240 lines
21 KiB
XML
240 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256" ID-PMC="PMC5523868" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-81-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB7FFC6FF8DFFE1186CBF0A20149755" ID-PubMed="28785162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="816492" ModsDocID="1314-2003-81-1" checkinTime="1496887949869" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brewer, Steven W. & Stott, Gail L." docDate="2017" docId="15EFB18FB88A5153A9C9A93C139E0B53" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 81: 1-10" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 81" docPubDate="2017-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256" docTitle="Cinnamomum bladenense S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB7FFC6FF8DFFE1186CBF0A20149755" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFB7FFC6FF8DFFE1186CBF0A20149755" masterDocTitle="A new species of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) from the Bladen Nature Reserve, southern Belize" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668141975686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) from the Bladen Nature Reserve, southern Belize</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brewer, Steven W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education, PO Box 129 Punta Gorda, Belize, Central America</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">brewersw@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stott, Gail L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 1 3 RB, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>81</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-81-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB7FFC6FF8DFFE1186CBF0A20149755</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">816492</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226076" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15EFB18FB88A5153A9C9A93C139E0B53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15EFB18FB88A5153A9C9A93C139E0B53" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="15EFB18F-B88A-5153-A9C9-A93C139E0B53" authority="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense" status="sp. nov.">Cinnamomum bladenense S.W. Brewer & G.L. Stott</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-02-02" collectorName="S. W. Brewer, G. L. Stott" country="BELIZE" elevation="320" latitude="16.552334" location="Medina Bank" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-88.730415" municipality="Bladen Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toledo District" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Belize">BELIZE</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Belize" name="Toledo">Toledo District</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality>Bladen Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
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, c.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
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north of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15EFB18FB88A5153A9C9A93C139E0B53:14ACEE8699726FE88246319D541A8616" country="BELIZE" latitude="16.552334" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-88.730415" municipality="Bladen Nature Reserve" name="Medina Bank" stateProvince="Toledo District">Medina Bank</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="33.14" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.552334">16°33.14'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="43.825" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.730415">88°43.825'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2016-02-02">2 February 2016</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>S. W. Brewer</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>G.L. Stott</collectorName>
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7529
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</emphasis>
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, (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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, MO!; isotypes BM!, BRH!, CICY!, MO!, NY!, XAL)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cinnamomum bladenense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kosterm" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Standley" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum brenesii" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brenesii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cinnamomum brenesii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Standl.) Kosterm. from which it differs by its much smaller (c. 2.1 vs. 3 mm long) and campanulate (vs. urceolate) flowers, its inner tepals glabrous abaxially (vs. pubescent), its shorter petioles (<10 vs.> 10 mm), its moderately and minutely sericeous (vs. tomentose) younger twigs, and its abaxially matte green (vs. light-green glaucous) mature leaves with clearly prominent secondary venation abaxially (vs. venation nearly plane with the lamina).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Tree 25 m tall, 26 cm DBH; bole round and mostly straight, with a low, narrow buttress of irregular-sized planks (Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Lower trunk and buttress of Cinnamomum bladenense B Bark and shallow trunk slash. Photos of same individual tree as Brewer & Stott 7529 by SW Brewer 18 March 2014." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/139376" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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). Outer bark smooth, light-to-medium gray with a pinkish cast, occasional eye marks and rings, and lines of inconspicuous lenticels oriented lengthwise. Inner bark pinkish-brown with a moderately-pungent, chemical odor like that of bathroom cleaner (volatile, soapy).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994093" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/139376" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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Lower trunk and buttress of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense">Cinnamomum bladenense</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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Bark and shallow trunk slash. Photos of same individual tree as
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brewer & Stott 7529</emphasis>
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by SW Brewer 18 March 2014.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Terminal buds moderately to densely sericeous with yellowish-white hairs. Twigs with slender, parallel, longitudinal grooves & low ridges (striate) to striate-angulate, less frequently laterally compressed and ridged-angulate, thinly to moderately-densely, minutely sericeous with silvery-white to yellowish, straight or weakly curved hairs 0.04-0.20 (0.3) mm long. Leaves alternate, thick-chartaceous to sub-coriaceous, ovate to ovate-elliptic, apex acute to shortly acuminate (rarely obtuse or rounded), base acute; within-branch leaf sizes highly variable, 11-31 mm wide
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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35-86 mm long; petioles 3-9 mm, broadly and shallowly canaliculate, minutely sericeous. Venation mostly triplinerved, some subtriplinerved, the basal lateral nerves reaching c.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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to ⅔ the length of the lamina; secondary veins 6-8; midvein and secondary veins immersed above, higher-order venation minutely impressed; midvein and secondary veins prominent below, higher order venation prominulous or minutely so. Inconspicuous domatia present in the form of barbellate axils of the basal-most pair of secondary veins, plane with the lamina, and usually present in one or two additional axils along the midrib, (rarely absent from a leaf). Laminae adaxially glossy, medium-dark green, glabrescent, with minute, mostly appressed to spreading, undulate to crisped, white to yellow-brown hairs on the basal portion of the midvein. Abaxial laminae light green, matte (to thinly and inconspicuously glaucous on young leaves), glabrescent or with very thinly-scattered, minute, subappressed and weakly undulate hairs; mid and lateral veins typically thinly minutely sericeous with appressed to subappressed hairs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Inflorescences paniculate-cymose in leaf axils, 40-80 (130) mm, axes moderately covered in minute, mostly appressed (to spreading), straight to crisped hairs; bracts ligulate, mostly deciduous, to c. 5 mm long. Flowers narrowly campanulate, c. 2.0 mm long, on pedicels (2.0) 2.3-2.8 (-3.4) mm, drying dark brown to blackish-brown. Tepals 6, abscising nearly to the base in fruit, in flower spreading at shallow angles to the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="flower’s">flower's</normalizedToken>
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long axis, glabrous abaxially, sericeous adaxially, the margins basally ciliolate, ovate to broadly elliptic, outer c. 1.9 mm and inner c. 2.3 mm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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c. 1 mm. Stamens 9, 0.8-1.4 mm, all four-celled, filaments pubescent on both surfaces, inner three with sub-globose glands at the base; staminodia 0.8-0.9 mm, filaments pubescent, heads cordate, to 0.5-0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.4 mm. Pistil 1.1-1.9 mm, the style c. 10% longer than the ovary. Hypanthium sericeous inside, glabrous outside. Immature fruits thinly-glaucous green or green, ellipsoid to 10.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6.0 mm. Cupules to 4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.8 mm, tepal remnants inconspicuous, to 0.26 mm above the bottom of the sinus between tepal remnants, pedicels partly turbinate in fruit (Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic and other fertile characters of Cinnamomum bladenense A Axillary inflorescences on dry branch with all but one leaf removed to show variation in size and degree of branching B Apical portion of inflorescence showing flowers in bud and anthesis C Leafy branch with infructescence D Immature fruits with cupules showing partially turbinate pedicels, remnants of tepals at summit of the cupule, cupules turning red. Photos from Brewer & Stott 7529 by SW Brewer 2 February 2016." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/139378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994095" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/139377" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Diagnostic vegetative characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense">Cinnamomum bladenense</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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Branch showing adaxial surface and variation of leaf sizes within branches
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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Abaxial surface of leaves showing matte green laminae and prominent midvein and secondary venation
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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Young twigs moderately and minutely sericeous with whitish buds
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
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From the base of the same leaf lamina, respectively, adaxial surface of secondary vein axils not ampullous, abaxial surface of secondary veins barbellate and plane with the lamina surface. Photos from Brewer & Stott 7529 by SW Brewer 2 February 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994097" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.81.13256.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/139378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Diagnostic and other fertile characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cinnamomum bladenense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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Axillary inflorescences on dry branch with all but one leaf removed to show variation in size and degree of branching
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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Apical portion of inflorescence showing flowers in bud and anthesis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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Leafy branch with infructescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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Immature fruits with cupules showing partially turbinate pedicels, remnants of tepals at summit of the cupule, cupules turning red. Photos from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brewer & Stott 7529</emphasis>
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by SW Brewer 2 February 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="start">Other</pageBreakToken>
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specimens examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brewer & Stott 7148</emphasis>
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(from the same individual as the
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<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
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, in sterile condition, collected in
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<date value="2014-03">March 2014</date>
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),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brewer & Stott 6815</emphasis>
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(sterile tree
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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tall,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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DBH, collected in
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<date value="2012-12">December 2012</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The specific epithet honors the type location, the Bladen Nature Reserve, established in 1990 (IUCN Category 1a) to protect the watershed and the unique flora and fauna of the Bladen branch of the Monkey River. The origin of the word
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bladen”">"Bladen"</normalizedToken>
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is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenology and reproduction.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenology data for this species are few; currently, flowering in this species is known to begin with the onset of the dry season, December-January, with fruits developing in January and February. The trees are not known to be fertile below 15 cm DBH and are not fertile every year.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cinnamomum bladenense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently known only from fewer than 10 individuals on two limestone ridge-and-knoll systems south of the Bladen branch of the Monkey River, a few km upstream from where the Bladen descends into the coastal plain. This canopy tree species occurs in semi-evergreen forest c. 25 m high on very-well-drained, steep and rocky slopes on Cretaceous limestone. Similar habitat occurs southwest of the type location nearly to the Guatemala border, and northeast of the type location to the southeastern portion of the Cockscomb Basin, along the southeastern foothills of the Maya Mountains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Population information is too limited to support an assessment of the extinction risk faced by
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. W. Brewer & G. L. Stott" authorityYear="2017" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum bladenense" order="Laurales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bladenense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cinnamomum bladenense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the category of Data Deficient (DD) is appropriate, according to
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Gland and Cambridge" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" publicationUrl="http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Categories_and_Criteria_en_web%2Bcover%2Bbckcover.pdf" refId="B2" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Gland and Cambridge, http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Categories_and_Criteria_en_web%2Bcover%2Bbckcover.pdf" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1" url="http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Categories_and_Criteria_en_web%2Bcover%2Bbckcover.pdf" year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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criteria. The known habitat of the species is protected as part of a nature reserve, however anthropogenic fires and illegal logging in the area, including nearby potential habitat, are potential risks to the persistence of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |