C66CA08EDE5F5350F27E59D2D0E3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">f</emphasis>
basal to first r-m crossvein (1rp-ma); angle of MA and MP broadly acute; MA becoming pale, diffuse and constricted between M 
<emphasis id="708BC0229F5185411F6AC508EF9DC484" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">f</emphasis>
and insertion of 1rp-ma (both forewings) [holotype: MA thin in this area, but not pale]. Intramedian cell (
<emphasis id="105C5D060A6A52ECEA416F1D35C56EA0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">im1</emphasis>
) prominent, quadrangular in shape (but not 
<emphasis id="898C653FBAB8C56E52B53AF27F38A5CF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AB132935AF99B5B33B6A2049BDF587E2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3890.1" author="Breitkreuz, LCV" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B6" refString="Breitkreuz, LCV, Winterton, SL, Engel, MS, 2017. Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): a resolution of the confusion about vein fusion. . American Museum Novitates 3890: 1 - 44" title="Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): a resolution of the confusion about vein fusion." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3890.1" volume="3890" year="2017">Breitkreuz et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 29; see Discussion below), formed by MA anteriorly, MP basally, posteriorly, distally; anterior (MA) and posterior (MP) sides of 
<emphasis id="F7B9F2439A42FEE0082FCB80E9FC8AAF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">im1</emphasis>
roughly parallel for most of span; 
<emphasis id="973B5863329FF4D43925C2035E5A9C82" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">im1</emphasis>
occupying entire vertical space between MA and CuA. MA and MP rejoining at anterodistal corner of 
<emphasis id="19B17DA5BEB6BACB5CA5C521B5228536" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">im1</emphasis>
, subsequently dividing at least once before meeting RP1, and probably a second time before meeting RP2. 
<pageBreakToken id="263F709E7589CB2890F4D441EB79F8ED" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" start="start">Third</pageBreakToken>
medial cell (
<emphasis id="6E0236AFA67F415E0EB16F88D6A50D6B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">mcu3</emphasis>
) distal to 
<emphasis id="7C473F38CE57B7037510FBCF33130321" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">im1</emphasis>
, triangular. Two series of 
<taxonomicName id="3D0240A50295C503D0D06911D67692C9" genus="Chrysopoidea" lsidName="Chrysopoidea gradate" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="gradate">gradate</taxonomicName>
veins diverging medially, converging distally. Nine inner gradates (in regular, sinuous series), extending beyond pseudomedia (Psm) in zigzag pattern across center of wing; ten outer gradates in slightly upturned series beyond pseudocubitus (Psc). Radial branches from RP elongate, wavy before inner gradates, less so after. Gradate cells rectangular. Approximately eight primary marginal forks reaching posterodistal margin (radial field) of wing. Cubital furcation (Cu 
<emphasis id="939AC6E24C7556A60C725D2070B1F6C1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">f</emphasis>
) near, but basal to m-cua crossvein. CuA with two simple crossveins to CuP, a distal third vein forked, reaching wing margin, and probably three additional simple branches reaching wing margin beyond forked vein. Second cubital furcation (CuP 
<emphasis id="4A9B7FFEFF34A19AD31D4A80B21525D9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">f</emphasis>
) below 
<emphasis id="0F21C9FB3D1222F0960D938638C8703E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">icu2</emphasis>
; thus, posterior wing margin with seven to ten cubital veinlets total (five to eight from CuA, two from CuP). A1, A3 simple, unforked; A2 forked before a1-a2 crossvein, with anterior branch reaching wing margin, posterior branch extending to A3, with short distal veinlet ending within cell (both wings). Jugal lobe large, usually folded beneath anal region, with jugal vein dark, extending to basal margin; basal margin with elongate, pale setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52C4F2DD6D24993B0D3E395C07707D55" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="FA2625E2A4C47890D22ED8DEBDBA5829" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
Figure 6. 
<taxonomicName id="3A4551082440177ACB8B3FF5AF455EE6" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="9B5049C8EC9EC4B6BE30BDBABB90B98E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (
<emphasis id="AFC25084C20200B679345303980134EA" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">a</emphasis>
) forewing, (
<emphasis id="A1727D1D7BC741D87B1294C720F75FE5" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">b</emphasis>
) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the 
<taxonomicName id="655C459775784ADD7A1AB178010F0FF5" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="B4361286BD5E2252060AC3A641FCB5F7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype for (
<emphasis id="23B44ADC37DECFEC4B8CE322F292B769" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">a</emphasis>
) the 
<emphasis id="C0C2924E906398D8361B3098DF36D0DE" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">im1</emphasis>
cell and (
<emphasis id="D00AD6499BFCC78E306688BFDAB9A799" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">b</emphasis>
) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="898D4AA4E3E053F3F1D1116D3AF0DE2C" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="216 - 221" refId="B3" refString="Adams, PA, Penny, ND, 1992b. New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). . Pan-Pacific Entomologist 68: 216 - 221" title="New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="68" year="1992 b">Adams and Penny (1992b</bibRefCitation>
: fig 10). 
