210 lines
27 KiB
XML
210 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="F804CB021CD2CF0895A02975C6FC16D4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4007.3.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2784a3f4-8577-459d-adb8-1bb6e1937181" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236626" ID-ZooBank="2E9A27BE-1A65-4729-B3B2-D26127A85606" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461220063926" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Frolov, Andrey V. & Akhmetova, Lilia A." docDate="2015" docId="474087F6FA7D5039FF34565D0976F968" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04007p444.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4007 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stenosternus costatus Karsch 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="442" masterDocId="BB79FF8EFA7D503BFFA3534E0A4DFF88" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the enigmatic Stenosternus costatus Karsch (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) from São Tomé Island" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="440" pageNumber="440" updateTime="1698603980917" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="98906F5C6BC6C0021DA2CA69162C6BFD">
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<mods:title id="28893E3C9166C82EBBB6AB1D53256EF4">Rediscovery of the enigmatic Stenosternus costatus Karsch (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) from São Tomé Island</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A7D87369B3DB7AC9B1EB4644BC80E35B">Frolov, Andrey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1B52599D7964F6DB9826D310B7255503">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EAEFCAD944A0CFD248E217A12D53C4D7">Akhmetova, Lilia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="267D162B44DBED9C1F823BAF473EA4BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="40AA0CFDB7776939E1F151F1130DD171">
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<mods:date id="79BAB9874BD944B4D7FFB40385874E8C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D76FD8DB480EE2AD6F9100C0A299E39">4007</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C4C8FA0203A15F226BD0E6B49693E70F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4007.3.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="474087F6FA7D5039FF34565D0976F968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115549" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115549" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:474087F6FA7D5039FF34565D0976F968" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/474087F6FA7D5039FF34565D0976F968" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">
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<subSubSection id="87F3656BFA7D503BFF34565D080AFAA6" box="[151,583,1299,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7D503BFF34565D080AFAA6" blockId="0.[151,583,1299,1326]" box="[151,583,1299,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">
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<heading id="941E818CFA7D503BFF34565D080AFAA6" bold="true" box="[151,583,1299,1326]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7D503BFF34565D080AFAA6" authority="Karsch, 1881" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,583,1299,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7D503BFF34565D080AFAA6" bold="true" box="[151,583,1299,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7D503BFF34565D0BD7FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,410,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Stenosternus costatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AB784B11FA7D503BFE01565A080AFAA6" author="Karsch" box="[418,583,1300,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" refString="Karsch, F. (1881) Uber von Herrn Professor R. Greeff auf den Guinea-Inseln gesammelte Coleopteren. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1881, 55 - 62." type="journal article" year="1881">Karsch, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87F3656BFA7D503BFF34561709E4FA50" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7D503BFF34561709E4FA50" blockId="0.[151,1436,1369,2016]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7D503BFF3456170BB9FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,500,1369,1392]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="B7FE7670FA7D503BFE585617090BFAF8" box="[507,838,1369,1392]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">
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<collectionCode id="A9F8AE25FA7D503BFE585617087DFAF8" box="[507,560,1369,1392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2pta-s8y1" name="Sammlung Oberli" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">SÃO</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="A9F8AE25FA7D503BFD945617090BFAF8" box="[567,838,1369,1392]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE</collectionCode>
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</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="B7FE7670FA7D503BFCF3561709F6FAF8" box="[848,955,1369,1392]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
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Island: Vista Alegre,
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<quantity id="08119B05FA7D503BFB0456170F53FAF8" box="[1191,1310,1369,1392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200-300 m</quantity>
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, 0°19′00″
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<geoCoordinate id="AADD5027FA7D503BFA2456170A82FA1A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" precision="925" value="6.6666665">N 6°40′</geoCoordinate>
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59″E,
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<date id="BB571020FA7D503BFEB556350BCEFA1A" box="[278,387,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" value="1900-10-03">
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X.1900,
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<specimenCount id="D9EFFD69FA7D503BFED556350BCEFA1A" box="[374,387,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="male">
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<docIssue id="8B8A490FFA7D503BFED556350BCEFA1A" box="[374,387,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">3</docIssue>
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</specimenCount>
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</date>
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males,
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<specimenCount id="D9EFFD69FA7D503BFE7F56350872FA1A" box="[476,575,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, XI–
