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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="33439" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb2da6f4-ce38-4e71-9dc4-25a7536fc12e" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-51-203" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE6CE007944F37B15278B45FF9A285D" ID-ZBK="DB4AA5747B144544A501B9A8FA1F0C93" ID-Zenodo-Dep="147938" ID-ZooBank="DB4AA5747B144544A501B9A8FA1F0C93" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2607-51-203" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51" ModsDocTitle="Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio" checkinTime="1472501763768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ivanov, Kaloyan" docDate="2016" docId="1F0C61F7D3EF97C4AE2E9AA368AA7166" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 51: 203-226" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51" docPubDate="2016-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135" docTitle="Linepithema humile Mayr 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE6CE007944F37B15278B45FF9A285D" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="FFE6CE007944F37B15278B45FF9A285D" masterDocTitle="Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio" masterLastPageNumber="226" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="206" updateTime="1732747810440" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7D332D573F0B906A9F2205A13468F5A1">Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4FBE93875FA33ED9C18273B464085E5">Ivanov, Kaloyan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="12378D3CB9152723ACB2E4094EDC1C8E">Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Ave., Martinsville, VA 24112, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:identifier id="B2EFB0BEFBD63DF4D0B7D85FAAFF172A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9135</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1F0C61F7D3EF97C4AE2E9AA368AA7166" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902182" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0C61F7D3EF97C4AE2E9AA368AA7166" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F0C61F7D3EF97C4AE2E9AA368AA7166" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Dolichoderinae">
<subSubSection id="83594D489F6F502D7D1E97F51D9B6BB5" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="59CF83F819A3B6B0C21E12923686BED4" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<taxonomicName id="C251A45EDD93AA78BFF5BAFB198D06C0" ID-CoL="3V2M8" LSID="1F0C61F7-D3EF-97C4-AE2E-9AA368AA7166" authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Linepithema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linepithema humile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humile">Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34671EDE179DB69AA7CDA565AFCFDD5" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E0FBAC439E9DBD551D4CDA7D1C9AB359" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Distribution in Ohio.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2105477BC504AA0E959B324AEBE9DBC" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
Northern Ohio. Counties:
<emphasis id="1A16F076576AC27F1C762B4BE8ABD49A" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Cuyahoga</emphasis>
(Cleveland, 27.x.2005 [KI 1176], 15.xi.2005 [KI 1177], and 01.iii.2015 [observed, not coll.], same locality, leg. K. Ivanov, in a greenhouse) and an unspecified Ohio record in
<bibRefCitation id="786BDD6158916ED8B67944205BDC8F6E" author="Arnett, RH" journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press, Gainsville" pageId="18" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 1024" refId="B1" refString="Arnett, RH, 1993. American insects. In: A handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainsville: 1 - 1024" title="American insects." volumeTitle="A handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico." year="1993">Arnett (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9A9C7F765DDE2B8037E0F60D1A1FDABD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Linepithema humile (1), Tapinoma melanocephalum (2), Nylanderia flavipes (3), and Paratrechina longicornis (4) in Ohio." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9135.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100883" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="36098D86F2C579D45DF9658EDDD171C8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="982095" doi="10.3897/jhr.51.9135.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100883" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="4467B1FE21A73C6CDAEE96B2B1576356" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="76EC08EA0CF78ED9CFC7802E4B2F84F3" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="00F88E89EB9301A22E195C84825E4D25" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Linepithema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linepithema humile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="430CB4846BAAF7D090CE8D00BA1560DF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Linepithema humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="88C6166172C45946460547659790D8CF" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">1</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="7618A5688887F8DCF36CDF0E4F8C892B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma melanocephalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalum">
<emphasis id="443ECC774565CB7F9709FA2246D626D5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Tapinoma melanocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="E413A955A4A66A65E9611A6995E22580" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">2</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="25E38D7B04E0B9CC8A14FD1AF1289D80" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="937F3AA8B0B42AF2C9653935E089D23B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Nylanderia flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="3B1D81ECEC5003AF87017E580BFCF088" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">3</emphasis>
), and
<taxonomicName id="79E8335546A11572B5750F403E540232" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratrechina longicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="D64C1D4FD53E7F8835DF004ECAE295DF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Paratrechina longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="CB8ABE3FC91E2EC0E94AB0E4D07D868E" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">4</emphasis>
) in Ohio.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B5D1542CBA286C15552C55A5E88E68" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="E1EF17684F0EA4993C3E1BD27D996C65" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Where found/Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25BDFD0A05AA4684B5DD6E90712CD25E" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Indoors, in greenhouses and conservatories.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C050DA639595A6290FF60CFD4D84BB49" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="origin">
<paragraph id="F3117347E47D7602F2D315E374646289" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Origin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1567A4C20D9B1CEBF701B4EB03D05C72" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
The
<normalizedToken id="B53FD7C349DBC1C45A0C2107378FD58D" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
River drainage basin of South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5BA3C9D522DDC673989AE2D6E04CFFAC" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="59EB0C6AD7696EA1D524E46AFEE34499" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="704E17751075AE3341049D128C0E7FAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
The Argentine ant is amongst the
<normalizedToken id="100710CD63ABE698C84A9014B6AFDF4B" originalValue="worlds">world's</normalizedToken>
most successful invasive species and is a nuisance everywhere it occurs. It is established primarily in regions with Mediterranean climate where it has been shown to have profound negative impacts on native biota (
<bibRefCitation id="8CD8DF5899734C4CA18A0A2FCC609BAB" author="Suarez, AV" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="224" pagination="2041 - 2056" publicationUrl="10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2041:EOFAIO]2.0.CO;2" refId="B54" refString="Suarez, AV, Bolger, DT, Case, TJ, 1998. Effects of fragmentation and invasion on native ant communities in coastal southern California. Ecology 79: 2041 - 2056, DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2041:EOFAIO]2.0.CO;2" title="Effects of fragmentation and invasion on native ant communities in coastal southern California." url="10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2041:EOFAIO]2.0.CO;2" volume="79" year="1998">Suarez et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F0CD7565788BDA9958897C27D41AB8F9" author="Touyama, Y" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="21" pageNumber="224" pagination="57 - 62" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1343-8786.2003.00008.x" refId="B57" refString="Touyama, Y, Ogata, K, Sugiyama, T, 2003. The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, in Japan: Assessment of impact on species diversity of ant communities in urban environments. Entomological Science 6: 57 - 62, DOI: 10.1046/j.1343-8786.2003.00008.x" title="The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, in Japan: Assessment of impact on species diversity of ant communities in urban environments." url="10.1046/j.1343-8786.2003.00008.x" volume="6" year="2003">Touyama et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Workers of this genus can be identified by their broadly concave clypeus and the peculiar mandibular dentition arranged in a series of small denticles interspersed with larger single teeth. In the Northeast
<taxonomicName id="E5E71BADA075E0E32E87621C727F56B9" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Linepithema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linepithema humile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="F247AEC094A6794DD634EDCBABD24464" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Linepithema humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the superficially similar
<taxonomicName id="417337E6C3E6B5924667E6753166A384" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BAF65331CC6B1D84A8ED60B001F11189" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Tapinoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a well-developed petiolar scale and the vertical orientation of the first gastral segment which does not project over the petiole.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="013F1F480023393047FE357AD59D2120" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
This cosmopolitan species often thrives in disturbed habitats with abundant moisture. Nests are most often in soil, but also under cover objects, refuse piles and more rarely under tree bark. The main dietary component is honeydew from hemipterans, although these ants will also take other sweet substances including household food items, and occasionally will feed on insects (
<bibRefCitation id="863DCD5DFEF8BAA1D597C07597FCC396" author="Smith, MR" journalOrPublisher="USDA Technical Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B51" refString="Smith, MR, 1965. House-infesting ants of the eastern United States; their recognition, biology, and economic importance. USDA Technical Bulletin 1326: 1 - 105" title="House-infesting ants of the eastern United States; their recognition, biology, and economic importance." volume="1326" year="1965">Smith 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF1B7AB2C6FF56DE9CA3BD87A4C63299" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
Throughout its introduced range Argentine ant colonies are polygynous with pronounced unicoloniality (i.e., the formation of large colonies with multiple nests). A key attribute to the ecological success of this species thus is the absence of intraspecific aggression within the large colony (
<bibRefCitation id="929220D11254185521628E99E9D10AD3" author="Tsutsui, ND" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="21" pageNumber="224" pagination="976 - 985" publicationUrl="10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0976:PGACSO]2.0.CO;2" refId="B60" refString="Tsutsui, ND, Case, TJ, 2001. Population genetics and colony structure of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in its native and introduced ranges. Evolution 55: 976 - 985, DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0976:PGACSO]2.0.CO;2" title="Population genetics and colony structure of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in its native and introduced ranges." url="10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0976:PGACSO]2.0.CO;2" volume="55" year="2001">Tsutsui and Case 2001</bibRefCitation>
). These characteristics give argentine ant colonies remarkable capacity to expand, and populations can reach extremely large sizes and cover extensive geographic areas to the detriment of other, less populous, species (
<bibRefCitation id="63CCCDF3C0CB384BAB79B09423839357" author="Giraud, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="222" pagination="6075 - 6079" publicationUrl="10.1073/pnas.092694199" refId="B22" refString="Giraud, T, Pedersen, JS, Keller, L, 2002. Evolution of supercolonies: the Argentine ants of southern Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99: 6075 - 6079, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.092694199" title="Evolution of supercolonies: the Argentine ants of southern Europe." url="10.1073/pnas.092694199" volume="99" year="2002">Giraud et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73759DD0CA0E77F80CEB0527C9713D54" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<normalizedToken id="0659EE59F4BB7D32BE8AB3351CA1C9DC" originalValue="Ohios">Ohio's</normalizedToken>
only confirmed record of this species comes from a greenhouse in Cleveland where I have observed large numbers of ground foragers on paved surfaces, exposed soil, and on tropical plant debris on the ground. In many cases foragers were accumulating around sugar syrup stations, banana, apple and other fruit pieces used for feeding tropical butterflies. Due to logistical limitations, I was not able to conduct nest searches at this location. The very high worker densities observed, however, suggest that this species now has well-established indoor colonies at this site. At present, this species can survive in the north only in heated buildings, where occasionally it can be a persistent and troublesome pest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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