<emphasis id="B82F84944E7C0607CBB5D51C66291910" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">A1, A2, A3</emphasis>
first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 
<emphasis id="5F106E52BF35DF2CD235BAE56C951F69" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">1c-sc</emphasis>
first crossvein between the costa and subcosta 
<emphasis id="9417BBB07BBFAE971ED4B7E913B7E75F" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Cu</emphasis>
cubitus 
<emphasis id="68D6E087BFE7E1E525D15B0CDCD8BF2D" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">CuA</emphasis>
anterior cubital area on wing margin 
<emphasis id="FA9CCA1028EBE2D257431428CF8003C5" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">CuP</emphasis>
posterior cubital area on wing margin 
<emphasis id="02DCDC20E155931784FDD79110EE161F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">icu1, icu3</emphasis>
first and third intracubital cells 
<emphasis id="555F6CCF7FAD6295D1EB892459BA7A79" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">ig, og</emphasis>
inner and outer 
<taxonomicName id="EA4E75AB8302B1DB092017DE3DC54344" genus="Chrysopoidea" lsidName="Chrysopoidea gradate" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="gradate">gradate</taxonomicName>
veins 
<emphasis id="EA9008FB31044F53E35A78DA441EE555" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">im1</emphasis>
first intramedian cell 
<emphasis id="F73A55FB0AFE144E489DC11782D03671" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">M</emphasis>
medial area on wing margin 
<emphasis id="7A3B7A6F67D91821D2C22B5B43D4B34D" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">MA, MP</emphasis>
anterior and posterior branches of the media 
<emphasis id="AB73E7190A8DA56D18A2B765E8C7ED5D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">mcu1, mcu2, mcu3</emphasis>
first, second, and third medial cells 
<emphasis id="3C341210FFBD69330BB206305964FF97" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Psc</emphasis>
pseudocubitus 
<emphasis id="46AA1018008E3BE81B81EC34CAD99CA9" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Psm</emphasis>
pseudomedia 
<emphasis id="7D985A86597B32C750349063512B225D" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">R</emphasis>
radial area on wing margin 
<emphasis id="5CA87DA73820874CF6912196F82859D3" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">RA, RP</emphasis>
anterior and posterior branches of the radius 
<emphasis id="F931CDB40F0475B45942DF47CB75F4A7" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">1rp-ma</emphasis>
first crossvein between RP and MA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DED12A5791B4A318BAF20B600647747C" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="955AD7022A5C82AF5E3B296AE9265230" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Hindwing</emphasis>
: Length 17.5 mm, maximum height 4.0 mm. Costal base with well-developed frenulum bearing cluster of elongate terminal setae. Costal area narrow, with 15 crossveins before stigma, eight radial veinlets extending to C after stigma; no veins within stigma. Subcostal area without crossveins. M parallel and attached to R until just past 1c-sc; R 
<emphasis id="4D860DAD73BB4D560B55727CD85E4F76" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">f</emphasis>
distal to 3c-sc. Radial area with single row of thirteen closed cells between RA and RP (= 13 ra-rp crossveins). Two series of 
<taxonomicName id="F679A55B45B5BC9AD5C4B4EA8C52A4A0" genus="Chrysopoidea" lsidName="Chrysopoidea gradate" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="gradate">gradate</taxonomicName>
veins, roughly parallel, regularly spaced; nine or ten inner gradates extending beyond Psm; nine or ten outer gradates, regularly spaced, extending beyond Psc. Approximately eight primary marginal forks reaching posterodistal margin (radial field) of wing. Only one r-m crossvein (1rp-ma). First intramedian cell with MA as anterior margin, with MP as posterior margin basally, MP+CuA distally, distal arm either MP, MA1, or ma-mp crossvein). Cu sinuous, with two crossveins to A1, two branches reaching posterior wing margin before merging with MP. A1 with three veinlets reaching posterior wing margin; A2, A3 simple, unforked; one crossvein (a1-a2) between A1, A2; A3 forming base of jugal lobe; jugal lobe large, rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A44D94FB0F40B8D4E4153A90B4C0301D" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="3229DBF9542E7A3FD15E80315B291E02" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Coloration of forewing, hindwing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="0F036ACC4543D38554906E762B1281E6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Venation at base of wings (a) left forewing, (b) right forewing, (c) left forewing, labeled, (d) left hindwing, labeled. Note the absence of a tympanal organ at the base of R (forewing), the independent origin and trajectory of M along the base of R [forewing and hindwing; see arrows in (a) and (d), and the short break at the base of a 2 - a 3 (forewing)]. Because of the natural pleating of the wings, the space below the Sc appears very small relative to its actual size. The sc-r crossvein is actually slanted as shown. A 1, A 2, A 3 first through third anal veins a 2 - a 3 crossvein between A 2 and A 3 C costa Cu cubitus 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Fr frenulum icu 1 first intracubital cell J jugal vein (forewing only) Ju jugal lobe M media 1 m-cua first crossvein between the media and anterior cubital branch R radius Sc subcosta sc-r basal crossvein between the subcosta and radius." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319524" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FDA12125CB4E804265683279CFBD965C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings (a) forewing (b) hindwing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319525" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B3EF2C11604F657172770F4C30CC72AD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">6</figureCitation>
): Membrane of both wings appearing clear, somewhat glossy. Stigma prominent, dark brown medially, golden on both ends. All veins dark brown except forewing with Sc golden, anterior base of MA yellowish; hindwing with 1c-sc, 3c-sc3 to 6c-sc, Sc beyond 6c-sc, base of R (including base of RA and RP), base of M, most of MA and its branches, base of Cu, all anal veins golden. Forewing with brownish suffusion around MP, inner gradates, and outer gradates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48968C152EFA7FDA6256001FA3734892" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
Abdomen (female, 
<figureCitation id="85A0FC14AE6569517378C795D3BF61F7" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Body and abdomen, external (a) body, dorsal view (b) abdomen, dorsal view (c, d) terminal abdominal segments, left and right, respectively, lateral views. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct S 7 seventh sternite T 7, T 8 seventh, eighth tergites T 9 d dorsal section of large ninth tergite hidden beneath T 8 T 9 v expanded ventral section of large ninth tergite encapsulating gonapophyses laterales." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319530" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figs 7</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation id="6D66BC940B9DF88CAB185B300DA8D846" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">9</figureCitation>
; male unknown). Tergites, sternites, pleural region covered with relatively dense setae of uniformly short length; microsetae present, no microtholi. T6 (lateral view) length 1.2 mm, ~2.1 
<normalizedToken id="0D0AD48F9C6CBC976B0EFE46AB3EB87C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height, approximately same proportions as T7 (length 0.9 mm, ~1.7 
<normalizedToken id="90E438FE72BAF93113B6DB79C268BCA9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height). S6 length 1.2 mm, ~2.0 
<normalizedToken id="ECC44EACF6154544AA81DD717BF9D253" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height; S7 length 1.2 mm, approximately 2.0 
<normalizedToken id="AFE8A91EF7B1877C48574E889B89A6C6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height. Tergites roughly rectangular, with edges acute or slightly rounded, ventral margins straight; lateral (dark brown) regions more rigid and robust than mesal section. Sternites quadrate, uniformly colored and rigid 
<pageBreakToken id="6DCD7F29AFF1FF0D4FA259749E69D482" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" start="start">throughout</pageBreakToken>
. Spiracles located in pleural membrane, slightly closer to sternites than to tergites, roughly oval externally, not enlarged; atria slightly enlarged, rounded, with single tracheae. Coloration mostly dark brown with cream stripe on dorsal midline; distal tip of T7, T8, posterior region of T9, ectoproct, gonapophysis lateralis cream; setae, setal bases pale; callus cerci cream.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DE8B2A9A72DAEDCEA64C977B161BA425" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319530" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="3895EC51BD108A9807A297A508E6C505" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
Figure 7. 
<taxonomicName id="431BC86DE10FA6932609F751F78EEF70" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="5FE3F9138E45F8130D8E79F60B5EC88C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Body and abdomen, external (
<emphasis id="DF73DF949836ECC79D0F2E41DAD85CF5" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">a</emphasis>
) body, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="59CE91477606532111404CD18476848D" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">b</emphasis>
) abdomen, dorsal view (
<emphasis id="50AA04624A04F247961A441B7B0CD3BC" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">c, d</emphasis>
) terminal abdominal segments, left and right, respectively, lateral views. 
<emphasis id="D0C8A06C54C46AD11B1699CF91E7E71D" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">cc</emphasis>
callus cerci 
<emphasis id="BEBCC4748372B46853F30DFA196D4E9D" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ect</emphasis>
ectoproct 
<emphasis id="54BD5D9873D7FBB1CD823560A8489A55" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">S7</emphasis>
seventh sternite 
<emphasis id="ECB66D70C4E30A5713389C3EBD90920A" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">T7, T8</emphasis>
seventh, eighth tergites 
<emphasis id="AF99415DDCBC0A389E85526284FB884A" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">T9d</emphasis>
dorsal section of large ninth tergite hidden beneath T8 
<emphasis id="02F75BBC8D51B4C188F001B8460DFA36" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">T9v</emphasis>
expanded ventral section of large ninth tergite encapsulating gonapophyses laterales.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CDDF4FFC40683F6039F2F02F4756ECEB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319531" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="EDFB129D9442961F899D8E0A2EA8B990" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
Figure 8. 
<taxonomicName id="8E2E0D5DE4BC33EEA150E1085788804A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="75F87E0A91B1B56A1100718927593909" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, cleared (
<emphasis id="01C5671D17980F25463D53112AD0C46C" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">a</emphasis>
) abdominal integument dissected, segments A5-A7 with dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces in view, A8 with dorsal and lateral surfaces in view, A9, ectoproct in lateral view (
<emphasis id="097A8974F874F09703384EA892C72579" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">b</emphasis>
) segments A5-terminus, lateral view (
<emphasis id="13B7E495B75A0E941BF3159933D126C8" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">c</emphasis>
) abdominal integument, dorsal (T6-T7) and ventral (S5-S6) (
<emphasis id="8584519CB3AFD2EE81F2C6656A207AAA" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">d</emphasis>
) callus cerci (
<emphasis id="719F1E9FB6E85EE7127CDD26D9F89BCF" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">e</emphasis>
) terminal abdominal segments, ventral view (
<emphasis id="0F449C88054DFA3447E3D4C9A112F2B8" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">f</emphasis>
) terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B43C2BE5623C8B261294BFA0E80184D3" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">cc</emphasis>
callus cerci 
<emphasis id="AB2B498BF0F3A8F452EB7865DC9DDE39" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ect</emphasis>
ectoproct 
<emphasis id="7F255C2D1ADF192CACC74C9A5E782711" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">g.l.</emphasis>
gonapophyses laterales 
<emphasis id="958643C9E46EC94BADE5414CE64C9592" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">sg</emphasis>
subgenitale 
<emphasis id="2F12EC005960956C8003533D7174ADB4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">sr</emphasis>
spiracle 
<emphasis id="29526254F9A76D2F9FBA53707A69FF76" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">S5, S6, S7</emphasis>
fifth, sixth, and seventh sternites 
<emphasis id="193831444FBFA7AF512C411F474254D8" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">T6, T7, T8, T9</emphasis>
sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth tergites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="980B0152199397AECB6C42081733806A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="DB91C0E6ACE3B0D853AC9A2CF81A3D8C" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
Figure 9. 
<taxonomicName id="3E380D78010B71A8230609884ED36AD2" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="F282D41E8029CF32C13143ED4D09D347" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (
<emphasis id="7675125C6ECBFC3F6B183893883EFBC6" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">a</emphasis>
) spermathecal complex (
<emphasis id="164502B7F7CF240D4F35300D617715F1" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">b</emphasis>
) spermatheca and duct (
<emphasis id="DB9419BDFF41B1B3293280B5E8D3514C" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">c</emphasis>
) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (
<emphasis id="C84B167777A4D13F5FABF77C845F26A8" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">d</emphasis>
) subgenitale, lateroventral view (
<emphasis id="EC57C00B96159786FE715EACC0468885" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">e</emphasis>
) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (
<emphasis id="4D80498CD8D839D46E624687E384BAB0" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">f</emphasis>
) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T9, subgenitale beneath (
<emphasis id="AD7D87A80C67D1C41004784B4F989689" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">g</emphasis>
) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. 
<emphasis id="47573943F80FFE34F1E3749E743BACEF" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">b.c.</emphasis>
bursa copulatrix 
<emphasis id="DD02E3F29B02F2631BB59E56601CF6CD" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">c.gl</emphasis>
. colleterial gland (broken distally) 
<emphasis id="AE4A055922F7C430273FF2B1379F054D" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">c.res.</emphasis>
colleterial reservoir 
<emphasis id="31F49A6E054D0A801FFE6FE31AA3E2AB" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">du1</emphasis>
large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir 
<emphasis id="AA2E3DA0E3B01CC3E29A8B16424614B3" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">du2</emphasis>
duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct 
<emphasis id="ED425CE2254084A3751656C05FB571DC" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ect</emphasis>
ectoproct 
<emphasis id="FB84489D6D4472D210C53A6884F5BA0E" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">g.l.</emphasis>
gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T9 
<emphasis id="3B921C7D58544801D7075CCE20BE2403" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ov</emphasis>
oviduct 
<emphasis id="75CBC32F291682F469C7216BD64D5053" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">sg</emphasis>
subgenitale 
<emphasis id="E81195F64D74A4BFE0BE5A6A3A445326" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
spermatheca 
<emphasis id="0AD0592FE558DC2BD4770FEDBD83C57F" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">sp.d.</emphasis>
spermathecal duct 
<emphasis id="E04496AFB3F18932781DFDCC4F130F38" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">sr</emphasis>
spiracle 
<emphasis id="E705970F2477E9AEFB0828A77E0B5A99" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">T8, T9</emphasis>
eighth and ninth tergites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="08DC7AD44B758022AB0F2B682478E296" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="1ECF34810D9305A8909F1E21E4508CB3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Female terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2BD6AD449872CF315AFB7F63B89CBA63" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Body and abdomen, external (a) body, dorsal view (b) abdomen, dorsal view (c, d) terminal abdominal segments, left and right, respectively, lateral views. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct S 7 seventh sternite T 7, T 8 seventh, eighth tergites T 9 d dorsal section of large ninth tergite hidden beneath T 8 T 9 v expanded ventral section of large ninth tergite encapsulating gonapophyses laterales." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319530" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Figs 7c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="85BDABED648F536028E377A182BC56CD" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Body and abdomen, external (a) body, dorsal view (b) abdomen, dorsal view (c, d) terminal abdominal segments, left and right, respectively, lateral views. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct S 7 seventh sternite T 7, T 8 seventh, eighth tergites T 9 d dorsal section of large ninth tergite hidden beneath T 8 T 9 v expanded ventral section of large ninth tergite encapsulating gonapophyses laterales." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319530" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">7d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="816453E0BB582BF67A8FD4C993B27D83" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, cleared (a) abdominal integument dissected, segments A 5 - A 7 with dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces in view, A 8 with dorsal and lateral surfaces in view, A 9, ectoproct in lateral view (b) segments A 5 - terminus, lateral view (c) abdominal integument, dorsal (T 6 - T 7) and ventral (S 5 - S 6) (d) callus cerci (e) terminal abdominal segments, ventral view (f) terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophyses laterales sg subgenitale sr spiracle S 5, S 6, S 7 fifth, sixth, and seventh sternites T 6, T 7, T 8, T 9 sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319531" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="60A2086D94AC41CF4B61AFC98E5C170B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
9 
<normalizedToken id="0E96D9764DC87749A5C6BE8373ECB0C8" originalValue="c–f">c-f</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
): Callus cerci (
<figureCitation id="2920E90113BB00F372D3434627D8E75A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, cleared (a) abdominal integument dissected, segments A 5 - A 7 with dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces in view, A 8 with dorsal and lateral surfaces in view, A 9, ectoproct in lateral view (b) segments A 5 - terminus, lateral view (c) abdominal integument, dorsal (T 6 - T 7) and ventral (S 5 - S 6) (d) callus cerci (e) terminal abdominal segments, ventral view (f) terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophyses laterales sg subgenitale sr spiracle S 5, S 6, S 7 fifth, sixth, and seventh sternites T 6, T 7, T 8, T 9 sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319531" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
) approximately circular, diameter 0.14-0.16 mm, with ~30 trichobothria of mixed length. Tergite 8 much narrower than T7 (lateral view), much taller than T7, extending well beyond distal margin of S7, with rounded ventral margins, bearing spiracle in lower sclerotized section. Tergite 9, ectoproct distinctly separate; T9 with dorsal margin narrow, less than half length of T7, becoming broad, bulbous ventrally, completely encasing gonapophyses laterales, ventral margin rounded, over three times length of dorsal margin. Sternite 7 roughly quadrate, with dorsal margin straight, approximately same height as S6, rounded and sloping abruptly in distal quarter, base at ventral margin extending distally as apical ledge, without knob; posteroventral setae slightly longer, more dense than other setae. Ectoproct with dorsal margin twice as long as dorsal margin of T9, ventral margin rounded, tucked below distal bulge of T9, bearing callus cerci near posterior margin; callus cerci about half width of segment. Gonapophysis lateralis well sclerotized, broadly crescent shaped, mostly enclosed by distal extension of T9 (
<figureCitation id="3C04F1339FB88FBF678437355BCB4E41" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9f</figureCitation>
), with sparse distribution of small setae on distal, exposed surface only, not on basal surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DF0B0B4554ECB3EC0E2B4CBC387DECC" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4F6BFFE375A2F552144ABC931AF9EE6" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4F28F5FE96033134EA58BDF1A14D3323" genus="Colleterial" lsidName="Colleterial complex" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" rank="species" species="complex">
<emphasis id="0A51CF1C5C6BB2625D880CF910E1904B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Colleterial complex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="C6CA21ADFD5B4E65532AA11341EEE1A8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">posterior to anterior</emphasis>
)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="BB639DAAAF7968DA43E8269F5BAC7AAC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9c, e</figureCitation>
): Oviduct immediately behind gonapophyses laterales, chamber setose (setae arising from large bulbous bases); no transverse sclerification found. Two sets of glands entering oviduct: posterior gland, fluted, with rough, setose surface, thin duct bearing secondary gland or small reservoir before opening to oviduct; anterior gland (probably the primary colleterial gland) distally with globate colleterial reservoir larger than width of T9, heavily textured surface with numerous rounded folds and some setae, entering oviduct via short, somewhat broad duct. 
<taxonomicName id="77796254F44194620905D3A4BD4CECE6" genus="Colleterial" lsidName="Colleterial" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">Colleterial</taxonomicName>
gland (anterior end missing) entering colleterial reservoir between T8 and T9 via broad, robust, membranous duct, gland probably large, with broad, structured, circular base, setose membranous sides, at least distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9606A309B0AE1339A29105A2BEE97E4B" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="790FE54AC8B3C14B1231B927FB25E3CA" genus="Bursal" lsidName="Bursal complex" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" rank="species" species="complex">
<emphasis id="D07518F736C76C0CEAD63A76C1860CEC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Bursal complex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A8CA13B94F182565BBC4CE4C1D3FE46C" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
): Bursa copulatrix with two sections; larger section consisting of delicate, transparent membrane with transverse, angled folds, covering entire spermatheca and spermathecal duct; smaller section leathery, triangular, attached above membranous section; two sections fusing distally before entering chamber above subgenitale; bursal glands not found. Spermatheca bowl-shaped, somewhat transparent, invaginated, apparently open to large section of bursa via slit on basal (proximal) side of bowl and perhaps on spermathecal duct. Spermathecal duct well sclerotized, very long, with coiled section extending about 0.75 length of S7, straight section doubling back almost completely; basal section, tightly coiled, curved on itself, with smooth surface; distal section mostly straight, with some slight bending, dense, surface with brushy covering of setae; region between two sections in contact with subgenitale complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FFE13776AC730DFAD1DFE9F14A493F32" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="552DD258130AE435EEB8D781C505640A" genus="Subgenitale" lsidName="Subgenitale" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="09D17A49B517B1667D5845B860647D3D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Subgenitale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="53CBF6E26A2C6321275ABF3C678ADE84" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Abdomen, genitalia, cleared (a) spermathecal complex (b) spermatheca and duct (c) terminalia, lateral view showing colleterial, spermathecal, and subgenitale complexes (d) subgenitale, lateroventral view (e) terminus, lateral view showing crescent-shaped gonapophysis lateralis (proximal and distal margins) encased between ventral extension of T 9, spinose oviduct beneath (terminal end of duct 2 obscured) (f) gonapophyses laterales within extensions of T 9, subgenitale beneath (g) subgenitale, dorsal view showing bilobed terminus. b. c. bursa copulatrix c. gl. colleterial gland (broken distally) c. res. colleterial reservoir du 1 large duct leading from colleterial gland to reservoir du 2 duct leading from colleterial reservoir to oviduct ect ectoproct g. l. gonapophysis lateralis nestled beneath T 9 ov oviduct sg subgenitale sp spermatheca sp. d. spermathecal duct sr spiracle T 8, T 9 eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319532" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9d, g</figureCitation>
): Basal section well sclerotized, extending from leathery, partially sclerotized, membranous base; distal section elongate, rounded, robust laterally, flat 
<pageBreakToken id="E7B49811C8D40F0DF5DF44D94B67BBE2" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" start="start">mesally</pageBreakToken>
, protruding distally between gonapophyses laterales, well beyond S7, with patch of approximately ten robust setae ventrally, shallow bilobed tip distally. Basal membranous section considerably shorter than sclerotized distal section, extending from sturdy membranous fold within ventral tip of S7, rounded proximally, folded throughout.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C22328E0C4F7BFA155C898857293153" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="5DAEB128ABB50CB4ED878B34B5A182A6" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="598CAEEBBA4AD0B98ABDA48A13003BD2" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="9A5AD405E666C68C7D63943C37F83CE1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Abdominal contents - pollen</emphasis>
: A label on the type specimen indicated that it was taken from 
<taxonomicName id="8B2E36FE56B2982C25127C5B1E8AB3F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis latifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
<emphasis id="20753543B6A4DADF5149B5AC46006567" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Baccharis latifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers., a flowering shrub that is common throughout much of South America, including Peru. 
<bibRefCitation id="3D9E09B2F9F1516DB3C385860EA11EF6" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="216 - 221" refId="B3" refString="Adams, PA, Penny, ND, 1992b. New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). . Pan-Pacific Entomologist 68: 216 - 221" title="New genera of Nothochrysinae from South America (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="68" year="1992 b">Adams and Penny (1992b)</bibRefCitation>
noted pollen in the gut contents. Thus, it is not surprising that both the foregut and hindgut of the female specimen studied here also were filled with pollen. The pollen grains were of several sizes and shapes: predominately large and round, but also small and round, as well as small and quadrate (
<figureCitation id="0E45926E333AA633AFFC5A8DF6852F36" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Contents of Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny abdomen (after clearing with KOH) (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Pollen and parasitoids. (a, b) pollen from gut (c, d) two of five robust parasitoid larvae from abdominal cavity (e, f) probably exuviae (two of five) from previous parasitoid instar. Scale on (c) applies to (c, d, e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319533" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Fig. 10a, b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="424FA4E8C380704C3077AD67C01FE58B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319533" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="8469513A0430AF32B365254917FD123C" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
Figure 10. Contents of 
<taxonomicName id="8428083A3B2FBBABBCFAAAB8F9396C6D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa prisca" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="D2584FCA7C833472E496C660D07F8386" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Leptochrysa prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams &amp; Penny abdomen (after clearing with KOH) (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Pollen and parasitoids. (
<emphasis id="24636E877E991611C5BC3C89443410DF" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">a, b</emphasis>
) pollen from gut (
<emphasis id="EE594ACE28F8C377F178604D58230E98" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">c, d</emphasis>
) two of five robust parasitoid larvae from abdominal cavity (
<emphasis id="F0DFD04C3C669B44F49D84993DCC40A4" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">e, f</emphasis>
) probably exuviae (two of five) from previous parasitoid instar. Scale on (
<emphasis id="ACBAE7D4C32596FE691D715D3672B178" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">c</emphasis>
) applies to (
<emphasis id="4C4D66D38802AEB9FDC54144B0320EA0" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">c, d, e, f</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2909066EFBFD8197E6B2D0B184D2343C" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="C51DB298106C7076867C1D1BB986CB1B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Abdominal contents - parasitoids</emphasis>
: After the abdomen was cleared, it was found to contain a number of parasitoid larvae (probably 
<taxonomicName id="1FB567BFB666756BEA1C9F04BF0BEE80" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysopoidea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
). The parasitoids were also cleared during the process, and the resulting specimens consisted of two types. First, there were five robust larvae with a textured, scabriculous integument throughout, a rounded knob at one end, and a pair of small protrusions at the other end. The interior of these specimens appeared empty (
<figureCitation id="71BD7C162C2843E22D98665A5FCED0FF" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Contents of Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny abdomen (after clearing with KOH) (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Pollen and parasitoids. (a, b) pollen from gut (c, d) two of five robust parasitoid larvae from abdominal cavity (e, f) probably exuviae (two of five) from previous parasitoid instar. Scale on (c) applies to (c, d, e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319533" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Fig. 10c, d</figureCitation>
)); no mouthparts or other structures were visible. Second, there are five smaller, more delicate specimens, consisting of clear, smooth integuments without structures or setae (
<figureCitation id="B5B02FA34FABD65B3554BB9E38575C99" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Contents of Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny abdomen (after clearing with KOH) (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Pollen and parasitoids. (a, b) pollen from gut (c, d) two of five robust parasitoid larvae from abdominal cavity (e, f) probably exuviae (two of five) from previous parasitoid instar. Scale on (c) applies to (c, d, e, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319533" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Fig. 10e, f</figureCitation>
). It is possible that these clear specimens are the exuviae of previous instars or a very different form or stage of parasitoid than the robust ones. It is noteworthy that the abdomen of the lacewing host was relatively slender for a well-sclerotized female (
<figureCitation id="96E0238EDBC1B973D9178D17FB1D9C00" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Body and abdomen, external (a) body, dorsal view (b) abdomen, dorsal view (c, d) terminal abdominal segments, left and right, respectively, lateral views. cc callus cerci ect ectoproct S 7 seventh sternite T 7, T 8 seventh, eighth tergites T 9 d dorsal section of large ninth tergite hidden beneath T 8 T 9 v expanded ventral section of large ninth tergite encapsulating gonapophyses laterales." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319530" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFBC2F6A7EAD8F5C74E7E314E3B2716A" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="D1C0BD633764435D42771467E5CF3455" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Larvae</emphasis>
: Discovery of 
<taxonomicName id="2B998001EF2FFFB7B010762E430A4BF0" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="0E4F60147B54732F5514AEE0299CEF5E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae would greatly help to decipher the phylogenetic relationships of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="0C2D989DC317F84C34CDBED0D6F75069" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="425052B67A902B4625016A1FD741A876" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Leptochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, the larvae of this genus remain unknown. Descriptions are available for comparison with the larvae of several 
<taxonomicName id="39090C68159AC42E55D4DA3DFD38A0F1" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
genera: 
<taxonomicName id="BB77B8BA3F167CB1DE110425A298E2B8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Kimochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kimochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF758DEF6D4B68018FB9CD2C613B68B3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Kimochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tjeder, 
<taxonomicName id="3850F71FAB5545993618B0F98685CC11" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pimachrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimachrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFDE744FD21FD8B798753431390E7B01" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Pimachrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams, 
<taxonomicName id="055B963B96DC152CA31A6E15708D8FD3" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Dictyochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dictyochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0455B6B276D0897757930804F8A81227" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Dictyochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Esben-Petersen, 
<taxonomicName id="4031F6817BF625985435B182C309BD11" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Hypochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ACDCC91C4B4FC32BAA7C2F183D33AAF" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Hypochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hagen (one species each), and several species of 
<taxonomicName id="7E90FF166E3225F11FBE15330BD305C8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nothochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nothochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7C1827AAC3C77E5D1303FEC94901B59B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Nothochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see review by 
<bibRefCitation id="6858DEB87BC1953C9A1B48F6F2AB0D65" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/AN13163" author="Tauber, CA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" pagination="295 - 314" refId="B11" refString="Tauber, CA, Tauber, MJ, Albuquerque, GS, 2014. Debris-carrying in larval Chrysopidae: unraveling its evolutionary history. . Annals of the Entomological Society of America 107: 295 - 314" title="Debris-carrying in larval Chrysopidae: unraveling its evolutionary history." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/AN13163" volume="107" year="2014">Tauber et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The known 
<taxonomicName id="DEFF8D549D35B734ABF5FD364022CB9A" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Nothochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nothochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A165AFFB9EB818A7939F1402766F5F8E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Nothochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are debris-carriers, whereas the known larvae of other genera are naked.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D6B9C7BCC8CDA884BE7F372428BD94B" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B581B69B0B102F93384C6D9A6BD8BCA6" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Known distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="550CAAE9A97CEEBB23F50DC44C157A27" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Thus far, there are only two records for this species, and both are from the Amazonas region of northern Peru. The specimen studied here is from Huembo Lodge, a reserve run by the Ecoan Andean Ecosystems Organization, and located on Hwy 5N southwest of Pomacochas.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C74D8D5A3B38D45C27AC535A1EDC0EC" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph id="03B24BA99A617B648F9938473FFC7A2C" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D6DFED6414DBCFBA357F0923A491AE4" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
Other than the discoloration and damage caused by fungal growth on the holotype and some variation in the number of 
<taxonomicName id="9A5A26384E3760720ADDAB78A0BDF425" genus="Chrysopoidea" lsidName="Chrysopoidea gradate" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="gradate">gradate</taxonomicName>
cells, the two known 
<taxonomicName id="A08867F5BA15741B2D34CAEEFB397734" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="3501CFA51F84DF6C926507949F458132" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens show significant similarity. However, there is one notable area of variation in the forewing - the posterior margin of the intramedian (
<emphasis id="0338ACFD570CCFCA135895A603C9AC9E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">im1</emphasis>
) cell. This variation, although subtle, proves to be useful in deciphering the venation of the 
<taxonomicName id="2A2C6F15949AFD8A17C3E35CCA9C5E62" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Leptochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptochrysa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62D311788C6DE9C8E6C1DFF3B6CD6DA4" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Leptochrysa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E28CDDA88B284F759597774016488806" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
In both specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A735A17E2C74ECA09A3E1F86E35DDE" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="1F2FBF5D0C02FCB9DB8274688A1669AB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the MP forms the posterior margin of the 
<emphasis id="A19B7E59A7637DC393E41AD90D511666" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">im1</emphasis>
cell, and MP meets CuA at the posterobasal corner of 
<emphasis id="6ECC74682C85EEFF428F5FAD067D07C5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">im1</emphasis>
. In the left and right wings of the holotype, MP and CuA clearly remain distinct (see insert on 
<figureCitation id="4FA9D6A63D1B106A9820C72730D8C672" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Leptochrysa prisca Adams &amp; Penny (Peru, Amazonas, female, FSCA): Wings with selected features labeled (a) forewing, (b) hindwing. For comparison, the inserts depict the conditions on the L. prisca holotype for (a) the im 1 cell and (b) the proximal crossvein between RP and MA; images modified from Adams and Penny (1992 b: fig 10). A 1, A 2, A 3 first, second, and third anal areas on wing margin, 1 c-sc first crossvein between the costa and subcosta Cu cubitus CuA anterior cubital area on wing margin CuP posterior cubital area on wing margin icu 1, icu 3 first and third intracubital cells ig, og inner and outer gradate veins im 1 first intramedian cell M medial area on wing margin MA, MP anterior and posterior branches of the media mcu 1, mcu 2, mcu 3 first, second, and third medial cells Psc pseudocubitus Psm pseudomedia R radial area on wing margin RA, RP anterior and posterior branches of the radius 1 rp-ma first crossvein between RP and MA." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.866.35396.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319529" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
). When the MP reaches the CuA, the two veins do not fuse; they extend distally along separate 
<pageBreakToken id="4E61256AB2AFFB206C85D3CA48840156" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" start="start">trajectories</pageBreakToken>
. MP alone forms the posterior (lower) border of 
<emphasis id="817A881E06461816D77FDFD2FA260ED6" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
. CuA runs below MP and forms the base of a narrow triangular cell beneath the 
<emphasis id="D66ECF8101DDB5588ADACD7FC4E9CA1F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
. A very short 2mp-cua crossvein or a branch of the MP extends anteriorly from the posterodistal corner of 
<emphasis id="39A5E97BEDF1E40A4E6224DD44AE02CD" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
, and CuA continues distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB1971C346196856E038D8B81CCCDB5A" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
In comparison, on the second specimen (left and right wings), MP and CuA appear as a single vein along the full posterior span of the 
<emphasis id="1BCD679667C17985AF4EB62111EDCE26" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
cell. However, on the basis of the 
<normalizedToken id="36913008BF1DD904E261F783897FA1EF" originalValue="holotype’s">holotype's</normalizedToken>
venation, I assume that the two veins remain juxtaposed, but separate along this span.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E390FF509960F83872AD085B88E24927" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
The configuration described above appears to be unusual within 
<taxonomicName id="680150F09337EBC7567A5233B388D139" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
. Although variable, the 
<emphasis id="CD755D254093BABEA7F9231643E6DFE4" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
in 
<taxonomicName id="03A6C4C4756DC6D0B174C8A09A9E1F91" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
generally is triangular, being formed by MA, MP, and crossvein 1ma-mp. (Note: 
<bibRefCitation id="5026F247A370593DFC74E15BA168BB87" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3890.1" author="Breitkreuz, LCV" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="18" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B6" refString="Breitkreuz, LCV, Winterton, SL, Engel, MS, 2017. Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): a resolution of the confusion about vein fusion. . American Museum Novitates 3890: 1 - 44" title="Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): a resolution of the confusion about vein fusion." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3890.1" volume="3890" year="2017">Breitkreuz et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
would consider this configuration as &quot;pseudotriangular&quot;, but see reasons presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="6D7402ED195C078E540E2AC6137F5046" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" refId="B10">Tauber (2019)</bibRefCitation>
for identifying this configuration as &quot;triangular&quot;.). In contrast, the findings here indicate that the 
<emphasis id="E6D51D93EDD9477E4F0F7A793A10DEC6" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
is composed entirely of the anterior and posterior branches of M, without a crossvein. Thus, the 
<emphasis id="5EEF55F43201BA91C5482FA7AA98D982" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
cell of 
<taxonomicName id="072C3105ACE187210E437C463E935C67" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="6B53BEF2289487BAE952EC7BBF30F492" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more closely aligns with a category of 
<emphasis id="E2C4B15584BB21DFDD27ADEA8B493927" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
cells that is not usually reported for 
<taxonomicName id="D49F21C3464B8440FBB8DDEDA3A86289" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
: shaped like a triangle or quadrangle, but without a crossvein forming a portion of the cell. Thus, the 
<normalizedToken id="1033FBDAB5893402AEB30834025A3C60" originalValue="cell’s">cell's</normalizedToken>
quadrate shape and configuration in 
<taxonomicName id="2E2E47B87BB362168CD8B6FDFA53088F" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="F4A689127FD143D84A9905BBE486D7EF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
elicit questions concerning the identity of the 
<normalizedToken id="0849ECB024ED5662BA56DBA5B5654133" originalValue="“crossvein”">&quot;crossvein&quot;</normalizedToken>
proposed to close the distal ends of the 
<emphasis id="A78F8879E80F4FBB2414F6080B3362D0" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
within other genera of 
<taxonomicName id="E3D62C10609E96D775A737B80E8D91A7" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
. It is also noteworthy that on both the holotype and the second specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="AEFBDD7AE5D4359BFB67E7FDBFA79A82" lsidName="L. prisca" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="prisca">
<emphasis id="3167D27014AEB7D415F2E8FFFCB1189E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">L. prisca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is not clear whether the MP furcates at the posterodistal corner of the 
<emphasis id="A1C202F994C3FF5481EDB8ADD42D3558" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
. If it does, then the CuA vein extending from the posterodistal corner of the 
<emphasis id="B6D493AD3FE3D5E2A7D723D2E3FC1145" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">im1</emphasis>
would be a fused CuA+MP and thus part of the Psc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>