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<date id="BB571020FA7D503BFDD9563508A9FA1A" box="[634,740,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" value="1900-10-03">
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X.1900,
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<specimenCount id="D9EFFD69FA7D503BFD74563508A9FA1A" box="[727,740,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="male">3</specimenCount>
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</date>
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males,
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<specimenCount id="D9EFFD69FA7D503BFC9E563509E7FA1A" box="[829,938,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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, L. Fea leg. (
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<collectionCode id="A9F8AE25FA7D503BFBE156350EC3FA1A" box="[1090,1166,1403,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">MCGI</collectionCode>
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); Agua Ize,
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<quantity id="08119B05FA7D503BFABA56350FDAFA1A" box="[1305,1431,1403,1426]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="400.0">400–700 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="BB571020FA7D503BFF3456D00AB7FA3D" box="[151,250,1438,1461]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" value="1900-12">XII.1900</date>
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, L. Fea leg,
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<specimenCount id="D9EFFD69FA7D503BFE3556D00BB4FA3D" box="[406,505,1438,1461]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="A9F8AE25FA7D503BFDAE56D00814FA3D" box="[525,601,1438,1461]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">MCGI</collectionCode>
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); Parque National Obo, forest between Lagoa Amelia and Bom Sucesso, 0°16′48″
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<geoCoordinate id="AADD5027FA7D503BFF57568F0B0BFA50" box="[244,326,1473,1496]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" precision="925" value="6.5833335">N 6°35′</geoCoordinate>
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29″E,
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<date id="BB571020FA7D503BFE28568F0858FA50" box="[395,533,1473,1496]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" value="2001-05-05" valueMax="2001-05-14" valueMin="2001-05-05">5–14.V.2001</date>
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, J.M. Ledford leg.,
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<specimenCount id="D9EFFD69FA7D503BFD44568F0909FA50" box="[743,836,1473,1496]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="A9F8AE25FA7D503BFCF1568F09D0FA50" box="[850,925,1473,1496]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">CASC</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87F3656BFA7D5039FF6456AD0E24FAEB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7D503BFF6456AD08CFF8DD" blockId="0.[151,1436,1369,2016]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7D503BFF6456AD0B8BFA72" bold="true" box="[199,454,1507,1530]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Description of female.</emphasis>
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Body (
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<figureCitation id="57D22A65FA7D503BFDBA56AD0817FA72" box="[537,602,1507,1530]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[176,1428,226,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Stenosternus costatus Karsch, habitus in dorsal view and abdomen in ventral view. 1 — female, 2 — male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236627/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) uniformly blackish brown to brick-red with bronze and green tint. Surface densely punctate, almost rugose. Head and most of pronotum punctate with oval, deep punctures separated by 0.5–0.2 puncture diameters, sometimes almost touching. Each puncture has shagreened microsculpture with 1 short seta (only slightly protruding above surface of pronotum). Intervals between punctures smooth. Clypeus emarginate anteriorly, with crenate margin, without tubercles. Genal and frontoclypeal sutures absent. Genae not protruding past eyes, indistinct. Frons feebly convex medially. Labrum feebly protruding past clypeus. Eyes relatively small, eye width 1.5 times smaller than distance between eye margin and gula (in ventral view). Antenna with 10 antennomeres, with 3-antennomere club. Mandibles similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7D503BFE7455980870F965" box="[471,573,1750,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Aegidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7D503BFE7455980870F965" box="[471,573,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Aegidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="AB784B11FA7D503BFDD5559808B0F965" author="Frolov" box="[630,765,1750,1773]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" refString="Frolov, A. V. (2013) Stenosternus Karsch, a possible link between Neotropical and Afrotropical Orphninae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). ZooKeys, 335, 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2013">Frolov 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 11): rather long, with 2 distinct outer teeth (tooth 2 and 3) and a small angulate tubercle on the outer margin basad of the tooth II; this angulate tubercle apparently correspond to the tooth
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<quantity id="08119B05FA7D503BFEA354550B66F8BA" box="[256,299,1819,1842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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the other orphnines. Similar to the New World orphnines, mandible of
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<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7D503BFB9F54550E8EF8BA" box="[1084,1219,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7D503BFB9F54550E8EF8BA" box="[1084,1219,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Stenosternus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a long, bristled incisor comb reaching the mandibular tooth 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7D503BFF64542F095DF835" blockId="0.[151,1436,1369,2016]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Pronotum with lateral margins broadly arcuate in dorsal view, elongate (1.27 times wider than long), with distinct longitudinal middle depression from base and almost reaching anterior margin. Lateral margin crenulate, base not bordered. Punctation of pronotum is similar to that of head.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7D503BFF645487097FF868" blockId="0.[151,1436,1369,2016]" box="[199,818,1993,2016]" pageId="0" pageNumber="440">Scutellum 1/24 length of elytra, narrow, angulate apically.</paragraph>
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<caption id="9B966668FA7C503AFF3455DA0F6DF922" box="[151,1312,1684,1706]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236627/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="441" targetBox="[176,1428,226,1625]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7C503AFF3455DA0F6DF922" blockId="1.[151,1312,1684,1706]" box="[151,1312,1684,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7C503AFF3455DA0B7FF922" bold="true" box="[151,306,1684,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7C503AFE9455DB081FF922" authority="Karsch" authorityName="Karsch" box="[311,594,1684,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
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<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7C503AFE9455DB0848F922" box="[311,517,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">Stenosternus costatus</emphasis>
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Karsch
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</taxonomicName>
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, habitus in dorsal view and abdomen in ventral view. 1—female, 2—male.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7C503AFF64559E0F45F8C7" blockId="1.[151,1435,1744,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">Elytra somewhat oblong, 1.2 times longer than combined width. Humeral umbones small but distinct. Elytra without striae but each elytron with low, longitudinal ridge from base to approximately 5/6 the length. Elytra densely punctate with characteristic semicircular punctures each bearing a short setae. Because of rugose punctation, lateral margin of elytra appear crenulate in dorsal view. Epipleuron with concavity receiving hind margin of metepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7C503AFF64541508C3F8FA" blockId="1.[151,1435,1744,2010]" box="[199,654,1883,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">Wings vestigial, about 1/2 length of elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7C5039FF64543309C2FF59" blockId="1.[151,1435,1744,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,591]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">
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Protibiae slender, almost parallel-sided, with 3 short outer teeth (
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<figureCitation id="57D22A65FA7C503AFCD0543309E0F81C" box="[883,941,1917,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1163,1185]" captionTargetBox="[210,1391,651,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1401,642,1142]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Stenosternus costatus Karsch. 3 – 4 — apex of protibia (3, 4 — male, 5 — female; 3 — holotype, 4 — specimen from “ Vista Alegre ” locality, 5 — specimen from “ Agua Ize ” locality). 6 — locality map; round dots represent reliable localities, square—possible collection locality of the holotype, triangle—possible collection locality of specimen with the “ Agua Ize, 400 – 700 m ” label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236628/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="441">Fig 5</figureCitation>
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). Protarsi absent. Procoxa with relatively deep longitudinal fossa on ventral side. Middle and hind legs similar in shape. Mesofemora and metafemora relatively slender, almost parallel-sided, with elongate punctures. Mesotibiae and metatibiae without ridges externally, rugosely punctate, with 2 apical spurs (outer spur about 1.5 times longer than inner one) and with modified spur-like basal tarsomere. Stridulatory field on metacoxae present, consists of fine parallel ridges.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF645393085EFE9F" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Metepisternum narrow, almost parallel-sided, with rounded distal part slightly overlapping epipleuron. Orifice between mesocoxal cavities absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF64526C0E82FEF7" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Abdominal sternites with irregular, somewhat V-shaped punctures. Abdominal sternite 8 about twice as long as sternite 7 medially, without concavity or tubercle; sternite 7 slightly longer than sternite 6 and 7. Apical margin of pygidium visible in ventral view. Plectrum trapezoidal, with minute seta medially near apical margin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF6452C40917FDC7" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FF6452C40BE6FE29" bold="true" box="[199,427,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
Females can be separated from males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57D22A65FA7F5039FCEE52C409C0FE29" box="[845,909,394,417]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[176,1428,226,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Stenosternus costatus Karsch, habitus in dorsal view and abdomen in ventral view. 1 — female, 2 — male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having a short, conical apical spur on protibia and three outer protibial teeth with the apical tooth directed almost parallel to the inner margin of protibia. In males, the spur is absent and the apical protibial tooth is directed somewhat medially. Elytra of females 1.1 times wider than pronotum, while in males they are about as wide as pronotum. Females have relatively longer abdomen with pygidium only feebly visible in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57D22A65FA7F5039FD89515B0826FDA4" box="[554,619,533,556]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[176,1428,226,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Stenosternus costatus Karsch, habitus in dorsal view and abdomen in ventral view. 1 — female, 2 — male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) while in the males the abdominal sternites are shorter medially and the pygidium is more convex and well visible in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57D22A65FA7F5039FCA851760901FDC7" box="[779,844,568,591]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[176,1428,226,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,194,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Stenosternus costatus Karsch, habitus in dorsal view and abdomen in ventral view. 1 — female, 2 — male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9B966668FA7F5039FF3457C50F70FB53" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236628/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" targetBox="[210,1391,651,1131]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF3457C50F70FB53" blockId="2.[151,1436,1163,1243]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FF3457C50B7DFB29" bold="true" box="[151,304,1163,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">FIGURES 3–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7F5039FE9457C5081BFB29" authority="Karsch." authorityName="Karsch." box="[311,598,1163,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FE9457C50848FB28" box="[311,517,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Stenosternus costatus</emphasis>
|
||
Karsch.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3–4—apex of protibia (3, 4—male, 5—female; 3—holotype, 4—specimen from “Vista Alegre” locality, 5—specimen from “Agua Ize” locality). 6—locality map; round dots represent reliable localities, square—possible collection locality of the holotype, triangle—possible collection locality of specimen with the “Agua Ize, 400–700 m” label.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF6456480E24FAEB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1286,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FF6456480B0BFA95" bold="true" box="[199,326,1286,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length of the examined specimens varied from 15.0–17.0 mm in males and from 14.5–17.0 mm in females. Coloration varied from blackish brown to tile-red. The lighter, red specimens are teneral having complete pubescence of the body, sharp, unworn apices of mandibles, spurs, and outer protibial teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="87F3656BFA7F5039FF6456200976F968" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF645620094CF9BB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1286,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FF6456200BA0FA0D" bold="true" box="[199,493,1390,1413]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the available material,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7F5039FCCC562009ABFA0D" box="[879,998,1390,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FCCC562009ABFA0D" box="[879,998,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">S. costatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected from three or four localities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="57D22A65FA7F5039FEA656DF0B0AFA20" box="[261,327,1425,1448]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1163,1185]" captionTargetBox="[210,1391,651,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[186,1401,642,1142]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Stenosternus costatus Karsch. 3 – 4 — apex of protibia (3, 4 — male, 5 — female; 3 — holotype, 4 — specimen from “ Vista Alegre ” locality, 5 — specimen from “ Agua Ize ” locality). 6 — locality map; round dots represent reliable localities, square—possible collection locality of the holotype, triangle—possible collection locality of specimen with the “ Agua Ize, 400 – 700 m ” label." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236628/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two of them, Vista Alegre and a forest between Lagoa Amelia and Bom Sucesso, could be traced with a map or coordinates from the label, respectively. Locality “Agua Ize,
|
||
<quantity id="08119B05FA7F5039FCDC56FA09B5FA43" box="[895,1016,1460,1483]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="400.0">400–700 m</quantity>
|
||
” is unclear because Água Izé is located on the coast at sea level. We think that Fea might have collected this specimen about
|
||
<quantity id="08119B05FA7F5039FB8056980E2BFA65" box="[1059,1126,1494,1517]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
inland from Água Izé, in the foothills of the escarpment. Precise collecting locality of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="10528842FA7F5039FC8F56B709C4F998" box="[812,905,1529,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7F5039FC0C56B70E6EF998" box="[943,1059,1529,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FC0C56B70E6EF998" box="[943,1059,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">S. costatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also unknown, but it is possible that it was collected near Roça Rio d'Ouro (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB784B11FA7F5039FDCB555208BBF9BB" author="Frolov" box="[616,758,1564,1587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" refString="Frolov, A. V. (2013) Stenosternus Karsch, a possible link between Neotropical and Afrotropical Orphninae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). ZooKeys, 335, 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2013">Frolov, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF5636E0FA7F5039FF6455700976F968" blockId="2.[151,1436,1286,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
|
||
Based on the body and legs shape, it was suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7F5039FC8B557009D7F9DD" box="[808,922,1598,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FC8B557009D7F9DD" box="[808,922,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">S. costatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be a rotten wood dweller (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB784B11FA7F5039FAA155700FDCF9DD" author="Frolov" box="[1282,1425,1598,1621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" refString="Frolov, A. V. (2013) Stenosternus Karsch, a possible link between Neotropical and Afrotropical Orphninae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). ZooKeys, 335, 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2013">Frolov, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are now some data available to us that support this assumption. Leonardo Fea, in his letter to Raffaello Gestro, then director of MCGI, wrote about a “scarab beetle without tarsi living in rotten wood” and provided a sketch of the beetle leg. There is no doubt that this information refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08E94D63FA7F5039FC9A55E809E2F935" box="[825,943,1702,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Orphnidae" genus="Stenosternus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD9DEAF2FA7F5039FC9A55E809E2F935" box="[825,943,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">S. costatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
although the Karsch’s work was apparently unknown to Fea. It was Gestro who identified Fea’s specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |