399 lines
58 KiB
XML
399 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="DD120FED8370C125155485A7548E37CD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2150.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311432" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629626226088" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A." docDate="2009" docId="BD2F87FBFF95F422FF70F994FA98FDD4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02150p078.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2150 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2150.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="4116FF83FF9CF42DFFE7FFE3FFE5FFDA" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699085985238" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="BC406F67B079F8759C548DBDC1B4867F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2D8B76FC0B3A76C76AB8CFB5D075B77B">
|
||
<mods:title id="F780BF21B1B3461DDCE4486F4721430E">Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="36C5FF5E4637E708C5B856608FF1AB14" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B2309B0A7ABD2EF3C3EBC63CB92AE650">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F1F28E7026CF1A813F9C4E6A1D59690A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="10E8D7086532276B67EED29E5CE24E75">Kruse, James J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="34A8099621D01B751BD54C90C1220F8B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E0089F2139CC7E50247930EA2E945853">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4331E00CF0CB3471CAE929CB40C0F8C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="43823AD207DC99399DF50A8E07DCA2B7">Powell, Jerry A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="34D14226338F2F003067F2A4256B2293">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="24D2847C08147BC3B2FDAFB8B24C04B6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="28B3ED36B383F1AB90D1916D6DEC25B8">
|
||
<mods:title id="542C660007A4D290A01D0B6133A88007">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E09AFD1765CCD6390C78B45A9883A591">
|
||
<mods:date id="91E3EB7B18B1FB07DB0B6BB4E0B8B85E">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="96377459894A5132CC4FB07F31E2615C" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F4F6BD228517C0E06A547FE503A938CA">2009-07-06</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="203C6C177D69C3AB45AF62B9563C4FF0" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="63E6114D4088CA6ABE79AC632306101B">2150</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BC1E1C692EC9904D3A114F6DD1646F0A" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="14AA679956F9EC9C5182167236458D47">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="11922E8136B0CCAC57BB8239CB052F11" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="48E79E361463DFE59207082954E524D8">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="44B309670A5C27D6A063EE7F2BEBA469">78</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="BB563259E2DE0EC5DEAC8DD1AD21C859">
|
||
<mods:url id="2BE80A5CD724DF2FFAC151DC2961E740">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2150.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="735CBCCE1C077727970C6DAACF3B38CD">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FE76D9E0E86ADA8D941AD97CA3A14AE4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2150.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F3DAFBAF4AC4D7808723DB179A561D24" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="10C54E5DB4664896F6BF0B57445E55A1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5311432</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="BD2F87FBFF95F422FF70F994FA98FDD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5483736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5483736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD2F87FBFF95F422FF70F994FA98FDD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD2F87FBFF95F422FF70F994FA98FDD4" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D9C6566FF95F424FF70F994FD8CF94B" box="[151,617,1655,1681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF95F424FF70F994FD8CF94B" blockId="9.[151,617,1655,1681]" box="[151,617,1655,1681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="6E718181FF95F424FF70F994FD8CF94B" bold="true" box="[151,617,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF95F424FF70F994FD8CF94B" ID-CoL="92MZJ" authority="Lambert and Powell" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,617,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF95F424FF70F994FD8CF94B" bold="true" box="[151,617,1655,1681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF95F424FF70F994FE86F94B" bold="true" box="[151,355,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
Lambert and Powell
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D9C6566FF95F424FF70F922FB07F902" box="[151,1250,1729,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF95F424FF70F922FB07F902" blockId="9.[151,1250,1729,1784]" box="[151,1250,1729,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="159611C3FF95F424FF70F922FB07F902" box="[151,1250,1729,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF95F424FF70F922FDC9F902" ID-CoL="92MZJ" authority="Lambert and Powell" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,556,1729,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF95F424FF70F922FEAEF902" box="[151,331,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
Lambert and Powell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF95F424FDD1F922FDAEF902" box="[566,587,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B42710FCFF95F424FDB5F922FCF4F902" author="Powell, J. A." box="[594,785,1729,1752]" page="375" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51174B1CFF95F424FDB5F922FCF4F902" author="Powell, J. A." box="[594,785,1729,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="372 - 398" refId="ref49236" refString="Powell, J. A. (1986) Synopsis of the classification of Neotropical Tortricinae, with descriptions of new genera and species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 62, 372 - 398." type="journal article" year="1986">Powell 1986: 375</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B42710FCFF95F424FCFBF922FBF3F902" author="Powell, J. A. & Razowski, J. & Brown, J. W." box="[796,1046,1729,1752]" page="149" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51174B1CFF95F424FCFBF922FBF3F902" author="Powell, J. A. & Razowski, J. & Brown, J. W." box="[796,1046,1729,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="138 - 151" refId="ref49275" refString="Powell, J. A., Razowski, J., and Brown, J. W. (1995) Tortricidae: Tortricinae, Chlidanotinae, pp. 138 - 151. In Heppner, J. B. (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist Part II: Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida." type="book chapter" year="1995">Powell et al. 1995: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="B42710FCFF95F424FBC6F922FB3BF902" author="Brown, J. W." box="[1057,1246,1729,1752]" page="564" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51174B1CFF95F424FBC6F922FB3BF902" author="Brown, J. W." box="[1057,1246,1729,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref48538" refString="Brown, J. W. (2005) World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books. 741 pp." type="book" year="2005">Brown 2005: 564</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D9C6566FF95F427FF70F902FE6AF9DD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF95F424FF70F902FC4CF922" blockId="9.[151,1250,1729,1784]" box="[151,937,1761,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA3D884FFF95F424FF70F902FF29F922" box="[151,204,1761,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF95F424FECAF902FD45F922" authority="Klots, 1936" authorityName="Klots" authorityYear="1936" box="[301,672,1761,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF95F424FECAF902FDFEF922" box="[301,539,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sparganothis hydeana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51174B1CFF95F424FDC5F902FD45F922" author="Klots, A. B." box="[546,672,1761,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref48875" refString="Klots, A. B. (1936) New North American Microlepidoptera. American Museum Novitates, 867, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1936">Klots, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF95F427FF70F8C4FE6AF9DD" blockId="9.[151,1436,1831,2012]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,2007]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF95F424FF70F8C4FECAF89B" bold="true" box="[151,303,1831,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Adult. Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Antennal setae in male 1.5–2.5 times flagellomere diameter, borne on raised ridges, unmodified in female. Labial palpus porrect, II segment enlarged near middle, slightly curved; III segment about 0.4 as long as II, roughly scaled, with blunt apex. Scaling of frons slightly roughened or smooth with overhanging tuft of scales. Ocelli present. Periorbital strip bare; proboscis well developed; frons concave in most species, covered with small scales, vestiture of head smooth anteriorly, roughened laterally and posteriorly; head with or without protuberances in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF96F427FDAFFF7BFD76FF68" box="[584,659,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,429,1094]" captionTargetId="figure-165@11.[151,1436,429,1102]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorso-anteriad view of the scaling and protuberances on the head of S. ocrisana. A. Photograph. B. Schematic drawing: 1. Anterior protuberance; 2. Posterior protuberance denuded of scaling; 3. Posterior protuberance with scaling intact. Compound eyes (4) and the pedicels of the antennae (5) for orientation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311434/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FD55FF74FCEAFF6B" bold="true" box="[690,783,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Smooth scaled, males often with median U-shaped channel filled with small round scales from prothorax to anterior portion of metathorax, in form of wide, boxshaped channel in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF96F427FE88FF06FDD6FF24" authorityName="Kruse and Powell" authorityYear="2009" box="[367,563,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polymitariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FE88FF06FDD6FF24" box="[367,563,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. polymitariana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; tegulae with long scales in both females and males of some species, short triangulate scales apically in males of others. Forewing pale whitish, yellowish gray, gray, yellowish orange, brownish orange, or dark brown, usually mottled, occasionally banded. Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="F27E9B08FF96F427FB4BFED1FAAEFE96" box="[1196,1355,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="14.1" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="9.95" valueMax="14.1" valueMin="5.8">5.8–14.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; costal fold present or absent in male, if present, less than half length of wing and wide, very short and narrow, or narrow and longer than half of wing length; base of wing moderately arched if costal fold absent; length of discal cell ca. 0.55 forewing length, width of discal cell ca. 0.20 its length; Cu
|
||
<subScript id="A90234A8FF96F427FBC1FE55FBD3FE1E" attach="left" box="[1062,1078,438,452]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1b</subScript>
|
||
arises ca. 0.50 along length of cell; stem of M absent or weak in cell, ending between M
|
||
<subScript id="A90234A8FF96F427FCA8FE03FCB2FE34" attach="left" box="[847,855,480,494]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="A90234A8FF96F427FC49FE03FC53FE34" attach="left" box="[942,950,480,494]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</subScript>
|
||
; CuP present. Hindwing gray, yellowish gray, yellowish white, or white, often with gray transverse striae; Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="A90234A8FF96F427FC17FDE9FC1DFDC2" attach="left" box="[1008,1016,522,536]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
|
||
and Rs closely adjacent, crossvein lost; Rs and M
|
||
<subScript id="A90234A8FF96F427FEA6FDD0FEACFD9B" attach="left" box="[321,329,563,577]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
|
||
closely adjacent, connate, or short stalked (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF96F427FCA3FDC0FC69FDE7" box="[836,908,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,2002,2026]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagram of wing veination of S. lentiginosana." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males of some species with a patch of erect scales on anal area.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FE7EFDAFFDF6FDBC" bold="true" box="[409,531,588,614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal pits absent; female lacking enlarged corethrogyne scaling. Male Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF96F427FEF2FD90FE70FD57" box="[277,405,627,653]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–18" captionStart-2="FIGURES 19–24" captionStart-3="FIGURES 25–30" captionStart-4="FIGURES 31–36" captionStart-5="FIGURES 37–38" captionStartId-0="17.[151,269,1967,1991]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,269,1881,1905]" captionStartId-2="33.[151,269,1885,1909]" captionStartId-3="40.[151,269,1881,1905]" captionStartId-4="48.[151,269,1958,1982]" captionStartId-5="55.[151,269,858,882]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1436,341,1934]" captionTargetBox-1="[198,1421,236,1857]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1424,258,1856]" captionTargetBox-3="[171,1421,206,1853]" captionTargetBox-4="[173,1424,303,1930]" captionTargetBox-5="[169,1430,286,820]" captionTargetId-0="figure-98@17.[151,1436,303,1943]" captionTargetId-1="figure-51@26.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetId-2="figure-51@33.[151,1436,197,1860]" captionTargetId-3="figure-51@40.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetId-4="figure-67@48.[151,1436,271,1934]" captionTargetId-5="figure-482@55.[151,1436,235,834]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionTargetPageId-3="40" captionTargetPageId-4="48" captionTargetPageId-5="55" captionText-0="FIGURES 7–12. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 7. S. hydeana. 8. S. machimiana. 9. S. laderana. 10. S. amitana. 11. S. calthograptana. 12. S. coloratana." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–18. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 13. S. audentiana. 14. S. canitites. 15. S. teratana. 16. S. carycrosana. 17. S. plemmelana. 18. S. lugens." captionText-2="FIGURES 19–24. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 19. S. castanea. 20. S. vinolenta. 21. S. ocrisana. 22. S. xenopsana. 23. S. umbosana. 24. S. probolosana." captionText-3="FIGURES 25–30. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 25. S. licrosana. 26. S. canorisana. 27. S. capitiornata. 28. S. arcuatana. 29. S. lentiginosana. 30. S. morata." captionText-4="FIGURES 31–36. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 31. S. albescens. 32. S. torusana. 33. S. prolesana. 34. S. polymitariana. 35. S. silaceana. 36. S. aciculana." captionText-5="FIGURES 37–38. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 37. S. broccusana. 38. S. cornutana." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311444" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311446" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311448" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311450" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311452" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311454" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5311444/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5311446/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5311448/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5311450/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5311452/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5311454/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 7–38</figureCitation>
|
||
) with uncus slender, simple, enlarged apically, or forked distally, sometimes enlarged subbasally or subapically. Modifications include flattened, narrowed, widened into simple or bilobed clubs, and with one or two apical or subapical projections or lobes. Socius kidney-shaped with rounded or triangular, elongate posterior lobes; anterior lobes fused with rudimentary gnathos to form a complex, two-part structure; secondary arms enlarged laterally into broad, paddlelike, setate clubs apically, or rarely only weakly enlarged; apical lobes symmetrical or asymmetrical, simple or bilobed, and often lobed subapically; basal portion of arm subequal in length to enlarged apical portion or much longer, often abruptly angled near middle. Transtilla a simple band, with median lobe or bilobed; anterior margin often reinforced with a sclerotized crease, spinose over most of posterior margin. Valva large, simple, rounded or subrectangular, sometimes elongate; costa straight, concave, convex, or angled near middle toward apex; often with a conspicusous pulvinus; often with a sclerotized crease near middle, straight or curved, free or connecting to sacculus near its base; sacculus narrowly sclerotized, simple, sometimes extending to margin of valva (beyond only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF96F427FA61FBFEFF1AFB87" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FA61FBFEFF1AFB87" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. castanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), straight, concave, or convex. Phallus pistol-shaped; aedeagus straight or gently curved, short, equal or subequal in length to phallobase; apex of aedeagus pointed, rounded, rounded and cleft, or ventrally lipped; occasionally with a subapical ventral bulge; without spinose armature; juxta attached to aedeagus by short, strongly sclerotized process, or by narrow process longer than the width of aedeagus; vesica with dense bunch of 10–60 lanceolate, deciduous cornuti, variable within species; cornuti weakly recurved, minutely forked at point of attachment, at or near base. Female Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF96F427FCADFAE6FC39FAC5" box="[842,988,1285,1311]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 39–47" captionStart-1="FIGURES 48–56" captionStart-2="FIGURES 57–60" captionStartId-0="56.[151,269,1973,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,269,1881,1905]" captionStartId-2="58.[151,269,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox-0="[252,1431,302,1954]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1430,194,1854]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1426,197,1303]" captionTargetId-0="figure-121@56.[151,1436,294,1957]" captionTargetId-1="figure-58@57.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetId-2="figure-165@58.[151,1436,194,1325]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionTargetPageId-2="58" captionText-0="FIGURES 39–47. Female genitalia of Sparganothoides. 39. S. hydeana; 40. S. machimiana. 41. S. amitana. 42. S. calthograptana. 43. S. coloratana. 44. S. canities. 45. S. lugens. 46. S. vinolenta. 47. S. ocrisana." captionText-1="FIGURES 48–56. Female genitalia of Sparganothoides. 48. S. umbosana. 49. S. licrosana. 50. S. canorisana. 51. S. capitiornata. 52. S. arcuatana. 53. S. lentiginosana. 54. S. morata. 55. S. torusana. 56. S. prolesana" captionText-2="FIGURES 57–60. Female genitalia of Sparganothoides. 57. S. silaceana. 58. S. aciculana. 59. S. broccusana. 60. S. cornutana." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311456" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311458" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345528" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5311456/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5311458/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5345528/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 39–60</figureCitation>
|
||
) with sterigma wide, box-shaped or rounded, straight, or curved, well sclerotized dorsad and ventrad of ostium, occasionally less strongly sclerotized, with narrow lateral lobes produced or absent; papillae anales parallel-sided, rectangular, posterior lobes well developed, rounded or triangular; ductus bursae comparatively short, often gradually enlarged anteriorly, without sclerotized areas; corpus bursae large, with undifferentiated scobination; cestum not developed; signum a long band, nearly straight, weakly or distinctly curved, often bilobed, distal margins attenuate or rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D9C6566FF96F421FF21F9F0FB41F893" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF96F427FF21F9F0FDD5F97B" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FF21F9F0FE5BF9F7" bold="true" box="[198,446,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sexual Dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
. Sexual dimorphism slight in wing shape and color pattern: females average slightly larger, males possess elongate antennal setae. Males of most species with additional secondary sexual characters, including two or three protuberances and specialized scales on vertex of head, and specialized scales on tegulae and/or pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF96F426FF21F94DFEEBFEA9" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,2007]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,152,371]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FF21F94DFE87F912" bold="true" box="[198,354,1710,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Early Stages</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on laboratory-reared specimens of seven species.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FBE3F94DFBD0F912" bold="true" box="[1028,1077,1710,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Egg</emphasis>
|
||
: Peach, orange, orange-tan, or brownish orange, rarely cream; flattened, convex, and oval in outline, ranging from 0.60 x
|
||
<quantity id="F27E9B08FF96F427FB24F936FAC9F935" box="[1219,1324,1749,1775]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90 mm</quantity>
|
||
to 0.95 x
|
||
<quantity id="F27E9B08FF96F427FF70F918FEECF8CF" box="[151,265,1787,1813]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Eggs laid in imbricate, regular, round patches, covered with a translucent, sometimes slightly opaque collaterial secretion extending 0.5–1.0 mm beyond eggs.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FC4BF8C1FBDEF8E6" bold="true" box="[940,1083,1826,1852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Last Instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF96F427FBA9F8C1FB38F8E6" box="[1102,1245,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 95–98" captionStartId="62.[151,269,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,232,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 95–98. Larval features of Sparganothoides. 95. Preserved larva of S. licrosana, lot JAP 86H31. 96. Chaetotaxy of fifth instar S. lentiginosana larva on Malus sylvestris; first and second thoracic segments and first, second, sixth, and seventh abdominal segments. 97. Chaetotaxy of eighth, ninth, and tenth abdominal segments. 98. Chaetotaxy, dorsal view, ninth and tenth abdominal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5345536/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 95-98</figureCitation>
|
||
): Length
|
||
<quantity id="F27E9B08FF96F427FAB4F8C1FF2DF8B9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="10.0">10–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FF30F8AAFEFFF8B9" bold="true" box="[215,282,1865,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Tan to dark brown, usually with dark genal bar; stemmata all about equal in size, large and distinct.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FF18F88CFEB9F853" bold="true" box="[255,348,1903,1929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Shield pale tan to brown, evenly pigmented; SV group on T2 and T3 unisetose; spiracle circular to oval.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF96F427FE86F875FE3EF86A" bold="true" box="[353,475,1942,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: First instar translucent whitish yellow to pale orange, second and later instars translucent tan or gray when feeding on synthetic diet, translucent grayish green, reddish gray, or reddish brown on food plants; body smooth, slender, SV group on A1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 with 3:3:3:3:3:2 setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF97F426FA86FF7BFF01FF02" captionStart="FIGURES 95–98" captionStartId="62.[151,269,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,232,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 95–98. Larval features of Sparganothoides. 95. Preserved larva of S. licrosana, lot JAP 86H31. 96. Chaetotaxy of fifth instar S. lentiginosana larva on Malus sylvestris; first and second thoracic segments and first, second, sixth, and seventh abdominal segments. 97. Chaetotaxy of eighth, ninth, and tenth abdominal segments. 98. Chaetotaxy, dorsal view, ninth and tenth abdominal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5345536/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 96–97</figureCitation>
|
||
); shape of shared dorsal D2 pinaculum on A9 somewhat variable, vaguely diamond-shaped or elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF97F426FF78FF06FF1CFF25" box="[159,249,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 95–98" captionStartId="62.[151,269,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,232,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-76@62.[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 95–98. Larval features of Sparganothoides. 95. Preserved larva of S. licrosana, lot JAP 86H31. 96. Chaetotaxy of fifth instar S. lentiginosana larva on Malus sylvestris; first and second thoracic segments and first, second, sixth, and seventh abdominal segments. 97. Chaetotaxy of eighth, ninth, and tenth abdominal segments. 98. Chaetotaxy, dorsal view, ninth and tenth abdominal segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5345536/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
|
||
); crochets of last instar variably biordinal, partially triordinal. Anal shield pale, rounded or tapered posterad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF97F426FEEDFEEFFD72FEFC" box="[266,663,268,294]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 95–98" captionStart-1="FIGURES 99–108" captionStartId-0="62.[151,269,1774,1798]" captionStartId-1="63.[151,269,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1436,232,1740]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1435,359,1691]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@62.[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId-1="figure-150@63.[151,1436,349,1706]" captionTargetPageId-0="62" captionTargetPageId-1="63" captionText-0="FIGURES 95–98. Larval features of Sparganothoides. 95. Preserved larva of S. licrosana, lot JAP 86H31. 96. Chaetotaxy of fifth instar S. lentiginosana larva on Malus sylvestris; first and second thoracic segments and first, second, sixth, and seventh abdominal segments. 97. Chaetotaxy of eighth, ninth, and tenth abdominal segments. 98. Chaetotaxy, dorsal view, ninth and tenth abdominal segments." captionText-1="FIGURES 99–108. Features of Sprganothoides immature stages. 99. Anal shield of larval S. hydeana. 100. Anal shield of larval S. machimiana. 101. Anal shield of larval S. canities. 102. Anal comb of larval S. canities. 103. Anal shield of larval S. ocrisana. 104. Anal shield of larval S. arcuatana. 105. Anal comb of larval S. arcuatana. 106. Anal shield of larval S. lentiginosana. 107. Anal shield of larval S. cornutana. 108. Pupa of S. canities, lot JAP 86H27, ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345536" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345538" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5345536/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5345538/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 98–101, 103, 104, 106, 107</figureCitation>
|
||
); anal setae longer than anal segment; anal comb well developed, base rectangular or trapezoidal and constricted basal to tines, number of tines variable among species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF97F426FA86FED1FEE4FEA9" captionStart="FIGURES 99–108" captionStartId="63.[151,269,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,359,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-150@63.[151,1436,349,1706]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 99–108. Features of Sprganothoides immature stages. 99. Anal shield of larval S. hydeana. 100. Anal shield of larval S. machimiana. 101. Anal shield of larval S. canities. 102. Anal comb of larval S. canities. 103. Anal shield of larval S. ocrisana. 104. Anal shield of larval S. arcuatana. 105. Anal comb of larval S. arcuatana. 106. Anal shield of larval S. lentiginosana. 107. Anal shield of larval S. cornutana. 108. Pupa of S. canities, lot JAP 86H27, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5345538/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 102, 105</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61F96665FF97F426FF70FB8CFB86FB16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311434/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,255,1135,1159]" targetBox="[151,1426,429,1094]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF97F426FF70FB8CFB86FB16" blockId="11.[151,1435,1135,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FF70FB8CFEFBFB5D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1135,1159]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorso-anteriad view of the scaling and protuberances on the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF97F426FBA6FB93FB5BFB5D" authorityName="Kruse and Powell" authorityYear="2009" box="[1089,1214,1136,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocrisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FBA6FB93FB5BFB5D" box="[1089,1214,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. ocrisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FB37FB8CFB0FFB5D" bold="true" box="[1232,1258,1135,1159]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FA63FB8CFA7EFB5D" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1135,1159]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Schematic drawing:
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FE91FB71FE6FFB70" bold="true" box="[374,394,1170,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior protuberance;
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FD75FB71FD43FB70" bold="true" box="[658,678,1170,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2.</emphasis>
|
||
Posterior protuberance denuded of scaling;
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FB6CFB71FB7BFB70" bold="true" box="[1163,1182,1170,1194]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Posterior protuberance with scaling intact. Compound eyes (
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FDC3FB57FDD4FB16" bold="true" box="[548,561,1204,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</emphasis>
|
||
) and the pedicels of the antennae (
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FC42FB57FC57FB16" bold="true" box="[933,946,1204,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</emphasis>
|
||
) for orientation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="61F96665FF97F426FF70F831FCF3F833" box="[151,790,2002,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,255,2002,2026]">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF97F426FF70F831FCF3F833" blockId="11.[151,790,2002,2026]" box="[151,790,2002,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FF70F831FEFCF830" bold="true" box="[151,281,2002,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagram of wing veination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF97F426FD84F831FCEAF833" box="[611,783,2002,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lentiginosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF97F426FD84F831FCEAF833" box="[611,783,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. lentiginosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="61F96665FF90F421FF70FB36FCF5F975" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311436/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,255,1237,1261]" targetBox="[317,1266,199,1191]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF90F421FF70FB36FCF5F975" blockId="12.[151,1437,1237,1711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FF70FB36FEFCFB37" bold="true" box="[151,281,1237,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail drawings of select genitalic characters.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FCF5FB36FCCEFB37" bold="true" box="[786,811,1237,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Apical and subapical modifications of the uncus: apically tapered; parallel-sided; widened; bifid; apically lobed and subapically widened; subapically widened with a single process; subapically widened with two minute processes; cordate; triangulate with a single minute process; subapically lobed and apically parallel-sided.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FDE2FADEFDF8FA8F" bold="true" box="[517,541,1341,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Shape of the posterior margin of the socius: rounded; subtriangular; triangular.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FA65FADEFA7EFA8F" bold="true" box="[1410,1435,1341,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Fold in valva: in anterior one-fourth; near center.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FD44FABCFD59FAAD" bold="true" box="[675,700,1375,1399]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Apical and subapical modifications of the apex of the socius/gnathos complex: apically narrow and parallel-sided; symmetrically clubbed; slightly asymmetrically clubbed with slightly bilobed tip; slightly asymmetrical club without bilobed tip; asymmetrical boot-shaped; asymmetrically bilobed with one lobe subapical to the other; asymmetrically bilobed with one lobe subapical to the other; asymmetrically trilobed with one lobe subapical to the other two and broadly rounded; asymmetrically bilobed with one lobe subapical to the other and about as long as broad; asymmetrically bilobed with one lobe subapical to the other and narrow; strongly asymmetrically bilobed; slightly asymmetrical lobe splayed out and fan-shaped.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FCBFF9CCFC95F99D" bold="true" box="[856,880,1583,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Transtilla: without reinforcement; with an anterior facing sclerotized crease.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FE49F9B1FE26F9B0" bold="true" box="[430,451,1618,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of aedeagus: attenuate; rounded and cleft; rounded; with a ventral sclerotized lip.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FA63F9B1FA79F9B0" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1618,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Band of the sterigma: strongly sclerotized and bilobed; curved and bilobed; lightly sclerotized and straight.
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FAF8F996FADFF957" bold="true" box="[1311,1338,1653,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Signum: straight with rounded apices; curved and attenuate apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF90F421FF21F902FB41F893" blockId="12.[151,1436,1761,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FF21F902FEE2F921" bold="true" box="[198,263,1761,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF90F421FEF0F902FE9BF921" box="[279,382,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–108" captionStartId="63.[151,269,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[161,1435,359,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-150@63.[151,1436,349,1706]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 99–108. Features of Sprganothoides immature stages. 99. Anal shield of larval S. hydeana. 100. Anal shield of larval S. machimiana. 101. Anal shield of larval S. canities. 102. Anal comb of larval S. canities. 103. Anal shield of larval S. ocrisana. 104. Anal shield of larval S. arcuatana. 105. Anal comb of larval S. arcuatana. 106. Anal shield of larval S. lentiginosana. 107. Anal shield of larval S. cornutana. 108. Pupa of S. canities, lot JAP 86H27, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5345538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5345538/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
). Typically tortricine; brown; no conspicuous sculpturing; dorsal pits absent; A2–A8 with two rows of spines, one row near anterior edge of segment and one row near posterior edge of segment, A9 with one or two rows of reduced spines; cremaster produced, with six hook-tipped setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D9C6566FF90F423FF21F8B6FAC9FE96" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF90F420FF21F8B6FAD2FF02" blockId="12.[151,1436,1761,2019]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1435,152,216]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FF21F8B6FEBAF8B5" bold="true" box="[198,351,1877,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FE5FF8B6FE0BF8B5" box="[440,494,1877,1903]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF90F421FE1CF8B6FD24F8B4" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[507,705,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FE1CF8B6FD24F8B4" box="[507,705,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from the mid-Atlantic throughout the Southeast, west through
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F742F80FFF90F421FEDAF89FFE52F84C" box="[317,439,1916,1942]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F742F80FFF90F421FE10F89FFDDEF84C" box="[503,571,1916,1942]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F742F80FFF90F421FD80F89FFD31F84C" box="[615,724,1916,1942]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F742F80FFF90F421FCF3F89FFC97F84C" box="[788,882,1916,1942]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF90F421FC61F89FFC34F84C" box="[902,977,1916,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,583,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-332@15.[183,1404,583,1441]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution and species richness of Sparganothoides. Size of dot illustrates the number of species per political unit (i.e., states for Mexico and U.S.A., otherwise country)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311442/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). South of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FB6CF89FFB24F84C" box="[1163,1217,1916,1942]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the genus ranges throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FEF8F841FE99F866" box="[287,380,1954,1980]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FE60F841FDECF866" box="[391,521,1954,1980]" name="Guatemala" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FDF3F841FD6CF866" box="[532,649,1954,1980]" name="Honduras" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FD72F841FCFDF866" box="[661,792,1954,1980]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FCB2F841FC50F866" box="[853,949,1954,1980]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, extending to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FBBDF841FB37F866" box="[1114,1234,1954,1980]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF90F421FF70F82AFF1EF839" box="[151,251,1993,2019]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF90F421FEEBF82AFEB0F839" box="[268,341,1993,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,583,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-332@15.[183,1404,583,1441]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution and species richness of Sparganothoides. Size of dot illustrates the number of species per political unit (i.e., states for Mexico and U.S.A., otherwise country)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311442/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Throughout this broad geographphic range, most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF90F421FBD2F82AFB1FF838" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[1077,1274,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF90F421FBD2F82AFB1FF838" box="[1077,1274,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are restricted to montane habitats. The northernmost member,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF91F420FD35FF7BFC6BFF6B" box="[722,910,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lentiginosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF91F420FD35FF7BFC6BFF6B" box="[722,910,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. lentiginosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, occurs at low elevations in the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF91F420FF70FF5DFF2EFF02" box="[151,203,190,216]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Greatest species richness is documented from central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF91F420FCA0FF5DFC45FF02" box="[839,928,190,216]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
south through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF91F420FBB6FF5DFB34FF02" box="[1105,1233,190,216]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADBD2A68FF91F420FB06FF5DFACCFF02" box="[1249,1321,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,583,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-332@15.[183,1404,583,1441]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution and species richness of Sparganothoides. Size of dot illustrates the number of species per political unit (i.e., states for Mexico and U.S.A., otherwise country)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311442/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61F96665FF91F420FF70F8FBFDFCF8AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311438/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,255,1816,1840]" targetBox="[229,1348,275,1732]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF91F420FF70F8FBFDFCF8AF" blockId="13.[151,1436,1816,1909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF91F420FF70F8FBFEF9F8EA" bold="true" box="[151,284,1816,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogram of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF91F420FE20F8FAFD9EF8EA" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[455,635,1817,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF91F420FE20F8FAFD9EF8EA" box="[455,635,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One of six equally parsimonious unweighted, unrooted trees, based 58 morphological characters representing 32
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF91F420FDB2F8DFFCB9F889" box="[597,860,1852,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF91F420FDB2F8DFFCECF889" box="[597,777,1852,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus six outgroups (264 steps, CI = 0.349; RI = 0.647; RC = 0.225). Scale bar = 5 changes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF91F423FF21F84BFAC9FE96" blockId="13.[151,1436,1960,2024]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,152,332]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF91F420FF21F84BFE12F81B" box="[198,503,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydeana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF91F420FF21F84BFE12F81B" box="[198,503,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sparganothoides hydeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF91F420FDD4F84BFD07F81B" baseAuthorityName="Barnes & Busck" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[563,738,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machimiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF91F420FDD4F84BFD07F81B" box="[563,738,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. machimiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found at mid-elevations in the semi-arid environments of Arizona, Colorado, and New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F742F80FFF91F420FDFDF82DFD92F832" box="[538,631,1998,2024]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south to central or south-central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF91F420FBECF82DFB8DF832" box="[1035,1128,1998,2024]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Several species occur on volcanos, in rainforest, and remnant patches of rainforest, including recently burned areas. Patterns of species richness and geographic distribution are undoubtedly biased by collecting efforts. For example, few species are known between the species-rich south-central Mexican states and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF92F423FC36FF06FBB1FF25" box="[977,1108,229,255]" name="Guatemala" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Conversely, there are large numbers of tortricine species known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF92F423FD54FEEFFCCFFEFC" box="[691,810,268,294]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF92F423FCDBFEEFFC7AFEFC" box="[828,927,268,294]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF92F423FC0CFEEFFB86FEFC" box="[1003,1123,268,294]" name="Venezuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
but only one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FF70FED1FEB9FE91" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,348,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FF70FED1FEB9FE91" box="[151,348,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This fact suggests that
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4D91767DFF92F423FD90FED1FD0AFE96" box="[631,751,306,332]" name="Venezuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
likely represents the southern limit of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="61F96665FF92F423FF70F964FE50F8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5311440/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,255,1671,1695]" targetBox="[251,1357,392,1617]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF92F423FF70F964FE50F8DD" blockId="14.[151,1436,1671,1799]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FF70F964FEFCF945" bold="true" box="[151,281,1671,1695]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogram of
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FE5BF96BFD94F945" box="[444,625,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spraganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
. Strict consensus of unweighted parsimony trees. Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap values, and below branches indicate decay index. Only bootstrap values>50% are shown. Strict consensus of six most parsimonious unrooted trees of 58 morphological characters representing 32
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FB0FF92EFF01F8DD" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FB0FF92EFA79F93E" box="[1256,1436,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus six outgroups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7D9C6566FF92F422FF21F8DAFA98FDD4" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="353936EDFF92F422FF21F8DAFA98FDD4" blockId="14.[151,1436,1849,2030]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,152,526]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FF21F8DAFEDBF889" bold="true" box="[198,318,1849,1875]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FE13F8DAFD5CF888" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[500,697,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FE13F8DAFD5CF888" box="[500,697,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally are drab brownish to tan moths, similar to some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FF70F883FED7F8A3" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,306,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FF70F883FED7F8A3" box="[151,306,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganothis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FEABF883FE56F8A3" authorityName="Clemens" authorityYear="1860" box="[332,435,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FEABF883FE56F8A3" box="[332,435,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amorbia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FDEFF883FD9FF8A3" baseAuthorityName="MacKay" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[520,634,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Platynota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FDEFF883FD9FF8A3" box="[520,634,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Platynota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. About one-third of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FC7FF883FB21F8A0" box="[920,1220,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FC7FF883FBB8F8A3" box="[920,1117,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess unusual secondary male sexual characteristics of the head and thorax, features not observed in any other sparganothine genus we have examined. Similarities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FD25F84EFC6DF81C" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[706,904,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FD25F84EFC6DF81C" box="[706,904,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FC26F84EFB6AF81C" authorityName="Powell and Lambert" authorityYear="1986" box="[961,1167,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganopseustis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FC26F84EFB6AF81C" box="[961,1167,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganopseustis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are largely superficial. Even in facies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF92F423FEB1F837FD61F834" box="[342,644,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganopseustis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF92F423FEB1F837FDC1F837" box="[342,548,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sparganopseustis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feature pronounced sexual dimorphism in color and wing shape, often with prominent white or yellow markings on rust forewings. The genitalia are also distinct from all other sparganothine genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF93F422FE45FF5CFD8DFF02" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[418,616,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF93F422FE45FF5CFD8DFF02" box="[418,616,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is largely differentiated on the basis of the broad, laterally expanded apices of the unified socius/gnathos arms. This union differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF93F422FBE8FF06FB39FF24" authorityName="Powell and Lambert" authorityYear="1986" box="[1039,1244,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganopseustis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF93F422FBE8FF06FB39FF24" box="[1039,1244,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sparganopseustis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF93F422FAFCFF06FA70FF24" authorityName="Zeller. In" authorityYear="1877" box="[1307,1429,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aesiocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF93F422FAFCFF06FA70FF24" box="[1307,1429,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aesiocopa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which show much stronger involvement of the socius and weak, if any, involvement of the gnathos in the formation of the structure. In the last two genera, the dominant and easily viewed portion of the armlike extension appears to originate from the anterior lobe of the socius. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2864D6EFF93F422FC0DFEBAFB4AFEA8" authorityName="Lambert and Powell" authorityYear="1986" box="[1002,1199,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07F2EAFFFF93F422FC0DFEBAFB4AFEA8" box="[1002,1199,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sparganothoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the socius/gnathos arm clearly originates from the tegumen and is joined by the socius from that point. In many species, the anterior portion of the socius retains a free lobe, although perhaps secondarily. An undescribed genus shares a similar union of the socius and gnathos, but this union may not be homologous. The distal portion of the socius/gnathos complex in the latter genus is subapically widened, and apically narrowed to a slender lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |