360 lines
53 KiB
XML
360 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="69FD2C26B548039CAB156201BAD88703">Revisionary notes on the fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex, rimosus-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F8808BE5B4E478E2F5A2172E55A372A">Snelling, R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FEDC86D7DD2F9686720EBBFE3F1D0E6F">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1F973010F78E4A2574457AEB045B8700">1992</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:namePart id="E950AFAC8F730D42F3AC54463C2FF42F">Quintero, D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90F1B926B77F4CFBDC48EB3EF932BC78">Aiello, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DAA2C53B91A32D98385D3B74D3205827">Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: selected studies.</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="F4FB2BCF8052870D7093C1D774125EDC">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2C08153D2B0F0A2285EFB1F7BF329D28" type="HNS-Pub">13137</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1F0CFA611F5BF7A1C595AEE3720DAD9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6281619" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6281619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0CFA611F5BF7A1C595AEE3720DAD9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F0CFA611F5BF7A1C595AEE3720DAD9A" lastPageNumber="484" pageNumber="479">
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<subSubSection id="28CE8FC6B6820A2ED130062F196BB6DF" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="429B030B66F8B603FA790698E7FB86DE" pageNumber="479">
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<taxonomicName id="DE4B583164E82F67AB5A30D59B4AE728" ID-CoL="3YQC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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Mayr, 1862,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="122822FD64F7E7662D667A8AB4257DF8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="652C4B82EEC922746C0EA3A8CB268B71" pageNumber="479">
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is a genus of fungus-growing ants belonging to the exclusively New World tribe Attini. Among the dozen genera presently recognized within the Attini,
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<taxonomicName id="415BA8E264B394BA9548991B35191D0B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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is one of the most distinctive. The body is dull and, for the most part, without obvious sculpture, although a few obscure rugules may be present on the mesosoma. The first gastral tergum is without tubercles. Pilosity, except for a few erect simple hairs on the mandibular region of the head, is usually closely appressed to the body surface and is scale-like in appearance; in a few species the pilosity is suberect, but then it is also broad and squamiform. The frontal lobes of the head are exceptionally broad, completely concealing the antennal sockets, and the head is usually widest across the frontal lobes. Mesosomal spines are replaced in most species by low, blunt tubercles; in a few species even these are absent or nearly so.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9898DA69666132174431C785565D51D5" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="52EE8F1C0C42AB45B3B4121183F8BCB0" pageNumber="479">
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The biology of
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<taxonomicName id="F93271EF19EC520234DE31EE31F214F1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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is not very well known, even though some species are among the mostly commonly encountered terrestrial species. The ants themselves are small, of drab coloration, slow-moving, and often become immobile when disturbed, sometimes for several minutes. When an ant feigns death the appendages are drawn close to the body and the ant then seems to be nothing more than a small particle of soil or other debris.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="80B3E9145636BBED5FDFA749129D4FBB" pageNumber="479">Colonies are small, probably not exceeding 500 workers and usually far fewer; numerous dealate females are often present within a colony but they apparently are non-reproductive. The colonies are commonly situated in soil or rotting wood on the ground, or distributed within leaf-litter. They may also be located in dead, decaying tree limbs, in matts of moss on tree trunks, or within epiphytic pseudobulbs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="72DA4AB86CE342DD025B857885008187" pageNumber="479">
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The fungus gardens of
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<taxonomicName id="0FA36EEC7A939B69C21ED9C525970CDA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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are grown on insect faeces and other bits of debris collected by the foraging workers. They do not at all resemble the large spongiform fungus gardens of
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<taxonomicName id="55782485C3E07ED62B7029E36AD18AB1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2366" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Atta Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6817AF7E546A02E3ACF3334DBD72C3A6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2323" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Acromyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, and some other genera. Instead, the fungus consists of cheese-like bodies up to 0.5 mm in diameter. These bodies, or bromatia, are placed directly on the excrement from which they derive nutriment. Two species in the
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<taxonomicName id="2A0EC9084C7E12349B9A2A2C36F6FCE7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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group grow a basidiomycete fungus belonging to the Agaricaceae, but the remaining species, as far as is currently known, cultivate bromatia that form solid, polygonal masses of an unidentified yeast-like fungus; Wheeler (1907) named one such fungus Tyridiomycesformicarum. However, until these fungi can be cultured to maturity, their identities and affinities remain unresolved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AA528617DC51EC92FF711C4FBC58C440" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="FD1BFB4E910DB00ADA03738A1A80D40F" pageNumber="479">
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The genus is largely neotropical in distribution and its constituent species were reviewed by Kempf (1964, 1966). In these two papers, Kempf recognized a minimum of 31 species placed in two species groups: the
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<taxonomicName id="F8FA82E0A4B6EFF5DB7821CF5795E43E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28547" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex strigatus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigatus">strigatus</taxonomicName>
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group (15 species) and the
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<taxonomicName id="58A163B0B238A0CF42B9BAC9CB059335" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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group (16 species). One more species was added to the
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<taxonomicName id="AF8A8E213D2348BF2146C29C0F5C25BB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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group by Kempf (1968).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34AFB2447BF040348892CDDC43E70209" pageNumber="479">
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The present study is limited to species in the
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<taxonomicName id="49D8CE0E23E9333F2EC6EAD313AE72D2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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group and particularly the
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<taxonomicName id="B31E08F1347FF18416432EA1B6687759" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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complex. Kempf (1966) left unresolved the status of 16 infraspecific forms assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="F39ED9C2871259BF4CCB0329505E0DA2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">C. rimosus</taxonomicName>
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, noting that this ' ... is both the commonest form in the genus and at the same time a residue of classification. The puzzling variability of the complex, which gave rise to a number of infraspecific names in the past, needs a special study
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE853AD8C5CF405772CB7893D4FA0420" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DA94B919BF64DC952014EF3EDA0E9CE9" pageNumber="479">
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We intend only to amplify and continue the exemplary work of the late Dr Kempf: one adventive species has been discovered in the United States; new synonymy is proposed; four
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="71A62BE58A1E8DD279DECF79E5A21865" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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are described; and several infraspecific forms assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4F03A144AF8FFE5C91150377489D6584" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">C. rimosus</taxonomicName>
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are elevated to specific rank.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3B12CF6F19978545BE5F90E7DF2D377" pageNumber="479">Collections</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="117AD92A1C4CB7F36DFB286B17190B88" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="971262EDF510B6406797B91215E150A3" pageNumber="479">Material used in this study is from the following collections: British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH); Museo de Instituto di Zoologia Sistematica, Universita di Torino (MIZS); Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ); Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (MHNG); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM); United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM); and the personal collections of the junior author (LONG), J.C. Trager OCT), and G.J. Umphrey (UMPH).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53694E774B94F589967963390E53BAF1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B348CDC45F5A91F8B645E8AB0C07C8D0" pageNumber="480">Terminology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3FC17AB6606CE023E4762A77327DE064" pageNumber="480">In general, the descriptive mode follows that of Kempf; 1964, 1966; in order to facilitate comparison with his descriptions. The morphological terminology is conventional and follows Kempf, except that we prefer 'propodeum' to 'epinotum'. The symbol' [[worker]]' is used for worker and '[[queen]] ' is used for female or queen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B41C2854846A1A476282520292C37ED" pageNumber="480">Head width is measured between the outer margins of the head, in full frontal view, at the upper margin of the eyes and does not include the supraocular tubercle when it is present. Head length is the maximum measurable length between the lower clypeal margin and the apex of the occipital corner, lobe, or spine, as appropriate. The interocular distance is the minimum distance between the inner margins of the compound eyes. The eye length is the maximum diameter of the eye as seen in lateral view and the oculomandibular distance is the minimum distance between the lower eye margin and the mandible base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0CD3D0FED7CCDDA0AB9E9A495E22D699" pageNumber="480">In the descriptions of new species, measurements for the holotype are followed, in parentheses, by those for the remaining specimens in the type series.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D16FC442E0DDA40A45F0190EE2112653" pageNumber="480">SYSTEMATICS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8F2F68E76A4F746EAFA885F75385C95" pageNumber="480">
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In his two papers reviewing the species of
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<taxonomicName id="E6509059105BAF68AF0A3026E145FB4C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, Kempf (1964, 1966) divided the genus into two species groups, the sirigosus group and the
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<taxonomicName id="57F21FCC2381E40099399E46C52296D2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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group. The subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="DD523284FA86A983377C046937B94DFE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146889" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomannia Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomannia</taxonomicName>
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Weber, 1938 (type-species
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<taxonomicName id="DEBF2EACCCEE2F3F976AEBA5E6B5A144" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28530" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber</taxonomicName>
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, 1938) was treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="EC5FE8715DDD8AE738B25AF8962495EB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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because its type-species was included in the
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<taxonomicName id="4963B0C0A625BEB4CE48CD9226255258" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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group, to which the generitype also belongs. Although Weber '1966 attempted to reinstate
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<taxonomicName id="E867DA604EBDC719E34895F68371A06A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146889" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomannia Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomannia</taxonomicName>
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, we (ind his conclusions less compelling that those of Kempf (1964, 1968).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E14F25A00B3BD0AB8838AF027EE02EC" pageNumber="480">Kempf (1964) deflned the two species groups as follows:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0EE728BBCF8D59D9EFD21B5C10264B1D" pageNumber="480">
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I. Group of
|
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<taxonomicName id="DD3AA6A3432569A2DA0825C64ABCDB47" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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: Preocular carina curving mesally above eves, not joining up with the postocular carina, which extends from the occipital corner to posterior or inferior border of eye this character is not well-expressed in
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<taxonomicName id="5C75CEAFC5ECF9567CA930D886D1036F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28533" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex longiscapus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscapus">longiscapus</taxonomicName>
|
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and allies, which resemble the
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<taxonomicName id="AE7CA4B37CB14D4AA44DE19E465A2516" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28547" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex strigatus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigatus">strigatus</taxonomicName>
|
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group in this respect); mandibles with 5 teeth only; two or no median pronotal tubercles present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F04BD9C8CCD1ED6B98B4CCA299718B0E" pageNumber="480">
|
|
Six subgroups are recognized here:
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<taxonomicName id="1ACA39B015E053F84799FED887952265" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28529" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex kirbyi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">kirbyi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FCD0768B63C20BD9FB2FDB5B8BDF8162" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28522" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex costatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">costatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName id="03638FE31E3A4B85F1532B09C92CE998" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28527" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex foxi André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">foxi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C521520CFAF1597F68787AE4DB39320A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="85E5AAD5B6EB4766F744265469B7C666" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28546" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex salvini Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini">salvini</taxonomicName>
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, and
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|
<taxonomicName id="279CD08E5C70D09743DCAA36E24C2854" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28530" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">laevigatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3D5278671A7269666FEA1DC3FE919FD5" pageNumber="480">
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II. Group of
|
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<taxonomicName id="356C991AF257CBECCE58EE43FAFD07B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28547" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex strigatus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigatus">strigatus</taxonomicName>
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|
: Preocular carina extending all the way back to the occipital corner, forming the inferior border of the antennal scrobe; mandibles with 7 or more teeth, gradually diminishing in size towards base; a single median pronotal tubercle usually well developed in the worker caste.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="D01D76EFC14A8F63B7BA3AA1A3C5E32E" pageNumber="480">
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The following key will serve to separate workers of the members of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="570EF61669ED971A926D6BC79CB42955" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
group that we recognize. It is based, in part, on the key by Kempf (1966). The species treatments following the key omit
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4B33704E23916600636EE6D688F273FD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28522" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex costatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">C. costatus Mann</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="7DDF8AE633D4A3C07CE2F62BF7C57E62" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28551" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex wheeleri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">C. wheeleri Forel</taxonomicName>
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|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA04CA0E97B7606A1F50463F3B3D210A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28522" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex costatus Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">costatus</taxonomicName>
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|
subgroup),
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|
<taxonomicName id="E2A7DE806130E3C1229593578DDD37B1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28529" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex kirbyi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">C. kirbyi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="EB8EEA78CE231509FB8265082C331E4F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28548" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">C. transversus Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D11D3B085DD7C87BB33DF4914767B227" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28517" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex bicornis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">C. bicornis Forel</taxonomicName>
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|
; all were adequately covered by Kempf (1966) and we have no new data to present.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="0318F1C0CDC856FA61508E5D08667295" type="key">
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|
<paragraph id="0079626A07756701193E645685FA2832" pageNumber="480">
|
|
Key to species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7DCB0DD63645A61D0D50A416DAF3D255" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus</taxonomicName>
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|
group workers
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="F8F797F5A1B74156C668A933B3C3A849" pageNumber="480">
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|
1 Preocular carina not curved mesally in front of eye; posterolateral limit of scrobe marked by a difference in sculpture and usually without posterior carina (Fig. 30.34), except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="119A950E79A32825FB04ED6C062F7ADF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28551" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex wheeleri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">C. wheeleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 30.36) 2
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="06667EF5277934A4ADCA5DA0CFEAD05F" pageNumber="480">- Preocular carina curved mesally in front of eye; posterolateral limit of scrobe marked by another carina arising from occipital corner and extending to border of eye, but never confluent with preocular carina (Fig. 30.35) 4</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="137048ABE4E92BFD0CC997F803CD6E28" pageNumber="480">2(1) Antennal scape not surpassing occipital corner in repose; lateral pronotal tubercles prominent; posterior genal carina present 3</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="37AE4E4878EC0C7BEA763CD97803CE65" pageNumber="480">
|
|
- Antennal scape surpassing occipital corner in repose; lateral pronotal tubercles absent; posterior genal carina absent below
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96A85E43A054362BA553AFB9FA2DAED9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28533" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex longiscapus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiscapus">longiscapus Weber</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EB5ED901E6C13B089351E4B9EE7425BC" pageNumber="480">3(2) Disc of first gastral tergum with strong longitudinal ridge on each side of middle; midpronotal tubercles absent; postero-dorsal margin of petiole neither drawn out nor bidentate costatus Mann</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="C16523C9F51463CF45E7181D1E96E9AD" pageNumber="480">
|
|
- Disc of first gastral tergum without costa on either side of middle; mid-pronotal tubercles present; postero-dorsal margin of petiole drawn out as foliaceous bidentate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6932EBFA9A52364E3BD68C939DDFB9B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28551" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex wheeleri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wheeleri">
|
|
lamina
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DCA0F7A613FA8A5FD5A9AD53E7201268" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28551" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex wheeleri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">wheeleri Forel</taxonomicName>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="9C4E0FC9498E6A0C596DDD732D7C3674">
|
|
<paragraph id="EB01A0BFE93DD334C500A9017858BCFB" pageNumber="481">
|
|
<pageStartToken id="19AA4CE4F6ADFFD7E9D60347208B3EF4" pageNumber="481">Figs</pageStartToken>
|
|
30.1-30.9
|
|
<taxonomicName id="84126192A6EA89740AC3542D2E963C32" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp., frontal view of worker head. 1,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0AF1B1E61A4FEE9F9D793CDEE99EECA5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28516" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex bicarinatus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">C. bicarinatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 2,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0172D600974C2505BB7243697AA2F1A9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28521" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex cornutus Kempf" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">C. cornutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 3,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14C2FD53F5A7C950696EF09D05FC6169" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex dixus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dixus">C. dixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 4,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB8B2F4D194F23FE414278A0F985A301" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28530" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">C. laevigatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 5,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4A515B894007DF62692E77AD82DECFB1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex major Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">C. major</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 6, C,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="22FB0A4B59898F4648E285926AAF0423" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 7,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="649D6A52EF209715D13CFD1579D3CEC2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28538" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex nesiotus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nesiotus">C. nesiotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 8,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6067B9025FB23BA36BB69421CD85282C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28544" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex podargus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podargus">C. podargus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 9,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D8D441DB753FED86E68FA1CBBF73A2B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">C. rimosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Scale line = 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="9007724998D218FAF29E2F2D46D0BDEE" pageNumber="481">4(1) Antennal scape not surpassing strongly auriculate occipital corner (Fig. 30.4); pronotum without tubercles (Fig. 30.29) 5</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6A5CBEC829EF086C07E3300FF74F8B6B" pageNumber="481">- Antennal scapes usually surpassing occipital corner (Figs 30.1-30.3, 30.5-30.9); if latter are prolonged, at least lateral pronotal tubercles are present (Fig. 30.30) 6</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9A31565CBE68A683C5C3806B03211166" pageNumber="481">
|
|
5(4) Anterior mesonotal tubercles conical, posterior tubercles low and tumuliform; petiole node much less than three times wider than long
|
|
<taxonomicName id="89DCE1574FAE2CCF23FF83C1E4D6189C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28517" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex bicornis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">bicornis Forel</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="78E0C87B9A960C04095E834196405235" pageNumber="481">
|
|
- Mesosoma completely unarmed, dorsal profile evenly rounded (Fig. 30.29); petiole node about three times broader than long
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0148C170368D9AC61D0327C5794102B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28530" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex laevigatus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">laevigatus Weber</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FA439D8329495810E784ACA257919F20" pageNumber="481">6(4) Mid-pronotal tubercle pair absent 7</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6CEA97C9FBE1CE2B98ACA8501E7B08F2" pageNumber="481">- Mid-pronotal tubercle pair present 11</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="90429F869666633A06F087E13B845680" pageNumber="481">7(6) Metafemur dilated and ventrally carinate at basal one-third (Fig. 30.23); funicular segments 2-8 about as long as broad 8</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="016B5BF766E8A459BDA31A4DBF11542D" pageNumber="481">- Metafemur not dilated and ventrally carinate at basal one-third (Figs 30.26, 30.27 funicular segments 2-8 distinctly longer than broad 9</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5B375AD78D6177FCA7C8D2D989C7492A" pageNumber="482">
|
|
8(7) Propodeum dentate with basal face laterally marginate to carinate (Fig. 30.31); apex of scape scarcely surpassing tip of occipital corner
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A93566D214A869CBE2C08DB54997AC91" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28526" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex flavidus Pergande" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidus">flavidus Pergande</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="74B0A18B21495D5CC003A2EABA7E23EA" pageNumber="482">
|
|
- Propodeum edentate and basal face rounded, neither marginate nor carinate laterally -'Fig, 30.32); apex of scape surpassing occipital corner by more than its greatest thickness
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DB2679464059D78DB95395B09E51A90E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28542" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex peltatus Kempf" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peltatus">peltatus Kempf</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CD5536E34D25B5437FB4CEB3C77E2814" pageNumber="482">9(7) Occipital corner low and obtuse, not spine-like (Fig. 30.7); anterior mesonotal tubercles low and obtuse (Fig. 30.15) 10</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="07A93240A02F94DE154F4F7BC7280E79" pageNumber="482">
|
|
- Occipital corner prominent and spine-like (Fig. 30.2); anterior mesonotal tubercles prominent, acute and distinctly longer than wide at base (Fig. 30.30)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="42E01BE945A9D651721551A89D372F58" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28521" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex cornutus Kempf" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">cornutus Kempf</taxonomicName>
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="11DD59230060FEC0C80B6F04CF6069BA" pageNumber="482">
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|
10(9) Anterior clypeal margin distinctly emarginate in middle; parafrontal tooth conspicuous (Fig. 30.7); propodeum not angulate in profile (Fig. 30.15)
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|
<taxonomicName id="21B4AF431E1B8CBCBC512F678C1BBDF6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28538" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex nesiotus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nesiotus">nesiotus</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D0E9BB5C626C8A0A29D7196EBE93BF26" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="52E2F3478CFB680A42CCA30C38888DB3" pageNumber="482">
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|
- Clypeal margin straight; parafrontal tooth weak; propodeum angulate in profile (Fig. 30.12)
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|
<taxonomicName id="D48B2CF4403FF3A225BF9EE85722C7F2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28529" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex kirbyi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">kirbyi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="5733E9194DAF6DCC3B6F0393C7B81DD6">
|
|
<paragraph id="369DDE30AC6315B1F25A298D519674B4" pageNumber="482">
|
|
Figs 30.10-30.17
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8F3980C79F2DB157ACF2DD29C9A4C81F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2389" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp,, lateral view of worker mesosoma. 10,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F9A48629CF23E1E6F794E138951234D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28516" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex bicarinatus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">C. bicarinatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 11,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="504E9E5B5FA1507F5B26BF905FF0DAC4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex dixus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dixus">C. dixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 12,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7459E26640BA00A861740462ECB88318" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28529" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex kirbyi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">C. kirbyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 13,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46AAB3FE451E554EA03B416D21D7376B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex major Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">C. major</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 14,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4A300B76C07A9555DFEA75FABA173703" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">C. minutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 15,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A461710CB342FCC3B312B8AF3D13F721" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28538" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex nesiotus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nesiotus">C. nesiotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 16,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70E51E8AC8F9A77A1396403F248F1B68" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28544" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex podargus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podargus">C. podargus</taxonomicName>
|
|
; 17,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9D780632ADE4E289DA8027DE53CA9356" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">C. rimosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Scale line = 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="20EB76AD5D46C8E7FB7010C574623B2D" pageNumber="483">11(6) Maximum expansion of frontal carinae less than, or equal to, distance between eyes (Fig. 30.8); mesosoma finely but distinctly rugose lateral pronotal and anterior mesonotal tubercles long and spine-like) 12</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="4D36109EE2BAB84EF9AAAFDFA5DEE621" pageNumber="483">- Maximum expansion of frontal carinae conspicuously greater than distance between eyes (Figs 50.1-30.7); mesosoma granulose, without rugae 13</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="6B62A9F823C1EDF9F01BEDC7C82C5204" pageNumber="483">12(11) Expanse of frontal carinae less than interocular distance; propodeum with pair of longitudinal submedian carinae; dorsal lobes of post-petiole strongly raised and subspiniform foxi Andre</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6F515B365D5C910A8978B2EAC484C648" pageNumber="483">
|
|
- Expanse of frontal carinae at least equal to interocular distance; propodeum without longitudinal submedian carinae; dorsal lobes of post-petiole low and rounded
|
|
<taxonomicName id="251EC769DE17B0620E80D041C4FF2F9D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28544" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex podargus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podargus">podargus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="95687918FB3458E70446E7BAC958B05D" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="62E37D78DE43FB533633897E2EA55F09" pageNumber="483">13(11) Occipital corners, in frontal view, elevated as a broad lobe (Figs 30.1, 30.5) or distinctly spine-like; anterior mesonotai tubercles high, usually conical 14</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D6097AF330332E9E80BD62FFCEFCDFDC" pageNumber="483">- Occipital corners, in frontal view, low and subangulate, neither elevated nor spine-like (Figs 30.6, 30.9); anterior mesonotai tubercles usually low and tumuliform 17</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8C0EC00DE6D51BFAF1C99CE99E10C66E" pageNumber="483">14(13) Occipital corner produced as spine-like process (Fig. 30.1) and frontal carina not reaching base of process; anterior mesonotai tubercle high, conical 15</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FDFE0793B9D2216313CEC4D8E7C7EC73" pageNumber="483">
|
|
- Occipital corner produced as broad lobe, frontal carina extending to top of lobe to join posterior carina (Fig. 30.5); anterior mesonotai tubercle high but obtuse (Fig. 30.13)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5519EF20041777C178A1DFEB95BC2A83" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex major Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major Forel</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="41585CFD16B7E9A1D8FB832B20B91FFF" pageNumber="483">15(14) Basal longitudinal groove of first gastral tergum distinct; posterior mesonotai tubercles conical; appressed and subappressed hairs of first gastral tergum broad and scale-like 16</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C72D524B423AE7835DB00EBF1322F707" pageNumber="483">
|
|
- Basal longitudinal groove of first gastral tergum weak or absent; posterior mesonotal tubercles low, not tooth-like; hairs of first gastral tergum slender or broad, all appressed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3977E6891B6886B5E79F68FE415C5182" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28550" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex vorticis Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorticis">vorticis Weber</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D4A5696AC08037CB6B4DD64E1D1BCC3F" pageNumber="483">
|
|
16(15) Occipital spine higher than broad at base; propodeum without sharply defined lateral ridges and without tooth on declivity; posterior mesonotal tubercle lower and more obtuse than anterior tubercle
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B015E7FF23ED41A4B53CCAD6C8B2C521" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28546" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex salvini Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini">salvini Forel</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FA9D9235A1634E092BF5D30BCF4D516B" pageNumber="483">
|
|
- Occipital spine broader at base than high; propodeum with sharply defined lateral carinae terminating on declivity as a triangular tooth (Fig. 30.10); posterior mesonotal tubercle nearly as high and acute as anterior tooth
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B751BDAA627E94D864C0F00AA7229118" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28516" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex bicarinatus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">bicarinatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F7882D357C472CFA01904CB6296CC46" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8EB73178CB2D78DB82D23123355A07BC" pageNumber="483">17(13) Node of petiole less than three times as broad as long; disc of node of post-petiole with median impression shallow and ill-defined; body hairs usually fine 18</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5E6E197FD110410AA0EA379FB274FD7C" pageNumber="483">
|
|
- Node of petiole three times as broad as long; disc of node of post-petiole broad and deeply impressed; body hairs thickly
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D54B65121C8E960CAF1C4B32E841A66E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28548" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="transversus">squamosa transversus Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B0120117FC6DBA3F701DE1B2BF6FC222" pageNumber="483">18(17) Hairs on head and gaster appressed and scaliform, mesosomal tubercles usually low and tumuliform, but if subacute or dentiform, propodeum is bispinose 19</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8894D0F78564DB5FB294682E41DD099A" pageNumber="483">
|
|
- Hairs on head and first gastral tergum recurved or hook-like, neither appressed nor scaliform; thoracic tubercles sharply pointed and propodeum without spines
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DFDFAABF2EE3FFBEF4BCF61AAE84FA37" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28528" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex hamulatus Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamulatus">hamulatus Weber</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="020E555C3F7BAD17D45C059D02D150B9" pageNumber="484">19(18) Declivitous face of propodeum slightly angulate or with pair of broad, tooth-like protuberances (Figs 30.14, 30.1 7) 20</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="995B391055EB90CD869E3DFBC11E8AA4" pageNumber="484">
|
|
- Declivitous face of propodeum with pair of definitely spiniform processes fFig. 30.1 1
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A42B9B77A8541910CCECBEA8E0334A90" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex dixus Snelling & Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dixus">dixus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A4371270C0F16C6E5E83F7B22B892867" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3276FD8A21366FF2E6F68A0CE062954E" pageNumber="484">
|
|
20 (19) Small species, head width 0.56 mm or less; hairs in centre of first gastral tergum closely appressed and mostly separated by more than their own lengths; median basal groove of first gastral tergum short and usually indistinct (Fig. 30.22)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="39F2DD63F572FFE1CAF6FA7751105E8E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex minutus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CBD0896040F01812F8D5394B1B25FE91" pageNumber="484">
|
|
- Larger species, head width more than 0.62 mm; hairs in centre of first gastral tergum coarse, not fully appressed, and mostly separated by less than their own lengths; basal groove of first gastral tergum distinct and more than twice as long as wide (Fig. 30.21)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="418980B78781F8D419B9DC04959F68F3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28545" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cyphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cyphomyrmex rimosus (Spinola)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimosus">rimosus (Spinola)</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |