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<document id="22CF097B7F00BE2149DA81A35240A102" ID-CLB-Dataset="29001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1459506" ID-ZooBank="DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1539326878349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan &amp; Hong, Ki-Jeong" docDate="2018" docId="0974884CB657FFF5FF6CFF3200C6FA09" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4460.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4460 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paralecanium expansum" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="F54DF034B673FFD1FFFBFFA5024BFFD6" masterDocTitle="Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1729028233848" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="7BCD7B61F958163AF775CA6FD7FBD141">Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1697EA78048D3A9B5F5AA66350D86375">Choi, Jinyeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D494759FB6CD0FBA9B1C32DB1A3683A">Lee, Seunghwan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0974884CB657FFF5FF6CFF3200C6FA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966454" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148695352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0974884CB657FFF5FF6CFF3200C6FA09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0974884CB657FFF5FF6CFF3200C6FA09" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF6CFF32036DFF05" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF6CFF32003DFF64" blockId="36.[151,630,151,211]" box="[151,630,151,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="DA2A8E36B657FFF5FF6CFF32003DFF64" bold="true" box="[151,630,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FF6CFF32003DFF64" ID-CoL="5K6SN" authority="(Green, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,630,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF6CFF32003DFF64" bold="true" box="[151,630,151,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF6CFF32038DFF67" bold="true" box="[151,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paralecanium expansum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FE2FFF3D0025FF64" box="[468,622,152,178]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref25360" refString="Green, E. E. (1896) Catalogue of Coccidae collected in Ceylon. Indian Museum Notes, 4, 2 - 10." type="journal article">Green, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF6CFF1F036DFF05" blockId="36.[151,630,151,211]" box="[151,294,186,211]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FF64FF1F02BEFF05" box="[159,245,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="36.[151,249,1248,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 32. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, leg stub near antenna; E, groups of preopercular pores. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459570/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FEFAFF1E0355FF05" box="[257,286,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">33</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF6CFF580041FEC4" box="[151,522,252,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF6CFF580041FEC4" blockId="36.[151,522,252,274]" box="[151,522,252,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A1CD1E74B657FFF5FF6CFF580041FEC4" box="[151,522,252,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FF6CFF58004DFEC4" ID-CoL="7JX7W" authority="Green, 1896: 9" authorityName="Green" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,518,252,274]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF6CFF58032DFEC4" box="[151,358,253,274]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lecanium expansum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="007C1F4BB657FFF5FE97FF59004DFEC4" author="" box="[364,518,252,274]" page="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FE97FF5903A6FEC4" box="[364,493,252,274]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref25360" refString="Green, E. E. (1896) Catalogue of Coccidae collected in Ceylon. Indian Museum Notes, 4, 2 - 10." type="journal article">Green, 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 9
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF6CFE920102FE6A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF6CFE920102FE6A" blockId="36.[151,1436,311,661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF6CFE92035AFE86" bold="true" box="[151,273,311,336]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsum with setae bluntly spinose or slightly capitate (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FC28FE920608FE86" box="[979,1091,311,336]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
); preopercular pores present anterolaterally to anal plates, in 2 groups on each side (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FCD0FEF901DCFEA2" box="[811,919,348,373]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="36.[151,249,1248,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 32. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, leg stub near antenna; E, groups of preopercular pores. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459570/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 32E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FC53FEF90197FEA2" box="[936,988,348,372]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">33G</figureCitation>
). Stigmatic clefts each containing 39 stigmatic spines (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FEA6FEDA038CFE4E" box="[349,455,383,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 33A</figureCitation>
). Legs represented by leg stubs (
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FCC4FEDA01E0FE4E" box="[831,939,383,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="36.[151,249,1248,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,713,1227]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 32. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, leg stub near antenna; E, groups of preopercular pores. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459570/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 32D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="19E625DFB657FFF5FC42FE2501AAFE4E" box="[953,993,384,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[193,1427,232,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[150,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson &amp; Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459572/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">33J</figureCitation>
) (partially adopted from
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FAFAFE2507D3FE4E" box="[1281,1432,383,408]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref25431" refString="Green, E. E. (1904 b) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Pt. III. Dulau &amp; Co., London, 79 pp. [pp. 171 - 249]" type="book chapter">Green 1904b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FF6CFE01030AFE6A" box="[151,321,420,445]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref27046" refString="Morrison, H. (1920) The nondiaspine Coccidae of the Philippine Islands, with descriptions of apparently new species. The Philippine Journal of Science, 17, 147 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1485" type="journal article">Morrison 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FEB6FE0003BCFE6A" box="[333,503,420,444]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref28534" refString="Tao, C. C. C., Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C. (1983) Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36 (1), 57 - 107." type="journal article">
Tao
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FE86FE0003E5FE6A" box="[381,430,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FDF8FE010177FE6A" box="[515,828,420,445]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref25808" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Williams, D. J. (2018) Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species. Zootaxa, 4443 (1), 1 - 162. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4443.1.1" type="journal article">Hodgson &amp; Williams, 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF3CFE620762FDD3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF3CFE620762FDD3" blockId="36.[151,1436,311,661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF3CFE6203F0FE36" bold="true" box="[199,443,455,480]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</emphasis>
30 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov.,
<date id="F5631F9AB657FFF5FDB9FE4900EEFDD3" box="[578,677,492,517]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="2015-05-04">4.v.2015</date>
, coll. J.Y. Choi, on
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FC7BFE490608FDD2" box="[896,1091,492,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FC7BFE490608FDD2" box="[896,1091,492,516]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FB8AFE490756FDD3" box="[1137,1309,492,517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF3CFDAA0078FD9B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF3CFDAA0078FD9B" blockId="36.[151,1436,311,661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF3CFDAA035AFDFE" bold="true" box="[199,273,527,552]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hosts.</emphasis>
Polyphagous. According to
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FDA3FDB501EBFDFE" box="[600,928,527,552]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FCEBFDB40108FDFE" box="[784,835,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FC56FDB40671FDFE" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" box="[941,1082,529,552]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FC56FDB40671FDFE" box="[941,1082,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. expansum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from plants belonging to 10 genera in 9 families.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF3CFDF20731FAA5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF3CFDF206D0FD43" blockId="36.[151,1436,311,661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF3CFDF2032BFDA6" bold="true" box="[199,352,599,624]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mainly known from Australian and
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B657FFF5FCF8FDF20114FDA6" box="[771,863,599,624]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Oriental</collectingRegion>
Regions (
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FC28FDFD0616FDA6" box="[979,1117,600,624]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FB92FDF206EEFDA6" box="[1129,1189,599,624]" name="India" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FB49FDF20769FDA6" box="[1202,1314,599,624]" name="Indonesia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FAD4FDF207D3FDA6" box="[1327,1432,599,624]" name="Malaysia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FF6CFDD90347FD43" box="[151,268,636,661]" name="Singapore" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FEEDFDD903CFFD43" box="[278,388,636,661]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B657FFF5FEEDFDD9037CFD43" box="[278,311,636,661]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lanka
</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="4319F7B8B657FFF5FE41FDD9005EFD43" box="[442,533,636,661]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FE41FDD90045FD43" box="[442,526,636,661]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
)
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FDDFFDD9011DFD43" box="[548,854,636,661]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref24883" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url">
García Morales
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FD21FDD80140FD42" box="[730,779,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F9CA79CAB657FFF5FC91FDD801EBFD42" box="[874,928,637,660]" name="Laos" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Laos</collectingCountry>
(new country record).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D5A269D2B657FFF5FF6CFB4507D7FAC3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1459570/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,249,1248,1270]" targetBox="[151,1436,713,1227]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF6CFB4507D7FAC3" blockId="36.[151,1436,1248,1301]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF6CFB450368FB23" bold="true" box="[151,291,1248,1270]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FED6FB45008CFB20" authority="(Green, 1896)" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[301,711,1248,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FED6FB450062FB20" box="[301,553,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paralecanium expansum</emphasis>
(Green, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, leg stub near antenna; E, groups of preopercular pores. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF3CFAFE0731FAA5" blockId="36.[151,1436,1371,1504]" box="[199,1402,1371,1396]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF3CFAFE039FFAA2" bold="true" box="[199,468,1371,1396]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Economic importance.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FE20FAFE00BBFAA5" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[475,752,1371,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FE20FAFE00BBFAA5" box="[475,752,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paralecanium expansum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded as an economically important pest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9C76AD1B657FFF5FF3CFADA00C6FA09" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8162395AB657FFF5FF3CFADA00C6FA09" blockId="36.[151,1436,1371,1504]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FF3CFADA0370FA4E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1407,1432]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FEBCFADA0029FA41" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[327,610,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FEBCFADA0029FA41" box="[327,610,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Paralecanium expansum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FCBEFA2506EBFA4E" authority="(Green, 1904 b)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[837,1184,1407,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FCBEFA2501AAFA41" box="[837,993,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P. quadratum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FC0EFADA06D3FA4E" box="[1013,1176,1407,1432]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref25431" refString="Green, E. E. (1904 b) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Pt. III. Dulau &amp; Co., London, 79 pp. [pp. 171 - 249]" type="book chapter">Green, 1904b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but has 2 groups of preopercular pores on each side and leg stubs, whereas
<taxonomicName id="46DD42D9B657FFF5FCEBFA0101E3FA6D" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[784,936,1443,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratum">
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FCEBFA010155FA6D" box="[784,798,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FCD6FA0601E3FA6D" box="[813,936,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">quadratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 3 groups of preopercular pores on each side and entirely lacks legs (
<bibRefCitation id="E54C44ABB657FFF5FE28FA6200CBFA09" box="[467,640,1479,1503]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref28534" refString="Tao, C. C. C., Wong, C. Y. &amp; Chang, Y. C. (1983) Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36 (1), 57 - 107." type="journal article">
Tao
<emphasis id="B3A9E548B657FFF5FDFEFA6D007CFA09" box="[517,567,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>