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<mods:title id="C2DEB4C02E2975ED5B7F9B05E217DBD7">A revision of the genus Arenopontia Kunz, 1937 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae), including the description of five new species</mods:title>
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Family
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Arenopontiidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCC8E413C29B66FBAF" author="Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Moura, G." box="[447,856,1003,1030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="55 - 77" refId="ref28055" refString="Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Moura, G. (1994) The phylogenetic position of the Cylindropsyllinae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and the systematic status of the Leptopontiinae Lang. Zoologische Beitrage, Neue Folge, 35, 55 - 77." type="journal article" year="1994">Martínez Arbizu &amp; Moura, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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No new species or illustrated records have been added since
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCA13141D9C36FBE7" author="Sak, S. &amp; Huys, R. &amp; Karaytug, S." box="[840,1032,1076,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="409 - 458" refId="ref30190" refString="Sak, S., Huys, R. &amp; Karaytug, S. (2008) Disentangling the subgeneric division of Arenopontia Kunz, 1937: resurrection of Psammoleptastacus Pennak, 1942, re-examination of Neoleptastacus spinicaudatus Nicholls, 1945, and proposal of two new genera and a new generic classification (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Arenopontiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152, 409 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00373. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Sak
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCA22141C9B8DFBE7" box="[889,947,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
. Readers are advised to consult this publication for a review of the taxonomic history of the family and its current generic composition. A revision of the most species-rich genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCC8EA14559B35FB3E" authority="Nicholls, 1945" authorityName="Nicholls" authorityYear="1945" box="[433,779,1148,1175]" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" genus="Neoleptastacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCC8EA14559A62FB3F" box="[433,604,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Neoleptastacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCB3814559B35FB3E" author="Nicholls, A. G." box="[611,779,1148,1175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref28616" refString="Nicholls, A. G. (1945) Marine Copepoda from Western Australia. IV. - Psammophilous harpacticoids. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 29, 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1945">Nicholls, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, will be published elsewhere (Sak
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCDD414549CF9FB3F" box="[1167,1223,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
in prep.).
</paragraph>
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Although members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCCB5714899A84FB13" authorityName="Martinez Arbizu &amp; Moura" authorityYear="1994" box="[524,698,1184,1210]" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arenopontiidae</taxonomicName>
are predominantly littoral, inhabiting sandy beaches in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, some species have occasionally been reported from subtidal habitats, particularly in northwestern Europe (
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCB6D14C09A60FAAB" box="[566,606,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCB3E14C09BB2FAAB" author="Van Damme, D. &amp; Heip, C." box="[613,908,1256,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref31025" refString="Van Damme, D. &amp; Heip, C. (1976) Het meiobenthos in de zuidelijke Noordzee. In: Nihoul, J. C. J. &amp; De Coninck, L. A. P. (Eds.), Projekt Zee Eindverslag: 7. Inventaris van de Fauna en Flora, 1976, pp. 1 - 113. [in Dutch]" type="journal article" year="1976">Van Damme &amp; Heip 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCAC314C09C4DFAAB" author="Herman, R. L. &amp; Vanholsbeke, K. &amp; Heip, C. H. R." box="[920,1139,1256,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref26419" refString="Herman, R. L., Vanholsbeke, K. &amp; Heip, C. H. R. (1986) Benthic studies of the Southern Bight of the North Sea. XI. The meiofauna in the Belgian coastal waters in the period 1980 - 1981. In: Heip, C. H. R. &amp; Coomans, A. (Eds.), Ecology, Ecotoxicology and Systematics of marine Benthos. Laboratorium voor Morfologie en Systematiek der Dieren, Sektie Mariene Biologie Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Gent, pp. 39 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1986">
Herman
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCAA214C09C0FFAAB" box="[1017,1073,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCD2514C19D04FAAB" author="Smol, N. &amp; Huys, R. &amp; Vincx, M." box="[1150,1338,1256,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref30906" refString="Smol, N., Huys, R. &amp; Vincx, M. (1989) Studie van het meiobenthos van een dumpingsgebied van titaandioxide-afval in de Nederlands kustwateren, periode 1986 - 1987. Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Laboratorium voor Morfologie en Systematiek der Dieren, Sectie Mariene Biologie, Gent, 64 pp., 32 tabs., 38 figs. [in Dutch]" type="book" year="1989">
Smol
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCD9A14C09CC7FAAB" box="[1217,1273,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCC1D14C098CAFA8F" author="Huys, R. &amp; Herman, P. M. J. &amp; Heip, C. H. R. &amp; Soetaert, K." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="23 - 44" refId="ref27194" refString="Huys, R., Herman, P. M. J., Heip, C. H. R. &amp; Soetaert, K. (1992) The meiobenthos of the North Sea: density, biomass trends and distribution of copepod communities. ICES Journal of marine Science, 49, 23 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / 49.1.23" type="journal article" year="1992">
Huys
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCCD314C0988AFA8F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCC9A5152499B9FA8F" author="Bonne, W." box="[254,391,1292,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref24972" refString="Bonne, W. (2003) Benthische copepodengemeenschappen in relatie tot natuurlijke en anthropogene invloeden in the Noordzee. Sedimenten, zandontginning en de phytoplankton bloei. Benthic copepod communities in relation to natural and anthropogenic influences in the North Sea. Sediments, sand extraction and phytoplankton blooms. PhD dissertation, University of Gent, Belgium, 289 pp." type="book" year="2003">Bonne 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCC8CB15259A55FA8F" author="Willems, W. R. &amp; Curini-Galletti, M. &amp; Ferrero, T. J. &amp; Fontaneto, D. &amp; Heiner, I. &amp; Huys, R. &amp; Ivanenko, V. N. &amp; Kristensen, R. M. &amp; Kanneby, V &amp; MacNaughton, M. O. &amp; Martinez Arbizu, P. &amp; Todaro, M. A. &amp; Sterrer, W. &amp; Jondelius, U." box="[400,619,1292,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref31811" refString="Willems, W. R., Curini-Galletti, M., Ferrero, T. J., Fontaneto, D., Heiner, I., Huys, R., Ivanenko, V. N., Kristensen, R. M., Kanneby, V, MacNaughton, M. O., Martinez Arbizu, P., Todaro, M. A., Sterrer, W. &amp; Jondelius, U. (2009) Meiofauna of the Kosterarea, results from a workshop at the Sven Loven Centre for Marine Sciences (Tjarno, Sweden). Meiofauna marina, 17, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2009">
Willems
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCC8A815249A17FA8F" box="[499,553,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). One extreme example is the discovery of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCCD6415259911FAE3" authority="Pennak, 1942" authorityName="Pennak" authorityYear="1942" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" genus="Psammoleptastacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenaridus">
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCD6415259DA2FA8F" box="[1087,1436,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Psammoleptastacus arenaridus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCC9CC15199911FAE3" author="Pennak, R. W." box="[151,303,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="274 - 285" refId="ref28992" refString="Pennak, R. W. (1942) Harpacticoid copepods from some intertidal beaches near Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Transactions of the American microscopical Society, 61, 274 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3222599" type="journal article" year="1942">Pennak, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
at a depth of
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north of Cape Hatteras off the coast of North Carolina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCD3415199CD0FAE3" author="Coull, B. C." box="[1135,1262,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="195 - 237" refId="ref25590" refString="Coull, B. C. (1971) Meiobenthic Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the North Carolina continental shelf. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 12, 195 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 116176 E 2" type="journal article" year="1971">Coull 1971</bibRefCitation>
) but this record requires verification. Except for the
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCCB18157D9B28FAC7" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1940" box="[579,790,1364,1390]" class="Copepoda" family="Parastenocarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parastenocarididae</taxonomicName>
which inhabit fresh groundwater, harpacticoid families that accommodate exclusively interstitial species are typically restricted to the marine environment. This habitat preference primarily applies also to the
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCCB0F15B59B3CFA1F" authorityName="Martinez Arbizu &amp; Moura" authorityYear="1994" box="[596,770,1436,1462]" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arenopontiidae</taxonomicName>
although some members of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCCD1915B59CF3FA1F" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1937" box="[1090,1229,1436,1462]" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" genus="Arenopontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCD1915B59CF3FA1F" box="[1090,1229,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Arenopontia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have occasionally been reported to make incursions into freshwater and oligohaline habitats.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCABC15E99CBEFA73" author="Noodt, W." box="[999,1152,1472,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="223 - 248" refId="ref28888" refString="Noodt, W. (1962) Limnisch-subterrane Copepoden der Gattung Parastenocaris Kessler aus Mittelamerika. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna, 2 (3), 223 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650526109380628" type="journal article" year="1962">Noodt (1962)</bibRefCitation>
recorded an unidentified species of
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCC84915CD99A3FA57" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1937" box="[274,413,1508,1534]" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" genus="Arenopontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCC84915CD99A3FA57" box="[274,413,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Arenopontia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a primarily oligohaline lake near
<collectingRegion id="49866CCD5D6BFFBCCA3315CC9BD0FA57" box="[872,1006,1508,1535]" country="El Salvador" name="La Libertad" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">La Libertad</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="F355E2BF5D6BFFBCCD4C15CD9CA3FA57" box="[1047,1181,1508,1534]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
while
<bibRefCitation id="EFD3DFDE5D6BFFBCCDB515CD98E5F98B" author="Cottarelli, V. &amp; Bruno, M. C. &amp; Venanzetti, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="471 - 485" refId="ref25360" refString="Cottarelli, V., Bruno, M. C. &amp; Venanzetti, F. (1994) Ricerche zoologiche della nave oceanografica &quot; Minerva &quot; (C. N. R.) sulle isole circumsarde. XVIII. First record in phreatic freshwater of harpacticoids belonging to the genus Arenopontia (Crustacea, Copepoda) and description of two new species. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; Giacomo Doria &quot;, 90, 471 - 485." type="journal article" year="1994">
Cottarelli
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCCC3915CC9DA3FA57" box="[1378,1437,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(1994
</bibRefCitation>
, 1998) collected
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCC8C71621998AF98B" box="[412,436,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A.</emphasis>
cfr.
<taxonomicName id="4C42D9AC5D6BFFBCC8BC16219A50F98B" authorityName="Kunz" authorityYear="1937" box="[487,622,1544,1570]" class="Copepoda" family="Arenopontiidae" genus="Arenopontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B9367E3D5D6BFFBCC8BC16219A50F98B" box="[487,622,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a number of localities with freshwater influence in the
<collectingRegion id="49866CCD5D6BFFBCCC4716219D53F98B" box="[1308,1389,1544,1570]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Latium</collectingRegion>
and Viterbo provinces in
<collectingCountry id="F355E2BF5D6BFFBCC8D816059986F9EF" box="[387,440,1580,1606]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>